cytellin and hexacosanoic-acid

Not only neuronal death but also neuritic atrophy and synaptic loss underlie the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease as direct causes of the memory deficit. Extracts of Siberian ginseng (the rhizome of Eleutherococcus senticosus) were shown to have protective effects on the regeneration of neurites and the reconstruction of synapses in rat cultured cortical neurons damaged by amyloid β (Aβ)(25-35), and eleutheroside B was one of the active constituents. In this study, a comprehensive evaluation of constituents was conducted to explore active components from Siberian ginseng which can protect against neuritic atrophy induced by Aβ(25-35) in cultured rat cortical neurons. The ethyl acetate, n-butanol and water fractions from the methanol extract of Siberian ginseng showed protective effects against Aβ-induced neuritic atrophy. Twelve compounds were isolated from the active fractions and identified. Among them, eleutheroside B, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin showed obvious protective effects against Aβ(25-35)-induced atrophies of axons and dendrites at 1 and 10 μM.

Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Atrophy; Axons; Benzaldehydes; Cells, Cultured; Cerebral Cortex; Coumarins; Dendrites; Eleutherococcus; Fatty Acids; Female; Glucosides; Lignans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurites; Neurons; Phenylpropionates; Plant Extracts; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sitosterols; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents of Heterosmilax yunianensis.. The compounds were isolated and repeatedly purified with chromatograph and the structures were elucidated by physico-chemical properties and spectral analysis.. Eight compounds were obtained and elucidated as beta-sitosterol (I), glycerol monopalmitate (II), daucosterol (IIl), hexacosanoic acid (IV), 5-hydroxymethyl furaldehyde (V), hergapen (VI), ursolic acid (VII), liquiritigenin (VIII).. They have been isolated from this plant for the first time, and IV - VIII are obtained from the plants of Heterosmilax for the first time.

Topics: Fatty Acids; Flavanones; Lactones; Molecular Structure; Plants, Medicinal; Rhizome; Sitosterols; Smilacaceae; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

Six crystalline substances were isolated from the stem of Ephedra likiangensis Florin and were identified as ephedrine (I), beta-sitosterol (II), palmitic acid (IV), stearic acid (V), cerotic acid (III) and beta-daucosterol (VI).

Topics: Ephedra; Ephedrine; Fatty Acids; Palmitic Acid; Plant Stems; Sitosterols; Stearic Acids