cytellin and myricetin

Oxidative stress interferes with the functional roles of the hippocampus and results in cognitive decline. Antioxidant supplementation has a cognitive enhancing activity through protecting hippocampus brain cells from the damaging effects of the reactive oxygen species. The dried methanolic extract of the aboveground parts of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori (Moringaceae) was hypothesized to have memory-enhancing activity via its antioxidative properties. HPLC and LC-MS methods were used for qualitative analysis of the marker compounds. Six major compounds of the methanolic extract of M. peregrina were identified, namely, rutin, myricetin, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol acetate, and β-sitosterol. Male Wistar rats were administered via oral gavage three dose levels (50, 100, and 500 mg/kg) of M. peregrina methanolic extract for 2 months. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to test spatial learning and memory. In addition, ELISA was used to analyze the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to assess the level of some oxidative stress markers. M. peregrina (150 mg/kg) resulted in short- and long-term memory enhancement (P < 0.05). Moreover, M. peregrina administration elevated BDNF levels in the hippocampus (P < 0.05) and caused favorable changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In particular, an increase in glutathione (GSH), a decrease in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the hippocampus were elicited after treatment with M. peregrina. Taken together, our data show that oral administration of M. peregrina enhances both short- and long-term memory functions via combating oxidative stress and increasing BDNF levels in the hippocampus. Consuming this safe plant may thus help promote spatial learning and improve memory.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Flavonoids; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Moringa; Oleanolic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rutin; Sitosterols

S. sylvestre Wright is an extremely rare plant, found only in the sub-Himalayan Terai region of West Bengal and neighboring Sikkim foot-hills. The plant has never been evaluated for any pharmaceutical properties. The phytochemical status of the plant is still unknown. Therefore, the aim of the study was to explore the antioxidant and free radical scavenging activities and analysis of bioactive compounds present in S. sylvestre.. S. sylvestre methanolic extract (SSME) was evaluated for different free radical scavenging activities such as hydroxyl radical, nitric oxide, singlet oxygen, hypochlorous acid, peroxynitrite, superoxide radical and hydrogen peroxide scavenging etc. Iron chelating capacity and inhibition of lipid peroxidation were studied in addition to the assessment of haemolytic activity and erythrocyte membrane stabilizing activity (EMSA). Chemical characterization of SSME were performed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS).. The results indicate that SSME possess potent antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 113.06 ± 5.67 μg/ml, 63.93 ± 4.16 μg/ml and 142.14 ± 6.13 μg/ml for hydroxyl radical, superoxide radical and hypochlorous acid, respectively. HPLC analysis revealed presence of different phenolic secondary metabolites such as gallic acid, ferulic acid, p-coumaric acid, syringic acid, myricetin, quercetin etc. GC-MS analysis displayed the predominance of γ-sitosterol, vitamin E and squalene in SSME.. The present study provides a convincing evidence that S. sylvestre not only possess potent antioxidant activity but also can be used as a source of natural bioactive phytochemicals in the future.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Apocynaceae; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Endangered Species; Flavonoids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Iron Chelating Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Mice; Phenols; Plant Extracts; Propionates; Sikkim; Sitosterols; Squalene; Vitamin E

To study the chemical constituents of the root tube from Pteroxygonum giraldii.. Column chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate and identify the constituents.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), beta-sitosterol glucoside (II), 4', 5,5', 7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-3'-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl flavone (III), gallic acid (IV), myricetin (V), annulatin (VI), 5,5', 7-trihydroxy-2',3-dimethoxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (VII), 2', 5,5',7-tetrahydroxy -3-methoxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside flavone (VIII), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (IX) and myricetin-3,4'-dimethyl ether( X).. Compounds I, II, V, VIII and X are isolated from Pteroxygonum giraldii for the first time.

Topics: Flavonoids; Gallic Acid; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Polygonaceae; Sitosterols

To study the constituents of the leaves of Heliciopsis lobata.. Compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, neutral aluminum oxide and Sephadex LH -20, and their structures were identified by spectroscopic and physicochemical data.. Seven known compounds were isolated and identified as: myricetin (1), myricitrin (2), syringetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (3), medioresinol (4), D-1-O-methyl-myo-inositol (5), hydroquinone (6), and beta-sitosterol (7).. All of these compounds were isolated from genus Heliciopsis for the first time.

Topics: Flavonoids; Hydroquinones; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Leaves; Proteaceae; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Geranium eristemon.. Chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structures.. Five compounds were isolated from acetone extract of the whole grass of G. eristemon, and identified as beta-sitosterol, protocatechuic acid, myricetin, kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside.. kaempferol-7-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside and kaempferol-3-O-alpha-L-arabifuranoside were isolated from G. genus for the first time.

Topics: Arabinose; Flavonoids; Geranium; Hydroxybenzoates; Kaempferols; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from Ampelopsis grossedentata (hand-Mazz) W.T. Wang.. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were employed to isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. Seven compounds were isolated and elucidated as ampelopsin (I), myricetin (II), myricitrin (III), gallic acid (IV), beta-sitosterol (V), stigmasterol (VI) and dihydroquercetin (VII).. Among these compounds, IV, V, VI and VII were isolated from this plant for the first time, and compound VII was obtained from genus Ampelopsis for the first time.

Topics: Ampelopsis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Molecular Structure; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectroscopy, Near-Infrared; Stigmasterol

Five compounds were isolated from the aerial part of Ampelopsis grossedentata and identified as ampelopsin, ambrein, beta-sitosterol, myricetin and myricitrin by means of UV, IR, 1HNMR and MS spectral analysis. They were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Naphthols; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes