cytellin and stearic-acid

Oleogels were produced using a phytosterol blend of β-sitosterol/γ-oryzanol or a blend of sucrose stearate/ascorbyl palmitate (SSAP) as oleogelators. Four lipid phases were compared in oleogel formation for each oleogelator blend: menhaden oil, structured lipid (SL) of menhaden oil and 30 mol% caprylic acid (SL-C), SL of menhaden oil and 20 mol% stearic acid (SL-S), and SL of menhaden oil and 14 mol% each of caprylic and stearic acid (SL-CS). All SLs were produced enzymatically using a recombinant lipase from Candida antarctica as the biocatalyst. Menhaden oil, SL, phytosterol, or SSAP oleogels were evaluated as alternatives to shortening in the preparation of yellow cake in terms of batter and cake physicochemical properties. The shortening, phytosterol, and SSAP oleogel batters exhibited statistically similar specific gravities (0.85). The shortening, and menhaden oil phytosterol and SSAP oleogel batters, exhibited similar Power-Law values (n: 0.78, k: 31 Pa s

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Caprylates; Fat Substitutes; Fatty Acids; Fish Oils; Food Analysis; Food Handling; Gels; Organic Chemicals; Phenylpropionates; Phytosterols; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Sucrose

Embryonic neural stem cells (eNSCs) are immature precursors of the central nervous system (CNS), with self-renewal and multipotential differentiation capacities. These are regulated by endogenous and exogenous factors such as alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), a plant-based essential omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid.. In this study, we investigated the effects of various concentrations of Alyssum homolocarpum seed oil (AHSO), containing natural ALA, stearic acid (SA), myristic acid (MA), and β-sitosterol, on proliferation and differentiation of eNSCs, in comparison to controls and to synthetic pure ALA.. Treatment with natural AHSO (25 to 75 μM), similar to synthetic ALA, caused a significant ~ 2-fold increase in eNCSs viability, in comparison to controls. To confirm this proliferative activity, treatment of NSCs with 50 or 75 μM AHSO resulted in a significant increase in mRNA levels of notch1, hes-1 and Ki-67and NICD protein expression, in comparison to controls. Moreover, AHSO administration significantly increased the differentiation of eNSCs toward astrocytes (GFAP+) and oligodendrocytes (MBP+) in a dose dependent manner and was more potent than ALA, at similar concentrations, in comparison to controls. Indeed, only high concentrations of 100 μM AHSO, but not ALA, caused a significant increase in the frequency of neurons (β-III Tubulin+).. Our data demonstrated that AHSO, a rich source of ALA containing also other beneficial fatty acids, increased the proliferation and stimulated the differentiation of eNSCs. We suggest that AHSO's effects are caused by β-sitosterol, SA and MA, present within this oil. AHSO could be used in diet to prevent neurodevelopmental syndromes, cognitive decline during aging, and various psychiatric disorders.

Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors; Brassicaceae; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Ki-67 Antigen; Mice; Myristic Acid; Neural Stem Cells; Neurogenesis; Plant Oils; Seeds; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

To investigate chemical constituents of the root bark of Tripterygium hypoglaucum.. Compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data (MS, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR).. Twelve compounds were isolated and identified as friedelin (1), 3-oxo-olean-9(11),12-diene (2), canophyllal (3), 3-acetoxy oleanolic acid (4), triptophenolide (5), triptonoterpene methyl ether (6), tricosanoic acid (7), beta-sitosterol (8), stearic acid (9), glut-5-en-3beta,28-diol (10), palmitic acid (11) and daucostorol (12).. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 7 and 10 were isolated from T. hypoglaucum and 7 from the genus Tripterygium for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography; Diterpenes; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Oleanolic Acid; Organic Chemicals; Palmitic Acid; Plant Roots; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Tripterygium; Triterpenes

To investigate the chemical constituents of Xufu Zhuyu decoction.. Silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and crystallization were employed for the isolation and purification. The structures were elucidated by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as follows: palmitic acid (1), stearic acid (2), beta-sitosterol (3), oleanolic acid (4), pregnenolone (5), tangeratin (6), 4-hydroxy-3-butylphthalide (7), sorhamnetin (8), friedelinol (9), beta-ecdysone (10), ferulic acid (11).. All these compounds are isolated from Xuefu Zhuyu decoction for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Pregnenolone; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Water

To study the chemical constituents of the Ficus microcarpa.. Isolation and identification were carried out by using various chromatography techniques and spectral methods.. Eight compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as beta-amyrone (I), lupeol (II), lupeol acetate (III), maslinic acid (IV), epifriedelinol (V), stearic acid (VI), beta-sitosterol (VI), daucosterol (VI).. Compounds I, II, VI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ficus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of Toricellia angulata var. intermedia.. The constituents were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.. Twelve compounds including beta-sitoterol (1), 7-hydroxy-3-ethylphthalide (2), 3beta-methoxy-stigmast-7-ene (3), stigmast-5-ene (4), trans-p-methylcinnamaldehyde (5), stigmate-7-en-3beta-ol (6), o. p-dimethoxybenzoicacid (7), beta-daucosterol (8), ursolicacid (9), stearic acid (10), docosanoic acid (11), palmitic acid (12) were isolated and identified from this plant.. All the compounds are isolated from the plant for the first time, compounds 3 -7, 10 -12 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: beta Carotene; Cornaceae; Fatty Acids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

To study the chemical constituents in the whole plants of Sarcandra hainanensis.. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods. The structures were identified by spectral data.. Nine compounds, palmitic acid (1), icosanoic acid (2), beta-sitosterol (3), octadecanoic (4), acidchrysophanol (5), emodin (6), 2', 3'-dihydroxy-4', 6'-dimethoxychalcone (7), 2'-hydroxy4', 6'-dimethoxychalcone (8), cardamonin (9) were isolated and identified.. Compounds 1-9 were obtained from this plant for the first time. Compounds 2, 5-9 were isolated from family Chloranthaceae for the first time.

Topics: Alkanes; Chalcones; Eicosanoids; Emodin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnoliopsida; Palmitic Acid; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

Two new diterpenoids, 14,18-dihydroxyabieta-8,11,13-trien-7-one (1) and 13-acetyl-14,18-dihydroxy-podocarpa-8,11,13-triene (2), together with eight known compounds, i.e., gaultheric acid (3), vanillic acid (4), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (5), cinnamic acid (6), stearic acid (7), palmitic acid (8), beta-sitosterol (9), and stigmasterol (10), were isolated from the MeOH extract of the whole plant of Gaultheria itoana Hayata (Ericaceae). The structures of the new constituents were elucidated by spectroscopic methods (UV, IR, and 1D- and 2D-NMR) and by mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS). Among them, 1 and 2 were demonstrated to exhibit significant cytotoxic activity against the LNCaP cell line.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Cinnamates; Diterpenes; Gaultheria; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methanol; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Parabens; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Stearic Acids; Stigmasterol; Vanillic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of Sarcopyramis nepalensis.. The constituents were isolated and purified with chromatography and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.. Ten compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as: (E)-1-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl) ethyl acrylate (I), stearic acid (II), palmitic acid (III), 4-hydroxybenzonic acid (IV), 3,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (V), gentisic acid ( VI), gallic acid (VII), beta-sitosterol (VIII), daucosterol (IX), stigmasterolstearate (X).. Compounds I , IV, V, VI, VII are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gallic Acid; Gentisates; Hydroxybenzoates; Melastomataceae; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Parabens; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

To investigate the chemical constituents from Anoectochilus roxburghii.. The compounds were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatographies with silica gel, Macroporous resin and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were identified by their physical and spectral datas.. Ten compounds were isolated and elucidated as: beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(3R)-hydroxybutanolide (I), stearic acid (II), palmitic acid (III), beta-sitosterol (IV) and succinic acid (V), p-hydroxy benzaldehyde (VI), daucosterol (VII), and methyl 4-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-hutanoate (VIII); as well as p-hydroxy cinnamic acid (IX) and o-hydroxy phenol (X) were identified.. Compound I ,VIII, X are firstly isolated from this species.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Catechols; Orchidaceae; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Succinic Acid

The aim of this study was to compare the contents of the main biochemical compounds and the antioxidant capacity of five Spanish olive oils by four different antioxidant tests and to find out the most valuable oil for disease preventing diets. Fatty acids, sterols and individual antioxidant compounds in Arbequina, Hojiblanca, Extra Virgin, Picual and Lampante Spanish olive oils were determined. Antioxidant activities were done as well using different radical scavenging activities: total radical-trapping antioxidative potential by ABAP (TRAP-ABAP), radical scavenging activity by DPPH (RSA-DPPH), antioxidant assay by beta-carotene-linoleate model system (AA-beta-carotene) and total antioxidant status by ABTS (TAA-ABTS). The highest content of all studied antioxidant compounds (353; 329; 4.6 and 2.7 mg/kg for tocopherols, tocotrienols, polyphenols and o-diphenols, respectively) was found in Extra Virgin oil. Also the highest antioxidant capacity was observed in Extra Virgin oil (668 nM/ml; 29.4%; 40.4% and 2.64 mM TE/kg for TRAP-ABAP, RSA-DPPH, AA- beta-carotene and TAA-ABTS, respectively). The correlation between total phenols and antioxidant capacities measured by four methods was very high, but the highest for the beta-carotene (R = 0.9958). In conclusion, the best method for determination of the antioxidant capacity of olive oils is the beta-carotene test. Extra Virgin olive oil has high organoleptic properties and the highest antioxidant activity. The above-mentioned makes this oil a preferable choice for diseases preventing diets.

Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Antioxidants; Cholesterol; Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated; Flavonoids; Free Radical Scavengers; Linoleic Acid; Myristic Acid; Oleic Acid; Olive Oil; Palmitic Acid; Phenols; Phytosterols; Plant Oils; Polymers; Polyphenols; Sitosterols; Spain; Stearic Acids

To study the chemical constituents of Forsythia suspensa.. Basedon silicacolumn chromatography, of which six compounds were obtained from the alcohol extract of F. suspensa, three identified by physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses.. The three compounds were identified as stearic acid, palmitic acid and beta-sitosterol.. The three compounds were separated from F. suspensa fruits for the first time.

Topics: Forsythia; Fruit; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

To study chemical constituents of the root of Fordia cauliflora.. Three compounds were obtained from the ethanolic extract of the roots of F. cauliflora by silica column chromatography, and identified by physico-chemical and spectroscopic analysis.. The compounds were identified as stearic acid, palmitic acid and beta-sitosterol.. These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Fabaceae; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

Six crystalline substances were isolated from the rhizoma of Pericampylus glaucus and identified as epifriedelinol, melissic acid, palmatic acid, stearic acid, bututic acid and daucosterol.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

Four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. They were identified as daucosstero, beta-L-arabopyranose, steraric acid and palmitic acid on the basis of spectral data and chemical properties. All of them were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Palmitic Acid; Palmitic Acids; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Trees

In this paper four compounds isolated from the stem of Premna crassa are described. Their structures have been identified as friedelin, epifriedelanol, stearic acid and beta-sitosterol respectively by comparing their chemical and spectroscopic data with those of the authentic samples.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Triterpenes