cytellin and beta-amyrin

The detrimental impact of reactive oxygen species on D.N.A. repair processes is one of the contributing factors to colon cancer. The idea that oxidative stress may be a significant etiological element for carcinogenesis is currently receiving more and more support. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and anticancer activity of three powerful phytocompounds-sitosterol, amyrin, and epiafzelechin-alone and in various therapeutic combinations against colon cancer to identify the critical mechanisms that mitigate nickel's carcinogenic effect. To evaluate the ligand-protein interaction of four selected components against Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP9) inhibitor and Interleukin-10 (IL-10) molecular docking approach was applied using PyRx bioinformatics tool. For in vivo analysis, hundred albino rats were included, divided into ten groups, each containing ten rats of weight 160-200 g. All the groups were injected with 1 ml/kg nickel intraperitoneally per week for three months, excluding the negative control group. Three of the ten groups were treated with β-sitosterol (100 mg/kg b wt), β-amyrin (100 mg/kg b wt), and epiafzelechin (200 mg/kg b wt), respectively, for one month. The later four groups were fed with combinatorial treatments of the three phyto compounds for one month. The last group was administered with commercial drug Nalgin (500 mg/kg b wt). The biochemical parameters Creatinine, Protein carbonyl, 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), VEGF, MMP-9 Inhibitor, and IL-10 were estimated using ELISA kits and Glutathione (G.S.H.), Superoxide dismutase (S.O.D.), Catalase (C.A.T.) and Nitric Oxide (NO) were analyzed manually. The correlation was analyzed through Pearson's correlation matrix. All the parameters were significantly raised in the positive control group, indicating significant inflammation. At the same time, the levels of the foresaid biomarkers were decreased in the serum in all the other groups treated with the three phytocompounds in different dose patterns. However, the best recovery was observed in the group where the three active compounds were administered concomitantly. The correlation matrix indicated a significant positive correlation of IL-10 vs VEGF (r = 0.749**, p = 0.009), MMP-9 inhibitor vs SOD (r = 0.748**, p = 0.0 21). The study concluded that the three phytocompounds β-sitosterol, β-amyrin, and epiafzelechin are important anticancer agents which can target

Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Colonic Neoplasms; Interleukin-10; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Molecular Docking Simulation; Nickel; Rats; Sitosterols; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

The present study is the first effort to a comprehensive evaluation of antityrosinase activity and chemometric analysis of Bauhinia vahlii. The experimental results revealed that the methanol extract of Bauhinia vahlii (BVM) possesses higher polyphenolic compounds and total antioxidant activity than those reported elsewhere for other more conventionally and geographically different varieties. The BVM contain saturated fatty acids such as hexadecanoic acid (10.15%), octadecanoic acid (1.97%), oleic acid (0.61%) and cis-vaccenic acid (2.43%) along with vitamin E (12.71%), α-amyrin (9.84%), methyl salicylate (2.39%) and β-sitosterol (17.35%), which were mainly responsible for antioxidant as well as tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Tyrosinase inhibitory activity of this extract was comparable to that of Kojic acid. These findings suggested that the B. vahlii leaves could be exploited as potential source of natural antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory agent, as well.

Topics: Antioxidants; Bauhinia; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Fatty Acids; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Oleanolic Acid; Oleic Acids; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols

Oxidative stress interferes with the functional roles of the hippocampus and results in cognitive decline. Antioxidant supplementation has a cognitive enhancing activity through protecting hippocampus brain cells from the damaging effects of the reactive oxygen species. The dried methanolic extract of the aboveground parts of Moringa peregrina (Forssk.) Fiori (Moringaceae) was hypothesized to have memory-enhancing activity via its antioxidative properties. HPLC and LC-MS methods were used for qualitative analysis of the marker compounds. Six major compounds of the methanolic extract of M. peregrina were identified, namely, rutin, myricetin, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, lupeol acetate, and β-sitosterol. Male Wistar rats were administered via oral gavage three dose levels (50, 100, and 500 mg/kg) of M. peregrina methanolic extract for 2 months. The radial arm water maze (RAWM) was used to test spatial learning and memory. In addition, ELISA was used to analyze the levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and to assess the level of some oxidative stress markers. M. peregrina (150 mg/kg) resulted in short- and long-term memory enhancement (P < 0.05). Moreover, M. peregrina administration elevated BDNF levels in the hippocampus (P < 0.05) and caused favorable changes in oxidative stress biomarkers. In particular, an increase in glutathione (GSH), a decrease in oxidized glutathione (GSSG), and an increase in the antioxidant enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GPx) levels in the hippocampus were elicited after treatment with M. peregrina. Taken together, our data show that oral administration of M. peregrina enhances both short- and long-term memory functions via combating oxidative stress and increasing BDNF levels in the hippocampus. Consuming this safe plant may thus help promote spatial learning and improve memory.

Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Flavonoids; Hippocampus; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Moringa; Oleanolic Acid; Oxidative Stress; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Rutin; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents of Suaeda glauca.. The chemical constituents were isolated and purified with several separation and purification techniques. Their structures were identified by physicochemical properties and various spectroscopic methods.. Ten compounds were isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction as lignoceric acid (1), β-amyrin-n-nonyl ether(2), β-sitosterol(3), β-daucosterol(4), quercetin(5), luteolin(6), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucoside(7), isorhamnetin(8), scopoletin (9) and stigmasterol(10).. Compounds 1, 2, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 are isolated from Suaeda genus for the first time and compounds 3 - 5 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Acetates; Chenopodiaceae; Glucosides; Luteolin; Oleanolic Acid; Phytochemicals; Plant Extracts; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study the chemical constituents of Claoxylon indicum stems.. The chemical constituents were isolated, purified and identified by various chromatographic and spectral techniques.. Seven compounds including oleanolic acid (1), 6-amyrin(2), 7-ketositosterol(3), scopoletin(4), β-sitosterol-β-glucoside(5), L-pyroglutamic acid (6) and β-sitosterol (7) were isolated from ethanol extract of this plant stems.. Compounds 1 - 6 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Euphorbiaceae; Oleanolic Acid; Phytochemicals; Plant Stems; Sitosterols

To study the chemical constituents from Hibiscus syriacus leaves and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities.. Column chromatography including macroporous resins, silica gel and Sephadex LH-20 were used for the isolation and purification of all compounds. Spectroscopic methods including physical and chemical properties, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR were used for the identification of structures. Their α-glucosidase inhibitory activities were detected by a 96-well microplate.. 15 compounds were isolated and identified as β-sitosterol(1), β-daucostero (2), β-amyrin (3), oleanolic acid (4), stigmast-4-en-3-one (5), friedelin (6), syriacusin A (7), kaempferol (8), isovitexin (9), vitexin (10), apigenin (11), apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (12), luteolin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (13), vitexin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (14) and rutin (15).. All the compounds are isolated from the leaves of Hibiscus syriacus for the first time. Taking acarbose as positive control, the α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of 15 compounds were evaluated. Compounds 7 and 9 have shown strong α-glucosidase inhibitory activities with IC50 of 39.03 ± 0.38 and 32.12 ± 0.62 mg/L, inhibition ratio of 94.95% and 97.15%, respectively.

Topics: alpha-Glucosidases; Apigenin; Glucosides; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Hibiscus; Kaempferols; Luteolin; Oleanolic Acid; Phytochemicals; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

To investigate the chemical constituents from the leaves of Ilex latifolia.. The constituents were iso- lated and purified by various chromatographic techniques. Their structures were identified by UV, IR, MS and NMR spectroscopic analy- sis.. Ten compounds were isolated from the leaves of flex latifolia. Their structures were respectively identified as 3β,13β-Di- hydroxy-urs-11-en-28-oic acid-13-lactone (1), β-sitosterol (2) 3-hydroxy-11-oxours-12-ene (3), (20S,24S)-epoxydammarane-3β,25- diol (4), 25-deuteriostigmasterol (5), α-amyrin (6), foliasalacin A4 (7), 23-hydroxyursolic acid (8), p-coumaric acid (9) and β-dau- costerol (10).. Compounds 1,3-5,7 and 9 are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Ilex; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Propionates; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents of Mori Cortex.. The compounds from the dichloromethane-methanol extracts were isolated by the silica gel column chromatography, and their structures were identified by the spectral analysis and chemical evidence.. Eight compounds were obtained and their structures were identified as 3-acetyl-beta-amyranol (1), neotocopherol (2), alpha-amyrin (3), clionasterol (4), betulinic acid (5), moracin O (6), morusin (7) and morusignin L (8).. Componds 2 and 4 are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, Thin Layer; Molecular Structure; Morus; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Bark; Plant Roots; Sitosterols; Vitamin E

To study the chemical constituents of Pouzolzia zeylanica.. Many chromatography means were used in separation and purification, and the structures of all compounds were identified by the means of spectroscopic analysis and physicochemical properties.. 14 compounds were elucidated as: beta-sitosterol (1), daucosterol (2), oleanolic acid (3), epicatechin (4), alpha-amyrin (5), eugenyl-beta-rutinoside (6), 2alpha, 3alpha, 19alpha-trihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic (7), scopolin (8), scutellarein-7-O-alpha-L-rhamnoside (9), scopoletin (10), quercetin (11), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (12), apigenin (13), 2alpha-hydroxyursolic acid (14).. All compounds are obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Catechin; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glycosides; Oleanolic Acid; Sitosterols; Urticaceae

The Lecythidaceae family is composed of 25 genera and 400 species that occur in the form of trees with a pantropical distribution. The genera Cariniana belongs to the family Lecythidaceae, and there are few reports considering these species. In this work, fractionation of the dichloromethane fraction obtained from the aqueous extract of the stem bark of Cariniana domestica (Mart) Miers, popularly known as Jequitibá-roxo, led to the isolation of two mixtures of triterpenoids: lupeol and β-amyrin and β-sitosterol and stigmasterol. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic (NMR) and chromatographic (GC-MS) techniques as well as literature data comparisons. β-Sitosterol, stigmasterol, lupeol and β-amyrin were quantified in dichloromethane fraction by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC/DAD). The dichloromethane fraction was also investigated for antioxidant and antifungal activities. The isolated compounds and their biological activities are reported for the first time for the species C. domestica.

Topics: Antifungal Agents; Antioxidants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lecythidaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Methylene Chloride; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Extracts; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Triterpenoid compounds found in free and ester forms in extracts of entire fruits and leaves and in fruit and leaf cuticular waxes of bilberry (Vaccinium myrtillus L.) collected in Finland and Poland were identified and quantitated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry coupled to a flame ionization detector (GC-MS/FID). The main bilberry triterpenoid profile consisted of α- and β-amyrin, α- and β-amyrenone, campesterol, cholesterol, citrostadienol (in berries), cycloartanol, erythrodiol, lupeol, 24-methylenecycloartanol, sitosterol, sitostanol, stigmasterol, stigmasta-3,5-dien-7-one, uvaol, oleanolic and ursolic aldehydes, and oleanolic, ursolic, 2α-hydroxyoleanolic, and 2α-hydroxyursolic acids. Friedelin and D:A-friedooleanan-3β-ol were found only in Finnish plants, whereas D:C-friedours-7-en-3β-ol and taraxasterol were found only in Polish plants. To our knowledge, this is the first thorough description of triterpenoid compounds in this species. The presented results revealed that the triterpenoid profile of bilberry varied considerably between different organs of the plant, regardless of the plant origin, as well as between plant samples obtained from the two geographical locations.

Topics: Anthocyanins; Cholesterol; Finland; Fruit; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Poland; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Vaccinium myrtillus

To investigate the chemical constituents from aerial part of Aremisia lavandulaefolia.. Compounds were isolated by using silicagel, Sephadex LH-20 chromatography and their structures were elucidated by means of spectral data analysiy.. Eight compounds were isolated and identifies as P-amyrin(1), P-sitosterol(2), ursolic acid(3), erpatilin(4), naringenin(5), apigenin(6), luteolin(7), quercetin(8).. All these compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Artemisia; Flavones; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Components, Aerial; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

There is only scant literature on the anticancer components of medicinal plants from Nigeria, yet traditional healers in the area under study claim to have been managing the disease in their patients with some success using the species studied.. To document plants commonly used to treat cancer in South-western Nigeria and to test the scientific basis of the claims using in vitro cytotoxicity tests.. Structured questionnaires were used to explore the ethnobotanical practices amongst the traditional healers. Methanol extracts of the most common species cited were screened for cytotoxicity using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay in both exposure and recovery experiments. Three cancer cell lines (human breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF-7, human large cell lung carcinoma cell line COR-L23 and human amelanotic melanoma C32) and one normal cell line (normal human keratinocytes SVK-14) were used for the screening of the extracts and the fractions obtained. The extract of Cajanus cajan showed considerable activity and was further partitioned and the dichloromethane fraction was subjected to preparative chomatography to yield six compounds: hexadecanoic acid methyl ester, alpha-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, pinostrobin, longistylin A and longistylin C. Pinostrobin and longistylins A and C were tested for cytotoxicity on the cancer cell lines. In addition, an adriamycin-sensitive acute T-lymphoblastic leukaemia cell line (CCRF-CEM) and its multidrug-resistant sub-line (CEM/ADR5000) were used in an XTT assay to evaluate the activity of the pure compounds obtained.. A total of 30 healers from S W Nigeria were involved in the study. 45 species were recorded with their local names with parts used in the traditional therapeutic preparations. Cytotoxicity (IC(50) values less than 50 microg/mL) was observed in 5 species (Acanthospermum hispidum, Cajanus cajan, Morinda lucida, Nymphaea lotus and Pycnanthus angolensis). Acanthospermum hispidum and Cajanus cajan were the most active. The dichloromethane fraction of Cajanus cajan had IC(50) value 5-10 microg/mL, with the two constituent stilbenes, longistylins A and C, being primarily responsible, with IC(50) values of 0.7-14.7 microM against the range of cancer cell lines.. Most of the species tested had some cytotoxic effect on the cancer cell lines, which to some extent supports their traditional inclusion in herbal preparations for treatment of cancer. However, little selectivity for cancer cells was observed, which raises concerns over their safety and efficacy in traditional treatment. The longistylins A and C appear to be responsible for much of the activity of Cajanus cajan extract.

Topics: Cajanus; Cell Line, Tumor; Data Collection; Ethnobotany; Ethnopharmacology; Flavanones; Humans; Male; Neoplasms; Nigeria; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plants; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols

A new compound, 3-O-alpha-L-arabinopyranosyl-4-hydroxybenzoic acid (13), in addition to 16 newly reported compounds: alpha-amyrin acetate (1), beta-amyrone (2), 3beta-acetoxy-20-taraxasten-22-one (3), alpha-amyrin (4), ceryl alcohol (5), stigmasterol (6), beta-sitosterol (7), 2alpha,3alpha-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oate (8), ursolic acid (9), beta-sitosterol-3-O-glucosoide (10), protocatechuic acid (11), betulinic acid (12), quercetin (14), quercetin-3-O-beta-D-glucoside (15), kampferol-3-O-beta-neohesperidoside (16) and rutin (17) were isolated from the stem bark and leaves of Ficus pandurata (Hance) cultivated in Egypt. Identification of these compounds has been established by physical, chemical and spectral data (UV, IR, MS, (1)H- and (13)C-NMR), as well as comparison with authentic samples.

Topics: Betulinic Acid; Ficus; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Plant Bark; Plant Leaves; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Infrared; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents of the leaves of Polygonum multiflorum.. The chemical constituents were extracted with water and separated by manifold chromatography technique, and their structures were determined by spectral analysis.. Eleven compounds were isolated and identified as physcion (I), emodin (II), noreugenin (III), apigenin (IV), hyperoside (V), rutin (VI), vitexin (VII), 2,3,5 ,4'-tetrahydroxy-stibene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (VIII), beta-amyrin (IX), beta-sitosterol (X), daucosterol( XI).. Among these compounds, I - IV, VI - XI are isolated from the leaves of Polygonum multiflorum for the first time.

Topics: Apigenin; Emodin; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Polygonum; Rutin; Sitosterols

In this work we describe the identification of the biologically active triterpenes and sterols present in the hexane extracts of six species of Miconia using gas chromatography. The main compounds present in these extracts are beta-amyrin, alpha-amyrin, and beta-sitosterol. The technique employed herein is shown to be a valuable and rapid tool for determining biologically active triterpenes and sterols present in non-polar extracts.

Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Hexanes; Melastomataceae; Oleanolic Acid; Phytosterols; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

To study the chemical constituents from the roots of Ficus hirta.. Compounds were isolated by chromatographic techniques on silica gel and HP-20 resin columns. Their structures were elucidated by chemical and spectroscopic methods.. Ten compounds were identified as beta-sitosterol (1), stigmasterol (2), psoralene (3), 3beta-hydroxy-stigmast-5-en-7-one (4), 5-hydroxy-4', 6, 7, 8-tetramethoxy flavone (5), 4', 5, 6, 7, 8-pentamethoxy flavone (6), 4', 5, 7-trihydroxy-flavone (7), 3beta-acetoxy-beta-amyrin (8), 3beta-acetoxy-alpha-amyrin (9) and hesperidin (10).. The compounds 4, 5, 6 were obtained from this genus for the first time, and all the compounds were obtained from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Ficus; Ficusin; Flavones; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol

To study chemical constituents of hypogeal part from Limonium bicolor.. Column chromatography and spectral analysis were usded to isolate and identify the constituents, respectively.. Four compounds were isolated and identified as beta-sitosterol (1), gallic acid (2), luteolin (3), quercetin (4). Some white grease was obtained, and nine constituents were identified by GC-MS elementarily. They were 2,4-dimethyl-heptene (5), ethylbenzene (6), O-xylene (7), styrene (8), hexadecanoic acid etylester (9), 9,12-octodecadienoic acid etylester (10), diisooctyl phthalate (11), alpha-amyrin (12), beta-amyrin (13), respectively.. Compound 1 is isolated from Limonium bicolor and compounds 5-13 are extracted from Limonium Mill for the first time.

Topics: Benzene Derivatives; Gallic Acid; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Luteolin; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Plumbaginaceae; Quercetin; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Styrene

An iridoid glucoside reptoside (1) has been isolated as a DNA damaging active agent by bioassay-guided fractionation of the methanol extract of Ajuga postii. Furthermore, from the acetone extract of A. postii two known triterpenic compounds ursolic acid, alpha-amyrin and two steroidal compounds (24S)-24-ethylcholesta-5,25-dien-3beta-ol and beta-sitosterol were isolated. Their structures were elucidated based on 1D and 2D NMR techniques and mass data.

Topics: Ajuga; DNA Damage; Iridoids; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Extracts; Sitosterols; Sterols; Triterpenes; Ursolic Acid

To study the chemical constituents from the methanolic extract from the leaf of Liquidambar formosana Hance.. The compounds were separated with the column chromatographic and Prep HPLC, and their structures were identified by chemical and spectroscopic methods.. Three compounds were isolated from the methanolic extract. They were identified as: beta-sitosterol (I), alpha-amyrin (II) and oleanonic acid (III).. All of them were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Liquidambar; Methanol; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Plant stanols and sterols of the 4-desmethyl family (e.g., sitostanol and sitosterol) effectively decrease LDL cholesterol concentrations, whereas 4,4-dimethylsterols (alpha-amyrin and lupeol) do not. Serum carotenoid concentrations, however, are decreased by both plant sterol families. The exact mechanisms underlying these effects are not known, although effects on micellar composition have been suggested. With a liver X receptor (LXR) coactivator peptide recruitment assay, we showed that plant sterols and stanols from the 4-desmethylsterol family activated both LXRalpha and LXRbeta, whereas 4,4-dimethyl plant sterols did not. In fully differentiated Caco-2 cells, the functionality of this effect was shown by the increased expression of ABCA1, one of the known LXR target genes expressed by Caco-2 cells in measurable amounts. The LXR-activating potential of the various plant sterols/stanols correlated positively with ABCA1 mRNA expression. Reductions in serum hydrocarbon carotenoids could be explained by the effects of the 4-desmethyl family and 4,4-dimethylsterols on micellar carotenoid incorporation. Our findings indicate that the decreased intestinal absorption of cholesterol and carotenoids by plant sterols and stanols is caused by two distinct mechanisms.

Topics: Antioxidants; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter 1; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Caco-2 Cells; Carotenoids; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, LDL; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Hydrocarbons; Intestinal Absorption; Intestines; Liver X Receptors; Micelles; Models, Chemical; Oleanolic Acid; Orphan Nuclear Receptors; Pentacyclic Triterpenes; Peptides; Phytosterols; Plant Extracts; Receptors, Cytoplasmic and Nuclear; Receptors, Steroid; RNA, Messenger; Sitosterols; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2; Triterpenes

North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium L.) oil was saponifed and the unsaponifiable matter trimethylsilylated. The phytosterol fraction of hexane-extracted, air-dried seed was quantified and identified by GC and GC-MS. Phytosterol contents (milligrams per 100 g of oil) were as follows: squalene (514-569), oxidosqualene (8.97-48.2), campesterol (9.96-12.4), stigmasterol (93.2-113), clerosterol (1.91-2.14), beta-sitosterol (153-186), beta-amyrin (11.7-19.5), delta(5)-avenasterol (12.4-20.5), delta(5,24(25))-stigmasterol (3.70-.76), lupeol (14.4-15.2), delta(7)-sitosterol (12.5-14.6), delta(7)-avenasterol (4.11-8.09), 24-methylenecycloartanol (1.94-4.76), and citrostadienol (2.50-3.81). Seed stratification lowered the phytosterol levels. Oven-drying gave mixed results, and phytosterols varied slightly between the 1999 and 2000 harvests.

Topics: Cholesterol; Chromatography, Gas; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oleanolic Acid; Panax; Phytosterols; Plant Oils; Seeds; Sitosterols; Squalene; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Two new pregnene derivatives 14beta-15alpha-dihydroxy-delta4pregnene-3,20 dione and 3beta-14beta,15alpha-16alpha hydroxy-20-oxo-delta5pregnene-tetra-ol, in addition to alpha- and beta-amyrin and beta-sitosterol, were isolated from Solenostemma argel leaves. The structures were established by extensive spectral analysis as well as comparison with reference materials.

Topics: Africa, Northern; Biological Factors; Medicine, Traditional; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Friedelin, epifriedelinol, beta-amyrin, beta-sitosterol, beta-sitosterol 3-beta-D-glucopyranoside, and naringin were isolated from the dried rhizome of Drynaria quercifolia. The methanol extract showed broad and concentration-dependent antibacterial activity.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Infective Agents; Bacteria; Candida albicans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oleanolic Acid; Phytotherapy; Plant Extracts; Plant Roots; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Seven compounds were isolated from Quercus mongolica Fisch., six (1-VI) of them were identified as fridelin (I), beta-amyrin (II), 1-octadecanol (III), beta-sitosterol (IV), daucosterol (V) and gallic acid (VI) by means of chemical, physical and spectrosopic evidiences.

Topics: Fatty Alcohols; Gallic Acid; Oleanolic Acid; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Quercus; Sitosterols; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triterpenes

To investigate the chemical constituents of Cichorium intybus.. Constituents were separated by means of solvent extraction and chromatography on silical gel. The structures were established by spectral analysis and chemical evidence.. Seven compounds were isolated from the roots of C. intybus and four of them were identified as alpha-amyrin, taraxerone, baurenyl acetate and beta-sitosterol.. All the four compounds were obtained from the plant for the first time.

Topics: Cichorium intybus; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Triterpenes

Six compounds were isolated from Begonia evansiana. By means of TLC, mp, 1H and 13CNMR, they were idenified as beta-sitosterol, beta-amyrin, daucosterol, stigmasterol, stigmasterol-3-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside and 4', 5', 7-trihydroxy-flavone-6-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside. All the compounds were isolated from this plant for the first time.

Topics: Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Magnoliopsida; Molecular Structure; Oleanolic Acid; Plants, Medicinal; Sitosterols; Stigmasterol; Triterpenes

Topics: Lipid Metabolism; Oleanolic Acid; Pisum sativum; Seeds; Sitosterols; Sterols