cytellin and lyoniside

Topics: Animals; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hypoglycemic Agents; Momordica charantia; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Beta-sitosterol (BSS) and its glycoside (BSSG) are sterol molecules which are synthesized by plants. When humans eat plant foods phytosterols are ingested, and are found in the serum and tissues of healthy individuals, but at concentrations orders of magnitude lower than endogenous cholesterol. Epidemiological studies have correlated a reduced risk of numerous diseases with a diet high in fruits and vegetables, and have concluded that specific molecules, including b-carotene, tocopherols, vitamin C, and flavonoids, confer some of this protective benefit. However, these epidemiologic studies have not examined the potential effect that phytosterols ingested with fruits and vegetables might have on disease risk reduction. In animals, BSS and BSSG have been shown to exhibit anti-inflammatory, anti-neoplastic, anti-pyretic, and immune-modulating activity. A proprietary BSS:BSSG mixture has demonstrated promising results in a number of studies, including in vitro studies, animal models, and human clinical trials. This phytosterol complex seems to target specific T-helper lymphocytes, the Th1 and Th2 cells, helping normalize their functioning and resulting in improved T-lymphocyte and natural killer cell activity. A dampening effect on overactive antibody responses has also been seen, as well as normalization of the DHEA:cortisol ratio. The re-establishment of these immune parameters may be of help in numerous disease processes relating to chronic immune-mediated abnormalities, including chronic viral infections, tuberculosis, rheumatoid arthritis, allergies, cancer, and auto-immune diseases.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Animals; Cats; HIV Infections; Humans; Immune Tolerance; Sitosterols; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary

All available treatments for anogenital warts have substantial failure rates. An immunomodulating treatment that enhances the patient's own immunity could be valuable as an adjuvant to conventional methods.. About 123 patients were enrolled in this study and were randomized either to undergo only cryotherapy every 3 weeks (n = 60 patients) or to undergo cryotherapy and to receive a mixture containing 20 mg sterol and 0.2 mg sterolin (BSS-BSSG mixture), known for its immunomodulating properties (n = 63).. A complete response after 3 months was demonstrated by 18.3% of the patients in the first group and 30.2% of the second group, while 61.7% of the first group and 79.4% of the second group were lesion free at the end of the 6-month follow-up period. Cox regression analysis of the time until response showed a significant advantage to the mixture treatment group (hazard ratio 2.76, 95% confidence interval 1.61-5.67).. The study was not placebo controlled.. The BSS-BSSG mixture gave promising results as an adjuvant to cryotherapy and may be used in patients with refractory warts.

Topics: Adult; Combined Modality Therapy; Condylomata Acuminata; Cryotherapy; Female; Glucosides; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sitosterols; Young Adult

To evaluate the adjuvant effect of beta-sitosterol and its glucoside in the treatment of culture proven pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB).. A blinded randomised placebo-controlled trial in culture proven drug sensitive PTB. Patients were hospitalised for the duration of treatment and evaluated at monthly intervals with regard to sputum culture positivity, chest radiography, weight gain, Mantoux test response, routine haematology and liver functions. STATISTICAL EVALUATION: General linear models for repeated measures (SAS GLM package) compared the interaction effects, group effects and time effects of findings in 19 patients receiving sitosterols with those in 18 patients receiving a placebo (talcum powder). Absolute values and change from baseline values were evaluated, although only the latter are reported.. Weight gain was significantly greater in the sitosterol group (mean weight gain 8.9 kg) than the placebo group (mean gain 6.1 kg) (P = 0.0023 group effects; P = 0.0001 for time effects). Speed of achieving culture negativity, radiological improvement and induration on Mantoux testing was similar in the two groups. Change in lymphocyte counts from baseline was significantly higher in the sitosterol group (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0001 for group and time effects) as was the increase in eosinophil counts (P = 0.0001 and P = 0.0137 for group and time effects).. The study has shown significantly improved weight gain and higher lymphocyte and eosinophil counts in PTB patients receiving sitosterols in addition to an efficacious antituberculosis regimen. Sitosterols and their possible mode of action should now be evaluated in larger numbers of tuberculosis patients and in diseases with a similar immunopathogenesis.

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Antitubercular Agents; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Sitosterols; Tuberculosis, Pulmonary; Weight Gain

Cholesterol-lowering agents are still used in some countries for the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled urodynamic study, carried out on 53 patients with proven outflow obstruction, has failed to prove that the drug, beta-sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside (WA184), is superior to placebo in the treatment of outflow obstruction due to BPH when administered at a dose of 0.3 mg/day. Possible reasons for this include an insufficient dose and duration of treatment (this drug is known to have a potent effect on cholesterol metabolism in the prostate) and the predominantly stromal pathological changes which characterize BPH and which may be unaffected by such agents.

Topics: Aged; Clinical Trials as Topic; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Hyperplasia; Sitosterols; Urodynamics

Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is caused by chronic excessive alcohol consumption, which leads to inflammation, oxidative stress, lipid accumulation, liver fibrosis/cirrhosis, and even liver cancer. However, there are currently no effective drugs for ALD. Herein, we report that a natural phytosterol Daucosterol (DAU) can effectively protect against liver injury caused by alcohol, which plays anti-inflammatory and antioxidative roles in many chronic inflammatory diseases. Our results demonstrate that DAU ameliorates liver inflammation induced by alcohol through p38/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB)/NOD-like receptor protein-3 (NLRP3) inflammasome pathway. Briefly, DAU decreases NF-κB nuclear translocation and inhibits NLRP3 activation by decreasing p38 phosphorylation. At the same time, DAU also protects against hepatic oxidative stress and lipid accumulation. In conclusion, our research provides a new clue about the protective effects of naturally active substances on ALD.

Topics: Ethanol; Humans; Inflammasomes; Inflammation; Liver Cirrhosis; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein; NLR Proteins; Signal Transduction; Sitosterols

Many traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) with skin-whitening properties have been recorded in the

Topics: Animals; Arbutin; Binding Sites; Biological Products; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Databases, Chemical; Down-Regulation; Humans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Melanins; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Network Pharmacology; Sitosterols; Skin Pigmentation

Charantin, a steroidal glycoside, exists as a mixture of stigmasterol glucoside (STG) and β-sitosterol glucoside (BSG) in the fruits of Momordica charantia. Charantin has anti-diabetic activity comparable to insulin. The present work discusses a method for separation of components of charantin namely STG and BSG by simple extraction technique followed by preparative HPLC. The identity of separated components was established by chromatographic as well as spectral techniques. Also reversed phase HPLC-DAD method was developed and validated for estimation of STG and BSG present in fruits of Momordica charantia. The method used C18 column (75 mm × 4.6 mm, 3.5 µm) as stationary phase and methanol: water (98:02, v/v) as mobile phase. Retention times of STG and BSG were found to be 10.707 min and 11.870 min, respectively. The validated method was applied to evaluate content of these components in different extracts and some commercial herbal formulations containing fruits of Momordica charantia.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fruit; Glucosides; Momordica charantia; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

β-Sitosterol 3-O-d-glucoside (BSG) is known to act as an agonist by binding to estrogen receptors, and estrogen has been reported to enhance the activity of β-glucocerebrosidase, an epidermal ceramide metabolizing enzyme. In this study, we determined whether BSG up-regulates ceramide levels in the stratum corneum (SC) of a reconstructed human epidermal keratinization (RHEK) model. Treatment with BSG significantly increased the total ceramide content by 1.2-fold compared to that in the control in the SC of the RHEK model, accompanied by a significant increase of the ceramide species, Cer[EOS] by 2.1-fold compared to that in the control. RT-PCR analysis demonstrated that BSG significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of serine palmitoyltransferase (SPT)2, ceramide synthase (CerS)3, glucosylceramide synthase (GCS) and acid sphingomyelinase by 1.41-1.89, 1.35-1.44, 1.19 and 2.06-fold, respectively, compared to that in the control in the RHEK model. Meanwhile, BSG significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of sphingomyelin synthase (SMS)2 by 0.87-0.89-fold. RT-PCR analysis also demonstrated that BSG significantly up-regulated the mRNA expression levels of CerS3 and GCS by 1.19-1.55 and 1.20-fold, respectively, but not of SPT2 and significantly down-regulated that of SMS2 by 0.74-fold in HaCaT keratinocytes. Western blotting analysis revealed that BSG significantly increased the protein expression levels of CerS3 and GCS by 1.78 and 1.28-1.32-fold, respectively, compared to that in the control in HaCaT cells. These findings indicate that BSG stimulates ceramide synthesis via the up-regulated expression levels of CerS3 and GCS in the glucosylceramide pathway, which results in a significantly increased level of total ceramides in the SC accompanied by significantly increased levels of acylceramide species such as Cer[EOS].

Topics: Cell Line; Ceramides; Epidermis; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glucosyltransferases; Humans; Keratinocytes; Sitosterols; Sphingosine N-Acyltransferase; Up-Regulation

The alpha-amylase inhibitory effect of daucosterol purified from the peel of Chinese water chestnut (CWC), a common Chinese vegetable, was assessed. The alpha-amylase inhibitory properties were elucidated by enzyme inhibition, fluorescence quenching and molecular docking experiments. It was found that three saponins from CWC peel exhibited potent inhibitory activity on alpha-amylase and daucosterol was found to be the main inhibitory factor against alpha-amylase with a mixed-type mode. Strong fluorescence quenching of alpha-amylase was observed under static fluorescence quenching with hydrophobic interactions with daucosterol. Molecular docking revealed that the conformation of daucosterol in the high-affinity sites I and II of alpha-amylase was optimum, and hydrophobic interactions were produced by daucosterol aglycone, and hydrogen bonding by the β-D-glucopyranosyl residue. Ingested daucosterol suppressed the elevation of blood glucose levels through inhibition of alpha-amylase in the small intestine in starch-loaded mice. This study provides data supporting the potential benefit of daucosterol from CWC peel in the treatment of diabetes.

Topics: alpha-Amylases; Animals; Blood Glucose; Eleocharis; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Postprandial Period; Protein Conformation; Sitosterols; Structure-Activity Relationship

Crateva adansonii DC (Capparaceae) is a shrub used to treat tumors in Cameroon. In our previous reports, a Crateva adansonii dichloromethane-methanol (DCM/MeOH) extract was shown to prevent chemically induced tumors in Wistar rats.. To determine the bioactive principle of Crateva adansonii extract and to elucidate its underlying mechanism.. An activity-guided fractionation was realized using MTT assay. To investigate if the bioactive compound daucosterol (CA2) accounted for the previously observed anticancer effects of the C. adansonii extract, it was tested on cell growth, cell proliferation, cell cycle, cell death mechanism and cell migration. In addition, cell cycle- and apoptosis-regulating proteins were assessed by Western blotting.. Daucosterol (CA2), a steroid saponin, was identified as major anticancer principle of the C. adansonii extract. Daucosterol significantly inhibited LNCaP, DU145 and PC3 prostate carcinoma cell growth and proliferation at the optimal concentration of 1 μg/mL. It also significantly increased the number of late apoptotic (DU145) and apoptotic (PC3) cells. The number of cells in S phase increased in DU145, while the number of G0/G1 cells decreased. Cell cycle proteins (cdk1, pcdk1, cyclin A and B) were down-regulated in DU145 and PC3 cells, whereas only cdk2 was down-regulated in PC3 cells. Moreover, the anti-apoptotic Akt, pAKT and Bcl-2 proteins were down-regulated, while the pro-apoptotic protein Bax was up-regulated. CA2 induced anti-metastatic effects by decreasing chemotaxis and cell migration, while it increased cell adhesion to fibronectin and collagen matrix.. These results suggest that daucosterol is the major active principle responsible at least in part for the anticancer effect of the extract of Crateva adansonii.

Topics: Apoptosis; Biological Assay; Cameroon; Capparaceae; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Chemical Fractionation; Chemotaxis; Down-Regulation; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Humans; Male; Medicine, African Traditional; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Plant Extracts; Prostatic Neoplasms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Sitosterols; Up-Regulation

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neuropathology characterized by motor and non-motor alterations. β-sitosterol β-d-glucoside (BSSG) is a neurotoxin whose prolonged oral administration in rats has been proposed as a new PD model. Herein, we demonstrate that a single, unilateral, and intranigral administration of BSSG also elicits bilateral sensorimotor alterations in the rat. Six behavioral tests evaluated the effect of different concentrations of BSSG (3, 6, 9, and 12 μg/μL DMSO) from 15 to 120 days after administration. The first behavioral alterations, which appeared on day 15, were unbalanced and uncoordinated gaits and a decrease in the sensorimotor cortex activity, as evidenced by the beam-walking and the vibrissae tests, respectively. After 30 days, the corridor test revealed hyposmia and a decreased locomotor activity in the open field. The last alteration was a depressive-like behavior, as shown by the forced swim test on days 60 and 120. According to the cylinder test, no locomotor asymmetry was observed over time with any BSSG concentrations tested. Also, a mesencephalic TH(+) cell loss (p <  0.05) was shown on day 30 when compared with the mock condition, and such a loss was even higher on day 120. At this time, the presence of pathological α-synuclein aggregates in the mesencephalon was documented. Our results show that the stereotaxic intranigral administration of BSSG reproduces some characteristics of oral administration, such as the progression of behavioral alterations, dopaminergic neurons loss, and the presence of Lewy body-like synuclein aggregations, in less time and resources.

Topics: Animals; Anosmia; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Dopaminergic Neurons; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Locomotion; Male; Mesencephalon; Neurotoxins; Parkinson Disease; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sensorimotor Cortex; Sitosterols; Substantia Nigra

The spreading and accumulation of α-synuclein and dopaminergic neurodegeneration, two hallmarks of Parkinson's disease (PD), have been faithfully reproduced in rodent brains by chronic, oral administration of β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (BSSG). We investigated whether a single injection of BSSG (6 μg BSSG/μL DMSO) in the left substantia nigra of Wistar rats causes the same effects. Mock DMSO injections and untreated rats formed control groups. We performed immunostainings against the pathological α-synuclein, the dopaminergic marker tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), the neuroskeleton marker β-III tubulin, the neurotensin receptor type 1 (NTSR1) as non-dopaminergic phenotype marker and Fluro-Jade C (F-J C) label for neurodegeneration. Using β-galactosidase (β-Gal) assay and active caspase-3 immunostaining, we assessed cell death mechanisms. Golgi-Cox staining was used to measure the density and types of dendritic spines of striatal medium spiny neurons. Motor and non-motor alterations were also evaluated. The study period comprised 15 to 120 days after the lesion. In the injured substantia nigra, BSSG caused a progressive α-synuclein aggregation and dopaminergic neurodegeneration caused by senescence and apoptosis. The α-synuclein immunoreactivity was also present within microglia cells. Decreased density of dopaminergic fibers and dendritic spines also occurred in the striatum. Remarkably, all the histopathological changes also appeared on the contralateral nigrostriatal system, and α-synuclein aggregates were present in other brain regions. Motor and non-motor behavioral alterations were progressive. Our data show that the stereotaxic BSSG administration reproduces PD α-synucleinopathy phenotype in the rat. This approach will aid in identifying the spread mechanism of α-synuclein pathology and validate anti-synucleinopathy therapies.

Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Disease Models, Animal; Dopaminergic Neurons; Injections, Intraventricular; Nerve Degeneration; Parkinson Disease; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sitosterols; Substantia Nigra

Traditional Chinese medicine has growing importance in the treatment of ischemia stroke due to its abundance and low drug resistance. In this study, we aim to investigate the therapeutic potential of daucosterol palmitate against ischemia stroke, as well as its neuro-protective mechanism. The dose-response effects of daucosterol palmitate in the protection from brain damage were evaluated in a cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) rat model. The correlation of neuro-protective effects of daucosterol palmitate with apoptosis inhibition was examined and the possible signaling targets were identified. Our findings revealed that daucosterol palmitate treatment after 2 h' ischemia significantly lowered brain damage, and neuronal cell apoptosis caused by I/R injury in a dose-response mode (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg). Western blot analysis indicated that daucosterol palmitate could reverse the effects of I/R injury on protein expression of PI3K and mTOR, and phosphorylation of Akt. Contrarily, inactivation of PI3K using wortmannin dramatically antagonized the effect of daucosterol palmitate for I/R injury. With these findings, it supports the application potential of daucosterol palmitate in the treatment of ischemia stroke. Besides, the PI3K/Akt/mTOR pathway might be potential cellular targets for daucosterol palmitate.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Brain Ischemia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Neurons; Palmitates; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Plant Extracts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; Sitosterols; TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases

Topics: 9,10-Dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Capparaceae; Carcinogens; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Molecular Structure; Plant Bark; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sitosterols

Sweet potato is a functional food with potential antitumor properties, but the bioactive constituents and biological mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of daucosterol linolenate extracted from sweet potato and its potential mechanism. An MTT assay indicated that DLA inhibited the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells but had only weak effects on the proliferation of MDA-MB-231, 4T1, and MCF-10A cells. Flow cytometry analysis revealed that daucosterol linolenate induced apoptosis of MCF-7 cells. Experiments with MCF-7 xenograft in nude mice further confirmed that DLA inhibited tumor growth dose-dependently. After DLA treatment, the expressions of B-cell lymphoma 2 and vascular endothelial growth factor were decreased and that of cleaved caspase 3 was increased as compared to the TC group. DLA also down-regulated the expression of phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B and repressed insulin-induced phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B activation. Our findings suggest that DLA suppresses breast tumor growth through inactivating the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway.

Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Animals; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Heterografts; Humans; Ipomoea batatas; MCF-7 Cells; Mice; Mice, Nude; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Sitosterols; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Bitter gourd fruits contain high amounts of charantin, stigmasterol glucoside and β-sitosterol glucoside, which have been shown to provide health benefits for humans. However, the bitterness of the fruit means they are rarely consumed. This study aimed to assess the effects of Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation, which has previously been reported to effectively reduce bitterness, on the contents of these compounds. The current results suggest that Lactobacillus plantarum fermentation should be considered as a potential approach to enhance the levels of these compounds in bitter gourd juice.

Topics: Fermentation; Glucosides; Humans; Lactobacillus plantarum; Momordica charantia; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Topics: Agave; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Ethanol; Microwaves; Plant Extracts; Reference Standards; Sitosterols; Solutions; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

Three new compounds (

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Insecticides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Moths; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Viburnum

The phytochemical investigation of both chloroform and ethyl acetate extracts of

Topics: Asteraceae; Centaurea; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Nitriles; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Spectrum Analysis

Plant sterols (phytosterols) have been widely accepted as a natural anti-cancer agent in multiple malignant tumors. This study was designed to investigate the functions of daucosterol in prostate cancer progression and its possible molecular mechanisms. Our results showed that daucosterol inhibited cell proliferation and induced cell cycle arrest. Moreover, daucosterol treatment obviously promoted apoptosis and autophagy. An autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA) was proved to counteract daucosterol-triggered autophagy, growth inhibition, and apoptosis, indicating that daucosterol-induced apoptotic response was dependent on autophagy. Additionally, treatment with daucosterol resulted in increased phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Furthermore, pre-treatment with a JNK-specific inhibitor SP600125 abated daucosterol-elicited autophagy and apoptotic cell death. Taken together, our findings demonstrated that daucosterol blocked prostate cancer growth at least partly through inducing autophagic-dependent apoptosis via activating JNK signaling, providing a promising candidate for the development of antitumor drugs in prostate cancer treatment.

Topics: Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Enzyme Activation; Humans; JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Male; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sitosterols

The effects of daucosterol have been identified in cancer therapy and neuronal diseases. However, the regulatory function of daucosterol in DSS-induced colitis has not yet been investigated. In this study, we evaluated the immunological and therapeutic effects of daucosterol in a mouse model of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis. Unlike vehicle mice, mice pre- or post-treated with daucosterol showed inhibition of body weight loss and the decrease in the disease activity index (DAI). In addition, daucosterol treatment rescued the DSS-induced decrease in colon length and disruption of the epithelial lining. Furthermore, it reduced DSS-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), infiltration of macrophages, and expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β. Mice with colitis showed a decreased population of Foxp3

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis; Colon; Cytokines; Dextran Sulfate; Female; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymph Nodes; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Sitosterols; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory

Topics: A549 Cells; Apoptosis; Down-Regulation; Homeostasis; Humans; Molecular Docking Simulation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Protein Conformation; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Sitosterols; Thermodynamics; Thioredoxin Reductase 1; Thioredoxin-Disulfide Reductase; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53

Salvia aethiopis is a perennial plant native to Eurasia and known by the common names Mediterranean sage or African sage. This plant has been used in Iranian medicine as a carminative and tonic. The ethanolic extract of aerial part of S. aethiopis exhibited moderate to weak activity towards delta and kappa opioid receptors (46.3 and 45.3% displacement, respectively). Chromatographic purification of the ethanolic extract on silica gel column led to isolation of one new: 3α-hydroxy-8α-acetoxy-13,14,15,16-tetranorlabdan-12-oic acid (I) and three known compounds: sesquiterpene spathulenol (II), β-sitosterol (III) and β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (IV). The structures of all isolated compounds were elucidated by their NMR (1D and 2D) and MS spectral data. All the fractions and isolated compounds were tested for cannabinoid and opioid receptor binding assays.

Topics: Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Iran; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Salvia; Sesquiterpenes; Sitosterols

Two thiophenes; 5-(3-buten-1-ynyl)-2,2'-bithiophene (2) and α-tertthienyl (9), two alkaloids; echinopsine (10) and echinorine (11), three flavonoids; genkwanin (5), apigenin (6), and rutin (7), two triterpenoids; lupeol acetate (1) and lupeol linoleate (4), together with 2,6,10-trimethyldodeca-2,6,10-triene (4) and β-sitosterol glucoside (8) were isolated from the aerial parts of Echinops albicaulis. Antioxidant, antimicrobial and antiprotozoal activities were evaluated. E. albicaulis aqueous methanolic extract (50, 10, and 1 mg/mL) showed significant antioxidant activity comparable to the potent antioxidant, N-acetyl cysteine, moreover, the aqueous methanolic extract (1 mg/mL) significantly reduced intracellular reactive oxygen species in active cell cultures of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells under oxidative stress more than the reference antioxidant N-acetyl cysteine. None of the isolated compounds showed antimicrobial or antiprotozoal activities at concentration up to 20 μg/mL.

Topics: Alkaloids; Antioxidants; Antiprotozoal Agents; Apigenin; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Echinops Plant; Flavonoids; Humans; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sitosterols; Thiophenes; Trypanosoma brucei brucei

Cichorium intybus L. (Asteraceae family) is a world-wide grown plant known as chicory. In traditional medicine, this plant is used as diuretic, anti-inflammatory, digestive, cardiotonic and liver tonic. Chromatographic purification of the supercritical fluid extract of aerial parts of C. intybus on silica gel column led to isolation of three compounds: new compound, 28β-hydroxytaraxasterol (I), and two known compounds usnic acid (II) and β-sitosterol (III). Purification of the ethanolic extract of aerial parts of this plant on silica gel column chromatography yielded four compounds: 1,3-dioleylglycerate (IV), sitoindoside II (V), 11β-13-dihydrolactucin (VI) and β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (VII). The structures of the isolated compounds were determined by their 1D, 2D NMR and MS spectral data. All the fractions and isolated compounds were tested for cannabinoid and opioid receptor binding, as well as antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activities. Compound I showed moderate activity (60.5% displacement) towards CB1 receptor.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Cichorium intybus; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glucosides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Medicine, Traditional; Molecular Structure; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1; Receptors, Cannabinoid; Receptors, Opioid; Sitosterols

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Humans; Ipomoea; Linoleic Acid; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Metastasis; NF-kappa B; Plant Extracts; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Sitosterols

Topics: Aristolochic Acids; Glucosides; Hydroxybenzoates; Magnoliopsida; Methanol; Methylene Chloride; Molecular Structure; Phloroglucinol; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Sitosterols

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death worldwide. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of daucosterol on HCC by investigating Wnt/β-catenin signaling. In this study, HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells were treated with varying concentrations of daucosterol, and the corresponding inhibitory effects on HCC cells were examined via CCK-8 assays. Cell migration and invasion abilities were detected via transwell assays. β-Catenin and phospho (p)-β-catenin levels were analyzed via western blotting. Our results showed that daucosterol reduced the proliferation, migration, and invasion capacities of HCC cells in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, daucosterol reduced the levels of β-catenin and p-β-catenin in HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells. Furthermore, the Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor SB-216763 was used to treat HepG2 and SMMC-7721 cells with daucosterol. Our results showed that co-treatment with daucosterol and SB-216763 abolished the effects of daucosterol on cell inhibition ratios, cell migration, and cell invasion. These findings indicated that daucosterol inhibited cell migration and invasion in HCC cells via the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Therefore, our study highlights the use of daucosterol as a promising therapeutic strategy for HCC treatment.

Topics: beta Catenin; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Sitosterols; Wnt Proteins; Wnt Signaling Pathway

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths both in developed and developing countries. Since majority of the existing therapeutic methods harms both normal and malignant cells, a viable alternative is to switch into safe and beneficial traditional medicinal plants. Hence the present study was framed to identify selective anti-lung cancer agents from the medicinal plant Grewia tiliaefolia (GT). Cell viability experiments showed that benzene extract of GT (BGT) leaf effectively inhibited the growth of A549 cells, while being non-toxic to normal human lung L132 and PBMC cells. Ames and comet assays demonstrated that BGT is of non-mutagenic and non-genotoxic nature in untransformed cells. The hematological and histopathological profiles of the in vivo acute and sub-acute toxicity studies demonstrated that BGT is safe and tolerable. Importantly, western blot analysis and Annexin V-FITC staining confirmed that BGT promotes mitochondrial dependent apoptotic cell death in A549 cells by arresting cell cycle at G2/M phase. Bio-assay guided fractionation revealed the presence of phytosteols (β-sitosterol and daucosterol) which significantly inhibited the growth of A549 cells both alone and in combination. This study warrants that these phytosterols in alone or in combination can be considered as safe and potential drug candidates for lung cancer treatment.

Topics: Apoptosis; Cell Cycle; Cell Line, Tumor; Grewia; Humans; Sitosterols

Saraca asoca Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) is an important traditional remedy for gynaecological disorders and it contains lyoniside, an aryl tetralin lignan glycoside. The aglycone of lyoniside, lyoniresinol possesses structural similarity to enterolignan precursors which are established phytoestrogens.. This work illustrates biotransformation of lyoniside to lyoniresinol using Woodfordia fruticosa Kurz. (Lythraceae) flowers and simultaneous quantification of lyoniside and lyoniresinol using a validated HPTLC method.. The aqueous extract prepared from S. asoca bark was fermented using W. fruticosa flowers. The substrate and fermented product both were simultaneously analyzed using solvent system:toluene:ethyl acetate:formic acid (4:3:0.4) at 254 nm. The method was validated for specificity, accuracy, precision, linearity, sensitivity and robustness as per ICH guidelines.. The substrate showed the presence of lyoniside, however, it decreased as the fermentation proceeded. On 3rd day, lyoniresinol starts appearing in the medium. In 8 days duration most of the lyoniside converted to lyoniresinol. The developed method was specific for lyoniside and lyoniresinol. Lyoniside and lyoniresinol showed linearity in the range of 250-3000 and 500-2500 ng. The method was accurate as resulted in 99.84% and 99.83% recovery, respectively, for lyoniside and lyoniresinol.. Aryl tetralin lignan glycoside, lyoniside was successfully transformed into lyoniresinol using W. fruticosa flowers and their contents were simultaneously analyzed using developed validated HPTLC method.

Topics: Anisoles; Biotransformation; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Densitometry; Fermentation; Flowers; Glycosides; Lignans; Linear Models; Naphthalenes; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plants, Medicinal; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sitosterols; Woodfordia

Phytochemical investigations of Quercus incana led to the isolation of a new catechin derivative quercuschin (1), along with six known compounds: quercetin (2), methyl gallate (3), gallic acid (4), betulinic acid (5), (Z)-9-octadecenoic acid methyl ester (6) and β-sitosterol glucoside (7) from the ethyl acetate fraction of methanolic extract of the bark. Compound 1 was screened for its antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant potential. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the compound were tested against different bacterial and fungal strains, employing the agar well diffusion methods. The antibacterial activity was the highest against Streptococcus pyogenes with 80.0% inhibition, while the antifungal activity of the compound was the highest against Candida glabrata with 80.5% inhibition. The results of the antioxidant activity indicated that the compound exhibited antioxidant activity comparable to that of standard, butylated hydroxyanisole (51.2 μg/10 μl versus 45.9 μg/10 μl).

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Betulinic Acid; Candida glabrata; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Quercus; Secondary Metabolism; Sitosterols; Streptococcus pyogenes; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from the fleshy stems of Cynomorium songaricum.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on MCI, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 columns, etc. The structures of compounds were elucidated by physicochemical property and spectral analyses.. 15 compounds were isolated and identified as choerospondin( 1), isolariciresinol-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 2), lutelin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 3), 3, 4-dihydroxyphenethylacetate( 4),maslinic acid( 5),catechin ( 6),ursolic acid( 7),gentisic acid( 8),mannitol( 9), phloroglucinol( 10), β-sitosterol( 11), daucosterol( 12), rutin( 13), cetylic acid( 14) and epicatechin( 15).. Compounds 4,5,8,9 and 10 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Catechin; Cynomorium; Lignin; Naphthols; Phloroglucinol; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To investigate the chemical constituent from the roots of Gentiana straminea.. The constituents were separated by microporous resin,silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and preparative column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectral methods.. Twelve chemical constituents were isolated from the roots of Gentiana straminea and their structures were identified as daucosterol( 1),β-sitosterol( 2),ursolic acid( 3),sweroside( 4),swertiamarin( 5),gentiopicroside( 6),6’-O-acetyl-gentiopicroside( 7),6’-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-sweroside( 8),protocatech uic aldehyde( 9),protocatechuic acid( 10),methyl gallate( 11) and dibutyl phthalate( 12).. The compounds 8,9,10,11 and 12 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Gentiana; Iridoid Glucosides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional; Plant Roots; Pyrones; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from the whole plant of Delphinium caeruleum.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical properties.. Twelve compounds were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Delphinium caeruleum. They were identified as β-sitosterol( 1),kaempferol( 2),quercetin( 3),isovanillic acid( 4),apigenin( 5),luteolin( 6),8-methoxy-5,7,3’,4’-tetrahydroxy-flavone( 7),β-daucosterol( 8),kaempferol-3-O-β-D-glucoside( 9),3,5-dihydroxy-4’-methoxyflavone-7-yl-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-( 1→4)-α-L-rhamnopyranoside( 10),rutin( 11) and sucrose( 12).. Compounds 1 ~ 12 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Delphinium; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Luteolin; Quercetin; Rutin; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from Mitrasacme pygmaea.. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography and their structure were identified by NMR and MS,and comparison spectral data with literature.. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as tricin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 1),massonianoid A( 2),kaempferol( 3),cinnamic acid( 4),quercetin( 5),tiliroside( 6),tricin( 7),β-sitosterol( 8),adenosine( 9),α-tocopherolquinone( 10)and β-daucosterol( 11).. All the compounds are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Flavonoids; Kaempferols; Magnoliaceae; Quercetin; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of stalk form Pottsia laxifora.. The chemical constituents were isolated by various chromatography methods,and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods,physical and chemical properties.. Twelve compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as β-sitosterol( 1),salicylic acid( 2),resorcinol( 3),4-hydroxybenzoic acid( 4),protocatechuic acid( 5),vanillic acid( 6),syringic acid( 7),scopoletin( 8),cleomiscosin D( 9),( +)-lyoniresinol( 10),(-)-loliolide( 11) and daucosterol( 12).. Compounds 1 ~ 11 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Coumarins; Gallic Acid; Hydroxybenzoates; Magnoliaceae; Scopoletin; Sitosterols; Vanillic Acid

To study the chemical consituents of Hypericum ascyron.. The constituents were isolated and purified by chromatography on silica gel; the structure of the compound was determined by MS and NMR spectral analysis.. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis and comparison with the reported data, they were identified as hyperoside( 1),hypercalin B( 2),hypercalin C( 3),1,7-dihydroxyxanthone( 4),2,3-dimethoxyxanthone( 5),1-hydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone( 6),rutin( 7),kaempferol( 8),toxyloxanthone B( 9),quercetin( 10),quercitrin( 11),β-daucosterol( 12) and β-sitosterol( 13).. Compounds 2,3,6 and 9 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Hypericum; Kaempferols; Quercetin; Rutin; Sitosterols

To study the non-alkaloid chemical constituents of Macleaya cordata.. Alcohol extraction and liquidliquid partitionmethods were used to extract the chemical constituents. Silica gel,reverse-phase octadecylsilyl( ODS), and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographic methods were applied for isolation and purification. Spectroscopic methods including MS and NMR were used to determine their structures.. Eleven non-alkaloid compounds were isolated from the fruits of Macleaya cordata, and their structures were identified as 3-( 3,4-dihydroxy) phenylpropanoic acid methyl ester( 1),ferulic acid( 2),1-octacosanol( 3),syringic acid( 4),p-hydroxy-benzoic acid( 5),p-coumaric acid( 6),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside( 7),N-p-coumaroyl tyramine( 8),10-eicosenoic acid( 9) and β-sitosterol( 10) and daucosterol( 11).. Compounds 1,3 ~9 are isolated from Macleaya cordata for the first time.

Topics: Alkaloids; Coumaric Acids; Gallic Acid; Glucosides; Papaveraceae; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Tyramine

To study the chemical constituents of Rubus stans.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. The structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical properties.. Eleven compounds were isolated and purified from the ethanol extract of Rubus stans. They were identified as β-sitosterol( 1),betulinic acid( 2),euscaphic acid( 3),ursolic acid( 4),corosolic acid( 5),kaempferol( 6),quercetin( 7),2α,3β,19α,23-tetrahydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid( 8),β-daucosterol( 9),quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucoside( 10) and kaempferol-3-O-β-D-6-O-( p-hydroxycinnamoyl)-glucopyranoside( 11).. All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Betulinic Acid; Kaempferols; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Rubus; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of the stems from Altingia chinensis.. The stems from Altingia chinensis were extracted with 95% ethanol for reflux,and the extract were evaporated. The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography from petrol ether part and ethyl acetate part of extract. Their structures were identified on the basis of physico-chemical characters and spectroscopic analysis.. Eleven compounds were obtained from the stems from Altingia chinensis,which identified as myrsinene( 1),oleanonic aldehyde( 2),3β,23,28-trihydroxyolean-12-ene( 3),ursolic acid-3β-octadecanoate( 4),arjunglucoside Ⅱ( 5),β-sitosterol( 6),daucosterol( 7),trans-resveratrol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside( 8),ellagic acid 3,3’-dimethylether( 9),lyoniside( 10) and 3,3’-O-dimethylellagic acid-4’-O-α-L-rhamnoside( 11).. All the compounds are isolated from Altingia chinensis for the first time.

Topics: Ellagic Acid; Saxifragaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of the methylene chloride extract of Lonicerae Japonicae Flos.. The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography,Sephadex LH-20 gel column chromatography and recrystallization. The structures were elucidated by the physical and chemical properties,MS,1H-NMR and13C-NMR spectroscopy.. Nine compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as β-sitosterol( 1),benzoic acid( 2),5-hydroxy-7,3’,4’-trimethoxyflavone( 3),tetrapedic acid B( 4),tricin( 5),hydnocarpin D( 6),6,7,10-trihydroxy-8-octadecenoic acid( 7),5’-methoxyhydnocarpin-D( 8) and daucosterol( 9).. Compound 2,4,7,8 are isolated from this plant,compounds 2,7,8 are isolated from Caprifoliaceae family for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Lonicera; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols

β-Sitosterol glucoside (BSSG) is a natural biologically active substance isolated from the Castanopsis indica leaves. This study explored the apoptogenic mechanistic studies of BSSG against Ehrlich's ascites carcinoma (EAC) treated mice through morphological study, comet assay, flow cytometry (FACS) and Western blotting assay method. AO/EB staining and FACS analysis showed that BSSG possessed apoptosis induction activities on EAC cells. Dose dependent induction of DNA damage was observed after BSSG treatment. Increase the expression of apoptotic protein p53 and p21 in EAC, multiple downstream factors contributing to apoptosis pathway. The increase of caspase-9 and caspase-3 activities revealed that caspase was a key mediator of the apoptotic pathway induced by BSSG, and up-regulation of Bax and down-regulation of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 resulted in the decrease of Bcl-2/Bax ratio. Owing to the combination of significant antitumour activity by inducing apoptosis, BSSG holds the promise of being an interesting chemo-preventive agent active in cancer therapy.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Caspase 3; Caspase 9; DNA Damage; Fagaceae; Humans; Mice; Plant Leaves; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Sitosterols; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53; Up-Regulation

Lyoniside is the major constituent of Saraca asoca Linn. (Caesalpiniaceae) bark. There is an immediate need to develop an efficient method to isolate its chemical constituents, since it is a therapeutically important plant.. A rapid extraction method for lyoniside based on microwave-assisted extraction of S. asoca bark was developed and optimized using response surface methodology (RSM).. Lyoniside was analyzed and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The extraction solvent ratio (%), material solvent ratio (g/ml) and extraction time (min) were optimized using Box-Behnken design (BBD) to obtain the highest extraction efficiency. The optimal conditions were the use of 1:30 material solvent ratio with 70:30 mixture of methanol:water for 10 min duration.. The optimized microwave-assisted extraction yielded 9.4 mg/g of lyoniside content in comparison to reflux extraction under identical conditions which yielded 4.2 mg/g of lyoniside content. Under optimum conditions, the experimental values agreed closely with the predicted values. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated a high goodness-of-fit model and the success of the RSM method for optimizing lyoniside extraction from the bark of S. asoca.. All the three variables significantly affected the lyoniside content. Increased polarity of solvent medium enhances the lyoniside yield.. The present study shows the applicability of microwave-assisted extraction in extraction of lyoniside from S. asoca bark.

Topics: Analysis of Variance; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fabaceae; Lignans; Microwaves; Models, Statistical; Nonlinear Dynamics; Phytotherapy; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

Hedyotis caudatifolia Merr. et Metcalf. (HC), a folk medicine in Yao nationalities areas in China, was used to investigate the chemical constituents. Through silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, nine compounds were isolated and purified. By physical and chemical properties, IR, MS (EI-MS, high resolution EI-MS), 1D NMR ((1)H NMR, (13)C NMR) and 2D NMR (HSQC, (1)H-(1)H COSY, HMBC), their structures were identified as β-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), scopolin (3), 2-hydroxy-1,7,8-trimethoxyanthracene-9,10-dione (4), oleanolic acid (5), ursolic acid (6), methyl barbinervate (7), β-daucosterol (8) and p-Hydroxybenzoic acid (9). These compounds were isolated from HC for the first time, and 4 a new anthraquinone whose biological activities are worth to be investigated in future. These compounds may contribute to the HC's pharmacological effects on treating diseases, and may be used as candidates for control index in establishing the quality control standard of HC.

Topics: Anthraquinones; China; Hedyotis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

The chemical investigation of ethanolic extract from rhizomes of Cautleya spicata (Sm.) Baker (Zingiberaceae) has resulted in the isolation of eight compounds which were characterised as β-sitosterol (1), β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (2), bergapten (3), zerumin A (4), (E)-labda-8(17),12-diene-15,16-dial (5), kaempferol (6), quercetin (7) and astragalin (8). All compounds were identified by spectroscopic and chemical methods. This paper describes the first phytochemical work on C. spicata.

Topics: Glucosides; Kaempferols; Molecular Structure; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Zingiberaceae

We previously reported that daucosterol (a sterolin) up-regulates the expression of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1)(1) protein in neural stem cells. In this study, we investigated the effects of daucosterol on the survival of cultured cortical neurons after neurons were subjected to oxygen and glucose deprivation and simulated reperfusion (OGD/R)(2), and determined the corresponding molecular mechanism. The results showed that post-treatment of daucosterol significantly reduced neuronal loss, as well as apoptotic rate and caspase-3 activity, displaying the neuroprotective activity. We also found that daucosterol increased the expression level of IGF1 protein, diminished the down-regulation of p-AKT(3) and p-GSK-3β(4), thus activating the AKT(5) signal pathway. Additionally, it diminished the down-regulation of the anti-apoptotic proteins Mcl-1(6) and Bcl-2(7), and decreased the expression level of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax(8), thus raising the ratio of Bcl-2/Bax. The neuroprotective effect of daucosterol was inhibited in the presence of picropodophyllin (PPP)(9), the inhibitor of insulin-like growth factor I receptors (IGF1R)(10). Our study provided information about daucosterol as an efficient and inexpensive neuroprotectants, to which the IGF1-like activity of daucosterol contributes. Daucosterol could be potentially developed as a medicine for ischemic stroke treatment.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Brain; Caspase 3; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Glucose; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Myeloid Cell Leukemia Sequence 1 Protein; Neuroprotective Agents; Oxygen; Podophyllotoxin; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Somatomedin; Reperfusion Injury; Signal Transduction; Sitosterols

This study aims to evaluate the anti-cancer effect of daucosterol and explore its possible mechanism.. MTT and colony formation assay were performed to determine the effect of daucosterol on cancer cell proliferation in vitro. H22 allograft model was used for the assessment of its anti-cancer activity in vivo. Intracellular generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was measured using DCFH-DA probe with flow cytometry system and a laser scanning confocal microscope. LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3)-II conversion was monitored with immunofluorescence and immunoblotting to demonstrate daucosterol-induced autophagy.. We found that daucosterol inhibits the proliferation of human breast cancer cell line MCF-7 and gastric cancer cell lines MGC803, BGC823 and AGS in a dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, daucosterol inhibits murine hepatoma H22 cell growth in ICR mice. Daucosterol treatment induces intracellular ROS generation and autophagy, but not apoptotic cell death. Treatment with ROS scavenger GSH (reduced glutathione), NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine) or autophagy inhibitor 3-Methyladenine (3-MA) counteracted daucosterol-induced autophagy and growth inhibition in BGC823 and MCF-7 cancer cells.. Daucosterol inhibits cancer cell proliferation by inducing autophagy through ROS-dependent manner and could be potentially developed as an anti-cancer agent.

Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adenine; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Apoptosis; Autophagy; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Glutathione; Humans; Mice; Neoplasms; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sitosterols; Tumor Stem Cell Assay

Fractionation of an acetone extract of the aerial parts of Salvia urmiensis led to the isolation of a new (1) and a known (2) E-seco-ursane-type triterpenoid, together with four other known compounds. Their structures were established by 1D and 2D nuclear magnetic resonance as well as high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The effect of compounds 1 and 2 on cell viability of HeLa and HepG2 cells was investigated with the MTT assay. We also report the mechanism of action of compound 2 as a potential anticancer agent in HeLa cells. Bcl-2, Bax, and caspases signaling pathway expression in HeLa cells was analyzed. HeLa cells treated with compound 2 were assayed for the cleavage of poly-(ADP-ribose)-polymerase and DNA fragmentation resulting in nuclear shrinkage. Taken together, these results suggest that treatment of HeLa cells with compound 2 can induce apoptosis by regulating Bcl-2 family members and by suppressing caspase cascade activation.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Apigenin; Apoptosis; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Caspases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Salvia; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Sterol glycosyltransferases regulate the properties of sterols by catalyzing the transfer of carbohydrate molecules to the sterol moiety for the synthesis of steryl glycosides and acyl steryl glycosides. We have analyzed the functional role of TTG15/UGT80B1 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana in freeze/thaw and heat shock stress using T-DNA insertional sgt knockout mutants. Quantitative study of spatial as well as temporal gene expression showed tissue-specific and dynamic expression patterns throughout the growth stages. Comparative responses of Col-0, TTG15/UGT80B1 knockout mutant and p35S:TTG15/UGT80B1 restored lines were analyzed under heat and freeze stress conditions. Heat tolerance was determined by survival of plants at 42°C for 3 h, MDA analysis and chlorophyll fluorescence image (CFI) analysis. Freezing tolerance was determined by survival of the plants at -1°C temperature in non-acclimatized (NA) and cold acclimatized (CA) conditions and also by CFI analysis, which revealed that, p35S:TTG15/UGT80B1 restored plants were more adapted to freeze stress than TTG15/UGT80B1 knockout mutant under CA condition. HPLC analysis of the plants showed reduced sterol glycoside in mutant seedlings as compared to other genotypes. Following CA condition, both β-sitosterol and sitosterol glycoside quantity was more in Col-0 and p35S:TTG15/UGT80B1 restored lines, whereas it was significantly less in TTG15/UGT80B1 knockout mutants. From these results, it may be concluded that due to low content of free sterols and sterol glycosides, the physiology of mutant plants was more affected during both, the chilling and heat stress.

Topics: Acclimatization; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ecotype; Fluorescence; Freezing; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Glucosyltransferases; Hot Temperature; Lipid Peroxidation; Mutation; Phenotype; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Sitosterols; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors

To study the chemical constituents of fermented Antrodia camphorata powder.. 15 compounds were isolated from Antrodia camphorata by Silica gel column chromatography, ODS column chromatography, gel column chromatography, preparative liquid phase chromatography separation technique, as well as recrystallization.. On the basis of their physical and chemical properties and spectral data,their structures were identified as Ferulic acid (1), Inositol (2), β-Sitosterol (3),Vanillin (4),Vanillic acid (5), Butyric acid (6), Daucosterol (7), p-Hydroxycinnamic acid (8), Lauric acid (9), Inosine (10), Uridine (11), Adenine (12), D(+)-Sucrose (13), Arachidic acid (14) and Guanosine (15).. Compounds 1, 5, 6 and 8-15 are isolated from fermented powder for the first time.

Topics: Antrodia; Chromatography, Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Fermentation; Phytochemicals; Plants, Medicinal; Powders; Propionates; Sitosterols; Vanillic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of "Chuju" Chrysanthemum morifolium.. All compounds were separated and purified by column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and preparative HPLC. Their structures were identified by spectral methods including 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR.. 21 compounds were isolated and identified as octa-cosyl alcohol (1), β-sitosterol (2), lupeol (3), α-amyrin (4), daucosterol (5), ineupatorolide B (6), syringin (7), chlorogenic acid (8), petasiphenol (9), physcion (10), acacetin (11), eupatilin (12), quercetin (13), diosmetin (14), luteolin (15), apigenin (16), apigenin- 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (17), quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (18), luteolin-7-O-β-D-gluco pyranoside (19), apigenin-7-O-β-D- neospheroside (20), and acacetin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (21).. Compounds 1-12, 18 and 20 are isolated from this plant for the first time. Compounds 10, 13, 14, 15 and 16 have shown strong antioxidant activities by DPPH · scavenging activity better than Vit C.

Topics: Antioxidants; Apigenin; Chlorogenic Acid; Chrysanthemum; Flavones; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Luteolin; Phenylpropionates; Phytochemicals; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents of peanut hull.. Several chromatography methods such as silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 combined with recrystallization were applied to isolate the compounds. Based on spectrum technologies (MS,1H-NMR and 13C-NMR) and physico-chemical methods, structures of isolated compounds were identified.. Twelve compounds were isolated and elucidated as luteolin (1), diosmetin (2), 5,7,3',4'-tetrahydroxy-8-prenyflavone (3),5,7,3'-trihydroxy-4'- methoxy-8-prenylflavone(4), eriodicrtyol (5), racemoflavone (6), hydnocarpin (7), 5,7-dihydroxy chromone (8), 5-hydroxy-chromone- 7-O-β-D-glucoside (9), ferulic acid (10), β-sitosterol (11) and daucosterol(12).. Except compounds 1, 5 and 8, all compounds are obtained from peanut hull for the first time.

Topics: Arachis; Coumaric Acids; Flavonoids; Luteolin; Phytochemicals; Seeds; Sitosterols

The development of effective neuroprotective therapies for Parkinson's disease (PD) has been severely hindered by the notable lack of an appropriate animal model for preclinical screening. Indeed, most models currently available are either acute in nature or fail to recapitulate all characteristic features of the disease. Here, we present a novel progressive model of PD, with behavioural and cellular features that closely approximate those observed in patients. Chronic exposure to dietary phytosterol glucosides has been found to be neurotoxic. When fed to rats, β-sitosterol β-d-glucoside (BSSG) triggers the progressive development of parkinsonism, with clinical signs and histopathology beginning to appear following cessation of exposure to the neurotoxic insult and continuing to develop over several months. Here, we characterize the progressive nature of this model, its non-motor features, the anatomical spread of synucleinopathy, and response to levodopa administration. In Sprague Dawley rats, chronic BSSG feeding for 4 months triggered the progressive development of a parkinsonian phenotype and pathological events that evolved slowly over time, with neuronal loss beginning only after toxin exposure was terminated. At approximately 3 months following initiation of BSSG exposure, animals displayed the early emergence of an olfactory deficit, in the absence of significant dopaminergic nigral cell loss or locomotor deficits. Locomotor deficits developed gradually over time, initially appearing as locomotor asymmetry and developing into akinesia/bradykinesia, which was reversed by levodopa treatment. Late-stage cognitive impairment was observed in the form of spatial working memory deficits, as assessed by the radial arm maze. In addition to the progressive loss of TH+ cells in the substantia nigra, the appearance of proteinase K-resistant intracellular α-synuclein aggregates was also observed to develop progressively, appearing first in the olfactory bulb, then the striatum, the substantia nigra and, finally, hippocampal and cortical regions. The slowly progressive nature of this model, together with its construct, face and predictive validity, make it ideal for the screening of potential neuroprotective therapies for the treatment of PD.

Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Brain; Disease Models, Animal; Motor Activity; Neurons; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents of Melissa officinalis leaves.. The chemical constituents were separated by silica gel column chromatography and their structures were determined by spectroscopic experiments.. 13 compounds were isolated and identified as protocatechuyl aldehyde(1), serratagenic acid(2), vanillin(3), 2α,3β-dihydroxy-urs-12-en-28-oic acid(4), ursolic acid(5), oleanolic acid(6), daucosterol(7),2α,3β,23,29-tetrahydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid-29-O-β-D-gluco- pyranoside(8), luteolin(9) rosmarinic acid(10), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside (11), β-stitosterol(12) and palmitic acid(13).. Compounds 1 ~ 8 are separated from this plant for the first time and compounds 1-4 and 8 are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Cinnamates; Depsides; Melissa; Oleanolic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Rosmarinic Acid; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius.. The compounds were isolated by silica and gel column chromatographic methods and identified by spectoscopic analysis. The anti-influenza virus activities of these compounds were obtained by measuring the neuraminidase activity of influenza virus.. Five compounds were isolated and their structures were identified as blepharin(1), acteoside(2), isoverbascoside(3), daucosterol(4), and 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-stigmasterol(5).. All the compounds are isolated from the leaves of Acanthus ilicifolius for the first time, and compounds 1 ~ 3 exhibit the anti-influenza virus activities.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Antiviral Agents; Glucosides; Orthomyxoviridae; Phenols; Phytochemicals; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents of Suaeda glauca.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified with several separation and purification techniques. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic methods.. Ten compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction as lignoceric acid (1), β-amyrin-n-nonyl ether(2), β-sitosterol(3), β-daucosterol(4), quercetin(5), luteolin(6), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(7), isorhamnetin(8), scopoletin (9) and stigmasterol(10).. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are isolated from Suaeda genus for the first time and compounds 3 - 5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Chenopodiaceae; Glucosides; Luteolin; Oleanolic Acid; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents of Claoxylon indicum stems.. The chemical constituents were isolated, purified and identified by various chromatographic and spectral techniques.. Seven compounds including oleanolic acid (1), 6-amyrin(2), 7-ketositosterol(3), scopoletin(4), β-sitosterol-β-glucoside(5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6) and β-sitosterol (7) were isolated from ethanol extract of this plant stems.. Compounds 1 - 6 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Euphorbiaceae; Oleanolic Acid; Phytochemicals; Plant Stems; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Mallotus paniculaus radix.. The compounds were isolated with column chromatography. The chemical structures were identified by spectral and spectroscopic technology.. Seven compounds were isolated from the n-BuOH extract and identified as scopoletin(1), isoscopletin(2), erythordiol(3), apigenin(4), 4-methoxybenzoic acid(5), acetylaleuritolic acid(6) and β-daucosterol (7).. compounds 2 - 6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Mallotus Plant; Phytochemicals; Plant Roots; Scopoletin; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To investigate the chemical constituents of the processed products of Aconitum Vilmorinian Radix.. The constituents were isolated by repeated column chromatography over silica gel, alumina and RP-C18 as well as recrystallization. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and physicochemical properties.. Ten compounds were obtained from the methanol extract, and they were identified as yunaconitine (1), 8-deacetyl-yunaconitine (2), geniculatine C (3), vilmorrianine B (4), vilmorrianine C(5), vilmorrianine D (6), talatisamine (7), β-sitosterol (8), β-daucosterol (9) and β-sitosterol acetate (10).. All compounds are obtained from the processed products of Aconitum Vilmoriniani Radix for the first time.

Topics: Aconitine; Aconitum; Phytochemicals; Plant Roots; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis .. Aerial parts of Paris polyphylla var. chinensis was extracted with 95% EtOH, and separated and purified by silica gel, RP 18 and Sephadex LH-20 col- umn chromatography. The structures were identified by spectroscopic analysis.. A total of ten compounds were isolated and iden- tified as β-sitosterol (1) ergosta-7, 22-dien-3-one (2), β-ecdysone (3), kaempferol (4), daucosterol (5) luteolin (6) calonysterone (7), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (8), quercetin (9), and 3β, 5α, 9α-trihydroxyergosta-7, 22-dien-6-one (10).. Compounds 2,6 and 10 are isolated from Paris polyphylla var. chinensis for the first time.

Topics: Ecdysterone; Flavones; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Liliaceae; Phytochemicals; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems and branches of Sorbaria arborea.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and recrystallization. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectra analysis.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as ursolic acid (1), cucurbitacin F (2), (-) -epicatechin (3), daucosterol (4), arbutin (5), 3-O-β-anthemisol (6), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), lupeol (8), betulin (9) and lup-20 (29) -en-3β, 30-diol (10).. All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1, 6 - 8 and 10 are obtained from Sorbaria genus for the first time.

Topics: Arbutin; Catechin; Chromatography; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytochemicals; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Rosaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Panax ginseng has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for centuries. Among its various benefits is a pluripotent targeting of the various events involved in neuronal cell death. This includes anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, and anti-apoptotic effects. Indeed, ginseng extract and its individual ginsenosides have been demonstrated to influence a number of biochemical markers implicated in Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. We have reported previously that administration of the ginseng extract, G115, afforded robust neuroprotection in two rodent models of PD. However, these traditional rodent models are acute in nature and do accurately recapitulate the progressive nature of the disease. Chronic exposure to the dietary phytosterol glucoside, β-sitosterol β-d-glucoside (BSSG) triggers the progressive development of neurological deficits, with behavioral and cellular features that closely approximate those observed in PD patients. Clinical signs and histopathology continue to develop for several months following cessation of exposure to the neurotoxic insult. Here, we utilized this model to further characterize the neuroprotective effects of the ginseng extract, G115. Oral administration of this extract significantly reduced dopaminergic cell loss, microgliosis, and accumulation of α-synuclein aggregates. Further, G115 administration fully prevented the development of locomotor deficits, in the form of reduced locomotor activity and coordination. These results suggest that ginseng extract may be a potential neuroprotective therapy for the treatment of PD.

Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Animals; Cell Death; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Encephalitis; Female; Gait Disorders, Neurologic; Neuroprotective Agents; Panax; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sitosterols; Substantia Nigra

Neural stem cells (NSCs) are self-regenerating cells, but their regenerative capacity is limited. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of daucosterol (a sterolin) on the promotion of NSC proliferation and determine the corresponding molecular mechanism. Results of cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay showed that daucosterol significantly increased the quantity of viable cells and the effectiveness of daucosterol was similar to that of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). Flow cytometry detection of CFSE-labeled (CFSE, carboxyfluorescein diacetate succinimidyl ester) NSCs showed that Div Index (or the average number of cell divisions) and % Divided (or the percentage of cells that divided at least once) of the cells were increased, indicating that daucosterol increased the percentage of NSCs re-entering the cell cycle. mRNA microarray analysis showed that 333 genes that are mostly involved in the mitotic cell cycle were up-regulated. By contrast, 627 genes that are mostly involved in differentiation were down-regulated. In particular, insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) was considered as an important regulatory gene that functionally promoted NSC proliferation, and the increased expression of IGF1 protein was validated by ELISA. In addition, the phosphorylation of AKT was increased, indicating that the proliferation-enhancing activity of daucosterol may be involved in IGF1-AKT pathway. Our study provided information about daucosterol as an efficient and inexpensive growth factor alternative that could be used in clinical medicine and research applications.

Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Proliferation; Epidermal Growth Factor; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I; Neural Stem Cells; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in the root of Cocculus orbiculatus var. mollis.. The compounds were isolated by silica gel chromatography, their structures were established by spectroscopic methods.. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as wattisine A (I), O-methylcocsoline (II), (+) cocsoline (III), (+) cocsuline (IV), magnoflorine (V), sino-coculine (VI), isosinococuline (VII), (-) coclaurine (VIII), daucosterol (IX), beta-sitosterol (X) and 1-oleioyl-3-(9Z, 12Z-arachoyl) glycerol (XI).. Compound I is isolated from this genus for the first time,and compound II - XI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Alkaloids; Aporphines; Benzylisoquinolines; Cocculus; Ethanol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the rhizome of Rabdosia flavida.. The compounds were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physicochemical properties.. Ten compounds were obtained from ethyl acetate fraction of the 70% acetone extract of Rabdosia flavida rhizome and identified as ferruginol (1), dehydrocostuslactone (2), taraxasterol (3), oleic acid (4), ursolic cid (5), coniferyl aldehyde (6), oleanolic acid (7), 6,12, 15-trihydroxy-5, 8,11, 13-abietetra-7-one (8), 5α, 8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3β-ol (9), and daucosterol (10).. All the compounds are isolated from Rabdosia flavida for the first time.

Topics: Isodon; Oleanolic Acid; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Sterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Aconitum brachypodum.. The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, activated alumina and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical evidence.. Eleven compounds were isolated from 80% ethanol extract and identified as secokaraconitine (1), brachyaconitines A (2), C (3), talatisamine (4), hypaconitine (5), songrine (6), bullatine A (7), 7-carbony sitosterone (8), lupeol (9), β-sitosterol (10) and daucosterol (11).. All compounds are isolated from the aerial part of Aconitum brachypodum for the first time.

Topics: Aconitum; Dextrans; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Components, Aerial; Sitosterols

To separate and identify the chemical constituents from the stem of Schisandra chinensis.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to separate and purify the chemical constituents from 95% ethanol extraction of the stem of Schisandra chinensis. Their structures were elucidated based on the physico-chemical properties and spectral data.. Ten compounds were obtained and elucidated as (+)-deoxyschizandrin (1), γ-schizandrin (2), wuweizisu C (3), gomisin N (4), schizandrin (5), anwuweizic acid (6), (-)-dihydroguaiaretic acid (7), tetradecanoic acid (8), β-sitosterol (9) and daucosterol (10).. Compounds 6-8 are obtained from the stem of Schisandra chinensis for the first time.

Topics: Cyclooctanes; Guaiacol; Lignans; Phytochemicals; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Compounds; Schisandra; Sitosterols

To study the anti-tumor chemical components of the pericarps of Juglans mandshurica.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by AB-8 macroporous adsorption resin, silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 columns and recrystallization. The structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and NMR spectral data analysis.. From the pericarps of Juglans mandshurica, twelve compounds were separated and identified as 3-methoxy juglone(1), 3-ethoxy juglone(2), 1,8-di-hydroxy anthraquinone (3), juglone (4), 2α, 3α, 19α-trihydroxy ursolic acid (5), 1α, 3β-dihydroxy-olean-18-ene (6), methyl gallate (7), pterocarine(8), quercetin(9), kaempferol(10), daucosterol(11), and β-sitosterol(12).. Compounds 1 - 3 and 6 are isolated from the pericarps of Juglans mandshurica for the first time. Compounds 5 and 7 are isolated from Juglans genus for the first time.

Topics: Anthraquinones; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Gallic Acid; Juglans; Kaempferols; Naphthoquinones; Phytochemicals; Seeds; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from the supercritical CO2 extraction of Schisandra chinensis.. The compounds were separated and purified by conventional column chromatography and their structures were identified by spectroscopic methods.. Nine compounds were isolated from the supercritical CO2 extraction of Schisandra chinensis, and their structures were identified as chrysophanol(1),schisandrin B(2), β-sitosterol(3), schisandrin C(4),schisandrol A(5), angeloylgomisin H(6), daucosterol(7) 1, 5-dimethyl citrate (8), and shikimic acid (9).. Compounds 1, 8 and 9 are isolated from Schisandra chinensis for the first time,and compound 1 as an anthraquinone is isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Cyclooctanes; Lignans; Phytochemicals; Polycyclic Compounds; Schisandra; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Euryale ferox.. The chemical constituents were isolated by silica gel column, Sephadex LH-20 and their structures were identified by physico-chemical and spectral analysis.. Seven compounds were purified from the 95% ethanol extract. These constituents were elucidated as protocatechuic acid (1), gallic acid (2), gallic acid ethyl ester(3),5 ,7-dihydroxychromone(4), β-sitosterol(5), daucosterol(6), and 5,7-dihydroxy-6,4'-dimethoxyflavone(7), respectively.. All compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Gallic Acid; Hydroxybenzoates; Nymphaeaceae; Phytochemicals; Seeds; Sitosterols

To study chemical constituents of the roots of Lonicera macranthoides.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by means of several chromatographic techniques and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods.. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as ribenol (1), excoecarin C (2), 18-hydroxy-13-epi-manoyloxide (3), asiatic acid (4), oleanolic acid (5), β-sitosterol (6) and β-daucosterol (7).. Compounds 1-4 are obtained from this genus for the first time. Compound 5 is obtained from this plant for the first time. All the compounds are found from the roots of Lonicera mac- ranthoides for the first time.

Topics: Lonicera; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytochemicals; Plant Roots; Sitosterols

Silymarin has hepatoprotective properties and is used in treatment of various liver diseases, but its bioavailability from oral products is very poor. In order to overcome its poor oral bioavailability we have prepared silymarin loaded hepatic targeting liposomes suitable for parenteral administration. The liposomal formulations were composed of hydrogenated soy phosphatidylcholine and cholesterol with or without distearoylphosphoethanolamine-(polyethyleneglycol)-2000 and various amounts of β-sitosterol β-D-glucoside (Sito-G) as the hepatic targeting moiety. Increasing the amount of Sito-G in the liposomes gradually decreased drug encapsulation efficiencies from ∼70% to ∼60%; still showing promising drug encapsulation efficiencies. Addition of Sito-G to non-PEGylated liposomes clearly affected their drug release profiles and plasma protein interactions, whereas no effect on these was seen for the PEGylated liposomes. Non-PEGylated liposomes with 0.17 M ratio of Sito-G exhibited the highest cellular drug uptake of 37.5% for all of the studied liposome formulations. The highest cellular drug uptake in the case of PEGylated liposomes was 18%, which was achieved with 0.17 and 0.33 M ratio of added Sito-G. The liposome formulations with the highest drug delivery efficacy in this study showed hemolytic activities around 12.7% and were stable for at least 2 months upon storage in 20 mM HEPES buffer (pH 7.4) containing 1.5% Polysorbate 80 at 4 °C and room temperature. These results suggest that the Sito-G containing liposomes prepared in this work have hepatic targeting capability and that they are promising candidates for delivering silymarin to the liver.

Topics: Cholesterol; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Liposomes; Liver; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Polyethylene Glycols; Protective Agents; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Silymarin; Sitosterols

Escherichia coli O157:H7 (EHEC) is a food borne pathogen, which causes diarrhea and hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS). There is an urgent need of novel antimicrobials for treatment of EHEC as conventional antibiotics enhance shiga toxin production and potentiate morbidity and mortality.. Six bioactive compounds were isolated, identified from citrus and evaluated for the effect on EHEC biofilm and motility. To determine the possible mode of action, a series of genes known to affect biofilm and motility were overexpressed and the effect on biofilm/motility was assessed. Furthermore, the relative expression of genes involved in motility and biofilm formation was measured by qRT-PCR in presence and absence of phytochemicals, to examine the repression caused by test compounds.. The β-sitosterol glucoside (SG) was identified as the most potent inhibitor of EHEC biofilm formation and motility without affecting the cell viability. Furthermore, SG appears to inhibit the biofilm and motility through rssAB and hns mediated repression of flagellar master operon flhDC.. SG may serve as novel lead compound for further development of anti-virulence drugs.. Plant sterols constitute significant part of diet and impart various health benefits. Here we present the first evidence that SG, a plant sterol has significant effect on EHEC motility, a critical virulence factor, and may have potential application as antivirulence strategy.

Topics: Biofilms; DNA-Binding Proteins; Escherichia coli O157; Escherichia coli Proteins; Sitosterols; Trans-Activators; Transcription Factors; Virulence Factors

Lignans are diphenyl propanoids with vast range of biological activities. The present study provides an important insight into the anti-leishmanial activities of two lignan glycosides, viz. lyoniside and saracoside. These compounds inhibit catalytic activities of topoisomerase IB (LdTopIB) of Leishmania donovani in non-competitive manner and stabilize the LdTopIB mediated cleavage complex formation both in vitro and in Leishmania promastigotes and subsequently inhibit the religation of cleaved strand. These two compounds not only poison LdTopIB but also can interact with the free enzyme LdTopIB. We have also shown that lyoniside and saracoside are cytotoxic to promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes. The protein-DNA complex formation leads to double strand breaks in DNA which ultimately triggers apoptosis-like cell death in the parasite. Along with their cytotoxicity towards sodium antimony gluconate (SAG) sensitive AG83 strain, their ability to kill SAG resistant GE1 strain makes these two compounds potential anti-leishmanial candidates. Not only they effectively kill L. donovani amastigotes inside macrophages in vitro, lyoniside and saracoside demonstrated strong anti-leishmanial efficacies in BALB/c mice model of leishmaniasis. Treatment with these lignan glycosides produce nitric oxide and reactive oxygen species which result in almost complete clearance of the liver and splenic parasite burden. These compounds do not inhibit human topoisomerase IB upto 200μM concentrations and had poor cytotoxic effect on uninfected cultured murine peritoneal macrophages upto 100μM concentrations. Taken together it can be concluded that these compounds can be developed into excellent therapeutic agent against deadly disease leishmaniasis.

Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Base Sequence; DNA Primers; DNA Topoisomerases, Type I; Glycosides; Leishmania donovani; Lignans; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Sitosterols; Topoisomerase I Inhibitors

To study the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Stauntonia obovatifoliola.. The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate fraction were isolated and purified by several chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by their physiochemical properties and spectral methods.. Six known compounds were isolated and identified as lupeone(1), lupeol(2), stigmasterol(3),3beta-O-acetyloleanolic acid(4), resinone(5) and daucosterol(6).. Compounds 1-6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Components, Aerial; Rosaceae; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of Ajuga nipponensis.. The chemical constituents were isolated by repeated silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by phyisochemical properties and spectral analysis.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as:hexadecanoic acid(1), ajuforrestin A(2), beta-sitosterol(3), acacetin(4), apigenin(5), ajugamacrin B(6), ursolic acid(7), beta-ecdysone(8), 8-acetylharpagide(9) and daucosterol(10).. Compounds 1-7 and 10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ajuga; Apigenin; Flavones; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

The lipid lowering effects of ethanolic extract (BR) obtained from leaves of Bauhinia racemosa on hyperlipidemic hamsters were examined. BR showed significant lowering of lipid profile at a dose of 250 mg kg(-1) body-wt of hamster. Chloroform fraction (F2) obtained from BR showed pronounced activity at lower dose of 100 mg kg(-1). F2 gave two most active fractions (L and T) whose chromatographic separations led to the isolation of constituents 1-5, which are being reported for the first time from this natural source. The results of activity profile of the plant were found to be better than the standard drug lovastatin.

Topics: Animals; Bauhinia; Chloroform; Cricetinae; Diet, High-Fat; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hypolipidemic Agents; Lovastatin; Male; Mesocricetus; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Pouzolzia zeylanica.. Many chromatography means were used in separation and purification, and the structures of all compounds were identified by the means of spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical properties.. 14 compounds were elucidated as: beta-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), oleanolic acid (3), epicatechin (4), alpha-amyrin (5), eugenyl-beta-rutinoside (6), 2alpha, 3alpha, 19alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic (7), scopolin (8), scutellarein-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (9), scopoletin (10), quercetin (11), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (12), apigenin (13), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (14).. All compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Catechin; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glycosides; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols; Urticaceae

From the ethyl acetate extract of the seeds of Vietnamese Cnidium monnieri L., three coumarins, osthole (1), xanthotoxin (2), imperatorin (3) and a sterol, daucosterol (4) have been purified. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis. Furthermore, 8-(3-hidroxy-3-methylbutyl)-7-methoxycoumarin (5) was synthesised from osthole (1) with a good yield (80%). In addition, compound 1 and its synthesis product (5) show moderate and non-selective cytotoxic activities against four cancer cells, KB (a human epidermal carcinoma), MCF7 (human breast carcinoma), SK-LU-1 (human lung carcinoma) and HepG2 (hepatocellular carcinoma).

Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cnidium; Coumarins; Furocoumarins; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Sitosterols

Trachelospermum jasminoides (Apocynaceae) has pharmacological effects that include anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial and anti-viral activities, which have been observed from various studies. Of these pharmacological effects, the anti-inflammatory capacity of compounds from T. jasminoides is not yet known exactly. In this study, we investigated the compound that can be used for the suppression of lipopolysacchaide (LPS) stimulated inflammatory responses in macrophages among the five isolated compounds. β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside (1) was found to reduce nitric oxide (NO) production from LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells the most. In addition, compound 1 strongly inhibited the interleukin 6 (IL-6) activities of stimulated macrophages. Treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with compound 1 reduced secretion of inflammatory elements including tumour necrosis factor - alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β). Thus, compound 1 may be a useful candidate for the development of new drugs to treat endotoxemia and inflammation accompanied by the overproduction of NO.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apocynaceae; Cell Line; Interleukin-1beta; Interleukin-6; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Mice; Nitric Oxide; Sitosterols; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

5-Formylfurfuryl esters, duabanganals A-D, together with sixteen known compounds, a known 5-formylfurfuryl ester, latifolinal, eight pentacyclic triterpenes, a benzofuran derivative, an ellagic acid derivative, vanillin, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol glucoside, 3-hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamaldehyde, and 5-formylfurfurol, were isolated from the stem bark of Duabanga grandiflora. The structures of these compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis. Several of these metabolites were evaluated for cytotoxic activities against six cancer cell lines.

Topics: Alkenes; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Benzylisoquinolines; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Ellagic Acid; Esters; Furans; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Lythraceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolomics; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Stems; Sitosterols

We wanted to investigate the possible antithrom botic effects and elucidate the chemical identity of the active principles involved in inhibitory effects against adenosine diphosphate(ADP)-induced aggregation of human platelets by wild garlic, Allium ursinum L.. For this purpose, a bioassay-guided isolation procedure was used followed by spectrometric identification of pure active compounds. For the bioassay, blood was taken from healthy human volunteers and platelet-rich plasma was prepared for turbidimetric platelet aggregation tests. Platelet-rich plasma, stimulated with 20 μ mol/l of ADP, was treated with extracts of different polarities, fractions and isolated single compounds from A. ursinum. The extracts were investigated by thin-layer chromatography(TLC), HPLC, mass spectroscopy, electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and 1/2-dimensional (1)H/(13) C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic techniques.. Fresh A. ursinum leaves were extracted with ethanol, which was the potent form that effectively inhibited ADP-induced aggregation of human platelets. Thisethanolic extract was subjected to liquid-liquid partition. Whilst the aqueous phase, containing the moiety of cysteine sulphoxide and thiosulphinate derivatives, showed only weak activity on platelet aggregation, the ethyl-acetate and particularly the chloroform partitions showed the high estaggregation-inhibiting potency. Thus, in our bioassay, the effects of alliins/allicins could be neglected. The chloroform phase, possessing the strongest activity, was separated into 28 fractions by gradient-elution open column chromatography on silica gel. The most active fractions 11–17 were separated again, yielding 10 subfractions. This afforded 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol and β-sitosterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, the structures of which were determined by ESI-MS and 1/2-dimensional (1)H/(13) CNMR spectroscopic techniques. Furthermore, the minute amounts of volatile oil of A. ursinum leaves obtained by steam distillation according to Ph. Eur. could be evaluated asa third aggregation-inhibiting principle.. In our study, for the first time, 2 active, non-sulphur-containing constituents of wild garlic, namely a galactolipid and a phytosterol,could be identified exhibiting inhibitory action on ADP-induced aggregation in human blood platelets. As a major constituent, the galactolipid, 1,2-di-O-α-linolenoyl-3-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-sn-glycerol, not yet found in Allium sp., appears as a new, highly useful marker substance for A. ursinum drugs, or their pharmaceutical or food preparations,as shown by our orientating TLC analyses.

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Allium; Biological Assay; Blood Platelets; Female; Glucosides; Glycerol; Humans; Male; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Sitosterols

Carbohydrates are good source of drugs and play important roles in metabolism processes and cellular interactions in organisms. Distinguishing monosaccharide isomers in saccharide derivates is an important and elementary work in investigating saccharides. It is important to develop a fast, simple and direct method for this purpose, which is described in this study.. Stock solutions of monosaccharide with a concentration of 400 μM and sodium chloride at a concentration of 10 μM were made in water/methanol (50:50, v/v). The samples were subjected to electrospray ionization ion-trap tandem mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and the detected [2M + Na - H(2)O](+) ions were further investigated by tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS), followed by applying principal component analysis (PCA) on the obtained MS/MS data sets.. The MS/MS spectra of the [2M + Na - H(2)O](+) ions at m/z 365 for hexoses and m/z 305 for pentoses yielded unambiguous fragment patterns, while rhamnose can be directly identified by its ESI-MS [M + Na](+) ion at m/z 187. PCA showed clustering of MS/MS data of identical monosaccharide samples obtained from different experiments. By using this method, the monosaccharide in daucosterol hydrolysate was successfully identified.. A new strategy was developed for differentiation of the monosaccharides using ESI-MS/MS and PCA. In MS/MS spectra, the [2M + Na - H(2)O](+) ions yielded unambiguous distinction. PCA of the archived MS/MS data sets was applied to demonstrate the spatial resolution of the studied samples. This method presented a simple and reliable way for distinguishing monosaccharides by ESI-MS/MS.

Topics: Hexoses; Methanol; Pentoses; Principal Component Analysis; Sitosterols; Sodium Chloride; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Water

To study the chemical constituents in ethyl acetate extraction of Semen Litchi.. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 coupled with preparative silica gel TLC, their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectrum analysis.. Five compounds were isolated and identified as stigmasterol (1), P-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (2), protocatechuic acid (3), daucosterol (4) and kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5).. Compounds 2 and 5 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Fruit; Hydroxybenzoates; Kaempferols; Litchi; Molecular Structure; Seeds; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Notopterygium franchetii.. Ethanol extracts of seeds N. franchetii were separated and purified by such methods as normal and reversed phase column chromatographies and thin-layer chromatography and structurally elucidated by MS and NMR evidences.. Twenty nine compounds were separated, they were isoimperatorin (1), [3-sitosterol (2), phellopterin (3), bergapten (4), N-tetra, hexa, octacosanoylanthranilic acid (5-7), daucosterol (8), oxypeucedanin hydrate (9), umbelliferone (10), demethylfuropinnarin (11), (2S, 3S, 4R, 8E)-2-[(2'R)- 2'-hydroxydoco, trico, tetraco, entaco, hexaco sanosylamino] -octadecene-1, 3, 4-triol (12-16), (-)-oxypeucedanin (17), diosmetin (18), bergaptol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (19), nodakenin (20), 1'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2R, 3S)-3-hydroxynodakenetin (21), uracil (22), decuroside V (23), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-hydroxypsoralen (24), 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-5-methoxylpsoralen (25), diosmin (26), alaschanioside C (27), kynurenic acid (28) and mannitol (29).. All of these compounds were separated from the seeds of N. franchetii for the first time. Of them, 18, 22, 26 and 29 were firstly obtained from genus Notopterygium.

Topics: 5-Methoxypsoralen; Apiaceae; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Coumarins; Diosmin; Flavonoids; Furocoumarins; Glucosides; Kynurenic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mannitol; Methoxsalen; Seeds; Sitosterols; Uracil

To study sesquiterpenoids of Coniogramme maxima.. Chemical constituents were separated by chromatography and their structures were identified according to physicochemical property and spectrum data.. Fifteen compounds were separated by chromatography technique. Their structures were determined by spectral data, including 10 sesquiterpenoids as (3S)-pteroside D (1), epi-pterosin L (2), pterosin D (3), onitin (4), pterosin Z (5), onitisin (6), onitisin-glucopyranoside (7), onitin-15-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), (2S,3R)-pterosin-L-2'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (9) and (3R)-peterosin D-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (10). The other compounds were uracil (11), 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (12), 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (13), beta-sitosterol (14) and daucosterol (15).. The above 15 compounds are separated from C. maxima for the first time, including 9 compounds being first separated from genus Coniogramme.

Topics: Ferns; Indans; Indenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sitosterols

Twelve compounds were separated from stems of Dysoxylum laxiracemosum and their structures were identified by spectrum analysis as shoreic acid (1), cabraleahydroxylactone (2), cabralealactone (3), cinchonain (5), catechin (6), scopoletin (7), vanillic acid (8), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (9), docosanol (10), beta-sitosterol (11), daucosterol (12). Of them, compounds 1-6,8-12 were separated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 4-6 were reported from this plant genus for the first time.

Topics: Catechin; Meliaceae; Plant Stems; Scopoletin; Sitosterols; Vanillic Acid

One novel compound was isolated from the hexane extract of Choisya ternata Kunth. leaves, choisyaternatine (1), together with the known compounds tecleamaniensine A (2), lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (lupeol) (3), lup-20(29)-en-3β,24-diol (4), β-sitosterol glucoside (5), and skimmianine (6), plus the following known compounds from the dichloromethane extract, choisyine (7) and 6-methoxy-7,8-methylenedioxycoumarin (8). Compounds 2-5 are reported for the first time in this species. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data. The structure of choisyaternatine was further confirmed based on X-ray data analysis.

Topics: Alkaloids; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Quinolines; Rutaceae; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of the dichloromethane extracted from pine needles of Cedrus deodara.. Compounds were isolated and purified from the dichloromethane extract of pine needles by chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical property.. Nine compounds were isolated and purified. Their structures were identified as stigmasterol (1), oleanolic acid (2), parahydroxybenzaldehyde (3), beta-sitosterol (4), syringaresinol (5), daucosterol (6), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (7), gallicin (8) and gallic acid (9).. Compounds 1-3, 5 -9 are isolated from pine needles of this genus for the first time.

Topics: Cedrus; Furans; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methylene Chloride; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Solvents; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents from Cyathea spinulosa.. Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques. Their structures were elucidated by spectral methods.. Eight compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of Cyathea spinulosa and identified as stigmast-4-ene-3,6-dione (1), stigmast-3,6-dione (2), ergosterol (3), protocatechuic aldehyde (4), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2-hydroxyoctadecanoyl) amido]-4,8- octadecadiene-1,3-diol (5), (2S,3S, 4R)-2-[(2'R) -2'-hydroxytetracosanoylamino]-1,3,4-octadecanetriol (6), beta-sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8).. Compounds 1-6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Catechols; Cholestenones; Ergosterol; Ferns; Molecular Structure; Plant Stems; Sitosterols

Local communities in Malaysia consume Pereskia bleo Kunth. (Cactaceae) leaves as raw vegetables or as a concoction and drink as a tea to treat diabetes, hypertension, rheumatism, cancer-related diseases, inflammation, gastric pain, ulcers, and for revitalizing the body.. To evaluate anti-nociceptive activity of the extracts and vitexin, isolated for the first time in this species, in two analgesic models; formalin-induced licking and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing.. Three and a half kilos of P. bleo leaves were extracted using Soxhlet apparatus with ethanol for 72 h. The crude ethanol extract was treated with activated charcoal overnight and subjected to a liquid-liquid partition yielding hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts. All extracts, including the crude ethanol and vitexin isolated from the ethyl acetate partition were tested for peripheral anti-nociceptive activity using formalin test and acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing, besides having their acute toxicity assays performed.. The phytochemical analyses resulted in the isolation of vitexin (1), β-sitosterol glucoside (2) and β-sitosterol (3) isolated from the ethyl acetate, dichloromethane and hexane extracts, respectively. This is the first time vitexin and β-sitosterol glucoside are isolated from this species. The anti-nociceptive activities for all extracts were only moderate. Vitexin, which was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract did not show any activity in all models tested when used alone at the same concentration as it appears in the extract.. This study showed that all the extracts possess moderate anti-nociceptive activity. Vitexin is not the compound responsible for the anti-nociceptive effect in the ethyl acetate extract. Further investigations are needed to identify the compound(s) that might be responsible for the anti-nociceptive activity in this plant.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Apigenin; Behavior, Animal; Cactaceae; Formaldehyde; Male; Mice; Pain; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Toxicity Tests, Acute

To study the chemical constituents of Pileostegia viburnoides var. glabrescens.. The compounds were isolated and purified by various techniques. Their structures were determined by physicochemical properties and spectral analysis.. Five compounds were isolated and identified as friedelin (1), beta-sitosterol (2), umbelliferone (3), daucosterol (4) and skimmin (5).. All the compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Saxifragaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Umbelliferones

In order to study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii and provide references for the bio-active study, we isolated nine compounds from the dried leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were determined by application of spectroscopic (NMR, MS) and chemical methods. These compounds were isolated and identified as (+)-lyoniresinol (1), (+)-isolariciresinol (2), burselignan (3), dibutyl phthalate (4), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Phe) (5), cyclo-(S-Pro-R-Leu) (6), cyclo-(S-Pro-S-Ile) (7), 3-hydroxy-1-(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-propanone (8) and daucosterol (9). Compounds 1-3, 5-8 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Anisoles; Dibutyl Phthalate; Lignin; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Mass Spectrometry; Naphthalenes; Naphthols; Peptides, Cyclic; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Tripterygium

To study the chemical constituents from Melicope ptelefolia.. Several chromatographic methods were applied to isolate and purify compounds. Their structures were identified on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic data.. Seven compounds were isolated and elucidated as n-octadecanyl palmitate (I), beta-sitosterol (II), palmitic acid (III), 3, 5,3'-trihydroxy-8,4'-dimethoxy-7-(3-methylbut-2-enyloxy) flavone (IV), daucosterol (V), salylic acid (VI), kaempferol-3-O-alpha-D-arabinpyranoside (VII).. Compound VII is isolated from the genus for the first time, Compounds V and VI are isolated from Melicope ptelefolia for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycosides; Kaempferols; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Rutaceae; Salicylic Acid; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Exochorda racemosa.. Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, MCI gel and RP-18 column chromatography, and their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis.. Twenty compounds were isolated and identified as N-p-coumaroyl-N'-caffeoylputrescine (1), sutherlandin trans-p-coumarate (2), apigenin 7-O-methylglucuronide (3), astragalin (4), nicotiflorin (5), kaempferol 3-neohesperidoside (6), rutin (7), apigenin (8), luteolin (9), linalool-1-oic acid (10), betulalbuside A (11), ursolic acid (12) , corosolic acid (13), gynuramide II (14), beta-sitosterol (15), daucosterol (16), uridine (17), adenosine (18), syringin (19), and trans4-hydroxycinnamic acid (20), respectively.. All compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, moreover, 1 was reported as a new natural product, and 2 is a naturally rare cyanogenic glycoside.

Topics: Apigenin; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Glucuronides; Kaempferols; Luteolin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phenols; Phenylpropionates; Rosaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To investigate the chemical constituents of Kalopanax septemlobus.. Chromatographic techniques including silica gel, gel, semi-preparative HPLC and PTLC as well as recrystallization were employed in the isolation and purification, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis and physical and chemical properties.. 6 compounds were identified as liriodendrin (1), (-) -syringarenol (2), trans-coniferyl aldehyde (3), trans-caffeic acid (4), beta-daucosterol (5), beta-sitosterol (6).. Compounds 2 -5 are obtained from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Acrolein; Aldehydes; Caffeic Acids; Furans; Kalopanax; Lignans; Molecular Structure; Plant Bark; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the flowers of Ophiopogon japonicus.. Column chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate and identify the constituents.. Eleven compounds were obtained and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), diosgenin (II), daucosterol (III), ophiopogonin C' (IV), dioscin (V), 7-dihy-droxy-6-methyl-3-(4'-hydroxybenzyl) chroman-4-one(VI), luteolin (VII), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosides (VIII), kaempferol-3-O-(6"-tigloyl) -beta-D-glucopyranosides (IX), kaempferol-3-O-(6"-acetyl) -beta-D-glucopyranosides (X), glucose (XI).. Eleven compounds are obtained from the flowers of O. japonicus for the first time. Compond VI is isolated as a simple substance compound of O. japonicus for the first time. Componds VII, VIII, IX and X are isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Flavonols; Flowers; Glucosides; Luteolin; Molecular Structure; Ophiopogon; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Ligusticum jeholense.. The constituents were isolated by sillica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis.. Seven compounds were separated from the EtOH extracts. Their structures were identified as psoralen (1), beta-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (3), kaempferol-3-O-(2",4"-di-E-p-coumaroyl)-alpha-L-rhamnoside (4), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-galactoside (5), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactoside (6), sucrose (7).. Compounds 1, 4, 5 and 6 are isolated from the genus for the first time. Compounds 2, 3 and 7 are isolated from the aerial part of the plant for the first time.

Topics: Ethanol; Ficusin; Kaempferols; Ligusticum; Molecular Structure; Monosaccharides; Plant Components, Aerial; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Sucrose

To systematically study the chemical constituents in the roots of Gentiana dahurica.. Various column chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data (UV, IR, MS, NMR) and identified by comparing with the authentic substance.. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as: roburic acid (1), oleanolic acid (2), beta-sitosterol (3), daucosterol (4), gentiopicroside(5), swertiamarine (6), sweroside (7).. Compounds 1, 2 and 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Gentiana; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triterpenes

The cluster of neurodegenerative disorders in the western Pacific termed amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC) has been repeatedly linked to the use of seeds of various species of cycad. Identification and chemical synthesis of the most toxic compounds in the washed cycad seeds, a variant phytosteryl glucosides, and even more toxic cholesterol β-D-glucoside (CG), which is produced by the human parasite Helicobacter pylori, provide a possibility to study in vitro the mechanisms of toxicity of these compounds. We studied in detail the effects of CG on the respiratory activities and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by nonsynaptic brain and heart mitochondria oxidizing various substrates. The stimulatory effects of CG on respiration and ROS generation showed strong substrate dependence, suggesting involvement of succinate dehydrogenase (complex II). Maximal effects on ROS production were observed with 1 μmol CG/1 mg mitochondria. At this concentration the cycad toxins β-sitosterol-β-D-glucoside and stigmasterol-β-D-glucoside had effects on respiration and ROS production similar to CG. However, poor solubility precluded full concentration analysis of these toxins. Cholesterol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol had no effect on mitochondrial functions studied at concentrations up to 100 μmol/mg protein. Our results suggest that CG may influence mitochondrial functions through changes in the packing of the bulk membrane lipids, as was shown earlier by Deliconstantinos et al. (Biochem Cell Biol 67:16-24, 1989). The neurotoxic effects of phytosteryl glucosides and CG may be associated with increased oxidative damage of neurons. Unlike heart mitochondria, in activated neurons mitochondria specifically increase ROS production associated with succinate oxidation (Panov et al., J Biol Chem 284:14448-14456, 2009).

Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Respiration; Cholesterol; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Glucosides; Hydrogen Peroxide; In Vitro Techniques; Mitochondria; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

In the screening of selective DNA polymerase (pol) inhibitors, we isolated an acylated steryl glycoside, β-sitosteryl (6'-O-linoleoyl)-glucoside (compound 1), from the waste extract of soybean (Glycine max L.) oil. This compound exhibited a marked ability to inhibit the activities of eukaryotic Y-family pols (pols η, ι and κ), which are repair-related pols. Among mammalian Y-family pols, the activity of mouse pol κ was most strongly inhibited by compound 1, with an IC(50) value of 10.2 µM. On the other hand, compound 1 had no effect on the activities of other eukaryotic pols such as A-family (pol γ), B-family (pols α, δ, and ε), or X-family (pols β, λ and terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase) pols. In addition, compound 1 had no effect on prokaryotic pols or other DNA metabolic enzymes such as calf primase of pol α, T7 RNA polymerase, T4 polynucleotide kinase, or bovine deoxyribonuclease I. Compound 1 consists of 3 groups: β-sitosteryl (compound 2), linoleic acid (compound 3), and D-glucose (compound 4). Compound 3 inhibited the activities of all mammalian pols tested, but compounds 2 and 4 did not have any effect on the tested pols. Kinetic studies showed that the inhibition of pol κ activity by compound 1 was noncompetitive with both the DNA template-primer and nucleotide substrate, whereas compound 3-induced inhibition was competitive with the DNA template-primer and noncompetitive with the nucleotide substrate. The relationship between the structure of compound 1 and the selective inhibition of eukaryotic Y-family pols is discussed.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Design; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Molecular Conformation; Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibitors; Sitosterols; Soybean Oil

To study the chemical constituents of the Ficus microcarpa.. Isolation and identification were carried out by using various chromatography techniques and spectral methods.. Eight compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as beta-amyrone (I), lupeol (II), lupeol acetate (III), maslinic acid (IV), epifriedelinol (V), stearic acid (VI), beta-sitosterol (VI), daucosterol (VI).. Compounds I, II, VI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ficus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja albiflora.. The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analyses.. seven compounds were isolated and identified as aucubin (1), catalpol (2), acteoside (3), martynoside (4), ursolicacid (5), daucosterol (6), beta-sitosterol-3-0-beta-D-(6'-0-palmitate) glucopyranosisde (7).. All these compounds are obtained from Buddleja albiflora for the first time.

Topics: Buddleja; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phenols; Plant Components, Aerial; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Five sesquiterpenes, dehydrocostus lactone (1), santamarine (5), beta-cyclocostunolide (6), 4alpha-hydroxy-4beta-methyldihydrocostol (7) and 10alpha-hydroxyl-artemisinic acid (9), along with four other compounds, beta-sitosterol (2), daucosterol (3), 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde (4), and trans-syingin (8), were isolated and identified from the roots of Saussurea lappa (Compositae). Based on previous reports and our study, sesquiterpene derivatives are common and characteristic constituents of the genus Saussurea. Among the nine compounds obtained, 9 is a new sesquiterpene. It is an artemisinic acid derivative, whose structural skeleton has not been reported for Saussurea species before, but artemisinic acid is a common compound in another Compositae species, Artemisia annua. Dehydrocostus lactone (1) is present in high-content and is a possible bioprecursor of 10alpha-hydroxyartemisinic acid (9).

Topics: Furaldehyde; Plant Roots; Saussurea; Sesquiterpenes; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents of the stem and leaves of Tagetes erecta.. The materials extracted with ethanol were first purified with D101 resin and then separated by repeated silica gel column chromatography as well as recrystallization to get single compounds. The chemical structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties, spectroscopic analysis and comparing with standard sample and literatures.. Six compounds were identified as 4'-methoxy-eupatolitin-3-O-glucoside (I), kaempferitrin (II), rutin (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), daucosterol (V) and gallic acid (VI).. Compounds I, II, III are isolated from the plant for the first time; the compounds IV, V, VI are isolated from the stem and leaves of the plant for the first time.

Topics: Ethanol; Gallic Acid; Kaempferols; Molecular Structure; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Resins, Synthetic; Rutin; Sitosterols; Tagetes

Silica gel column chromatography was used for the isolation and purification of the chemical constituents of the pericarp of Illicium macranthum. From dichloromethane-EtOAc (1:1) fraction and EtOAc fraction of the methanol extracts, eleven compounds were identified on the basis of chemical and spectral data. Two new compounds were elucidated to be 6-deoxyneomajucin (1) and 2-oxo-6-deoxyneomajucin (2), along with nine known compounds 6-deoxypseudoanisatin (3), pseudoanisatin (4), anisatin (5), pseudomajucin (6), protocatecheuic acid (7), shikimic acid (8), shikimic acid methylester (9), beta-sitosterol (10) and daucosterol (11). Compounds 1 and 2 are new majucin-type sesquiterpene lactones.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fruit; Illicium; Lactones; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Shikimic Acid; Sitosterols; Spiro Compounds

To study the chemical constituents of Yao Medicine Cissus pteroclada.. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatography with silica gel, TLC and recrystallization. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of physicochemical properties and spectra analysis.. Six compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), bergenin (II), 11-O-galloylbergenin (III), 11-O-(4-hydroxy benzoyl) bergenin (IV), gallic acid (V), daucosterol (VI).. Compounds III and NIV are obtained from the genus for the first time. All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time except the compound II.

Topics: Benzopyrans; Cissus; Gallic Acid; Molecular Structure; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents of Pharbitis purpurea.. The constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, HPLC and recrystallization and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis.. Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as daucosterol (1), umbelliferone (2), ursolic acid (3), N-p-hydroxy-cis-coumaroyltyramine (4), N-p-hydroxy-trans-coumaroyltyramine (5), N-cis-feruloyltyramine (6), N-trans-feruloyltyramine (7), (3R, 5R, 6S, 7E, 9S)-megastigman-5,6-epoxy-7-ene-3,9-diol (8), (6S,9R)-vomifoliol (9), (+)-syringaresinol (10), isovitexin (11), syringopicroside( 12), uricil (13), (6S,9R)-roseoside (14).. Compounds 3, 8-2,14 are isolated from the genus for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Butanols; Convolvulaceae; Cyclohexanones; Glycosides; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of the root tube from Pteroxygonum giraldii.. Column chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate and identify the constituents.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), beta-sitosterol glucoside (II), 4', 5,5', 7-tetrahydroxy-3'-methoxy-3'-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl flavone (III), gallic acid (IV), myricetin (V), annulatin (VI), 5,5', 7-trihydroxy-2',3-dimethoxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl flavone (VII), 2', 5,5',7-tetrahydroxy -3-methoxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside flavone (VIII), myricetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (IX) and myricetin-3,4'-dimethyl ether( X).. Compounds I, II, V, VIII and X are isolated from Pteroxygonum giraldii for the first time.

Topics: Flavonoids; Gallic Acid; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Polygonaceae; Sitosterols

From the methanolic extract of the roots of Clerodendrum philipinum, a new rearranged abietane diterpene (1) and eight known compounds were isolated by various chromatography methods. Their structures were identified by means of spectroscopic methods, including 1D- and 2D-NMR, as 17(15-->16),18(4-->3)-bisabeo-11,12,14,16-tetrahydroxy-3,5,8,11,13,15-abietahexaen-7-one (1), binankadsurin A, clerodenoside A, martynoside, acteoside, isoacteoside, astragalin, p3-sitosterol, and daucosterol. Binankadsurin A was found for the first time from a Clerodendrum species.

Topics: Abietanes; Chromatography; Clerodendrum; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methanol; Molecular Structure; Phenols; Sitosterols

To study on the chemical constituents of Lobelia chinensis.. The coloumn chromatographic techniques were applied to isolate constituents, and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral data analysis.. Sixteen compounds were isolated and identified as daucosterol (1), diosmetin (2), apigenin (3), chrysoeriol (4), loteolin (5), hesperidin (6), loteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (7), apigenin-7-O-beta-D-glucoside (8), linarin (9), diosmin(10), 5,7-dimethoxy-8- hydroxycoumarin (11), palmitinic acid (12), lacceroic acid (13), stearic acid (14), beta-sitosterol (15), daucosterol (16).. All of these compouds were obtained from L. chinensis for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Cholestenones; Flavones; Flavonoids; Glycosides; Hesperidin; Lobelia; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of involatile moiety of Pogostemon cablin.. Compounds were isolated and purified by repeated column chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.. Nine compounds have been isolated and identified: epifriedelinol (1), 5-hydroxymethol-2-furfural (2), succinic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5), crenatoside (6), 3'''-O-methylcrenatoside (7), isocrenatoside (8), and apigenin-7-O-beta-D-(6"-p-coumaryl)-glucoside (9).. Compounds 2, 3, 6-8 were isolated from Pogostemon genus for the first time.

Topics: Caffeic Acids; Cholestenones; Furaldehyde; Glucosides; Lamiaceae; Molecular Structure; Oils, Volatile; Sitosterols; Succinic Acid

Phytochemical investigations of four Garcinia spp. from Indonesia, i.e. Garcinia griffithii T. Anderson, Garcinia celebica L., Garcinia cornea L. and Garcinia cymosa K. Schum (Clusiaceae), have resulted in the isolation of a xanthone, 1,5-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethoxy-2,7-diprenylxanthone, 1,7-dihydroxyxanthone, isoxanthochymol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside and stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside from the stem bark of G. griffithii; friedelin and 3beta-hydroxy-23-oxo-9,16-lanostadien-26-oic acid or garcihombronane D from leaves of G. celebica; 23-hydroxy-3-oxo-cycloart-24-en-26-oic acid and epicatechin from stem bark of G. cornea; (+/-)-morelloflavone, morelloflavone-7-O-beta-D-glucoside or fukugiside, the triterpene 3beta-hydroxy-5-glutinen-28-oic acid and canophyllol from stem bark of G. cymosa. The xanthone and garcihombronane D displayed a selective activity against Plasmodium falciparum; isoxanthochymol and the triterpene beta-hydroxy-5-glutinen-28-oic acid a broad but non-selective antiprotozoal activity.

Topics: Animals; Antimalarials; Antiprotozoal Agents; Benzophenones; Catechin; Flavones; Garcinia; Glucosides; Indonesia; Lanosterol; Molecular Structure; Plant Bark; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium falciparum; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes; Xanthones

To study the chemical constituents from the antioxidant fraction of Neo-Taraxacum siphonathum.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures were elucidated on the basis of chemical evidence and spectral analysis.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified from Neo-T. siphonathum, caffeic acid (1), chlorogenic acid (2), quercetin (3), luteolin (4), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-arabinofuranoside (6), quercetin-3-O-alpha-D-arabinopyranoside (7), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8), beta-sitosterol (9) and daucosterol (10).. Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Caffeic Acids; Chlorogenic Acid; Glucosides; Luteolin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Taraxacum

Hepatitis B virus triggers an increase of NF-kappaB inducing kinase (NIK)-dependent NF-kappaB activation, followed by the promotion of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Here, we examined the inhibitory effect of NIK-specific siRNA on NF-kappaB signaling and HCC. The results of this study indicated that these siRNAs suppressed HBV-derived HCC by regulating NIK activation. To exert a protective effect from degradation enzyme, cationic liposomes were contrived and modified to contain beta-sitosterol glucoside to target the asialoglycoprotein receptors in liver cancer cells. The cationic dimyristoyl diacyltrimethylammonium propane liposomes were prepared by a reverse-phase evaporation method with slight modification. beta-Sitosterol glucoside was added to the lipid mixture at the beginning of the liposome preparation for the purpose of liver targeting. These liposomes assisted the delivery of the siRNA to specific cells and protected it from various lyases, followed by the ultimate suppression of HCC.

Topics: Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Genetic Therapy; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Humans; Lipids; Liposomes; Liver Neoplasms; Lyases; NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase; Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases; RNA Interference; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Small Interfering; Sitosterols; Time Factors; Transfection

To study the chemical constituents of polyphenols in seed of Litchi chinensis.. The seeds of Litchi chinensis were extracted by 65% ethanol, then the compounds were separated by repeated silica gel, polyamide and preparative TLC. The structures of polyphones isolated were identified by analysis of their spectral datas and chemical properties.. Four polyphones compounds were isolated as protocatechuic aldehyde (I), protocatechuic acid (II), daucosterol (III) and (-) -epicatichin (IV).. Compounds I , III and IV are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Catechin; Catechols; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Ethanol; Flavonoids; Hydroxybenzoates; Litchi; Molecular Structure; Phenols; Polyphenols; Seeds; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in the leaves and stems of Aconitum coreanum.. The isolation and purification of chemical constituents were carried out on silica gel and polyamide column chromatographic. Their structures were identified by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.. Five compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as guan-fu base I (1), guan-fu base R (2), beta-sitosterol (3), D-mannitol (4), daucosterol (5).. Compound 2 is a new compound. Compounds 1 and 3, 4 are isolated from the leaves and stems of A. coreanum for the first time.

Topics: Aconitum; Molecular Structure; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in roots of Saussurea lappa.. Isolation and purification were carried out by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-18 column chromatography. The chemical structures of constituents were elucidated on the basis of spectral data.. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as: 5,7-dihydroxy-2-methylchromone (1), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (3), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-acetophenone (4), ethyl 2-pyrrolidinone-5(s)-carboxylate (5), 5-hydroxymethyl-furaldehyde (6), palmitic acid (7), succinic acid (8), glucose (9), daucosterol (10), beta-sitosterol (11).. Compounds 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 9 were isolated from the genus Saussurea for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Palmitic Acid; Plant Roots; Pyrrolidinones; Saussurea; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents from aerial part of Paraboea glutinosa.. The compounds were isolated with silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral data analysis.. Five compounds were isolated and identified as 2alpha, 3beta, 19alpha, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate(24-hydroxytormentic acid,1), glucosyl-2alpha, 3beta, 19alpha, 24-tetrahydroxyurs-12-en-28-oate (24-hydroxytormentic acid ester glucoside,2), 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl (1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-24-hydroxytormentic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5).. All these compounds were isolated from the genus Paraboea for the first time.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Dextrans; Glycosides; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Plant Stems; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Ipomoea batatas.. The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel and TLC, and their structures were elucidated by spectroscopy.. Six compounds were isolated from 90% ethanol extract and identified as tetracosane (I ), myristic acid (II), beta-sitosterol (II), beta-carotene (IV), daucosterol (V) and quercetin (VI).. Compounds I, II, IV, V are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Alkanes; Ipomoea batatas; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Myristic Acid; Plant Leaves; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents of the root and rhizoma of Ligusticum jeholense.. The constituents were isolated by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectral analysis.. Seven compounds were separated from the EtOH extracts. Their structures were identified as levistolide A (1), xiongterpene (2), linoleic acid (3), sucrose (4), daucosterol (5), ferulic acid (6) and beta-sitosterol (7).. Compounds 1-5 are isolated from the genus for the first time.

Topics: Benzofurans; Coumaric Acids; Ligusticum; Linoleic Acid; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Sucrose; Terpenes

To study the chemical constituents of the peels collected from Citrus changshan-huyou Y. B. Chang, and further screen the bioactive components as the lead structures.. These compounds were isolated by repeated flash column chromatography on silica gel and Sephadex LH-20. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by using IR, EIMS, and NMR analyses.. One novel compound along with nine known compounds were obtained and identified as huyoujiasu(I), 3-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzoic acid(II), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzoic acid(III), fatty acid(IV), glyceride(V), 6, 7-dimethoxycoumarin(VI), 6', 7'-dihydroxybergamottin(VII), daucossterol A(VIII), daucossterol B(IX) and huyou-triterpenoid(X).. One new compound, Huyoujiasu, was obtained from these peels by repeated column chromatography, and the other known compounds were isolated from this fruit for the first time as well.

Topics: Chromatography; Citrus; Coumarins; Fruit; Hydroxybenzoates; Phenols; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of the fruit handles from Schizandra chinensis.. Compounds from the 85% ethanol extracts were isolated by silica gel, Sephadex LH-20, recrystal, etc., and their structures were identified by the spectral analysis and chemical evidence.. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as wuweizisu C (I), ganwuweizic acid(II), beta-sitosterol(III), gomisin A(IV), schizandrin(V), daucosterol(VI), wuweizisu A(VII), gamma-schizandrin (VIII).. Compounds I - VIII are isolated from the fruit handles of Schizandra chinensis for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cyclooctanes; Dioxoles; Fruit; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Compounds; Schisandra; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the petroleum ether fraction of Buxus microphylla.. The petroleum ether fraction of Buxus microphylla was isolated and identified by silica gel column chromatography. And the anticancer activity of different chemical constituents was measured by MTT reduction test.. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as lupeol (1), butulin (3), beta-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), dibutyl phthalate (6), 3beta, 30-dihydroxy-lup-20 (29) ene (7), daucosterol (8). Compound 7 inhibited KB cells' proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.. Compounds 2 - 5, 7, 8 are isolated from this genus for the first time. Compound 7 has certainly anticancer effects.

Topics: Buxus; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dibutyl Phthalate; Ethers; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents of the fruit of Xylocarpus granatum.. The chemical constituents were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by NMR spectra and physicochemical properties.. Ten compounds were isolated from the fruit of Xylocarpus granatum and the structures of them were identified as spicatin (1), xyloccensin K(2), 6-acetoxycedrodorin (3), aurantiamide acetate (4), (+)-catechin (5), alpha-tocopherol (6), abscisic acid (7), daucosterol (8), 4-hydroxybenzoic acid (9) and ethyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate (10).. Compound 4 -10 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Abscisic Acid; alpha-Tocopherol; Catechin; Dipeptides; Ethanol; Fruit; Meliaceae; Parabens; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

An activity-guided fractionation method was used to isolate anticancer components from Nuruk (Rhizopus oryzae KSD-815:KSD-815). Dried powder of KSD-815 was extracted with 80% methanol and partitioned successively using nhexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. The n-hexane and n-butanol fractions showed a strong antimigratory effect on human cancer cells. Both of these fractions were subjected to separation and purification procedures using silica gel, octadecyl silica gel, and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies to afford four purified compounds. These were identified as ergosterol peroxide (1), stigmast- 5-en-3beta,7beta-diol (2), ergosta-7,22-dien-3beta,5alpha,6beta,9alpha-tetraol (3), and daucosterol (4), respectively, by spectroscopic methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry, mass spectrometry, and infrared spectroscopy, and comparison with those in the literature. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from KSD-815 for the first time. Compounds 1 and 4 inhibited the migration of MDA-MB-231 cells at concentrations lower than 20 micronM.

Topics: Breast Neoplasms; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Movement; Edible Grain; Ergosterol; Female; Food Microbiology; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Rhizopus; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Sterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents from Clematis brevicaudata.. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis (NMR).. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as: palmitic acid (1), 1-docosanol (2), pentacosanoic acid-2', 3'-dihydroxypropyl ester (3), beta-sitosterol (4), daucosterol (5), a mixture of the trans-p-coumarate of the n-alkanols (6), 3,4-dihydroxy-trans coumatate ethyl ester (7), syringaresinol-O-D-glucopyranoside (8).. All these compounds are obtained from Clematis brevicaudata for the first time.

Topics: Clematis; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Choerospondias axillaries.. All compounds were isolated and purified by normal column chromatograph, paper thin layer chromatograph and sephadex chromatograph, the chemical strucures were mainly elucidated by ESI-MS and NMR spectra.. seven compouds were isolated from the Choerospondias axillaries and as following: beta-sitostero (I), hexadecanoic acid (II), correctitude fourty-two alkyl acid (III), daucosterol (IV), quercetin (V), rutinum (VI), lueolin-3'-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (VII).. Compounds II, III, V, VII are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Anacardiaceae; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Plant Bark; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

To study the chemical constituents of ethyl acetate extract from the roots of Actinidia chrysantha.. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate the compounds from ethyl acetate extract from the roots of Actinidia chrysantha and chemical and spectral methods were used to elucidate the structures of the isolated compounds.. Five compounds were identified as stigmast-3, 6-dione (I), beta-sitosterol (II), ursolicacid (III), beta-daucosterol (IV), 2alpha, 3beta, 23-triol-12-en-28-ursolic acid (V).. Those compounds are obtained from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Actinidia; Cholestenones; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study chemical constituents of Changium smyrnioides Wolff.. The chemical components were isolated and purified by silica gel column and recrystallization. The chemical structures were elucidated on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as lignoceric acid (1), beta-sitosterol (2), stigmasterol (3), 5-hydroxy-8-methoxypsoralen (4), glycerylmonopalmitate (5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6), succinic acid (7), vanillic acid-4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (8 ), vanillic acid (9), daucosterol (10).. Compounds 1, 4, 5, 6, 8 and 9 are obtained from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Apiaceae; Fatty Acids; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Succinic Acid; Vanillic Acid

To study chemical compounds from Pinus koraiensis.. The constituents were isolated by chromatographic method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral alanlysis.. Eight compounds were identified as 8 (14)-podocarpen-13-on-18-oic acid (1), 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid (2), 12-hydroxyabietic acid (3), lambertianic acid (4), dehydroabietic acid (5), sandaracopimaric acid (6), beta-sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8).. Compounds 1--6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Abietanes; Carboxylic Acids; Diterpenes; Fruit; Molecular Structure; Naphthalenes; Pinus; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the seeds of Allium cepa L., the constituents of the seeds of Allium cepa L.. To isolate and purify by silica gel, macroporous resin HP-20, Sephadex LH-20, RP-18 column.. Seven compounds were isolated from the EtOH extract of the seeds of Allium cepa., their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis as tianshic acid (I), N-trans-feruloyl tyramine (II), beta-sitosterol-3 beta-glucopyranoside-6'-palmitate (III), sitosterol (IV), daucosterol (V), tryptophane (VI), adenine riboside (VI).. Compounds V-VIII are obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds I-IV are isolated from the genus Allium for the first time.

Topics: Adenosine; Ethanol; Onions; Seeds; Sitosterols; Tryptophan

To study the chemical constituents of flower buds of Lonicera macranthoides.. The 90% EtOH extract of Lonicera macranthoides. was successively partitioned with petroleum ether and ethyl acetete.. Repeated column chromatography of the ethyl acetete fraction afforded the following compounds (1-9): ginnol (1), triacontanol (2), ursolic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), triacontane (5), palmitic acid (6), beta-daucosterol (7), 3-decyl-3-octyldocosan-1-ol (8), 3-dodecyl-3-nonyldocosan-1-ol (9). All compounds except 4 are isolated from this plant for the first time while compounds 2, 3, 5, 8 and 9 are their first time been isolated from genus Lonicera.

Topics: Fatty Alcohols; Flowers; Lonicera; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Palmitic Acid; Paraffin; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of Rhizoma Cyperi.. The constituents were separated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, their structures were identified on the basis of physico-chemical properties and spectral data.. Six compounds were isolated and identified as physicion (1), hexadecanoic acid (2), beta-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4), catenarin (5), daucosterol (6).. Compounds 1, 4, 5 were isolated from this plant for the first fime.

Topics: Cyperus; Emodin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents of leaves of Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl.. The constituents were isolated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis.. The compounds were identified as mimulone (I), apigenin (II), luteolin (III), 2alpha, 3beta, 19beta-trihydroxyurs-28-O-beta-D-galactonopyranos ylester (anserinoside, IV), 3alpha-hydroxyl-ursolicacid (V), ursolicacid (VI), daucosterol (VII), beta-sitosterol (VIII).. The compounds I - V are obtained from leaves of Paulownia fortunei (Seem.) Hemsl for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; China; Luteolin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sapogenins; Scrophulariaceae; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Dendobium crystallinum.. Compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.. Nine compounds were obtained and identified as: 4, 4'-dihydroxy-3, 5-dimethoxybi-benzyl (1), gigantol (2), naringenin (3) , p-hydroxybenzoic acid (4), n-tetracosyl trans-p-cou-marate (5), n-octacosy trans-p-coumarate (6), n-hexacosyl trans-ferulate (7), stigmasterol (8), daucosterol (9).. All these compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, compounds 1 and 4 were isolated firstly from the genus.

Topics: Bibenzyls; Chromatography; Dendrobium; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Guaiacol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Parabens; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To isolate and identify the chemical constituents of 95% alcohol extract from Swertia delavayi.. The compounds were isolated and purified by column chromatogrphy and their structures were identified by the physicochemical properties and spectral analyses.. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as oleanolic acid (1), gentiopcroside (2), swertiamarin (3), daucosterol (4), swertiadecoraxanthone-II (5), isovitexin (6), isoorientin (7).. Compounds 2-7 were isolated from S. delavayi for the first time. While the compound 6 was firstly reported from the genus Swertia.

Topics: Apigenin; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Luteolin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oleanolic Acid; Pyrones; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Swertia

To study the chemical constituents from the active fractions against HIV in vitro, a crude ethanolic extract of Illicium simonsii.. The compounds were isolated with column chromatography methods. MS and NMR spectroscopic methods were used to determine the structures of the compounds.. Seven compounds were isolated from the active fractions against HIV in vitro of the 90% ethanol extract and their structures were elucidated as (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), (+)-catechin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (3), kaempferol 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (4), quercetin 3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside (5), erigeside C (6) and daucosterol (7).. Seven compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, but none of them exhibited active against HIV in vitro. Compounds 3 and 6 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Catechin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ethanol; Glycosides; Illicium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Rhamnose; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in the aerial part of Reineckea carnea.. The compounds were isolated by extraction, silica gel, gel, and reversed-phase silica gel coloum chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography. The structures were identified by various spectroscopic methods including 1D and 2D NMR spectrum, MS, IR, etc.. Six compounds were isolated and identified as 1alpha, 3beta-dihydroxy-5beta-pregn-16-en-20-one-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (1), syringaresinol-beta-D-glucoside (2), sophoraflavone B (3), stigmast-5, 22-dien-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (4), daucosterol (5), a-D-glucose (6).. Compound 1 was a new compound, coumpounds 2-6 were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Glucose; Glucosides; Hydroxyprogesterones; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Plant Components, Aerial; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

To study the ethyl acetate soluble constituents from the water extractive of Huanglian Jiedutang decoction, which are composed of Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri and Fructus Gardeniae, and provide substances foundation for its pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic investigation.. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by NMR and MS techniques.. Thirty-five compounds were isolated, among which twenty compounds have been identified as beta-sitosterol (1), oroxylin A (2), wogonin (3), ursolic acid (4), skullcapflavone I (5), tenaxin I (6), skullcapflavone II (7), limonin (8), 5, 2'-dihydroxy-6, 7, 8, 3'-tetramethoxyflavone (9), chrysin (12), baicalein (17), tenaxin II (19), 5, 7, 2'-trihydroxy-6, 8-dimethoxyflavone (21), shihulimonin A (22), 6, 2'-dihydroxy-5, 7, 8, 6'-tetramethoxyflavone (26), viscidulin II (28), 5, 7, 4'-trihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone (29), 5, 7, 2', 6'-tetrahydroxyflavone (30), wogonin-7-O-beta-D-glucuronide methyl ester (31) and daucosterol (34).. On the basis of reported results of the chemical constituents of Rhizoma Coptidis, Radix Scutellariae, Cortex Phellodendri and Fructus Gardeniae, it was estimated that all flavonoid compounds rised from the Radix Scutellariae, and compounds 8 and 22 rised from Cortex Phellodendri. Compound 22 was identified in the Cortex Phellodendri for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavanones; Flavones; Flavonoids; Limonins; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To investigate the chemical constituents of the aerial parts of Ammopiptanthus mongolicus.. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods. The structures were identified by spectral data.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as m-hydroxybenzoic acid (1), 1-(4-hydroxyphenyl) ethanone (2), beta-sitosterol (3), (-)-syringaresinol (4), (+)-lariciresinol (5), blumenol A (6), blumenol B (7), beta-daucosterol (8), coniferin (9), syringin (10).. The ten compounds were obtained from the genus Ammopiptanthus for the first time.

Topics: Cinnamates; Cyclohexanones; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fabaceae; Glucosides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Phenylpropionates; Plant Components, Aerial; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Botrychium lanuginosum.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectroscopic methods.. Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% ethanol extract of the herb of B. lanuginosum and their structures were elucidated as 30-nor-21beta-hopan-22-one (1), beta-sitosterol (2), luteolin (3), thunberginol A (4), apigenin (5), (6'-O-palmitoyl)-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (6), daucosterol (7), 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S, 3R, 4E, 8Z)-2-[(2R-hydroxy hexadecanoyl) amino]-4, 8-octadecadiene-1, 3-diol (8), luteolin-7-O-glucoside (9), sucrose (10).. Compounds 1-10 were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Chromatography; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ferns; Isocoumarins; Luteolin; Sitosterols; Sucrose

To study the chemical constituents of Elaeocarpus sylvestris.. The compounds were isolated by chromatographic methods and their structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.. Six compounds were isolated and identified as: 2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (1), coniferyl alcohol (2), umbelliferone (3), scopoletin (4), beta-sitosterol (5), daucosterol (6).. All above compounds are isolated from Elaeocarpus Genus for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Catechols; Elaeocarpaceae; Phenols; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Scopoletin; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Umbelliferones

To study the chemical constituents of cultivated Cistanche salsa.. Compounds were isolated and purified on several chromatography, and then were identified by physico-chemical properties and structurally elucidated by spectral analysis.. Seven compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), daucosterol (II), beta-sitosteryl glucoside 3'-O-heptadecoicate (III), 8-hydroxygeraniol 1-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV), 2-methanol-5-hydroxy-pyridine (V), betaine (VI), galactitol (VII).. The chemical constituents of artificial cultivated Cistanche salsa are studied for the first time. Among them, compound III and IV are isolated from the plant for the first time, compound V is isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Betaine; Cistanche; Glucosides; Plants, Medicinal; Pyridoxine; Sitosterols

Two new and seven known withanolides along with beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside, stigmasterol glucoside, alpha+beta glucose were isolated from the roots of Withania somnifera. Among the known compounds, Viscosa lactone B, stigmasterol, stigmasterol glucoside and alpha+beta glucose are being reported from the roots of W. somnifera for the first time. One of the new compounds contained the rare 16beta-acetoxy-17(20)-ene the other contained unusual 6alpha-hydroxy-5,7alpha-epoxy functional groups in the withasteroid skeleton. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and chemical transformations.

Topics: Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Withania; Withanolides

Epidemiological studies of the Guamanian variants of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and parkinsonism, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), have shown a positive correlation between consumption of washed cycad seed flour and disease occurrence. Previous in vivo studies by our group have shown that the same seed flour induces ALS and PDC phenotypes in out bred adult male mice. In vitro studies using isolated cycad compounds have also demonstrated that several of these are neurotoxic, specifically, a number of water insoluble phytosterol glucosides of which beta-sitosterol beta-D: -glucoside (BSSG) forms the largest fraction. BSSG is neurotoxic to motor neurons and other neuronal populations in culture. The present study shows that an in vitro hybrid motor neuron (NSC-34) culture treated with BSSG undergoes a dose-dependent cell loss. Surviving cells show increased expression of HSP70, decreased cytosolic heavy neurofilament expression, and have various morphological abnormalities. CD-1 mice fed mouse chow pellets containing BSSG for 15 weeks showed motor deficits and motor neuron loss in the lumbar and thoracic spinal cord, along with decreased glutamate transporter labelling, and increased glial fibrillary acid protein reactivity. Other pathological outcomes included increased caspase-3 labelling in the striatum and decreased tyrosine-hydroxylase labelling in the striatum and substantia nigra. C57BL/6 mice fed BSSG-treated pellets for 10 weeks exhibited progressive loss of motor neurons in the lumbar spinal cord that continued to worsen even after the BSSG exposure ended. These results provide further support implicating sterol glucosides as one potential causal factor in the motor neuron pathology previously associated with cycad consumption and ALS-PDC.

Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Caspase 3; Cells, Cultured; Corpus Striatum; Dementia; Diet; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Male; Mice; Motor Neurons; Parkinsonian Disorders; Sitosterols; Spinal Cord; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase

To investigate the anti-HIV constituents from the root of Mirabilis jalapa.. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel, Sephadex LH - 20, MCI-gel CHP-20P and RP-18. The structure were identified by means of NMR and MS analyses (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS).. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as astragaloside II (1), astragaloside II (2), astragaloside IV (3), astragaloside VI (4), flazin (5), 4'-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydroflavone 7-beta-D-glucopyranoside (6), gingerglycolipid A (7), 3, 4-dihydroxybenzaldehyd (8), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (9), beta-sitosterol (10) and daucosterol (11).. Compounds 1-9 were obtained from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Carbolines; Chromatography, Gel; Furans; Galactolipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Mirabilis; Plant Roots; Sitosterols

In the present study, we investigated immunomodulatory effect of daucosterol, a beta-sitosterol glycoside, against disseminated candidiasis caused by Candida albicans. Results showed that direct interaction of daucosterol with C. albicans yeast cells resulted in no growth-inhibition by in vitro susceptibility analysis. In contrast, mice given daucosterol (DS) intraperitoneally before intravenous challenge with live C. albicans yeast cells survived longer than DS-untreated control mice against disseminated candidiasis (P<0.05). By assessment of the fungal CFU in kidneys, DS-treated mice before the challenge developed about 81% fewer kidney CFU than untreated controls. This protection was removable by pretreatment of mice with anti-CD4+ antibody before the DS-treatment and challenge with the yeast. However, the protection was transferable by the CD4+ T cells from DS-treated mice not infected with the yeast. ELISA analysis revealed there were predominant production of IFNgamma and IL-2 cytokines as compared to IL-4, and IL-10 productions in DS-treated mice. By treatment of DS-given mice with anti-mouse IFNgamma, the protection was also abolished. Our studies show that DS protects mice against disseminated candidiasis by the CD4+ Th1 immune response.

Topics: Animals; Astragalus propinquus; Candida albicans; Candidiasis; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes; Cytokines; Female; Lymphocyte Activation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Sitosterols; Th1 Cells

To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Craibiodendron henryi.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the constituents. The structures were elucidated by chemical evidence and spectral methods.. Twelve compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble fraction of the 95% ethanolic extract and their struc- tures were elucidated as quercetin (1), quercetin-3-O-rhamnicoside (2), quercetin-3-O-arabinofuranoside (3), (-)-epicatechin (4), proanthocyanidin A-2 (5), procyanidin B-2 (6), (-)-isolariciresinol-2a-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (7), lyoniside (8), sitoster-yl-3beta-glucoside-6'-O-palmitate (9), beta-sitosterol (10), daucosterol (11) and octacosanoic acid (12).. Compounds 1-12 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Biflavonoids; Catechin; Ericaceae; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Proanthocyanidins; Quercetin; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Serissa serissoides.. Chemical constituents were isolated with the column chromatographic methods including silica gel and sephadex LH -20, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of their spectral and chemical evidences.. Eight compounds were obtained and were identified as: palmitic acid (1), corosolic acid (2), daucosterol (3), urs-12-en-28-ol (4), oleanolic acid (5), uroslic acid (6), 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzoic acid (7), and 2,6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone (8).. Except compound 5, other seven compounds were found from the genus Serissa for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Gel; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Rubiaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Arctotis arctotoides is a perennial herb used medicinally for the treatment of various ailments in the Eastern Cape, South Africa. Different extracts of the plant were investigated for their antimicrobial constituents. This led to the isolation and identification of a new daucosterol derivative 3-O-[beta-D-(6'-nonadeanoate)glucopyranosyl]-beta-sitosterol and seven known compounds namely: serratagenic acid, stigmasterol, daucosterol, zaluzanin D, dehydrocostuslactone, nepetin, and pedalitin. The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis, including homo and hetero nuclear correlation NMR experiments (COSY, NOESY, HMQC, HMBC) and mass spectra as well as by comparison with available data in the literature. The compounds exhibited antibacterial activity except stigmasterol, daucosterol and dehydrocostuslactone. Nepetin was the most active against Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus with the minimum inhibitory concentrations of 4 microg mL( - 1) and 31 microg mL( - 1), respectively, while others exhibited moderate activity.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Asteraceae; Bacillus subtilis; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Staphylococcus aureus

To study the chemical constituents of Isodon macrophyllus.. Compounds were spearated and purified by silica gel column chromatography and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidences.. Six compounds were obtained from EtOAc extract of leaves of Isodon macroplhllus and identified as rabdophyllin H(I), lushan-ruhescensins F(II), maovecrystal J(III), Taibaijap onicain A(IV), rabdosinate(V), dancostero(VI).. Co mpounds II-IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Diterpenes; Diterpenes, Kaurane; Isodon; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in the whole herb of Anoectochiluts roxburghii (Wall) Lindl.. The chemical constituents were isolated by various column chromatographic methods and structurally elucidated by IR, NMR and MS evidences.. Fourteen compounds were obtained and there into ten were identified as beta-sitosterol(2), ferulic acid(3), oleanolic acid(6), lanosterol(7), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde(8), 3-methoxyl-p-hydroxybenzaldehlde(9), daucosterol(10),3',4',7-trimethoxy-3, 5-dihydroxyflavone(11), isorhamnetin-3-O-beta-D-rutinoside(12) and rutin(13).. Compounds 6,7,9 and 11 from genera Anoeetochilus were isolated for the first time.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Flavones; Lanosterol; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Orchidaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents of Oxytropis chiliophylla.. The air-dried whole plants of O. chiliophylla were extracted with EtOH (90%) three times at room temperature. The compounds were isolated by silica-gel, polyamide, C-18 and Sphadex LH -20 columns. The structures were identified based on spectral analysis.. 8 compounds were isolated from O. chiliophylla and identified as azukisapogenol (1), (22E, 24R) -24-methyl-5alpha-cholesta-7, 22-diene-3beta, 5alpha, 6beta-triol (2), apigein (3), 3', 4'-dimethoxy-quercetin-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (4), 7, 3', 4'-trimethoxy-quercetin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (5), (2S, 3S, 4R)-N-[(R)-2'-hydroxytetracosanoyl]-1, 3, 4-trihydroxy-2-amino-octadeca-6-ene (6), beta-sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8).. All the compounds were isolated from O. chiliophylla for the first time.

Topics: Oxytropis; Plants, Medicinal; Sapogenins; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of the ethyl acetate portion in the herb of Nervilia fordii from guangxi.. The constituents were separated and purified by using column chromatography with silica gel. These compounds were identified by their physical and spectral data.. Five compounds were isolated and identified as norleucine (crystal I), 24 (S/beta)-dihydrocycloeucalenol-(E)-p-hydroxy cinnamate (crystal II) , rhamnocitrin (crystal III), rhamnazin (crystal IV), daucosterol (crystal V).. Compounds I , II, III, IV, V were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Flavonoids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Norleucine; Orchidaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Gueldenstaeditia stenophylla.. The constituents were isolated by alcohol extraction, column chromatography on silica gel. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.. Six compounds were obtained, and five of them were identified as n-hexadecanioc acid (I), beta-sitosterol (II), daucosterol (III), apigenin (IV), D-fructose (VI). Compound V was being determined.. Five compounds are isolated from Gueldenstaedtia stenophylla and compounds I, III are extracted from Gueldenstaedtia Fisch for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Fabaceae; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents of Heterosmilax yunianensis.. The compounds were isolated and repeatedly purified with chromatograph and the structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.. Eight compounds were obtained and elucidated as beta-sitosterol (I), glycerol monopalmitate (II), daucosterol (IIl), hexacosanoic acid (IV), 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (V), hergapen (VI), ursolic acid (VII), liquiritigenin (VIII).. They have been isolated from this plant for the first time, and IV - VIII are obtained from the plants of Heterosmilax for the first time.

Topics: Fatty Acids; Flavanones; Lactones; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Smilacaceae; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of Phlomis younghusbandii.. Compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract by silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were identified by physical and chemical evidences and spectral methods.. Eight compounds were isolated and identified respectively as 8-acetylshanzhiside methyl ester (1), shanzhiside methyl ester (2), phlomiol (3), 2-butoxy-2-(hydroxymthyl) tetrahydro-2H-3,4,5-pyrantriol (4), sesamoside (5), pulchelloside-I (6), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7) and daucosterol (8).. All the compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Lamiaceae; Luteolin; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrans; Sitosterols; Tibet

Six compounds were isolated and purified from Orobanche coerulescens by extraction and different kinds of column chromatography. The structures were determined on the basis of spectral analysis. The structures were elucidated as D-mannitol(I), beta-sitosterol(II), succinic acid(III), caffeic acid(IV), protocatechuic aldehyde(V) and daucosterol(VI). All compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Caffeic Acids; Catechols; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Ethanol; Mannitol; Orobanche; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Succinic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of Taxillus sutchuenenisis (Lecomte) Danser.. Chromatography and spectrum analysis were employed to isolated and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. 9 compounds were isolated and identified as quercetin (I), quervetin 3-O-beta-D-galactoside (II), isoquercitrin (III), quercitrin (IV), rutin (V), gallic acid (VI), ferulic acid (VII), beta-sitosterol (VIII), daucosterol (IX), respectively.. Compounds III-IX are isolated from this plant for the first time. The work provide evidence for the exploitation and utilization of this plant resouce.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Gallic Acid; Loranthaceae; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Rhizome; Rutin; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To investigate the chemical constituents from aerial part of Curcuma wenyujin.. Compounds were isolated by repeated column chromatography on silica gel. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis and comparison with literature data.. Six compounds were isolated and identified as codonolactone (1), voleneol (2), octacosanoic acid (3), beta-sitosterol (4), mangdesisterol (5), and daucosterol (6).. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Curcuma; Fatty Acids; Phytosterols; Plant Components, Aerial; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sitosterols

A fraction from the ethanol extract of the Peruvian medicinal plant Mauria heterophylla (Anacardiaceae) showed antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli 35992, Staphylococcus aureus 20213 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa 15442. Further fractionation led to the isolation and characterization of ethyl gallate as the antibacterial active compound.

Topics: Anacardiaceae; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Gallic Acid; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Molecular Structure; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents form stem bark of Wikstroemia indica.. The constituents were isolated by column chromatography on silica gel and ODS, and identified by spectroscopic methods.. Seven compounds, daphnoretin (I), tricin (II), daucosterol (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), umbelliferone (V), genkwanin (VI), and 6'-hydroxy, 7-O-7'-dicoumarin (VII), were isolated and identified.. Compound VII was a new compound and compounds III, V were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Coumarins; Molecular Structure; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Umbelliferones; Wikstroemia

To investigate the chemical constituents from the root of Lasianthus acuminatissimus of Rubiaceae.. Normal, reverse phase silica gel, macroporous resin column and HPLC chromatography were used for isolation. Spectroscopic methods (13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, DEPT, EI-MS) were used for identification.. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as isoscopletin(I), isoscopletin-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II), beta configuration of Mudanoside-A (Ill), asperuloside (IV), (-)-pinoresinol 4-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (V), daucosterol (VI).. These compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Cyclopentane Monoterpenes; Glucosides; Glycosides; Lignans; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Pyrans; Rubiaceae; Sitosterols

The rhizoma samples of Rhodiola dumulosa were cut into fragments and extracted by 95% EtOH. This extract was successively extracted with Et2O, EtOAc, n-BuOH. Five compounds were obtained from the EtOAc fraction. The structures were identified as beta-sitosterol glucoside (I), chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (II), rhodionin (III), crenuloside (IV), herbacetin-7-O-(3"-beta-D-glucopyranosyl)-alpha-L-rhamnoside (V). Chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and crenuloside of compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time, and chrysophanol-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside was obtained from Rhodiola Linn for the first time.

Topics: Glucosides; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Rhodiola; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the constituents from roots of Euphorbia hylonoma.. Column chromatographic techniques were used for isolation and purification of the chemical constituents and their structures were identified by spectral analysis (IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 2D-NMR and MS).. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as nonane (1), bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (2), euphol (3), beta-sitosterol (4), acalyphol (5) and daucosterol (6) respectively.. Compounds 1, 2, 3, 5 and 6 were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Alkanes; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Euphorbia; Lanosterol; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from Serissa serissoides DC. roots.. Seven compounds were obtained from the 80% ethanol extract of Serissa serissoides roots by repeated column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and Polyamide. Their structures were identified by analysis of their spectral data and physics character.. Seven compounds obtained from the plant leaves were identified as: (+)-pinoresinol(1), (-)-syringaresinol( 2), (+)-meduiresinol(3), (-)-olivil(4), beta-sitosterol(5), oleanolic acid(6) and daucosterol(7).. They are all known compounds. Compound 2 and 4 was obtained from this genus plants for the first time, and compounds 1,3 and 7 as known compounds were obtained from the root of the plant firstly.

Topics: Furans; Lignans; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rubiaceae; Sitosterols

To study the transfection and anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) effect of the co-modified hepatocytes-targeting cationic liposomes encapsulating anti-HBV antisense oligonucleotides (asON) , and to investigate the transfection mechanisms of the liposomes.. Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and 3beta-[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl] cholesterol (DC-Chol) were used as the lipids, beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside (sito-G) and Brij 35 were used to modify the liposomes. Flow cytometry (FCM), fluorescence microscopy and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were utilized to evaluate the transfection improvement of the asON encapsulated in the liposomes in primary rat hepatocytes and the antigens inhibition activity in HepG 2.2.15 cells. The transfection mechanisms were evaluated based on the influence of wortmannin, nigericin, and asialofetuin on the antigens inhibition in HepG 2.2.15 cells by ELISA.. The co-modification with sito-G and Brij 35 significantly improved the transfection of the liposomes in primary rat hepatocytes and antigens inhibition effect in HepG 2.2.15 cells. Both transfection efficiency and antigens inhibition effect showed to be concentration-dependent with the asON-encapsulating liposomes. In fluorescence microscopy, the transfected cells showed strong fluorescence in primary rat hepatocytes, especially in the nuclei. Wortmannin, nigericin and asialofetuin decreased the antigens inhibition of the asON-encapsulating liposomes to different levels. Cationic liposomes modification with sito-G and Brij 35 could improve the transfection and antigens inhibition effect of the asON. The transfection mechanisms of the co-modified liposomes included endocytosis and membrane fusion. The ligand sito-G was confirmed to be able to enhance asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGPR)-mediated endocytosis.. Co-modified hepatocytes-targeting cationic liposomes would be a specific and effective carrier to transfer asON into hepatocytes.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Androstadienes; Animals; Asialoglycoproteins; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Nucleus; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Endocytosis; Female; Fetuins; Flow Cytometry; Hepatitis B Antigens; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liposomes; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nigericin; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Polyethylene Glycols; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sitosterols; Transfection; Wortmannin

To study the chemical constituents of Bauhinia championii.. Compounds were isolated from the ethanolic extract of B. championii by silica gel column Chromatography, and their structures were elucidated by spectral analyses.. Five compounds were isolated and elucidated as 2,4,6-trimethoxyphenol 1-O-beta-D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside (1), (+/-)-lyoniresinol (2), daucosterol (3), beta-sitosterol (4) and gallic acid (5).. Compounds 1-4 were isolated from B. championii for the first time.

Topics: Anisoles; Bauhinia; Gallic Acid; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Naphthalenes; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of the 95% ethanol extract from the rhizome of Smilax china.. Seven compounds were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of 95% ethanol extract by using repeated silica column chromatography, partition chromatography, preparing TLC, and other methods. Structure of three compounds of them was identified based on chemical methods and spectroscopic methods.. The structure of them were established as dihydrokaempferol-5-O-beta-D-glucoside (I), beta-sitosterol (II), daucosterol (III).. Compound I was a novel compound which was first found from natural plants.

Topics: Flavonoids; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Smilax; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

To study the chemical constituents of the corm of the planted Cremastra appendiculata.. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR techniques.. Six compounds were isolated, and identified as isohircinol (I), flavanthrinin (II), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (III), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (IV), daucosterol (V), beta-sitosterol (VI).. These compounds were not previously isolated from this plant, and isohircinol (I) was obtained from natural source for the first time.

Topics: Orchidaceae; Phenylethyl Alcohol; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Anoectochilus roxburghii.. Silica gel and sephadex LH-20 column chromotography were used in the isolation from the ethanol extracts of the whole plant, the compounds were determined on the basis of various modern spectroscopic analysis and physical constants.. Five compounds were isolated from the CHCl3 soluble portion, identified as p-Hydroxybenzaldehyde (I), ferulic acid (II), quercetin (III), daucosterol (IV), cirsilineol (V).. All these compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time, compound V was isolated from the Orchid Family for the first time, the other compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Benzaldehydes; Coumaric Acids; Flavones; Orchidaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols

A new compound, (2R)-4-phenyl-2-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]butane (1), has been isolated from the aerial parts of Rhododendren anthopogonoides, together with two known compounds, fraxin (2), and lyoniside (3). Their structures were determined by means of physico-chemical evidence and spectral analyses, including UV, IR, HR-FABMS, 1H and 13C NMR, and 2D NMR data.

Topics: Butanes; Coumarins; Disaccharides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Plant Leaves; Rhododendron; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents from the flowers of Carthamus tinctorius.. The chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified on silica gel column. They were identified and structurally elucidated by means of physio-chemical constants and spectral analysis.. Eight compounds were identifed as palmitic acid (I), 1-O-hexadecanolenin (II), trans-3-tridecene-5,7,9,11-tetrayne-1,2-diol (III), trans-trans-3,11-tridecadiene -5,7,9-triyne -1,2-diol (IV), coumaric acid (V), daucosterol (VI), apigenin (VIl) and kaempferol (VIII), respectively.. Two compounds (II and III) were obtained from the genus of Carthamus for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Carthamus tinctorius; Coumaric Acids; Flowers; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from herb of Rhodobryum roseum.. The compounds were isolated by column chromatography, and identified by IR, NMR data.. 8 compounds were isolated and identified. They are piperine (1), caffeic acid methyl ester (2), uracil glucoside (3), ursolic acid (4), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-methylcholesta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (5), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxy-methylcholesta-6,9(11), 22-trien-3beta-ol (6), beta-sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8).. 7 compounds (1-6,8) were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Alkaloids; Benzodioxoles; Bryophyta; Caffeic Acids; Piperidines; Plants, Medicinal; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To investigate the chemical constituents in the seeds of Nigella glandulifera.. The chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified on silica gel column. They were identified and structurally elucidated by means of physio-chemical constants and spectral analysis.. Nine compounds were identified as nigellamose (I), alpha-hederin (II), 3-O-[beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->3)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinpyranosyl]-hederagenin (III), sucrose (IV), stearic acid (V), 1-O-hexadecanolenin (VI), beta-sitosterol (VII), daucosterol (VIII) and p-hydroxybenzoic acid (IX).. I, II, III, VI, VIII and IX were obtained from the plant for the first time, and I is a new compound.

Topics: Glycosides; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Nigella; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Saponins; Seeds; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from rhizome of Pulsatilla dahurica.. The constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods. AR compounds were identified on the basis of spectral analysis and physico-chemical characters.. Six compounds were isolated from the 70% alcohol extract of the rhizome identified as hederagenin ( I ), hederagenin 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (II), hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->2)-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (III), hederagenin 3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1 -->2) [beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)]-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (IV), beta-sitosterol (V) and daucosterol (VI), respectively.. Compounds I approximately VI were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Pulsatilla; Rhizome; Saponins; Sitosterols

An ethyl acetate extract of Oryza sativa (rice) hulls yielded seven compounds: hentriacontane, 1-tetratriacontanol, beta-sitosterol, momilactone A, momilactone B, tricin (a flavonoid), and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside. The structures of these compounds were elucidated with 500 MHz nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), using 1D and 2D spectral methods, aided by electron ionization mass spectrometry (EI-MS), fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS), infrared (IR), and ultraviolet (UV) spectrophotometry. The complete 1H NMR assignments for momilactone A and B and 13C NMR assignments for tricin are discussed. To the best of our knowledge, hentriacontane, 1-tetratriacontanol, and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside were identified for the first time in rice hulls. In biological activity tests using these identified compounds, momilactone A and B showed potent inhibitory activity against duckweed (Lemna paucicostata). 1-Tetratriacontanol and beta-sitosterol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside also showed about 13-20% inhibitory activity based on chlorophyll reduction. Hentriacontane and beta-sitosterol did not show any herbicidal activity. In a germination assay of three weed species (Leptochloa chinenesis L., Amaranthus retroflexus L., and Cyperus difformis L.) in culture tubes both momilactones A and B had high inhibitory effects. Momilactone B completely inhibited germination of all three weed species at 20 ppm. Germination of L. chinensis L. was completely inhibited by a 4 ppm solution of momilactone B.

Topics: Amaranthus; Cyperus; Diterpenes; Fatty Alcohols; Flavonoids; Germination; Herbicides; Hydrocarbons; Lactones; Oryza; Plant Development; Plants; Sitosterols; Spectrum Analysis

To study the chemical constituents of the flowers of Apocynum venetum.. Chromatographic methods were used to isolate compounds from the flowers of A. venetum and spectral methods were used to identify the structures of the isolated compounds.. Seven compounds, kaempferol (I), quercetin (II), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (III), kaempferol-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (IV), vanillic acid (V), baimaside (VI), daucosterol (III), were isolated from the flowers of A. venetum.. Compound I, V, VI, VII were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Apocynum; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flowers; Kaempferols; Sitosterols; Vanillic Acid

To study the chemical Constituents in the root of Rheum glabricaule.. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographies with sillica gel. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis (MS, 1HNMR, 13 CNMR) and chemical evidences.. Seven compounds were isolated from this plant, including n-hexacosnic acid (I), palmitic acid (II), daucosterol (III), chrysophanol-8-Me ether (IV), citreorosein (V), chrysophanol 8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (VI) and 2,5-dimethyl-7-methoxychromone (VII).. All above compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Anthraquinones; Chromones; Molecular Structure; Palmitic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rheum; Sitosterols

Nine compounds including n-dotriacontanoic acid (I), n-dotriacontanol (II), Palmic acid (III), oleanolic acid (IV) aurentiamide acetate (V), daucosterol (VI), beta-sitosterol (VII), 7beta-hydroxysitosterol (VIII) and stigmasterol (IX) were isolated from petroleum ether and chloroform extract of Patrinia villosa Juss. Among them, compounds I, II, V, VIII were obtained from the plant of Patrinia for the first time and compounds VI, VII ,IX were separated from Patrinia villosa Juss for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Benzyl Compounds; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Molecular Weight; Oleanolic Acid; Patrinia; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical composition of Opuntia dillenii.. Many kinds of chromatography methods were used in the isolation procedure, while the structures of isolated compounds were determined on the aids of NMR and MS spectral analysis.. A new compound, together with five known compounds, was isolated form the 80% ethanolic extract of its stems.. The new compound was characterized as opuntioside. Four compounds were obtained for the first from the genus Opuntia, and they were daucosterol, p-hydroxybenzoicacid, L-(-)-malic acid, (E)-ferulic acid. Opuntiol was also separated for the first from the plant.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Molecular Structure; Monosaccharides; Opuntia; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Buddleja purdomii W. W Smith.. The constituents were isolated and purified by various chromatographic methods and structurally identified by spectral analysis.. 4 compounds were obtained as cryptomeridiol (I), aucubin (II), galactilol (III), daucosterol (IV).. All these compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Buddleja; Galactitol; Glucosides; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Molecular Structure; Naphthalenes; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

The ethanol extract from Akebia quinata was seperated by dichloromethane, n-butanol in sequence. Six compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (I), delta(5,22) stigmasterol (II), oleanolic acid (III), hederagenin (IV), daucosterol (V), delta(5,22) stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside (VI). Compound VI was isolated from Akebia plants for the first time.

Topics: Glucosides; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Sterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

We hypothesized that the phytosterols beta-sitosterol (BSS), beta-sitosterol glucoside (BSSG), and Moducare (MC; BSS:BSSG = 99:1) could modulate the growth of estrogen-dependent human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. The present study evaluated the estrogenic and antiestrogenic effects of BSS, BSSG, and MC (0.001 to 150 micromol/L) on the proliferation of Michigan Cancer Foundation 7 (MCF-7) cells in vitro. Both BSS (>1 micromol/L) and MC (>50 micromol/L) increased MCF-7 cell proliferation. Treatment with 150 micro mol/L of BSS and MC increased cell growth by 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, compared to the negative control (NC) group. However, BSSG had no effect at the concentrations tested. The effects of dietary BSS, BSSG, and MC on the growth of MCF-7 cells implanted in ovariectomized athymic mice were also evaluated. Estrogenic effects of the phytosterols were evaluated in the NC, BSS, BSSG, and MC treatment groups, and antiestrogenic effects were evaluated in the 17 beta-estradiol (E(2)), E(2) + BSS, E(2) + BSSG, and E(2) + MC treatment groups. Mice were treated with dietary BSS (9.8 g/kg AIN93G diet), BSSG (0.2 g/kg diet), or MC (10.0 g/kg diet) for 11 wk. Dietary BSS, BSSG, and MC did not stimulate MCF-7 tumor growth. However, dietary BSS, BSSG, and MC reduced E(2)-induced MCF-7 tumor growth by 38.9% (P < 0.05), 31.6% (P = 0.08), and 42.13% (P < 0.05), respectively. The dietary phytosterols lowered serum E(2) levels by 35.1, 30.2, and 36.5% in the E(2) + BSS, E(2) + BSSG, and E(2) + MC groups, respectively (P < 0.05), compared to that of the E(2) treatment group. Estrogen-responsive pS2 mRNA expression in tumors did not differ among groups, but expression of the antiapoptotic marker B-cell lymphoma/leukemia-2 (bcl-2) in tumors from the E(2) + MC group was downregulated, compared to that of the E(2) treatment group. In summary, BSS and MC stimulated MCF-7 cell growth in vitro. Although BSSG comprises only 1% of MC, BSSG made MC less estrogenic than BSS alone in vitro. However, dietary BSS and MC protected against E(2)-stimulated MCF-7 tumor growth and lowered circulating E(2) levels.

Topics: Animals; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Division; Cell Line, Tumor; Drug Combinations; Drug Implants; Estradiol; Estrogen Antagonists; Female; Humans; Mammary Neoplasms, Experimental; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Organ Size; Ovariectomy; Phytosterols; Presenilin-2; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Sitosterols; Uterus

To study the major chemical constituents from the root tuber of Typhyonium flagelliforme.. Compounds were separated and purified with silica gel column and preparative HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic evidence (UV, IR, MS, NMR and 2D NMR).. Four compounds were identified as 1-O-beta-glucopyranosyl-2-[(2-hydroxyloctadecanoyl) amido]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol (1), coniferin (2), beta-sitosterol (3) and beta-daucosterol (4).. A cerebroside with significant antihepatotoxic activity and a phenylpropanoid glycoside were isolated from Typhyonium flagelliforme for the first time.

Topics: Araceae; Cinnamates; Glucosides; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the herb of Gentianopsis paludosa.. Column chromatogrophy and spectral analysis were used to isolate and identify the constituents.. Six compounds were isolated and identified as 1,7-dihydroxy-3,8-dimethoxyxanthone (I), 1-hydroxy-3, 7, 8-trimethoxyxanthone (II), 1, 8-dihydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (III), 1-hydroxy-3, 7-dimethoxyxanthone (IV), beta-sitosterol (V), daucosterol (VI).. Compounds III-VI were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Gentianaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Xanthones

To isolate and identify the chemical constitutents in roots of Jasminum sambac.. The compounds were isolated by means of chromatography and the structures were identified on the basis of physical and spectral data.. Dotriacontanoic acid, dotriacontanol, oleanolic acid, daucosterol and hesperidin were elucidated.. All compounds were found in this plant for the first time.

Topics: Hesperidin; Jasminum; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Bombyx batryticatus.. The chemical constituents were isolated from the title materials by column chromatography using silica gel, purified by crystallization, and identified by spectroscopic methods.. Seven compounds were isolated and identified.. Six compounds were isolated from Bombyx batryticatus for the first time.

Topics: Animals; Bombyx; Mannitol; Materia Medica; Palmitic Acid; Sitosterols

To look for new active constituents from the aerial part of Cimicifuga foetida L.. Various column chromatographic techniques were used for the isolation and purification of the principles. The structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and chemical evidences.. Five 9,19-cycloartane triterpenoid saponins and one sitosterol saponin were obtained and identified as cimifoetiside I [12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactoyranoside, (1)], cimifoetiside II [(23R,24R) cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside, (2)], cimigenol-3-O-beta-D-galactopyranoside (3), 12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside (4), 12 beta-hydroxycimigenol-3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranoside (5), daucosterol (6).. Compounds 1 and 2 are new and compounds 4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Cimicifuga; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Molecular Structure; Plant Components, Aerial; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from Ampelopsis humulifolia var. heterophylla (Thunb.) K. Koch.. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were employed to isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as lupeol, beta-stiosterol, daucosterol, ethyl gallate, gallic acid and catechin.. The six compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ampelopsis; Catechin; Gallic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from Lamium maculatum L. var Kansuense.. The chemical constituents were isolated and repeatedly purified by silica gel column chromatography and the structures were elucidated by the NMR spectra and physico-chemical properties.. Ten compounds were obtained and they were identified as D-mannitol, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, rutin, 3'-methylquercetin-3-O-rutinoside, n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside, daucosterol, acteoside, 20-hydroxyecdysone, allantoin.. All the compounds were obtained from L. maculatum L. var Kansuense for the first time.

Topics: Allantoin; Ecdysterone; Glucosides; Lamiaceae; Mannitol; Phenols; Plants, Medicinal; Rutin; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Polygala tenuifolia.. Column chromatographic techniques were employed for isolation and purification of chemical constituents of the plant and the structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis.. Five chemical constituents were isolated and elucidated as 4-C-beta-glucopyranosyl-1,3,6-trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (1), 4-C-[beta-D-apiofuranosyl-(1-->6)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl]-1,3,6- trihydroxy-7-methoxyxanthone (2), presenegenin (3), presenegenin-3-O-beta-D-glycopyranoside (4) and daucosterol (5), respectively.. Compounds 1,3,4 and 5 were isolated from this plant for the first time. Compound 1 is a new natural product.

Topics: Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Polygala; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Xanthones

To study chemical constituents of Ilex kudingcha.. The constituents were isolated by chromatographic method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis.. Seven compounds, lupeol(I); 3 beta-hydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-24-methyl ester(II); lup-20(29)-ene-3 beta-, 24-diol(III); beta-sitosterol(IV); ursolic acid(V); daucosterol (VI); mannitol were obtained(VII).. I, III, VI and VII compounds were obtained from genus Ilex for the first time.

Topics: Ilex; Mannitol; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Bio-active constituents were expected to abstain from Homalomena occuta.. Extracts from the plant with 95% alcohol were distributed by several solvents and isolated via column chromatography on silica and Saphadex 20-LH gel.. Thirteen compounds were isolated from this plant. Among them seven natural products were identified via spectral methods as beta-stigmastol(H1) beta-D-Glucopyranoside(3)- stigmast-5-en-3-yl(H2); oplodiol(1); oplopanone(2); homalomenol(3); bullatantriol(4); 1 beta, 4 beta, 7 alpha-trihydroxyeudesmane(5).. All these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Araceae; Naphthols; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

One sphingolipid, 1-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(2S,3R,4E,8Z)-2-[(2R)-2-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4,8-octadecadiene-1,3-diol, and four other constituents, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, uridine, and adenosine, have been isolated from the nuts of almond (Prunus amygdalus). Complete assignments of the proton and carbon chemical shifts for the sphingolipid were accomplished on the basis of high-resolution 1D and 2D NMR data. All of these compounds are being reported from almond nuts (P. amygdalus)for the first time.

Topics: Adenosine; Chromatography; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nuts; Prunus; Sitosterols; Sphingolipids; Uridine

The factors responsible for ALS-parkinsonism dementia complex (ALS-PDC), the unique neurological disorder of Guam, remain unresolved, but identification of causal factors could lead to clues for related neurodegenerative disorders elsewhere. Earlier studies focused on the consumption and toxicity of the seed of Cycas circinalis, a traditional staple of the indigenous diet, but found no convincing evidence for toxin-linked neurodegeneration. We have reassessed the issue in a series of in vitro bioassays designed to isolate non-water soluble compounds from washed cycad flour and have identified three sterol beta-d-glucosides as potential neurotoxins. These compounds give depolarizing field potentials in cortical slices, induce alterations in the activity of specific protein kinases, and cause release of glutamate. They are also highly toxic, leading to release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). Theaglycone form, however, is non-toxic. NMDA receptor antagonists block the actions of the sterol glucosides, but do not compete for binding to the NMDA receptor. The most probable mechanism leading to cell death may involve glutamate neuro/excitotoxicity. Mice fed cycad seed flour containing the isolated sterol glucosides show behavioral and neuropathological outcomes, including increased TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) positivity in various CNS regions. Astrocytes in culture showed increased caspase-3 labeling after exposure to sterol glucosides. The present results support the hypothesis that cycad consumption may be an important factor in the etiology of ALS-PDC and further suggest that some sterol glucosides may be involved in other neurodegenerative disorders.

Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Animals; Astrocytes; Biological Assay; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Cholesterol; Cycas; Dementia; Glucose; Glucosides; Guam; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Neurons; Neurotoxins; Parkinsonian Disorders; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Seeds; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside were isolated as analgesic constituents from the leaves of Mentha cordifolia Opiz. The acetic acid-induced writhing test showed that beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside decreased the number of squirms induced by acetic acid by 70.0% and 73.0%, respectively, at a dose of 100 mg / kg mouse. Statistical analysis using the Kruskall Wallis one-way analysis of variance by ranks showed that these isolates approximate the analgesic activity of mefenamic acid at a 0.001 level of significance. The hot plate method confirmed their analgesic activities, as beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucoside exhibited a 300% and 157% increase in pain tolerance, respectively, while mefenamic acid, a known analgesic, showed a 171% increase. Neither isolate exhibited antiinflammatory activity using the carrageenan-induced mouse paw oedema assay. Beta-sitosterol also exhibited anthelminthic and antimutagenic activities. In vitro tests using live Ascaris suum as test animals showed that the behaviour of worms treated with beta-sitosterol approximated that of the positive controls, Combantrin and Antiox. An in vivo micronucleus test showed that beta-sitosterol inhibited the mutagenicity of tetracycline by 65.3% at a dose of 0.5 mg /kg mouse. At the same dose, it did not exhibit chromosome-breaking activity.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Analgesics; Animals; Anthelmintics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Ascaris suum; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Edema; Extremities; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hot Temperature; Mefenamic Acid; Mentha; Mice; Micronucleus Tests; Pain; Pain Threshold; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents from the whole plant of the endemic plant Notoseris rhombiformis Shih.. Column chromatography was used for separation and purification, while spectral analysis was used for structure elucidation.. Eight compounds were isolated from the whole plant of this Chinese endemic plant and their structures were elucidated as notoserolide A (1), notoserolide D (2), austricin (3), jacquilenin (4), 3 beta, 14-dihydroxy-11 beta, 13-dihydrocostunolide (5), p-hydroxyphenylacetic acid (6), luteolin-7-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (7) and daucosterol (8), respectively.. All compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, 2 is a new compound.

Topics: Asteraceae; Lactones; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Sesquiterpenes; Sitosterols

Successive extracts of Tribulus terrestris prepared using petroleum ether, chloroform, 50% methanol and water were tested for anthelmintic activity in-vitro using the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. The activity could be detected only in 50% methanol extract which on further bioactivity guided fractionation and chromatographic separation yielded a spirostanol type saponin, tribulosin and beta-sitosterol-D-glucoside. Both the compounds exhibited anthelmintic activity with ED50 of 76.25 and 82.50 microg/ml respectively.

Topics: Animals; Antinematodal Agents; Caenorhabditis elegans; Humans; Lethal Dose 50; Nematode Infections; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Tribulus

To study the chemical constituents in the root of Cichorium intybus.. The compounds were isolated and identified by column chromatography and NMR, IR, MS data.. Twelve compounds were isolated and identified.. 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-pyrido-(3,4-b)indole-3-carboxylic acid was isolated from the Cichorium genus for the first time, azelaic acid and daucosterol were isolated from the the plant for the first time.

Topics: Cichorium intybus; Dicarboxylic Acids; Indoles; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To isolate and determine the chemical constituents from Astilbe chinensis.. Four compounds were isolated and purified by extraction and column chromatography on silica gel. The chemical structures were determined on the basis of physical-chemical evidence and extensive spectral analysis(HR-EIMS, EIMS, 13C-NMR, 1H-NMR, DEPT, 1H-1H-COSY, HMQC and HMBC).. Their structures were elucidated as beta-sitosterol palmitate I, daucosterol II beta-sitosterol III and Bergenin IV, respectively.. Compound I and II were isolated from A. chinensis for the first time.

Topics: Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Saxifragaceae; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from Salvia roborowskii Maxim.. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were employed to isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as lupeol (I), 11 beta-hydroxy-lupeol(II),3 beta-acetyl-11 beta-hydroxy-lupeol(III), ursolic acid (IV), beta-sitosterol(V), daucosterol (VI).. I approximately VI were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Salvia; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Topics: Arabidopsis Proteins; Binding Sites; Carbohydrate Conformation; Catalysis; Cell Membrane; Cellulase; Cellulose; Dextrins; Glucans; Glucose; Glucosyltransferases; Gossypium; Membrane Proteins; Models, Biological; Organisms, Genetically Modified; Plants; Sitosterols; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose; Yeasts

Cellulose synthesis in plants requires beta-1,4-glucan chain initiation, elongation, and termination. The process of chain elongation is likely to be distinct from the process of chain initiation. We demonstrate that a CesA glucosyltransferase initiates glucan polymerization by using sitosterol-beta-glucoside (SG) as primer. Cotton fiber membranes synthesize sitosterol-cellodextrins (SCDs) from SG and uridine 5'-diphosphate-glucose (UDP-Glc) under conditions that also favor cellulose synthesis. The cellulase encoded by the Korrigan (Kor) gene, required for cellulose synthesis in plants, may function to cleave SG from the growing polymer chain.

Topics: Arabidopsis Proteins; Calcium; Cell Wall; Cellobiose; Cellulase; Cellulose; Dextrins; Egtazic Acid; Glucans; Glucose; Glucosyltransferases; Gossypium; Herbicides; Membrane Proteins; Nitriles; Recombinant Proteins; Sitosterols; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose; Yeasts

The effect and mechanism of action of beta-sitosterol beta-D-glucoside (Sit-G) on the in vitro and in vivo nasal absorption of FITC-dextran (molecular weight, 4400; FD-4) in rabbits were studied in comparison with beta-sitosterol (Sit). The FD-4 permeation in the powder dosage form was increased by Sit-G and Sit and related to the uptake of Sit-G and Sit with no changes in the amount of cholesterol in the excised nasal mucosa. The application of Sit and Sit-G increased FD-4 permeation with and without a decrease in transepithelial resistance (TEER), respectively. These results suggested that the mechanism of the enhancement by Sit-G was different from those of Sit and sodium caprate; Sit-G may exert its effects mainly via the transcellular pathway due to perturbation of the mucosal membrane.

Topics: Absorption; Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Dextrans; Dosage Forms; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Drug Synergism; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Rabbits; Sitosterols

Topics: Cellulose; Phytosterols; Sitosterols; Uridine Diphosphate Glucose

The etiology of various age-related neurological diseases remains unknown. Sporadic forms ofAlzheimer's, Parkinson's and Lou Gehrig's disease have been linked to environmental factors that cause neuronal cell death either by excitotoxicity or by inducing oxidative stress. Our recent studies have demonstrated that various compounds not previously associated with these diseases, i.e. methionine sulfoximine (MSO), originally isolated from 'agenized' flour, and sitosterol glucoside (BSSG), isolated from the seed of the cycad, appear to be neurotoxins, likely acting by excitotoxic mechanisms. For these compounds, the primary excitotoxic effect appears to involve glutamate release followed by NMDA receptor activation. Lactate dehydrogenase assays demonstrate that both compounds cause rapid cell death in vitro. In addition, both compounds appear to alter antioxidant defense mechanisms, acting particularly on levels of reduced glutathione (GSH). In vivo application of MSO has historically been linked to behavioral abnormalities, including seizures, in various species. Our recent experiments have demonstrated that mice fed cycad flour containing sitosterol glucoside have severe behavioral abnormalities of motor and cognitive function, as well as significant levels of neurodegeneration in cortex, hippocampus, spinal cord and other CNS regions measured post mortem. The combined weight of excitotoxic action, in concert to a decline in antioxidant defenses, induced by molecules such as methionine sulfoximine and sitosterol glucoside is hypothesized to be causal to neuronal degeneration in various neurological diseases. Understanding the mechanisms of action of these and functionally related molecules may serve to focus attention on potential neurotoxins present in the human environment. Only once such molecules have been identified, can we begin to design appropriate pharmaceutical strategies to prevent or halt the progression of the age-related neurological diseases.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cerebral Cortex; Dizocilpine Maleate; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Flour; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Kynurenic Acid; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Methionine Sulfoximine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; N-Methylaspartate; Nervous System Diseases; Oxidative Stress; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sitosterols

The aim of this study was to examine the interaction of soybean-derived sterylglucoside (SG) with the human hepatoblastoma cell line HepG2 with regard to the penetration-enhancing effect of beta-sitosterol glucoside (Sit-G) to clarify the accumulation of SG-containing liposomes (SG-liposomes) to the liver in vivo. The approach was based on measurement of the association of SG-liposomes labeled with 1,1'-dioctadecyl-3,3,3',3'-tetramethylindocarbocyanine perchlorate (Dil) in terms of asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-R)-mediated endocytosis, affinity of Sit-G using lAsys and the association of FITC-dextran 4400 (FD-4) increased by Sit-G with the cells. The association of SG-liposomes was decreased by addition of asialofetuin, suggesting that SG-liposomes might be taken up via ASGP-R. Sit-G showed higher affinity with HepG2 cells than HeLa cells, and enhanced the association of FD-4 depending on the incubation time and Sit-G concentrations. Significant positive correlations were found between Sit-G and FD-4 association with the cells, indicating that Sit-G enhanced the drug penetration by distribution in cell membranes. The high degree of liver association of SG-liposomes in vivo might be related to recognition of glucose residues of SG by ASGP-R and to the high affinity and penetration-enhancing effect of Sit-G with hepatocytes.

Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Asialoglycoprotein Receptor; Asialoglycoproteins; Binding, Competitive; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Cell Membrane; Cell Membrane Permeability; Excipients; Fetuins; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Humans; Liposomes; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Sitosterols; Tumor Cells, Cultured

To study the lipid chemical constituents of Salvia sochifolia growing in Yunnan province.. Chromatographic techniques were used to isolate the compounds and the structures were identified by spectral analysis.. Five compounds were isolated from the plant and identified as 2 alpha, 3 alpha-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, 2 alpha, 3 alpha, 24-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic acid, ursolic acid, daucosterol and beta-sitosterol.. These compounds were isolated from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Salvia; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents the roots of Chirita fimbrisepala.. The constituents were extracted with solvent, separated and purified with chromatographic methods, identified by NMR, MS, UV, IR and physical-chemical constants.. Three flavonoids mahuangchiside(I), hispidulin (II) and kaempferol(III) were isolated with daucosteral(IV).. I is a new compound elucidated as hispidulin-7-O-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranoside, named mahuangchiside, II and III were isolated for the first time from the family Gesneriaceae, and IV was isolated for the first time from the genus Chirita.

Topics: Disaccharides; Flavones; Flavonoids; Isoflavones; Kaempferols; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Gymnotheca involucrata.. Separating the constituents by means of chromatography and identifying their structures on the basis of NMR spectra and TLC with authentic samples.. From the methanolic extract of the whole plant of G. involucrata, three compounds were isolated and identified as kaempferol-4',7-dimethyl-3-O-glucoside, daucosterol and stigmasterol.. All the three compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Flavonoids; Glucosides; Kaempferols; Magnoliopsida; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents in the fruit of Lycium barbarum.. The chemical constituents were isolated by column chromatography and identified by spectral data.. The compounds obtained were identified as scopoletin(I), beta-sitosterol(II), p-coumaric acid(III), glucose(IV), daucosterol(V) and betaine(VI).. Compounds III, IV and V were isolated from Lycium barbarum for the first time.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Fruit; Glucose; Lycium; Plants, Medicinal; Propionates; Sitosterols

Eicosane acid, beta-sitosterol, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and daucosterol have been firstly isolated and identified from Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq..

Topics: Eicosanoic Acids; Lamiaceae; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

The chemical constituents of the herb of Cuscuta chinensis Lam. were investigated. Five compounds were isolated from petroleum ether and chloroform fraction. Their structures were identified as beta-sitosterol, d-sesamin, 9(R)-hydroxy-d-sesamin, d-pinoresinol and daucosterol by chemical and spectroscopical methods. All these compounds were isolated from the stem for the first time.

Topics: Chemical Fractionation; Cuscuta; Dioxoles; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Furans; Lignans; Sitosterols; Spectrum Analysis

Study on the non-anthraquinone constituents from rhizoma and radix of Rheum sublanceolatum.. The constituents were isolated through column chromatography and identified on the basis of their physiochemical and spectral data.. Six non-anthraquinone constituents were isolated and identified as n-octacosanic acid, sitosterol, daucosterol, 2-methyl-5-carboxymethyl-7-hydroxychromone, piceatannol and 6-hydroxymusizin-8-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside.. All these compounds were firstly isolated from R. sublanceolatum.

Topics: Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rheum; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Stilbenes

We investigated the transfection efficiency of beta-sitosterol beta-D-glucoside (Sit-G)-containing liposome/DNA complex (Sit-G-liposome/DNA complex) for liver targeting. The Sit-G-liposome/DNA complex was composed of Tfx-20 reagent (Tfx), ie synthetic cationic lipid [N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-2,3-di(oleoyloxy)-1,4-butanediammonium iodide] with L-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE), 3 beta[N-(N',N'-dimethylaminoethane)-carbamoyl]cholesterol (DC-Chol) and Sit-G with plasmid DNA. The in vitro studies were performed in HepG2 cells in serum-containing medium and the in vivo studies were carried out in the mice following intravenous injection. The Sit-G-liposome produced a Sit-G-liposome/DNA complex of relatively small size (100--250 nm). Transfection efficiency of the luciferase marker gene by Sit-G-liposome/DNA complex was increased in the presence of 10% serum in vitro, and was selectively high in the mouse liver reaching expression values up to an average of 14.9 pg luciferase/mg tissue protein, compared with Tfx/DNA complex, which showed approximately three-fold higher gene expression than Sit-G-liposome/DNA complex in vitro. High in vitro transfection efficiency by Sit-G-liposome/DNA complex seemed to be possible even with large lipid precipitates, whereas high in vivo activity seemed to be related to small and dispersed complexes. The interaction of liposome/DNA complexes with serum may be a key point to predict the in vivo efficiency of a liposome vector.

Topics: Animals; Cholesterol; Gene Expression; Genetic Therapy; Genetic Vectors; Glycerophospholipids; Hepatoblastoma; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Liposomes; Liver; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Luciferases; Mice; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Sitosterols; Tissue Distribution; Transfection

Friedelin, epifriedelinol, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and naringin were isolated from the dried rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia. The methanol extract showed broad and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Candida albicans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oleanolic Acid; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To investigate the chemical constituents from the herb Eremurus chinensis.. The chemical constituents were extracted with solvent and separated with column chromatography.. The structures were identified as chrysophanol 8-Me ether, aloesaponol III, daucosterol and beta-sitosterol.. These compounds were separated from genus Eremurus first time.

Topics: Liliaceae; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents in the seed of Allium tuberosum.. Chromatography and spectral analysis were used to isolate the constituents and elucidate their structures.. Five compounds were isolated from the alcohol extracts of the seeds and identified as nicotianoside C, (22S)-cholest-5-ene-1 beta, 3 beta, 16 beta, 22-tetrol-1-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-16-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, daucosterol, adenosine and thymidine.. All the compounds were isolated from the seed of this plant for the first time.

Topics: Adenosine; Allium; Plants, Medicinal; Seeds; Sitosterols; Thymidine

To study the chemical constituents of Lagopsis supina.. Compounds were separated by solvent extraction, column chromatography and TLC, and the structures were determined by chemical and spectral analyses.. Six compounds were isolated from the ethanol extract of L. supina and identified as eicosanoic acid octadecyl ester, eicosanoic acid-16-methyl-15, 16-hetadecenyl ester, palmitic acid, beta-sitosterol, oleanolic acid and daucosterol.. Except beta-sitosterol, all the compounds were isolated from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Lamiaceae; Oleanolic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To investigate the non-anthraquinones from the root and rootstock of Rheum officinale.. The chemical constituents were obtained from the 85% alcohol extract of the radix and rhizoma of R. officinale by column chromatography and identified by spectroscopic analysis.. Ten non-anthraquinones were obtained, of which eight were identified by spectroscopic analysis as rheosmine, daucosterol, d-catechin, 6-cinnamoylisolindleyin, (-)-epicatechin-3-O-gallate, resveratrol-4'-O-beta-D-(6"-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside, gallic acid, D-sorbitol.. Compounds rheosmine and D-sorbitol were obtained from the genus Rheum for the first time.

Topics: Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rheum; Sitosterols; Sorbitol; Sugar Alcohols

To search for new effective ant-early-pregnancy components from the aerial part of Verbena officinalis.. Compounds were isolated from the methanol extract of the herb by chromatography on silica gel column, and the structures were determined by physical and chemical evidences and spectroscopic analysis.. Two compounds were obtained and identified as 3,4-dihydroverbenalin and daucosterol.. The two compounds were obtained from this the herb for the first time and 3,4-didydroverbenalin is a new product.

Topics: Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring; Molecular Structure; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Verbena

To isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the roots of Rabdosia japonica.. The constituents were extracted by ether and isolated by chromatography on silica gel and ODS. The structures were determined by IR, H NMR, 13C NMR and MS spectra respectively.. Four compounds were elucidated as glaucocalgxin A, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid and daucosterol.. Oleanolic acid and daucosterol were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Diterpenes, Kaurane; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Isodon; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

The aim of this study was to elucidate the efficiency of soybean-derived sterylglucoside (SG) and its main component beta-sitosterol beta-D-glucoside (Sit-G), as nasal absorption enhancers. Nasal administration of verapamil with SG and Sit-G showed the higher bioavailabilities (60.4 and 90.7%, respectively) than that with lactose (39.8%). It was clear that SG and Sit-G promoted the absorption of verapamil through nasal mucosa. To elucidate the mechanism, we measured the calcein leakage from liposomes by incubation with SG, Sit-G, oleic acid, soybean-derived sterol, and beta-sitosterol to investigate transcellular absorption and measured the changes in intracellular Ca2+ concentrations ([Ca2+]i) by Sit-G to analyze paracellular absorption. The large amount of calcein leakage induced by enhancers was consistent with an enhancement of bioavailability of verapamil and insulin following nasal administration (oleic acid < SG < Sit-G). Moreover, Sit-G increased [Ca2+]i in the medium containing Ca2+, but not in Ca2+ free medium. This result suggested that Sit-G increases the fluidity of the mucosal membrane and facilitates Ca2+ influx from extracellular sources. In conclusion, a possible explanation for SG and Sit-G to promote drug absorption, is that they may affect both paracellular pathway and transcellular pathways caused by pertubation of lipid.

Topics: Absorption; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Area Under Curve; Biological Availability; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cholestenes; Drug Carriers; Fluoresceins; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Liposomes; Male; Nasal Mucosa; Powders; Rabbits; Sitosterols; Verapamil

From the butanolic extract of petals of Lilium candidum L., beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol glucoside were isolated. The isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic means and by comparison with literature data; beta-sitosterol glucoside was isolated in genus Lilium L. for the first time.

Topics: Plant Extracts; Sitosterols

The free radical scavenging abilities of the structurally related steroids beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside (plant sterols and sterolins), cholesterol, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS) were compared with melatonin (an efficient free radical scavenger) in an in vitro system which measures lipid peroxidation of platelet membranes in the presence of iron (Fe2+). Lipid peroxidation is a process whereby cellular membranes are damaged due to the oxidative deterioration of polyunsaturated lipids, which may lead to cell death and disease in living organisms. Substances such as vitamin E protect cellular membranes against oxidative damage due to their chemical structures. The steroids cholesterol, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol glucoside and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) are structurally related to each other. During aging, serum concentrations of DHEA, DHEAS and melatonin decrease, while the concentration of cholesterol tends to increase. The aim of the present study was to compare the role these substances play in lipid peroxidation over a wide concentration range. At concentrations lower than the free iron in the reaction mixture, all the steroids investigated decreased lipid peroxidation. At higher concentrations, cholesterol and beta-sitosterol increased lipid peroxidation, while DHEAS and melatonin continued to decrease lipid peroxidation.

Topics: Aging; Androsterone; Antioxidants; Blood Platelets; Cholesterol; Free Radical Scavengers; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; In Vitro Techniques; Lipid Peroxidation; Melatonin; Sitosterols

To search for the active chemical constituents of Saururus chinensis.. 95% ethanol extracts from the aerial part of Saururus chinensis was mixed with silica gel, and then eluted with petroleum ether, ethyl acetate and methanol. On the basis of physicochemical properties and spectroscopic analysis, structures of the compounds obtained were identified.. Eight compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate and methanol parts, and identified as aristolactam A II(I), daucosterol(II), hyperoside(III), isoquercitrin(IV), quercitrin(V), quercitin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1-->4)-alpha-L-rhamnopyranoside(VI), ellagic acid(VII) and corilagin(VIII) respectively.. Compounds I, II, VI, VII and VIII were found from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ellagic Acid; Glucosides; Hydrolyzable Tannins; Indole Alkaloids; Plant Shoots; Plants, Medicinal; Saururaceae; Sitosterols

To separate compounds from the root of Gypsophila oldhamiana.. Chemical and chromatographic methods were used to separate the compounds. IR, MS, NMR were used to determine the structures of compounds.. Compound pentacosanoic acid, lacceroic acid, beta-sitosterol, alpha-spinasterol, daucosterol and sucrose were identified.. All the above compounds were obtained from this genus for the first time.

Topics: Caryophyllaceae; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Candida; Chamomile; China; Flavonoids; Luteolin; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents of Aralia subcapitata.. The methanol extract of A. subcapitata was separated by repeated column chromatography, and the compounds were identified on the basis of spectroscopic analysis(IR, EI-MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR) and physicochemical properties.. Four compounds were isolated from the root bark of A. subcapitata. Their structures were identified as 3 beta-hydroxy-oleana-11, 13(18)-dien-28-oic acid(I), 3-oxo-oleana-12-en-28-oic acid (II), oleanolic acid(III) and daucosterol(IV).. All these compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time. Among them, compounds I and II were obtained for the first time from Aralia.

Topics: Aralia; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Bark; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Seven compounds were isolated from Quercus mongolica Fisch., six (1-VI) of them were identified as fridelin (I), beta-amyrin (II), 1-octadecanol (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), daucosterol (V) and gallic acid (VI) by means of chemical, physical and spectrosopic evidiences.

Topics: Fatty Alcohols; Gallic Acid; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Quercus; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triterpenes

Two steroids and two lipids were isolated from the ethanolic extract of Spirodela polyrrhiza. Their structures were identified by spectral analysis and chemical evidence, which were identified as stigmasterol, monopalmitic glycerate, daucosterol and palmitic acid. Monopalmitic glycerate was discovered from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycerides; Magnoliopsida; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Four kinds of components were extracted and separated from the stems and leaves of Rabdosia excisa. They had been identified as Kamebakaurin, Ursolic acid, Daucosterol and Liquiritin respectively by physical and chemical methods, as well as spectrum data. It was first time that Liquiritin was obtained from the Robdosia family, and its 13C-NMR data of Liquiritin had not been reported before.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diterpenes; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Isodon; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Six crystalline substances were isolated from the rhizoma of Pericampylus glaucus and identified as epifriedelinol, melissic acid, palmatic acid, stearic acid, bututic acid and daucosterol.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Palmitic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids

To study the chemical constituents in the air-dried part of Conyza blinii.. The constituent isolation was done by solvent-extraction together with column chromatography. Several methods, such as IR, 1HNMR, 13CNMR and MS, were used to determine the structures of the isolated constituents.. Three compounds were isolated from the air-dried part of Conyza blinii and identified as friedelinol, n-triacontanol and daucosterol on the basis of physical and chemical properties and spectroscopic analysis.. These compounds have not been discovered previously in this plant.

Topics: Asteraceae; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fatty Alcohols; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Shoots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.. Compounds were separated by rechromatography on silica gel from the chloroform solubles of its ethanol extracts, and the structures were determined by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.. Three compounds were isolated and elucidated as 6'-O-benzoyldaucosterol, daucosterol and beta-sitosterol.. All the three compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time, of which 6'-O-benzoyldaucosterol is a new natural product.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

Lilium brownii F. E. Brown var. viridulum Baker is a well-known and very important traditional Chinese medicine. It has been used as sedative, antitussive, anti-inflammatory or as a nutrient. Five compounds were isolated from the bulbs of Lilium brownii. On the basis of spectroscopic analysis (IR, FAB-MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR, DEPT, HMQC, HMBC) and their physicochemical properties, they were identified as beta-sitosterol (I), daucosterol (II), n-butyl-beta-D-fructopyranoside (III), 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3 beta, 26-dihydroxy-5-cholesten-16, 22-dioxo-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV), 26-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-3beta, 26-dihydroxy cholestan-16, 22-dioxo-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranoside(V). Among them, I, II and III were isolated from this plant for the first time, IV and V are new compounds.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Lilium; Molecular Structure; Saponins; Sitosterols

Nine compounds were isolated from the fruits of Hemsleya graciliflora. IIThey were identified as- 25-acetate of dihydrocucurbitacin F(I), dihydrocucurbitacin F(II), cucurbitacin F-25-acetate(III), sitostery1-3-O-beta-D-glucoside-6'-O-palmitate(IV), daucosterol(V), beta-sitosterol(VI), palmitic acid(VII), octodecyl acohol(VIII) and hexadecanol(IX) on the basis of physical and chemical properties as well as spectral data. The compound(IV) is isolated from genus Hemsleya for the first time.

Topics: Cucurbitaceae; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Palmitates; Plants, Medicinal; Saponins; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

The phytosterols, beta-sitosterol (BSS), and its glucoside (BSSG) enhance the in vitro proliferative response of T-cells stimulated by sub-optimal concentrations of phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) several fold at extremely low concentrations (femtogram level). A 100:1 (mass:mass) ratio of BSS:BSSG (termed essential sterolin formulation, ESF) showed higher stimulation than the individual sterols at the same concentration. In vivo activity of ESF was also demonstrated when volunteers ingested ESF for 4 weeks. Proliferation of their T-cells, stimulated maximally with PHA, was significantly enhanced (20-920%) when compared to baseline values. In vitro, ESF (1 microgram.ml) was able to significantly enhance the expression of CD25 and HLA-Dr activation antigens on T-cells and increased the secretion, into the medium, of IL-2 and gamma interferon. NK-cell activity was also increased by BSS and BSSG alone, but with EST a higher activity was always found at different effector:target ratios (100:1 12:1).

Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Adult; Antineoplastic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic; Drug Combinations; Female; HLA-DR Antigens; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-2; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Middle Aged; Sitosterols; T-Lymphocytes

Five compounds were isolated from the fruits of Vitex trifolia and identified on the basis of spectral data and chemical methods to be rho-hydroxybenzoic acid, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside, casticin and, 3,6,7-trimethylquercetagetin. Except beta-sitosterol all of the compounds were obtained from the fruits of the plant for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fruit; Parabens; Sitosterols

Four chemical compounds isolated from the root of Gossampinus malabarica were identified as daucosterol, oleanolic acid, hesperidin and potassium nitrate by physico-chemical constants and spectroscopic analysis.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Hesperidin; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis sinica and identified as lupeol, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, catechin, sucrose and palmitic acid on the basis of spectroscopic. Lupeol is found in Ampelopsis genus for the rirst time.

Topics: Catechin; Coumarins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Three compounds were isolated from the root of Boehmeria nivea and elucidated according to their spectroscopic data as beta-sitosterol, daucosterol and 19 alpha-hydroxyursolic acid. They are obtained from the herb for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Magnoliopsida; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Ecliptasaponin C (1), a new triterpenoid glucoside, was isolated together with daucosterol (2) and stigmasterol-3-O-glucoside (3) from Eclipta alba. Based on spectral analysis, chemical evidence and hydrolytic results, it's structure was deduced as 3-beta-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-19beta-hydroxy olean-12-ene-28-oic acid 28-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, Compounds 2 and 3 were obtained from Eclipta for the fist time.

Topics: Asteraceae; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Three compounds have been isolated from the seeds of Astragalus chinensis. Their structures were identified on the basis of spectral data (UV, 13CNMR, 1HNMR, IR and MS) as octacosane, daucosterol and kaempferol.

Topics: Alkanes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fabaceae; Flavonoids; Kaempferols; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols

Three compounds were obtained for the first time from the rhizome of Sparganium stoloniferum and identified as beta-sitosterol, succinic acid and daucosterol by comparing with the known specimens. Twenty-one fatty acids were separated and identified by GC-MS.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fatty Acids; Sitosterols

Twelve compounds were isolated from the roots of Stellera chamaejasma. Five of them were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods as 3', 14-dimethyl-4', 11-dimethoxy-5, 7-dihydroxybenzoflavanone (10), daphnetin (1), umbelliferone (2), daucosterol (5) and beta-sitosterol (3). Compound 10 is new. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 10 were isolated for the first time from S. chamaejasme.

Topics: Benzoflavones; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Molecular Structure; Sitosterols; Umbelliferones

Four compounds were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. They were identified as daucosstero, beta-L-arabopyranose, steraric acid and palmitic acid on the basis of spectral data and chemical properties. All of them were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Palmitic Acid; Palmitic Acids; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Trees

Ethyl octacosate, docosyl hexylate, a new compound stigmast-4-ene-1,3-dione, beta-sitosterol and daucosterol were isolated and identified from the roots and rhizomes of Amomum villosum cultivated in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. Two compounds daucosterol and emodin monoglycoside were isolated and identified from the stems of A. villosum.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Emodin; Glycosides; Molecular Structure; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Five compounds were isolated from the rhizome of Rhodiola kirilowii. Based on spectral studies and chemical analysis the structures were established as tyrosol, daucosterol, lotaustralin, salidroside and sucrose.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Nitriles; Sitosterols

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Mannitol; Sitosterols

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Furocoumarins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Sitosterols

Six compounds were isolated from the seeds of Arctium lappa L. One of them is a new lignan named neoarctin B(VI). The structure has been elucidated on the basis of spectral (UV, IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, DEPT, 2D-NMR and MS) analysis. The other five compounds were identified as daucosterol (I), arctigenin (II), arctiin (III), matairesinol (IV) and lappaol F (V).

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Furans; Glucosides; Lignans; Molecular Structure; Sitosterols

Four compounds were isolated from the fruit of cultivated Panax ginseng and identified as beta-sitosterol,20(R)-protopanaxatriol, daucosterine and 20(R)-ginsenoside-Rg3 on the basis of physicochemical constants and spectral evidences.

Topics: Fruit; Panax; Plants, Medicinal; Sapogenins; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Populus tomentosa Carr. a Chinese folk medicine, has been used for treatment of arthritic disease. A new flavonoid(1), with molecular formula C30H26O12 was isolated from this plant along with four known compounds. They were identified as apigenin-7-O-(6"-O-p-coumaroyl)-beta-D-glucopyranoside (I), salicin (II), tremulodin (III), tremulacin (IV) and daucosterol (V) by the use of 1HNMR, 13CNMR and 1H-13C COSY spectroscopy.

Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Apigenin; Benzyl Alcohols; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Sitosterols

Five constituents were isolated from the stems of Oplopanax elatus. They were identified as syringin, daucosterol, beta-sitosterol, L-rhamnose and surcose.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Phenylpropionates; Rhamnose; Sitosterols

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Phenylpropionates; Sitosterols

Beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside and its aglycone (the major constituent of the seed oil of Hippophae rhamnoides L.) were investigated for their antigastroulcerative activity in rats. Two experimental gastric ulcer models were selected: chronic acetic acid-induced ulcers and cold stress-induced ulcers. Both the glucoside and its aglycone showed antiulcerative activity in chronic acetic acid-induced gastric ulcer models, and their effects were at least comparable to the effects of wishupin in combination with cimetidine. The effect of aglycone appears better than the glucoside's. Glucoside also showed visibly antiulcerative effects on cold stress-induced ulcers, but wishupin combined with cimetidine did not have such effects.

Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Animals; Anti-Ulcer Agents; Female; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sitosterols; Stomach Ulcer; Stress, Physiological

From the extract of dry roots of Rehmannia glutimosa, fatty acids, palmitic acid, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol and sulfur (Ss) cyclic compound were isolated and identified. The latter four were isolated for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acids; Sitosterols

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols; Succinates; Succinic Acid; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

beta-Sitosterol, beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside and a butyrolactone lignan disaccharide, ramontoside, were isolated from the heartwood of Flacourtia ramontchi. The structure of ramontoside was determined as diphyllin-4-O-[beta-D-glucopyranosyl(1---4)]-beta- 2,3-di-O-methyl-D-xylopyranoside by hydrolysis and spectral data.

Topics: Acetylation; Carbohydrate Sequence; Dioxolanes; Glycosides; Hydrolysis; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Drug Carriers; Drug Delivery Systems; Endothelium, Vascular; Glucosides; Hemostatic Techniques; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lipoproteins; Liposomes; Permeability; Sitosterols; Sterols; Tissue Distribution

A known compound and a new glycoside, epigeoside, were isolated from the rhizomes of Epigynum auritum (Schneid.) Tsiang et P. T. Li (Apocynaceae). The structure of known compound was identified as daucosterol (beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside). The structure of epigeoside has been deduced on the basis of spectral analysis and chemical reactions as catechin-3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1----4)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-- --6) -beta-D-glucopyranoside. Partial hydrolysis of II with 0.2 mol/L HCl afforded compound IIa and rhamnose. Acid hydrolysis of IIa with 2 mol/L HCl afforded an aglycone which was identified by comparison with catechin, and glucose.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Catechin; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glycosides; Sitosterols

Three compounds were isolated from the stem and leaves of Alyxia levinei. On the basis of spectrometric analysis and physico-chemical constants they were identified as oleanolic acid, betulin and beta-sitosterol-D-glucoside respectively.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Five constituents, 2-furoic acid, succinic acid, ursolic acid, quercetin and daucosterol were isolated and identified from Osbeckia chinensis. All of them are reported to have been found from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Furans; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Succinates; Succinic Acid; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

The bulb of Fritillaria anhuiensis, a substitute for the traditional Chinese medicine Beimu, has been used as antibechic and expectorant. From the either soluble part of the bulb, four constituents were isolated and identified by spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1HNMR, 13CNMR) as beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, ent-kaur-15-en-17-ol and ent-kauran-16 beta, 17-diol.

Topics: Diterpenes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Sitosterols

Six compounds were isolated from Agapetes obouata. On the basis of physico-chemical constants and spectral analysis they were identified as friedelin (I), fernenal (II), beta-sitosterol (III), daucosterol (IV), beta-sitosterol glucutonide (V) and n-tridecane (VI) respectively.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Four compounds were isolated from the roots of Adenophora stricta. On the basis of spectrometric analysis and physicochemical constants, they were identified as beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, taraxerone and octacasanoic acid respectively. Taraxerone and octacasanoic acid were isolated from the plants of Adenophora for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Fatty Acids; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols

Beta-Sitosterol-3-beta-D-glucoside (1) has been reported to be the active antidiabetic agent of Centaurea seridis L. var. maritima. The present study examines the effect of oral administration of this compound on plasma insulin and glucose levels in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats and its influence on insulin release from isolated rat islets. The results indicate that 1 did not change insulin and glucose levels in rats with severe diabetes. 1 stimulated insulin release from isolated rat islets in the presence of a non-stimulatory glucose concentration but did not increase the insulin releasing capacity of glucose (16 mmol/l). These data suggest that 1 exerts its action on intact pancreatic beta-cells by stimulating insulin secretion.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Insulin Secretion; Islets of Langerhans; Mice; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sitosterols

Three compounds were isolated from benzene and acetone extracts of the root-sprouts of Agrimonia pilosa Ledeb. On the basis of physicochemical properties, spectroscopy (UV, IR, NMR, MS, CD, GC) and chemical degradation, two known compounds were identified as palmitic acid (VIII) and daucosterol (IX), one new compound was elucidated as (2S,3S)-(-)-taxifolin-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (X).

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Palmitic Acids; Quercetin; Sitosterols

Experiments were carried out on mice and the subjects irradiated for cancer therapy to evaluate the protective efficacy of a Chinese medicinal herb-compound (CMHC). The lethality and the degree of leucopenia caused by radiation in mice medicated with CMHC were significantly less in comparison with control mice (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). CMHC significantly improved the WBC and the thrombocytes in irradiated workers (p less than 0.01 and p less than 0.001, respectively). The WBC count of 40 patients under radiotherapy while treated with CMHC recovered from 3450 +/- 77/c.mm to 5425 +/- 264/c.mm (p less than 0.001); whereas, in the control group, without any medication, the WBC count dropped significantly (p less than 0.001). Our results revealed the applicabilities of CMHC in protection against radiation damage in spaceflight and in other fields.

Topics: Animals; Asparagine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Hemostatics; Humans; Incidence; Leukopenia; Mice; Neoplasms; Phenylpropionates; Radiation Injuries, Experimental; Radiotherapy; Sitosterols

Heptatriacontane, benzoic acid, succinic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, daucosterol, D-mannitol, D-glucose, sucrose and choline chloride were isolated from the roots of Arisaema fargesii collected from Gansu Province. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic methods and a few chemical transformations. The twelve compounds have not been reported before as constituents of Arisaema fargesii.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Sitosterols; Succinates; Succinic Acid

In this paper four compounds isolated from Radix Ophiopogonis are described. Their structures have been identified as beta-sitosterol (I), 6-aldehydo-7-methoxy-isoophiopogonanone B (II), beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucopyranoside (III) and 1-borneol-beta-D-apisyl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV) on the basis of spectral data and hydrolytic reaction.

Topics: Camphanes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Glucosides; Isoflavones; Saponins; Sitosterols

Seven compounds were isolated from the roots of Aralia continentalis. Four of these compounds were identified as ent-kaur-16-en-19-oic acid, beta-sitosterol glucoside (daucosterol), beta-sitosterol and 16 alpha-hydroxy-(-)-kauran-19-oic acid. It is the first time that 16 alpha-hydroxy-(-)-karan-19-oic acid and beta-sitosterol glucoside were isolated from this plant.

Topics: Diterpenes; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Sitosterols

A new bergenin derivative isolated from the root of Ardisia crenata was determined to be 11-o-syringylbergenin by spectral methods. Other compounds were identified as spinasterol, series fatty acids, beta-sitosterol-beta-D-glucoside, norbergenin and sucrose respectively. The last three were obtained for the first time from the genus of Ardisia.

Topics: Benzopyrans; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Sucrose

[4-14C]Sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside, intragastrically administered to rats, was not absorbed by the intestinal mucosa. At three hr after the application, radioactivity was concentrated almost exclusively in the digesta of stomach, small intestine as well as cecum and colon, whereas only low proportions of radioactively labeled compounds were found in the various tissues of the gastrointestinal tract. Minor proportions of labeled metabolites of [4-14C]sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside, such as sitosterol and sitosteryl esters, were formed in the small intestine in vivo and in slices of small intestine in vitro. In the tissues of cecum and colon as well as the digesta derived from them, high proportions of labeled coprositostanol, i.e. 24 alpha-ethyl-5 beta-cholestan-3 beta-ol, that obviously had been formed by bacterial degradation of the substrate were detected. The feeding of sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside (0.5 g/kg body weight X day) over a period of four weeks did not alter significantly body weights or organ weights of rats. Analyses of steryl lipids of the various organs and tissues confirmed the findings obtained with the radioactive substrate: neither sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside nor sitosterol or sitosteryl esters derived therefrom had been transported in appreciable amounts to organs and tissues outside the alimentary canal during the feeding period. Minor proportions of unmetabolized sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside were detected in the tissues of stomach and intestine, whereas large proportions of the substrate were found in feces of rats that had received the sitosteryl beta-D-glucoside-containing diet; coprositostanol was found in feces of these animals in high proportions as well.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carbon Radioisotopes; Female; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sitosterols; Tissue Distribution

Grewia bicolor is a small tree, parts of which are used in Sudanese traditional medicine for treating pustulent skin lesions, internally on indication of a delayed afterbirth and sometimes as a tranquilizer. A phytochemical investigation of Grewia bicolor gave the following results: the petroleum ether extract afforded beta-sitosterol and beta-sitosterol- and triterpene esters, and the triterpenes lupeol and betulin. The methanol extract afforded: beta-sitosterol-glucoside and three alkaloids, harman, 6-methoxyharman and 6-hydroxyharman. The latter is the main alkaloid. The methanol extract shows activity against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms and causes a strong contraction of the isolated rat uterus which can be blocked by methysergide.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Female; Harmine; In Vitro Techniques; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Rats; Sitosterols; Sterols; Sudan; Terpenes; Uterus

Topics: Antihypertensive Agents; Coumarins; Fabaceae; Hydantoins; Medicine, Chinese Traditional; Medicine, East Asian Traditional; Phytotherapy; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

The ability of plasma lipoproteins to act as carriers in site-specific drug delivery systems was evaluated by determining the disposition and pharmacological effects of beta-sitosteryl-beta-D-glucopyranoside (SG, 3). In the disposition studies, [3H]SG was absorbed from the intestinal tract by the formation of chylomicrons and was specifically associated with lipoproteins in vivo. [3H]SG was incorporated into various rat plasma lipoproteins in vitro. [3H]SG complexed with the lower density lipoproteins (d less than 1.063 g/mL), especially with the intermediate density lipoproteins (1.006 less than or equal to d less than 1.019 g/mL) which following intravenous administration to rats. In pharmacological studies, the hemostatic effect of SG in mice and the inhibitory effect of SG on vascular permeability in rats were only observed after intravenous administration of the complexes of SG with the lower density lipoproteins. The same results were obtained after the intravenous administration of the complexes of SG with human and mouse lipoproteins.

Topics: Animals; Capillary Permeability; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Hemostasis; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Lipoproteins; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmaceutical Vehicles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sitosterols; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Animals; Cathartics; Flavonoids; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Sitosterols

Topics: China; Glaucarubin; Phenanthrenes; Plants, Medicinal; Quassins; Sitosterols

Topics: Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Glycosides; Plants; Sitosterols