cytellin and lupeol

In this research article, we investigated the effect of Euphorbia bivonae extract compounds on the lethality of brine shrimp Artemia salina and on embryonic cell lines (HEK293) proliferation. Our GC/MS analysis revealed that the E. bivonae ethanolic extract contained essentially sitosterol, euphol, and lupeol. The 24-h LC50 was determined using the probit analysis method (LC50=357.11 mg l

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Artemia; Euphorbia; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Kidney; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols

Topics: Adipocytes; Adipogenesis; Cell Cycle; Glucose; Moringa oleifera; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry is used widely used for the quantitative analysis of phytoconstituents present in medicinal plants to assess the quality of extract used for different investigations.. A sensitive, precise, and accurate liquid chromatographic method with tandem mass spectrometric detection was developed for simultaneous quantification of lupeol, betulinic acid, and β-sitosterol in the methanolic extract of Madhuca longifolia bark.. The three compounds were eluted with a stationary phase Gemini C18 column (50 × 2.0 mm, 3 μm id) and the temperature of the column was maintained by a column oven at 40 ± 0.3°C; mobile phase A (water and 0.1% formic acid) and mobile phase B [acetonitrile-methanol (50+50, v/v) and 0.1% formic acid] were used in a gradient mode and the flow rate was 0.4 mL/min.. With these conditions, the retention time for betulinic acid, lupeol, and β-sitosterol was found to be 1.25, 3.08, and 3.53 minutes, respectively. The total run time was 5.0 min. Detection and quantitation of all three phytoconstituents were carried out by the mass spectrometer, a triple quadrupole equipped with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization, and multiple reaction monitoring using the predominantly positive ion mode and obtained much higher and more stable response nebulizer gas flow at 3.0 L/min. Linear responses were exhibited for all three phytoconstituents with a dynamic linear range of 10-100 μg/mL with the values of the regression coefficient more than 0.995 for betulinic acid, lupeol, and β-sitosterol. The values of percentage RSD for intraday and interday precision were found to be within the accepted limits for analytical methods (<15%). Selectivity, linearity, LOD, LOQ, accuracy, and precision were evaluated for all three phytoconstituents as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines.. The proposed method is accurate and sensitive and can be used for the routine quantification of betulinic acid, lupeol, and β-sitosterol from the herbal extract and its poly-herbal formulations.

Topics: Betulinic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Madhuca; Methanol; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Reproducibility of Results; Sitosterols

This study investigated the direct citric acid hydrolysis extraction method to optimize phytosterols extraction from hickory husk. Single factor experiments followed by a three-level three-factor Box-Behnken experiments were performed. The optimal extraction parameters were determined as: pH of 2.0, liquid-to-solid ratio of 17.12: 1 mL/g, and temperature of 55.81 °C. Practical experiments were carried out in triplicate, and subsequently yielded phytosterols of 912.452 ± 17.452 μg/g DW, in good consistence with the predicted extraction yield of 902.874 μg/g DW. The conductivity of the extract was also found to play effective role under direct citric acid hydrolysis and recorded 36.30 ± 1.08 μs/cm at optimum extraction condition. β-Sitosterol stigmasterol, campsterol, ergosterol and lupeol were detected as main PSs and triterpenoids in hickory husk using UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS. Finally, the comparison between direct hydrolysis extraction and traditional solvent extraction showed that this new method was more effective and eco-friendlier to extract both free and conjugated phytosterols.

Topics: Carya; Citric Acid; Ergosterol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Models, Theoretical; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytosterols; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

The leaves of Garcinia epunctata Stapf have furnished two new phenolic glucosides, epunctosides A and B, along with 13 known secondary metabolites identified as lanceoloside A, betulinic acid, lupeol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, stigmasterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, quercitin-7-O-glucoside, amentoflavone, robustaflavone, 4'-O-methyl-amentoflavone and 4'-O-methyl-robustaflavone. All structures were established from chemical and spectroscopic evidence including 1D and 2D NMR data as well as by comparing the obtained spectroscopic data with literature. This is the first report of the presence of phenolic glucosides in the genus Garcinia.

Topics: Betulinic Acid; Biflavonoids; Garcinia; Glycosides; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phenols; Plant Leaves; Secondary Metabolism; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Topics: Antigens, CD; Antioxidants; Breast Neoplasms; Butadienes; Cadherins; Cell Line; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA Methylation; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Silencing; Histone Deacetylase 1; Histones; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Isoenzymes; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; MCF-7 Cells; Nitriles; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Signal Transduction; Sitosterols; Snail Family Transcription Factors

Aberrant epigenetic modifications are responsible for tumor development and cancer progression; however, readily reversible. Bioactive molecules from diets are promising to cure cancer by modulating epigenetic marks and changing immune response. These compounds specifically target the activity of DNMTs and HDACs to cure various human cancers. In view of this, we investigated the anticancer and epigenetic regulatory activities of an edible-plant Paederia foetida. The efficacy of methanolic extract of P. foetida leaves (MEPL) was tested for the modulation of epigenetic factors in gene silencing, i.e. DNMT and HDAC and expression pattern of certain tumor-suppressor genes. After treatment of prostate cancer cells (PC-3 and DU-145) with MEPL, lupeol and β-sitosterol; induction of apoptosis, decrease in cellular-viability and inhibition of cellular-migration were noticed. Simultaneously there was inhibition of DNMT1, HDACs and pro-inflammatory, IL-6, IL1-β, TNF-α and anti-inflammatory, IL-10 genes in cancer and THP1 cell lines. The DNMT1 protein content, enzyme activity and Bcl2 expression decreased significantly; however, expression of E-cadherin (CDH1) and pro-apoptotic gene Bax increased significantly after the treatment of cells with drugs. We conclude plant-derived compounds can be considered to target epigenetic machineries involved with malignant transformation and can open new avenues for cancer therapeutics provoking immune response.

Topics: Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Histone Deacetylase 1; Histone Deacetylase 2; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Prostatic Neoplasms; RNA, Messenger; Rubiaceae; Sitosterols

Tephrosia purpurea (L.) Pers., commonly known as "sarpunkha" and "wild indigo", is being used in traditional systems of medicine to treat liver disorders, spleen and kidney. In the present study, a validated High Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) method was established for the estimation of lupeol, β-sitosterol and rotenone in various extracts of T. purpurea with the aim to see the effect of seasons on the quantity of aforesaid phytoconstituents. The plant material was collected in summer (April), rainy (August) and winter (December) during 2013-2014 from Lucknow, India. The method was validated in terms of precision, repeatability, specificity, sensitivity linearity and robustness. The method permits reliable quantification and showed good resolution on silica gel with toluene-ethyl acetate-formic acid (9:1:1 v/v/v) as mobile phase, and characteristic bands of β-sitosterol, rotenone and lupeol were observed at Rf 0.38, 0.45 and 0.52, respectively. The content of aforesaid phytoconstituents varies from season to season and extract to extract. Our finding indicated that winter season (December) may not be appropriate for collection of T. purpurea for the preparation of therapeutic formulations because of the high content of rotenone, a known insecticide that is responsible for Parkinson's disease and associated with heart failure, fatty liver and liver necrosis.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; India; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Rotenone; Seasons; Sitosterols; Tephrosia

Bombax ceiba is used traditionally to treat bone disorders, rheumatism, and joint pain. The aim of the study is to carry out osteogenic activity in-vitro and anti-osteoporotic activity in-vivo of stem bark of B. ceiba in surgical ovariectomy model in female rats.. Plant drug: B. ceiba stem bark was extracted with solvents petroleum ether and methanol using Soxhlet extraction. In-vitro osteoblastic proliferation study was performed using UMR-106 cell lines. Both the extracts were undergone to acute toxicity study as per OECD423 guidelines. Female Wistar albino rats 180-240 g were used (n = 6). Surgical ovariectomy was performed under anesthesia to induce bone porosity and loss in all animals except normal control and sham control. Each extract was administered at two dose level: 100 and 200 mg/kg and the standard Raloxifene was given at 1 mg/kg orally for 28 days. The phytochemical study of both the extracts was performed using HPLC and HPTLC.. A significant osteoblast cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity were observed with B. ceiba extracts in UMR-106 cell lines. Surgical removal of ovaries produced significant (p < 0.05) decline in bone mineral density, bone breaking strength, serum ALP, calcium, phosphorus, and estradiol level and marked bone tissue destruction in histology. Administration of petroleum ether and methanolic extract for 28 days significantly (p < 0.05) ameliorated the consequences of ovariectomy induced bone porosity and restored the normal architecture of bone, as compared to OVX control. The phytochemical screening of both the extracts were also carried out. The quantification of phytoconstituents showed the presence of β-sitosterol and lupeol in petroleum ether extract, whereas the lupeol is also quantified in the methanolic extract. The presence of gallic acid was quantified in methanolic extract using HPLC.. B. ceiba: stem bark ameliorated the state of bone fragility and fracture possibly due to estrogenic modulation, as also confirmed by in-vitro osteogenic activity which may be due to the presence of lupeol, gallic acid and β-sitosterol constituents of the plant.

Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bombax; Cell Proliferation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Gallic Acid; Osteoblasts; Osteoporosis; Ovariectomy; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sitosterols

Arthritis is a chronic inflammatory disease which reduces the life quality of affected individuals. Therapeutic tools used for treating inflammatory pain are associated with several undesirable effects.

Topics: Acute Pain; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Arthritis, Experimental; Brazil; Buddleja; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Ethnopharmacology; Gels; Hot Temperature; Male; Mice; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Viscosity

Oxidative stress interferes with the functional roles of the hippocampus and results in cognitive decline. Antioxidant supplementation has a cognitive enhancing activity through protecting hippocampus brain cells from the damaging effects of the reactive oxygen species. The dried methanolic extract of the aboveground parts of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori (Moringaceae) was hypothesized to have memory-enhancing activity via its antioxidative properties. HPLC and LC-MS methods were used for qualitative analysis of the marker compounds. Six major compounds of the methanolic extract of M. peregrina were identified, namely, rutin, myricetin, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol acetate, and β-sitosterol. Male Wistar rats were administered via oral gavage three dose levels (50, 100, and 500 mg/kg) of M. peregrina methanolic extract for 2 months. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to test spatial learning and memory. In addition, ELISA was used to analyze the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to assess the level of some oxidative stress markers. M. peregrina (150 mg/kg) resulted in short- and long-term memory enhancement (P < 0.05). Moreover, M. peregrina administration elevated BDNF levels in the hippocampus (P < 0.05) and caused favorable changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In particular, an increase in glutathione (GSH), a decrease in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the hippocampus were elicited after treatment with M. peregrina. Taken together, our data show that oral administration of M. peregrina enhances both short- and long-term memory functions via combating oxidative stress and increasing BDNF levels in the hippocampus. Consuming this safe plant may thus help promote spatial learning and improve memory.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Flavonoids; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Moringa; Oleanolic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rutin; Sitosterols

Luehea species are found in almost all Central and South American countries. The present work describes the phytochemical study, isolation, and structural characterisation of friedelin, β-friedelinol, lupeol, pseudotaraxasterol, β-sitosterol, betulinic acid, taraxasterol, (-)-epicatechin, β-sitosterol-3-O-β-d-glucopyranoside, and (+)-epicatechin-(4β→8)-epicatechin from stem barks of Luehea ochrophylla Mart. The structural identification of the isolated compounds was mainly performed by NMR analyses and comparison with the data from literature. These compounds were isolated for the first time in the genus Luehea, except β-sitosterol glucopyranoside, (-)-epicatechin, and lupeol. Hexane extract (HE) and dichloromethane (DF) and ethyl acetate (AF) fractions exhibited antiparasitic activity against amastigote (intracellular) and trypomastigote culture forms of Trypanosoma cruzi. The ethanol extract (EE), DF, and ethanol fraction (EF) exhibited considerable antifungal activity against Candida albicans. Moreover, extracts and fractions exhibited significant percentage of capture free radicals of 2,2-diphenyl-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) when compared to the standard of ascorbic acid.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Antiparasitic Agents; Betulinic Acid; Chlorocebus aethiops; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Glucosides; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Malvaceae; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Sterols; Triterpenes; Vero Cells

Carissa congesta and Benincasa hispida are well-known medicinally important plants associated with diabetes, inflammation, protozal infections and cancer. Here, we emphasized up on the immunomodulatory potential of these plants as the source of lupeol, P-sitosterol and ursolic acid. Petroleum ether extracts of C. congesta roots and B. hispida seeds were subjected to acute toxicity studies. They were screened for its immunomodulatory prospective in rats by Haemagglutination Antibody (HA) titre and Delayed-Type Hypersensitivity (DTH) response using Sheep Red Blood Cells (SRBCs of-0.5x10⁹) as antigens. Carbon Clearance test (Phagocytic Index) was estimated by Indian ink suspension. Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) induced arthritis model interpretation was done by paw edema, kene joint erosion (transverse section), body weights, arthritic index and biochemical levels (RBC, WBC and Hb levels). Both the extracts were found to be therapeutically safe up to 5000 mg/kg. Dosage of 100 mg/kg was not satisfactory; and 500 and 250 mg/kg showed significant immunostimmulation (HA Titre) and immunosuppression (DTH response, 48 h). Benincasa hispida seed and Carissa congesta root extracts showed phagocytic Index of 0.0163±0.003, 0.0145±0.003 and 0.0183±0.003, 0.0176±0.003 at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg, respectively. CFA model revealed that the B. hispida seed and C. congesta root extracts decreased paw volume, knee joint erosion, increased body weights and biochemical parameters with an arthritic index of 1.31±0.12, 1.44±0.15 and 1. 16±0.09, 1.36±0.13 at 250 mg/kg and 500 mg, respectively. The results were interpreted by One- way ANOVA followed by Dunnett test. Extracts showed relevance as promising immunostimulators as compared to control.

Topics: Animals; Apocynaceae; Arthritis, Experimental; Cucurbitaceae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Freund's Adjuvant; Hemagglutination; Hypersensitivity, Delayed; Immunologic Factors; Male; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phagocytosis; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Rats, Wistar; Seeds; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

In this study, the anti-tumour-promoting and thermal-induced protein denaturation inhibitory activities of β-sitosterol (1) and lupeol (2), isolated from Diospyros lotus L., were explored. Compound 1 showed a marked concentration-dependent inhibition against 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (20 ng/32 pmol)-induced Epstein-Barr virus early antigen activation in Raji cells with IC50 of 270 μg/ml, without significant toxicity (70% viability). Compound 2 showed significant anti-tumour-promoting effect with IC50 of 412 μg/ml, without significant toxicity (60% viability). In heat-induced protein denaturation assay, compound 1 exhibited a concentration-dependent attenuation with a maximum effect of 73.5% at 500 μg/ml with EC50 of 117 μg/ml, while compound 2 exhibited a maximum effect of 59.2% at 500 μg/ml with EC50 of 355 μg/ml. Moreover, in silico docking studies against the phosphoinositide 3-kinase enzyme also show the inhibitory potency of these compounds. In short, both the compounds exhibited a marked anti-tumour-promoting and potent inhibitory effect on thermal-induced protein denaturation.

Topics: Animals; Antigens, Viral; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Diospyros; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Mice; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Protein Denaturation; Sitosterols; Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate

Oxidative stress acts as an essential mediator in the pathophysiology of urolithiasis. Lepidagathis prostrata Dalz. (Acanthaceae) is a Pashanbhed plant that is recommended for the management of urolithiasis; however, no scientific validation has been reported.. To evaluate the antiurolithiatic and antioxidant potential of L. prostrata.. Methanol extract (LPM) and fractions; petroleum ether (LPPE), ethyl acetate (LPEA), n-butanol (LPBU) and aqueous (LPAQ) were prepared. In vitro antiurolithiatic activity was evaluated by the capacity to inhibit calcium oxalate (CaOx) nucleation and aggregation at different concentrations of extract/fractions (0.04-3 mg/mL) for 30 min. Total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant potential were determined. A validated HPTLC method was performed to quantify lupeol and β-sitosterol.. LPEA exhibited the highest dose-dependent inhibition of CaOx nucleation (IC50: 336.23 ± 30.79 µg/mL) and aggregation (IC50: 149.63 ± 10.31 µg/mL), which was significantly (p < 0.05) better than standard Cystone®. The polar LPBU fraction was enriched with phenols (47.34 ± 0.19 mg GAE/g) and flavonoids (20.38 ± 0.05 mg QE/g), which correlates with its highest antioxidant potential in DPPH, ABTS, nitric oxide scavenging and iron chelating activities (IC50: 1.18-87.34 µg/mL). To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting the presence of lupeol and β-sitosterol in L. prostrata.. The antiurolithiatic activity of L. prostrata is probably mediated through the inhibition of CaOx crystallization. In addition to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant activities, it would act as an excellent agent for the prevention of urolithiasis.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Antioxidants; Calcium Oxalate; Crystallization; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Iron Chelating Agents; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Urolithiasis; Urological Agents

Structures of some bioactive phytochemicals in bran extract of the black rice cv. Riceberry that had demonstrated anti-cancer activity in leukemic cell line were investigated. After saponification with potassium hydroxide, separation of the unsaponified fraction by reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) resulted in four sub-fractions that had a certain degree of anti-proliferation against a mouse leukemic cell line (WEHI-3 cell), this being IC50 at 24 h ranging between 2.80-467.11 μg/mL. Further purification of the bioactive substances contained in these four sub-fractions was performed by normal-phase HPLC. Structural characterization by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) resulted in, overall, the structures of seven phytosterols and four triterpenoids. Four phytosterols, 24-methylene-ergosta-5-en-3β-ol, 24-methylene-ergosta-7-en-3β-ol, fucosterol, and gramisterol, along with three triterpenoids, cycloeucalenol, lupenone, and lupeol, were found in the two sub-fractions that showed strong anti-leukemic cell proliferation (IC50 = 2.80 and 32.89 μg/mL). The other sterols and triterpenoids were campesterol, stigmasterol, β-sitosterol and 24-methylenecycloartanol. Together with the data from in vitro biological analysis, we suggest that gramisterol is a significant anti-cancer lead compound in Riceberry bran extract.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Cell Line, Tumor; Cholesterol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Leukemia; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Molecular Structure; Oryza; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytosterols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Seeds; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Nardostachys jatamansi DC is a Himalayan medicinal herb that has been described in various traditional systems of medicine for its use in cancer. In view of its traditional claims, and chemical constituents, antioxidant and anticancer activities were evaluated in breast carcinoma.. Petroleum ether (NJPE), methanol extract (NJM) and subsequent diethyl ether (NJDE), ethyl acetate (NJEA) and aqueous (NJAQ) fractions of roots and rhizomes of N. jatamansi were prepared. Total phenolic, flavonoid content, and antioxidant activities were determined using suitable methods. Antiproliferative activity was assessed in estrogen receptor (ER)-positive (MCF-7) and ER-negative breast carcinoma (MDA-MB-231) cells by MTT and SRB assay. Cell cycle analysis, Hoechst staining, and clonogenic assay were employed to determine the mode of antiproliferative and pro-apoptotic activity in MDA-MB-231 cells.. NJM/fractions exhibited prominent antioxidant activity with significant correlation between phenolic content and ABTS (IC50) scavenging (R = -0.9680, P < 0.05), and total antioxidant capacity (R = 0.8396, P > 0.05). In MTT assay, NJM exhibited the highest antiproliferative activity (IC50: 58.01 ± 6.13 and 23.83 ± 0.69 μg/mL in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 respectively). Among the fractions, NJPE and NJDE were found to be most potent in MCF-7 (IC50: 60.59 ± 4.78 μg/mL) and MDA-MB-231 (IC50: 25.04 ± 0.90 μg/mL) cells respectively. Statistical analyses revealed NJM and NJDE exhibited significantly higher (P < 0.05) cytotoxicity in MDA-MB-231 cells. Cell cycle analysis demonstrated that NJM, NJPE and NJEA caused G2/M arrest while NJDE caused G0/G1 phase arrest in MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, NJM/fractions induced significant (P < 0.001) cell death by apoptosis characterized by apoptotic morphological changes in Hoechst staining and inhibited long-term proliferation (P < 0.001) of MDA-MB-231 cells in clonogenic assay. Lupeol and β-sitosterol were identified as anticancer principles in NJM/fractions by HPTLC.. Our results suggest that NJM/fractions possess significant antiproliferative potential which is mediated through cell cycle perturbation and pro-apoptotic effects in MDA-MB-231 cells. Moreover, this study highlights the antioxidant potential of NJM/fractions which can be attributed to the presence of phenols. NJDE emerged as the most potent fraction and further mechanistic and phytochemical investigations are under way to identify the active principles.

Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Apoptosis; Breast Neoplasms; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Female; Flavonoids; G1 Phase; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Nardostachys; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phenols; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Polyphenols; Receptors, Estrogen; Rhizome; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents from the branches and leaves of Syzygium samarangense.. The dried branches and leaves of Syzygium samarangense were powdered and extracted with 95% ethanol, then partitioned with petroleum ether, chloroform and ethyl acetate. The chloroform fraction was subjected to silica gel, Sephdex L-20 and preparative HPLC. The structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.. 14 compounds were respectively isolated and identified as ursolic aldehyde(1), betulin(2), betulinic aldehyde(3), betulinic acid(4), lupeol(5), β-sitosterol(6), 5, 7-dihydroxy-6-methylflavanone(7), 2', 4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-methyldihydrochalcone (8), 2', 4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3'-methylchalcone (9), 5, 7-dihydroxy-6, 8-dimethylflavanone (10), 5, 7-dihydroxyflavanone (11), 2', 4'-dihydroxy-6'-methoxy-3', 5'-dimethyldihydrochalcone (12), 2'-hydroxy-4', 6'-dimethoxy-3'-methylchalcone(13) and p-hydroxyb6nzaldehyde(14).. Compounds 1 - 4 and 14 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Betulinic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Syzygium; Triterpenes

To investigate the chemical constituents from the stems and branches of Sorbaria arborea.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and recrystallization. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and spectra analysis.. Ten compounds were isolated and identified as ursolic acid (1), cucurbitacin F (2), (-) -epicatechin (3), daucosterol (4), arbutin (5), 3-O-β-anthemisol (6), 2,6-dimethoxy-p-hydroquinone-4-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (7), lupeol (8), betulin (9) and lup-20 (29) -en-3β, 30-diol (10).. All the compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time, and compounds 1, 6 - 8 and 10 are obtained from Sorbaria genus for the first time.

Topics: Arbutin; Catechin; Chromatography; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytochemicals; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Rosaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Antioxidant activity in edible fruits is an important characteristic in the choice of fruits for human consumption, and has profound influence on nutrition and health. Two pharmacologically active triterpenoids, β-sitosterol and lupeol, and the powerful flavan-3-ol antioxidant, (+)-catechin, were isolated from the edible fruits of Harpephyllum caffrum while a mixture of cardanols, an alkyl p-coumaric acid ester, and (+)-catechin were isolated from the stem bark. This is the first report of these compounds being isolated from this plant. The antioxidant capacity of (+)-catechin was higher than the other isolated compounds as well as the known antioxidant, ascorbic acid.

Topics: Anacardiaceae; Antioxidants; Coumaric Acids; Flavonoids; Fruit; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phenols; Plant Bark; Plants, Medicinal; Propionates; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from the aerial part of Aconitum brachypodum.. The constituents were isolated and purified by silica gel, activated alumina and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography. their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral data and physiochemical evidence.. Eleven compounds were isolated from 80% ethanol extract and identified as secokaraconitine (1), brachyaconitines A (2), C (3), talatisamine (4), hypaconitine (5), songrine (6), bullatine A (7), 7-carbony sitosterone (8), lupeol (9), β-sitosterol (10) and daucosterol (11).. All compounds are isolated from the aerial part of Aconitum brachypodum for the first time.

Topics: Aconitum; Dextrans; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Components, Aerial; Sitosterols

To investigate the chemical constituents of the leaves of Clerodendrum trichotomum.. The chemical constituents of petroleum ether extract of the leaves of Clerodendrum trichotomum were isolated and purified by various chromatographic techniques, such as silica gel, ODS, Sephadex LH-20, semi-preparative HPLC and recrystallization. The structures of these isolated compounds were identified by spectroscopic analysis (1 H-NMR,13 C-NMR,2D-NMR and MS).. Ten compounds were isolated and identified from petroleum ether extract, containing four triterpenes, lupeol(1), friedelin(2), betulinic acid(3) and taraxerol(4); four sterols, 22-dehydroclerosterol(5), clerosterol(6), stigmasterol(7) and sitosterol(8); one diterpenoid, transphytol(9), and one alkaloid, 1H-indole-3-carboxylic acid(10).. Compound 10 is obtained from the genus Clerodendrum for the first time, and seven compounds (1,3-4, and 7-10) are firstly isolated from this plant.

Topics: Betulinic Acid; Clerodendrum; Indoles; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Sterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Previous methods for the quantitative analysis of phytosterols have usually used GC-MS and require elaborate sample preparation including chemical derivatization. Other common methods such as HPLC with absorbance detection do not provide information regarding the identity of the analytes. To address the need for an assay that utilizes mass selectivity while avoiding derivatization, a quantitative method based on LC-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) was developed and validated for the measurement of six abundant dietary phytosterols and structurally related triterpene alcohols including brassicasterol, campesterol, cycloartenol, β-sitosterol, stigmasterol, and lupeol in edible oils. Samples were saponified, extracted with hexane and then analyzed using reversed phase HPLC with positive ion atmospheric pressure chemical ionization tandem mass spectrometry and selected reaction monitoring. The utility of the LC-MS-MS method was demonstrated by analyzing 14 edible oils. All six compounds were present in at least some of the edible oils. The most abundant phytosterol in all samples was β-sitosterol, which was highest in corn oil at 4.35 ± 0.03 mg/g, followed by campesterol in canola oil at 1.84 ± 0.01 mg/g. The new LC-MS-MS method for the quantitative analysis of phytosterols provides a combination of speed, selectivity and sensitivity that exceed those of previous assays.

Topics: Cholestadienols; Cholesterol; Chromatography, Liquid; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytosterols; Plant Oils; Reproducibility of Results; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of the aerial part of Stauntonia obovatifoliola.. The chemical constituents of ethyl acetate fraction were isolated and purified by several chromatography. Their structures were elucidated by their physiochemical properties and spectral methods.. Six known compounds were isolated and identified as lupeone(1), lupeol(2), stigmasterol(3),3beta-O-acetyloleanolic acid(4), resinone(5) and daucosterol(6).. Compounds 1-6 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Components, Aerial; Rosaceae; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Studies on the chemical constituents from the stem bark of Grewia optiva have led to the isolation of two new compounds, grewialin (1) and optivanin (2), along with three known constituents which were hitherto unreported from this species. The structures of the new constituents have been elucidated by spectral studies including 1D and 2D NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, COSY, NOESY and J-resolved) as well as HR EI-MS spectroscopic data analysis, as 2S*-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3R*-methyl-2H-[1,4]-dioxin [2,3]-chromen-7(3H)-one (1); a coumarinolignan and 3-hydroxy-1-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl) propan-1-one (2). The known compounds were identified as β-sitosterol, stigmasterol and lupeol by comparing their spectral data with those reported in the literature.

Topics: Grewia; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Although serotherapy against snakebite has been discovered more than one hundred years ago, antivenom is not available all over Brazil. The use of plants from folk medicine is common mainly in the Brazilian Amazon area. One of these plants is named Humirianthera ampla (HA).. We have investigated HA extract and constituents' antiophidic activity in different experimental protocols against some Bothrops snake venoms (Bothrops jararacussu, Bothrops atrox and Bothrops jararaca). The protocols investigated include phospholipase, proteolytic, pro-coagulant, hemorrhagic, edematogenic and myotoxic activities induced by these venoms in Swiss mice.. All the venoms caused an increase in the rate of creatine kinase (CK) release from isolated muscles, indicating damage to the sarcolemma. The crude extract of HA decreased the myotoxic activity in a concentration-dependent fashion. The presence of HA 300 μg/mL decreased up to 96% of Bothrops jararacussu and 94% of Bothrops atrox myotoxicity after 90 min of exposure. In vivo myotoxicity of Bothrops atrox venom was decreased in 75% when the venom was preincubated with HA 500 mg/kg. Similar results were observed with lupeol against Bothrops jararacussu and Bothrops atrox venoms. The hemorrhagic activity was evaluated by intradermal injection of Bothrops atrox venom. Preincubation and oral pre- and posttreatment with HA decreased hemorrhage by 100%, 45% and 45%, respectively. Bothrops atrox venom also induced formation of edema, which was significantly inhibited by pre- and posttreatment with HA. All the venoms showed extensive pro-coagulating properties, and these activities were inhibited by up to 90% with HA, which presented concentration-dependent inhibition. Finally, proteolytic and phospholipase activities of the venoms were all inhibited by increasing concentrations of HA, lupeol and sitosterol. The inhibition of these activities might help explain the actions against in vivo myotoxicity and the in vivo effects observed, i.e., edema, myotoxicity, pro-coagulation and hemorrhage.. Altogether, our results give support for the popular use of HA extracts in cases of accidents with snakes, suggesting that it can be used as an adjunct in the management of venomous snakebites.

Topics: Animals; Antivenins; Bothrops; Brazil; Crotalid Venoms; Edema; Ethanol; Hemorrhage; Magnoliopsida; Male; Mice; Muscles; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phospholipases; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Sitosterols

Leaves and branches of Machaerium hirtum Vell. (Fabaceae), native to South America, were subjected to phytopharmacological investigation in order to identify its major chemical constituents and evaluate its extracts, fractions and isolated compounds in assays for anti-inflammatory activities. These were performed using mouse ear edema model, pleurisy and myeloperoxidase activity assays. Six compounds were isolated and identified as the flavanones swertisin and isovitexin, the alkaloid 4-hydroxy-N-methylproline, the triterpenes friedelin and lupeol, and the steroids sitosterol and stigmasterol. These compounds were identified by nuclear magnetic resonance of (1)H and (13)C data, in comparison with literature.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Apigenin; Edema; Fabaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mice; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Proline; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

The Lecythidaceae family is composed of 25 genera and 400 species that occur in the form of trees with a pantropical distribution. The genera Cariniana belongs to the family Lecythidaceae, and there are few reports considering these species. In this work, fractionation of the dichloromethane fraction obtained from the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Cariniana domestica (Mart) Miers, popularly known as Jequitibá-roxo, led to the isolation of two mixtures of triterpenoids: lupeol and β-amyrin and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (NMR) and chromatographic (GC-MS) techniques as well as literature data comparisons. β-Sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol and β-amyrin were quantified in dichloromethane fraction by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD). The dichloromethane fraction was also investigated for antioxidant and antifungal activities. The isolated compounds and their biological activities are reported for the first time for the species C. domestica.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lecythidaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methylene Chloride; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

A new aldol ester named 17-O-triacontanoylheptadecanal (1) was isolated from the aerial part of Mimosa invisa (Mimosaceae) together with eight known compounds identified as β-sitosterol (2), α-amyrine (3), lupeol (4), 4'-O-methylepinumisoflavone (5), alpinumisoflavone (6), betulinic acid (7), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside of sitosterol (8) and epirobinetinidol (9). The structures of compounds were determined on the basis of NMR and mass spectrometry data as well as by comparing the data reported in the literatures. The antimicrobial activities of the crude extract and compounds 1 and 9 were investigated against seven microbial species. The natural products showed moderate activities compared to that of the crude extract.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Betulinic Acid; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Fatty Acids; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Mimosa; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

A sensitive, selective and robust densitometric high-performance thin-layer chromatographic method was developed and validated for five marker compounds, namely betulin, lupeol, oleanolic acid, 3-acetyloleanolic acid and β-sitosterol, known for their various therapeutic activities. The marker compounds have been isolated from the stem bark of Betula utilis, well characterized by the spectral analysis, and their simultaneous quantitative determination carried out by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. The resolution of marker compounds was carried out on silica-gel 60 plates, using n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2 v/v) as the mobile phase. The HPTLC densitometry was performed at 500-nm wavelength after the post chromatographic derivatization with ceric ammonium sulfate reagent. The optimized method provided good linear relation (r>0.9960) for all the investigated analytes. The method is simple, and reproducible, which may be applied for quantitative analysis of the above-mentioned marker compounds.

Topics: Betula; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Plant Stems; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Nine compounds have been isolated for the first time from Celtis africana, namely trans-N-coumaroyltyramine (1), trans-N-feruloyltyramine (2), trans-N-caffeoyltyramine (3), lauric acid (4), oleic acid (5), palmitic acid (6), lupeol (7), β-sitosterol (8) and oleanolic acid (9), respectively. Their structures have been elucidated by different spectroscopic techniques. The isolated compounds were screened for their antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and acetylcholinestrease enzyme inhibitory activities. Compounds 1-3 showed significant antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and weak to moderate acetylcholinestrease enzyme inhibition activity.

Topics: Amines; Animals; Cannabaceae; Carrageenan; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Edema; Fatty Acids; Female; Free Radical Scavengers; Male; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phenols; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sitosterols

The Herb Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, which is native to Thailand and Southeast Asia, has become known for its antioxidant properties. Neuronal loss in a number of diseases including Alzheimer's disease is thought to result, in part, from oxidative stress. Glutamate causes cell death in the mouse hippocampal cell line, HT-22, by unbalancing redox homeostasis, brought about by a reduction in glutathione levels, and amyloid-β has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here in, we show that ethanol extracts of R. nasutus leaf and root are capable of dose dependently attenuating the neuron cell death caused by both glutamate and amyloid-β treatment. We used free radical scavenging assays to measure the extracts antioxidant activities and as well as quantifying phenolic, flavonoid and sterol content. Molecules found in R. nasutus, lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol are protective against glutamate toxicity.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Antioxidants; Cell Line; Glutamic Acid; Glutathione; Hippocampus; Mice; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Oxidative Stress; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

One novel compound was isolated from the hexane extract of Choisya ternata Kunth. leaves, choisyaternatine (1), together with the known compounds tecleamaniensine A (2), lup-20(29)-en-3β-ol (lupeol) (3), lup-20(29)-en-3β,24-diol (4), β-sitosterol glucoside (5), and skimmianine (6), plus the following known compounds from the dichloromethane extract, choisyine (7) and 6-methoxy-7,8-methylenedioxycoumarin (8). Compounds 2-5 are reported for the first time in this species. The structures of isolated compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analyses and comparison with previously reported spectroscopic data. The structure of choisyaternatine was further confirmed based on X-ray data analysis.

Topics: Alkaloids; Crystallography, X-Ray; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Quinolines; Rutaceae; Sitosterols

Phytochemical investigation of Caralluma adscendens var. gracilis and Caralluma pauciflora (Asclepiadaceae) whole plant extracts allowed to isolate one pregnane glycoside and two pregnanes characterized as 12β,20-O-dibenzoyl-5α,6-dihydrosarcostin β-oleandropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-digitoxypyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranosyl-(1→4)-β-cymaropyranoside (1), 12β-O-benzoyl-3β,11α,14β,20R-pentahydroxy-pregn-5-ene (2), and 11α-O-benzoyl-3β,12β,14β,20R-pentahydroxy-pregn-5-ene (3), respectively. Their structural characterization was obtained on the basis of extensive NMR spectral studies. Three known pregnane glycosides along with lupeol and β-sitosterol were also isolated and characterized.

Topics: Apocynaceae; Glycosides; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Pregnanes; Sitosterols

In traditional Indian medicinal treatise there are several Ayurvedic formulations mentioned which have been claimed as potential wound healing agents like Madhu Ghrita and Jatyadi Taila. Jatyadi Taila (JT) is a medicated oil formulation (Taila) popularly used in the treatment of various topical wounds.. Though JT has its composition recorded in ancient Ayurvedic texts, there have been minimal attempts to standardize its use in the management of wound. The current work evaluates the wound healing efficacy of JT and also provides evidence of the dermal absorption kinetics of Karanjin from JT.. JT was subjected to preliminary phytochemical evaluation. Therapeutically active marker components β-sitosterol, lupeol and karanjin were detected and separated using HPTLC. As a part of safety evaluation, skin irritation potential of JT was evaluated on rabbit skin. Excision wound model in rats were used to evaluate the wound healing efficacy of JT. Histopathological and biochemical evaluations of excised skin tissues at wound sites were carried out. The HPTLC method developed was also validated to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of Karanjin from JT after topical application on pinna of rabbit.. Preliminary phytochemical evaluation of JT revealed presence of flavonoids, essential oils, tannins, glycosides, steroids and alkaloids while resins were found to be absent. HPTLC confirmed the presence of karanjin, lupeol and β-sitosterol in JT. JT was found to be non-irritant when applied to the skin of rabbits. Topical application of JT on excision wounds caused significantly faster reduction in wound area as compared to the application of modern topical formulation (Neosporin(®)) and untreated control wounds. Animals treated with JT showed significant increase in protein, hydroxyproline and hexosamine content in the granulation tissue when compared with the untreated controls. Wound healing potential of JT was found to be dose dependant. HPTLC method was successfully used to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of Karanjin after topical application of JT on rabbit pinna.. Current work demonstrates a modern approach towards standardization of the use of traditional topical formulation JT. The results justify the traditional claim of JT for its use in the management of wounds.

Topics: Administration, Topical; Amines; Animals; Bacitracin; Benzopyrans; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Female; Granulation Tissue; Hydroxyproline; Male; Medicine, Ayurvedic; Neomycin; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Polymyxin B; Proteins; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sitosterols; Skin; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries

This study to identify anti-influenza components of the bark of Alnus japonica resulted in the isolation of four lupane-type triterpenes (1-4) and one steroid (5). Their structures were characterized on the basis of physicochemical properties, NMR evidence, and ESI-MS data compared with reported data in the literature. Betulinic aldehyde (3) exhibited a particularly strong anti-influenza effect against KBNP-0028 relative to a positive control.

Topics: Alnus; Animals; Antiviral Agents; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fibroblasts; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Steroids; Structure-Activity Relationship; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of the Ficus microcarpa.. Isolation and identification were carried out by using various chromatography techniques and spectral methods.. Eight compounds were isolated. Their structures were identified as beta-amyrone (I), lupeol (II), lupeol acetate (III), maslinic acid (IV), epifriedelinol (V), stearic acid (VI), beta-sitosterol (VI), daucosterol (VI).. Compounds I, II, VI are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ficus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids; Triterpenes

In this study, five compounds, lupeol (1), epilupeol (2), β-sitosterol (3), stigmasterol (4) and p-methoxybenzaldehyde (5) were isolated from the petroleum ether and dichloromethane fractions of a methanolic extract of the stem bark of Delonix regia. Antimicrobial screening of the different extracts (15 μg mm-2) was conducted by the disc diffusion method. The zones of inhibition demonstrated by the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and dichloromethane fractions ranged from 9-14 mm, 11-13 mm and 9-20 mm, respectively, compared to kanamycin standard with the zone of inhibition of 20-25 mm. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble materials demonstrated the highest toxicity with LC50 of 0.83 μg mL-1, while petroleum ether and dichloromethane soluble partitionates of the methanolic extract revealed LC50 of 14.94 and 3.29 μg mL-1, respectively, in comparison with standard vincristine sulphate with LC50 of 0.812 μg mL-1. This is the first report on compounds separation from D. regia, their antimicrobial activity and cytotoxicity.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Benzaldehydes; Fabaceae; Kanamycin; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

Leaves and wood of Peltostigma guatemalense, a novel species of the family Rutaceae, yielded a total of 14 secondary metabolites, i.e. methyl p-hydroxy benzoate, phenylacetic acid, beta-sitosterol, lupeol, syringaresinol, scopoletin, gardenin B (1), and seven alkaloids: gamma-fagarine (2), skimmianine (3), kokusaginine (4), 7-O-isopentenyl-gamma-fagarine (5), anhydro-evoxine (6), evoxine (7) and 4-methoxy-1-methyl-quinolin-2-one (8). The compounds have been identified by spectroscopic methods. Antibacterial and antimalarial in vitro activity of the isolated compounds were also determined. Methyl p-hydroxy benzoate and quinolone (8) were the most effective on Plasmodium falciparium strains.

Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antimalarials; Bacteria; Furans; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plasmodium falciparum; Quinolines; Rutaceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from Cissus assamica and obtain a more comprehensive understanding of its effective components.. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatographies with silica gel. Their structures were elucidated by spectral analysis (IR, MS, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR) and chemical evidence.. Eight compounds were isolated and elucidated as ursolic acid (I), lupeol (II), n-hexacosinc acid (III), isolariciresinol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (IV), dauco sterin (V), 3,3'-dimethyl ellagic acid (VI), beta-Sitosterol (VII), bergenin (VIII).. Among these compounds, I-V are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Cissus; Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Stems; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of Lighularia altaica.. Various chromatographic techniques were used to isolate and purify the chemical compounds, their structure were elucidated by means of mass, physico-chemical properties and NMR spectral data.. Nine compounds were obtained as: lupeol (1), oleanolic acid (2), 3beta, 16beta-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-28-al (3), ergosterol peroxide (4), stigmasta-7-en-ol (5), 11-hydroxy-10,11-dihydro-euparin (6), 5-hydroxybenzofuran-2(3H) -one- (7), except for beta-sitosterol (8) and daucostrol (9).. Compounds 3 - 7 are isolated for the first time from this genus, the other compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Asteraceae; Ergosterol; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Solvents; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

To study the chemical constituents from the petroleum ether fraction of Buxus microphylla.. The petroleum ether fraction of Buxus microphylla was isolated and identified by silica gel column chromatography. And the anticancer activity of different chemical constituents was measured by MTT reduction test.. Eight compounds were isolated and identified as lupeol (1), butulin (3), beta-sitosterol (4), stigmasterol (5), dibutyl phthalate (6), 3beta, 30-dihydroxy-lup-20 (29) ene (7), daucosterol (8). Compound 7 inhibited KB cells' proliferation in a dose-dependent manner.. Compounds 2 - 5, 7, 8 are isolated from this genus for the first time. Compound 7 has certainly anticancer effects.

Topics: Buxus; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Dibutyl Phthalate; Ethers; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

As part of a continuing interest in exploring the chemistry of Brazilian medicinal plants, three new labdane diterpenoids, 6alpha-acetoxymanoyl oxide (1), 6alpha-malonyloxymanoyl oxide (2), and 6alpha-malonyloxy-n-butyl ester manoyl oxide (3), together with the known betulinic acid, lupeol, sitosterol, and stigmasterol, were isolated from the aerial parts of Stemodia foliosa. The structures of 1-3 were established on the basis of interpretation of spectroscopic data, including HRESIMS, and 1D and 2D NMR techniques. All compounds were tested against a bacteria panel consisting of Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, B. subtilis, B. anthracis, Micrococcus luteus, Mycobacterium smegmatis, and M. phlei. Compound 2 showed moderate activity against these strains, with MIC values in the range 7-20 microg/mL.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus anthracis; Bacillus cereus; Bacillus subtilis; Betulinic Acid; Brazil; Diterpenes; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Micrococcus luteus; Molecular Structure; Mycobacterium phlei; Mycobacterium smegmatis; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Scrophulariaceae; Sitosterols; Staphylococcus aureus; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Soymida febrifuga (Meliaceae) dried leaflets (10 gm) were extracted with petroleum ether. Unsaponifiable matter quantitatively used for sample preparation, labeled as SF-U. Another 10 gm leaflet powder was extracted with methanol and quantitatively used for sample preparation labeled as SF-A. Sample and standard solution were dosage on three different plates and developed in its respective mobile phase plates were scanned using TLC scanner III and estimated using integration software CATs 4.05. Calculations for percentage were done considering standard and sample R(f), AUC and dilution factor. Estimation of beta Sitosterol, Lupeol, Quercetin, Quercetin-3-O-galactoside, Quercetin-3-O-xyloside and Quercetin-3-O-rutinoside were determined as 0.02146% w/w, 0.0377% w/w, 0.4079% w/w, 0.6197% w/w, 2.974% w/w and 3.235% w/w respectively with the help of HPLC techniques.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glycosides; Meliaceae; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

An accurate and sensitive method, combining soxhlet extraction, solid phase-extraction and capillary gas chromatography is described for the quantitative determination of one triterpene (lupeol) and three sterols (stigmasterol, campesterol and beta-sitosterol) and the detection of another triterpene (alpha-amyrin) from the aerial part of Justicia anselliana. This is the first method allowing the quantification of sterols and triterpenes in this plant. It has been fully validated in order to be able to compare the sterol and triterpene composition of different samples of J. anselliana and therefore help to explain the allelopathic activity due to these compounds. This method showed that the aerial part of J. anselliana contained (292+/-2)mg/kg of lupeol, (206+/-1)mg/kg of stigmasterol, (266+/-2)mg/kg of campesterol and (184+/-9)mg/kg of beta-sitosterol.

Topics: Acanthaceae; Calibration; Cholesterol; Chromatography, Gas; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytosterols; Plant Components, Aerial; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sitosterols; Solid Phase Extraction; Sterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

A new chalcone glycoside, chalcone-2',4-dihydroxy-4'-O-beta-D-glucoside has been isolated from Rhamnus nipalensis together with sitosterol, lupeol, di-O-methyldaidzein, kaempferol-4'-methylether, quercetin, physcion, sitosterol glucoside, emodin and their structures established by spectroscopic data. Isolation of these compounds are the first report from this plant.

Topics: Chalcones; Emodin; Glucosides; India; Kaempferols; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Quercetin; Rhamnus; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Seven chemical constituents were isolated from the CHCl3 fraction and n-BuOH fraction from EtOH ext. of Liriope platyphylla Wang et Tang. Their structures were elucidated as lupenone (I), lupeol (II), ursolic acid (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), diosgenin (V), LP-A (VI) and LP-B (VII) respectively. Compound I, II and V were isolated from this genus of Liriope for the first time. Compound III and IV were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Diosgenin; Liriope Plant; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Tubers; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To investigate the chemical constituents in Bruguiera sexangula var. rhynchopetala.. Silica gel flash chromatography together with Sephadex LH - 20 were performed for the isolation and purification of the petrol ether fraction of this plant, and the structures were elucidated by spectral analysis as well as the comparison of the spectral data with those reported in the literatures.. Nine compounds were obtained and identified as lupeol (1), lupeone (2), trans-hydroxy-cinnamoyl ester of lupeol (3), taraxerone (4), beta-amyril-palmitate (5), squalene (6),beta-sitosterol (7), daucosterol (8) and 7alpha-hydroxy-sitosterol (9).. All the compounds were first isolated from B. sexangula var. rhynchopetala.

Topics: Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizophoraceae; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Plant stanols and sterols of the 4-desmethyl family (e.g., sitostanol and sitosterol) effectively decrease LDL cholesterol concentrations, whereas 4,4-dimethylsterols (alpha-amyrin and lupeol) do not. Serum carotenoid concentrations, however, are decreased by both plant sterol families. The exact mechanisms underlying these effects are not known, although effects on micellar composition have been suggested. With a liver X receptor (LXR) coactivator peptide recruitment assay, we showed that plant sterols and stanols from the 4-desmethylsterol family activated both LXRalpha and LXRbeta, whereas 4,4-dimethyl plant sterols did not. In fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the functionality of this effect was shown by the increased expression of ABCA1, one of the known LXR target genes expressed by Caco-2 cells in measurable amounts. The LXR-activating potential of the various plant sterols/stanols correlated positively with ABCA1 mRNA expression. Reductions in serum hydrocarbon carotenoids could be explained by the effects of the 4-desmethyl family and 4,4-dimethylsterols on micellar carotenoid incorporation. Our findings indicate that the decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol and carotenoids by plant sterols and stanols is caused by two distinct mechanisms.

Topics: Antioxidants; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Caco-2 Cells; Carotenoids; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Liver X Receptors; Micelles; Models, Chemical; Oleanolic Acid; Orphan Nuclear Receptors; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Peptides; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Steroid; RNA, Messenger; Sitosterols; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; Triterpenes

A new seco-ring A lupane triterpene derivative (1), along with lupenone, lupeol, beta-sitosterol, ursolic acid, and stigmasterol 3-O-beta-d-glucoside, were isolated from a methanol extract of mature stems of Lasianthus gardneri, a shrub from the family Rubiaceae growing in Sri Lanka. The structure and stereochemistry of the new compound were determined using a combination of (13)C and (1)H homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments and from mass spectral data. The structure of 1 was confirmed by partial synthesis from lupeol.

Topics: Glucosides; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Stems; Rubiaceae; Sitosterols; Sri Lanka; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from Ampelopsis humulifolia var. heterophylla (Thunb.) K. Koch.. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were employed to isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as lupeol, beta-stiosterol, daucosterol, ethyl gallate, gallic acid and catechin.. The six compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ampelopsis; Catechin; Gallic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study chemical constituents of Ilex kudingcha.. The constituents were isolated by chromatographic method and the structures were identified on the basis of spectral analysis.. Seven compounds, lupeol(I); 3 beta-hydroxyl-lup-20(29)-ene-24-methyl ester(II); lup-20(29)-ene-3 beta-, 24-diol(III); beta-sitosterol(IV); ursolic acid(V); daucosterol (VI); mannitol were obtained(VII).. I, III, VI and VII compounds were obtained from genus Ilex for the first time.

Topics: Ilex; Mannitol; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from Salvia roborowskii Maxim.. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were employed to isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. Six compounds were isolated and elucidated as lupeol (I), 11 beta-hydroxy-lupeol(II),3 beta-acetyl-11 beta-hydroxy-lupeol(III), ursolic acid (IV), beta-sitosterol(V), daucosterol (VI).. I approximately VI were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Salvia; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from Caesalpinia decapetala (Roth) Alston.. Chromatography and spectroscopic analysis were employed to isolate and elucidate the chemical constituents in the plant.. Seven compounds were isolated and elucidated as lupeol acetate(I), lupeol(II), oleanoic acid(III), pentacosanoic acid 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ester(IV), 1-(26-hydroxyhexacosanoyl)-glycerol(V), stigmasterol(VI), beta-sitosterol(VI).. I approximattely VII were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Caesalpinia; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glycerides; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Quercus mongolica.. Using techniques of silical gel column chromatography and HNMR, 13CNMR.. Four compounds were isolated and identified as friedelin, glutinol, lupeo and beta-sitosterol respectively.. All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Molecular Structure; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Quercus; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Three known compounds were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the whole plant of Lindernia ciliata. They are beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol and lup-20(29)-en-3 beta-ol. Their structures were established by IR, MS, 1HNMR and 13CNMR spectroscopy.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Six compounds were isolated from the roots of Ampelopsis sinica and identified as lupeol, beta-sitosterol, daucosterol, catechin, sucrose and palmitic acid on the basis of spectroscopic. Lupeol is found in Ampelopsis genus for the rirst time.

Topics: Catechin; Coumarins; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Aloe vera at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg daily for 4 days blocked the wound healing suppression of hydrocortisone acetate up to 100% using the wound tensile strength assay. This response was because of the growth factors present in A. vera masking the wound healing inhibitors such as sterols and certain amino acids. The sterols showed good anti-inflammatory activity (-36%) in reducing the croton oil-induced ear swelling. This activity displayed a dose-response relationship.

Topics: Aloe; Animals; Cholesterol; Croton Oil; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Ear; Hydrocortisone; Labyrinthitis; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Phytosterols; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Tensile Strength; Triterpenes; Wound Healing

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

The chloroform extracts of the roots and leaves of Sarracenia flava showed antitumor activity against lymphocytic leukemia P-388. Lupeol was identified as one constituent responsible for this activity. Beta-Sitosterol and alpha-amyrin were isolated from the hexane extract of the roots.

Topics: Alcohols; Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Leukemia, Experimental; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes