cysteine has been researched along with oligonucleotides in 85 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 7 (8.24) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 25 (29.41) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 34 (40.00) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 16 (18.82) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 3 (3.53) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Atfield, G; Holness, NJ | 2 |
| Dworniczak, B; Kiltz, HH; Lanka, E; Pongs, O; Yaguchi, M | 1 |
| Pleckaityte, M; Siksnys, V | 1 |
| Bangalore, L; Bormann, BJ; Cao, H; Dompé, C; Stern, DF | 1 |
| Bülow, L; Månsson, MO; Mosbach, K; Persson, M | 1 |
| Aplin, RT; Mott, HR; Robinson, CC; Sim, RB; Solari, R; Steinkasserer, A; Willis, AC | 1 |
| Chalfoun, D; Mao, SS; Stubbe, J; Yu, GX | 1 |
| Hausinger, RP; Martin, PR | 1 |
| Faucher, D; Kornacker, MG; Pugsley, AP | 1 |
| Hatayama, I; Oikawa, A; Sato, K; Satoh, K; Shen, HX; Tamai, K; Tsuchida, S; Yasui, A | 1 |
| Frank, R; Heinemann, SH; Koenen, M; Pongs, O; Ruppersberg, JP; Stocker, M | 1 |
| Hryniewicz, MM; Kredich, NM | 1 |
| Erdman, RA; Kinsella, BT; Maltese, WA | 1 |
| Ashkenas, J; Copeland, NG; Freeman, M; Jenkins, NA; Kingsley, DM; Krieger, M; Rees, DJ | 1 |
| Engler, JA; Horiuchi, T; Macon, KJ; Volanakis, JE | 1 |
| Gerber, NC; Horiuchi, T; Koga, H; Sligar, SG | 1 |
| Gustafson, TA; Rutter, WJ | 1 |
| Freemont, PS; Grindley, ND; Hatfull, GF; Raccuia, PR; Sanderson, MR; Steitz, TA | 1 |
| Deterding, LJ; Dino, JJ; Guenat, C; Tomer, KB | 1 |
| Hatfield, D | 1 |
| Atherly, AG | 1 |
| Chen, YM; Hodge, DR; Samuel, KP | 1 |
| Dementieva, LA; Egorov, AM; Egorova, OA; Galkin, AG; Kulakova, LB; Marchenko, GN; Sheluho, DV; Tishkov, VI | 1 |
| McFadden, BA; Rehman, A | 1 |
| Akabas, MH; Cheung, M | 1 |
| Al'tman, IB; Gurov, MV; Ptitsyn, LR | 1 |
| Kaplan, GG; Lu, J; Thompson, P | 1 |
| Alekseev, PV; Bichenkova, EV; Godovikova, TS; Knorre, DG; Knorre, VD; Koval', VV; Nordhoff, E | 1 |
| Arthur, LO; Chertova, EN; Henderson, LE; Johnson, DG; Kane, BP; McGrath, C; Sowder, RC | 1 |
| Dolinnaya, N; Metelev, V; Oretskaya, T; Shabarova, Z; Tabatadze, D | 1 |
| Hruz, PW; Mueckler, MM | 1 |
| Kele, Z; Kovács, L; Kupihár, Z; Penke, B; Schmél, Z | 1 |
| Pajor, AM | 1 |
| Andersen , TO; Andersson, KB; Bergholtz, S; Borrebaek, J; Gabrielsen, OS; Lüscher, B | 1 |
| Lee, JH; Skalnik, DG; Voo, KS | 1 |
| Geng, L; Musib, R; Rubenstein, PA; Wang, G | 1 |
| Arora, PS; Eisenführ, A; Famulok, M; Nowick, JS; Sengle, G; Takaoka, LR | 1 |
| Anne, A; Bouchardon, A; Moiroux, J | 1 |
| Beaulieu, ME; Boucard, AA; Escher, E; Guillemette, G; Lavigne, P; Leduc, R; Roy, M | 1 |
| Dhar, SK; Jha, S; Karnani, N; Mukhopadhayay, G; Mukhopadhayay, K; Prasad, R; Saini, P; Shukla, S | 1 |
| Grazziani, S; Gutova, M; Hamann, M; Han, S; Makmura, L; Momand, J; Nguyen, J; Sheppard, S; Sun, XZ; Thomas, J; Tran, D; Vinci, C; Zhou, F | 1 |
| Gago, F; Gómez-Pinto, I; González, C; Grandas, A; Marchán, V | 1 |
| Dodson, ML; Lloyd, RS; Meador, MG; Rajagopalan, L | 1 |
| Kukolka, F; Niemeyer, CM | 1 |
| Esposito, EA; Martin, CT | 1 |
| Coulombe, RA; Rieben, WK | 1 |
| Boucard, AA; Clément, M; Escher, E; Guillemette, G; Leduc, R; Martin, SS | 1 |
| Hutchinson, JL; Kelly, AP; Magee, AI; Mastroeni, P; Reinicke, AT; Trowsdale, J | 1 |
| Alexander, ET; Bhat, S; Samuel, MP; Sorci-Thomas, MG; Thomas, MJ | 1 |
| Braeckmans, K; De Smedt, SC; Demeester, J; Lucas, B; Remaut, K; Sanders, NN | 1 |
| Hsueh, AJ; Klein, C; Luo, CW; Mazerbourg, S; Sangkuhl, K; Sudo, S | 1 |
| Borson, ND; McNallan, KT; Park, JG; Reed, AM; Wettstein, PJ | 1 |
| Becker, CF; Bouschen, W; Engelhard, M; Goody, RS; Kolaric, B; Lang, P; Müller, O; Niemeyer, CM; Schroeder, H; Seidel, R; Spengler, B; Wacker, R | 1 |
| Shigi, N; Shirouzu, M; Suzuki, T; Terada, T; Watanabe, K; Yokoyama, S | 1 |
| Bhattacharjee, H; Rosen, BP; Ruan, X | 1 |
| Bae, YK; Hashimoto, H; Hibi, M; Muraoka, O; Nojima, H; Shimizu, T; Yabe, T | 1 |
| Defrancq, E; Dumy, P; Singh, Y; Spinelli, N | 1 |
| de Vries, S; Dekker, C; Heering, HA; Williams, KA | 1 |
| Deutsch, C; Lovrinovic, M; Niemeyer, CM; Spengler, M | 1 |
| Lovrinovic, M; Niemeyer, CM | 1 |
| Andrecka, J; Brückner, F; Cramer, P; Lehmann, E; Lewis, R; Michaelis, J | 1 |
| Guo, Q; Momand, J; Sun, XZ; Tu, Q; Wang, J; Zarui, CS; Zhou, F; Zhu, X | 1 |
| Arndt, HD; Baumann, S; Harkal, SD; Schoof, S | 1 |
| Amirkhanov, NV; Cardi, CA; Dimitrov, I; Lackey, JP; Lai, S; Opitz, AW; Thakur, ML; Wagner, NJ; Wickstrom, E; Zhang, K | 1 |
| León, O; Roth, MJ; Valenzuela, B; Vera, J | 1 |
| Cai, LL; Kong, DM; Shen, HX | 1 |
| Hoyer, H; Martien, R; Perera, G; Schnürch, AB | 1 |
| Peifer, M; Vasella, A | 1 |
| Bogomolni, RA; Gardner, KH; Luecke, H; McNulty, R; Nash, AI; Shillito, ME; Swartz, TE | 1 |
| Jia, SM; Kong, DM; Li, P; Liu, XF; Shen, HX | 1 |
| Huang, WT; Li, NB; Luo, HQ; Xie, WY | 1 |
| Cochran, JR; Moore, SJ | 1 |
| Chang, CC; Chu-Su, Y; Lin, CW; Lin, S; Wei, SC | 1 |
| Chen, X; Chen, Y; Hu, J; Zhou, X | 1 |
| Yang, C; Yang, F; Yang, X; Zheng, Y | 1 |
| Babbitt, SE; Bretsnyder, EC; Kranz, RG; Lukat-Rodgers, GS; Mendez, DL; Rodgers, KR; San Francisco, B | 1 |
| Huang, WT; Li, NB; Luo, HQ; Zeng, AL; Zhang, JR | 1 |
| Li, Y; Ling, L; Xiao, Z; Xin, A; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Geiermann, AS; Micura, R | 1 |
| Chen, H; Guan, A; Li, Q; Shi, Y; Sun, H; Tang, Y; Xiang, J; Xu, S; Zhang, S | 1 |
| Li, W; Liu, Y; Ni, L; Wang, L; Wang, Y; Zhi, W | 1 |
| Ide, Y; Jang, EK; Kanaori, K; Koike, Y; Pack, SP; Tajima, K | 1 |
| Fani, M; Gholami, M; Makvandi, M; Meshkat, Z; Pourianfar, HR; Rezaee, SA; Rezayi, M | 1 |
| Bulathge, AW; Gassensmith, JJ; Herbert, FC; Meloni, G; Villones, RLE | 1 |
85 other study(ies) available for cysteine and oligonucleotides
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Application of a spectrophotometric method to the determination of the composition of oligonucleotides obtained from cysteine transfer ribonucleic acid.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cysteine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nucleosides; Oligonucleotides; RNA, Transfer; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1976 |
Identification of cysteine-10 of protein S18 as part of the mRNA-binding site of Escherichia coli ribosomes by affinity-labeling studies with a chemically reactive A-U-G analog.
Topics: Affinity Labels; Amino Acids; Codon; Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Oligonucleotides; Oligoribonucleotides; Ribosomal Proteins; Ribosomes; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Transfer | 1978 |
Role of the reactive cysteine residue in restriction endonuclease Cfr9I.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cysteine; Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; DNA Restriction Enzymes; Ethylmaleimide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetates; Iodoacetic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides | 1992 |
An extra cysteine proximal to the transmembrane domain induces differential cross-linking of p185neu and p185neu.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Membrane; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogenes; Receptor, ErbB-2 | 1992 |
Continuous regeneration of NAD(H) covalently bound to a cysteine genetically engineered into glucose dehydrogenase.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Cysteine; Glucose 1-Dehydrogenase; Glucose Dehydrogenases; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; NAD; Oligonucleotides; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 1991 |
Human interleukin-1 receptor antagonist. High yield expression in E. coli and examination of cysteine residues.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Binding, Competitive; Cloning, Molecular; Cysteine; Dinoprostone; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Humans; Interleukin 1 Receptor Antagonist Protein; Interleukin-1; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Proteins; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Recombinant Proteins; Sialoglycoproteins | 1992 |
Characterization of C439SR1, a mutant of Escherichia coli ribonucleotide diphosphate reductase: evidence that C439 is a residue essential for nucleotide reduction and C439SR1 is a protein possessing novel thioredoxin-like activity.
Topics: Base Sequence; Chromatography, Affinity; Circular Dichroism; Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nucleotides; Oligonucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase; Thioredoxins | 1992 |
Site-directed mutagenesis of the active site cysteine in Klebsiella aerogenes urease.
Topics: Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cysteine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetamide; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligonucleotides; Peptide Mapping; Urease | 1992 |
Outer membrane translocation of the extracellular enzyme pullulanase in Escherichia coli K12 does not require a fatty acylated N-terminal cysteine.
Topics: Acylation; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cell Compartmentation; Cell Membrane; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli; Glycoside Hydrolases; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1991 |
Role of cysteine residues in the activity of rat glutathione transferase P (7-7): elucidation by oligonucleotide site-directed mutagenesis.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cystamine; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Ethylmaleimide; Gene Expression; Glutathione Transferase; Kinetics; Liver; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1991 |
Regulation of fast inactivation of cloned mammalian IK(A) channels by cysteine oxidation.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cloning, Molecular; Cysteine; Drosophila melanogaster; Glutathione; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channel Gating; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Oocytes; Oxidation-Reduction; Potassium Channels; Recombinant Proteins; Xenopus laevis | 1991 |
The cysP promoter of Salmonella typhimurium: characterization of two binding sites for CysB protein, studies of in vivo transcription initiation, and demonstration of the anti-inducer effects of thiosulfate.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cysteine; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Serine; Sulfides; Thiosulfates; Transcription, Genetic | 1991 |
Posttranslational modification of Ha-ras p21 by farnesyl versus geranylgeranyl isoprenoids is determined by the COOH-terminal amino acid.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Cysteine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Mevalonic Acid; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligonucleotides; Polyisoprenyl Phosphates; Protein Biosynthesis; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras); Sesquiterpenes; Transfection | 1991 |
An ancient, highly conserved family of cysteine-rich protein domains revealed by cloning type I and type II murine macrophage scavenger receptors.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; Cysteine; DNA; Macrophages; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Oligonucleotides; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Receptors, Immunologic; Receptors, Lipoprotein; Receptors, Scavenger; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Scavenger Receptors, Class B | 1990 |
Site-directed mutagenesis of the region around Cys-241 of complement component C2. Evidence for a C4b binding site.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Complement C2; Complement C3-C5 Convertases; Complement C4b; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Hemolysis; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1991 |
Identification of 2Fe-2S cysteine ligands in putidaredoxin.
Topics: Base Sequence; Cysteine; DNA Mutational Analysis; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ferredoxins; Iron-Sulfur Proteins; Ligands; Metalloproteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Pseudomonas | 1990 |
The cysteine-rich domains of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor I receptors are primary determinants of hormone binding specificity. Evidence from receptor chimeras.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cloning, Molecular; Cricetinae; Cysteine; In Vitro Techniques; Insulin; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Precipitin Tests; Receptor, Insulin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, Somatomedin; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Somatomedins; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1990 |
Preparation of heavy-atom derivatives using site-directed mutagenesis. Introduction of cysteine residues into gamma delta resolvase.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Binding Sites; Crystallization; Cysteine; Ethylmercury Compounds; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nucleotidyltransferases; Oligonucleotides; Proteins; Transposases | 1989 |
Applications of fast atom bombardment and tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Carcinogens; Cysteine; Glutathione; Mass Spectrometry; Oligonucleotides; Peptides; Toxins, Biological | 1988 |
Nucleotide sequence of tRNA Cys from baker's yeast.
Topics: Acrylamides; Animals; Base Sequence; Chromatography; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cysteine; Glycine; Methionine; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligonucleotides; Pancreas; Phenylalanine; Phosphoric Diester Hydrolases; Ribonucleases; Ribonucleotides; RNA, Transfer; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Snakes; Spleen; Tryptophan; Valine; Venoms | 1974 |
Recognition of nonsense codons in mammalian cells.
Topics: Acylation; Adenine Nucleotides; Amino Acyl-tRNA Synthetases; Animals; Arginine; Cattle; Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Genetic Code; Guanine Nucleotides; Liver; Oligonucleotides; Protein Binding; Ribosomes; RNA, Transfer; Serine; Suppression, Genetic; Tritium; Tryptophan; Uracil Nucleotides | 1972 |
Ribonucleic acid regulation in amino acid-limited cultures of Escherichia coli grown in a chemostat.
Topics: Amino Acids; Arginine; Bacterial Proteins; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cell Count; Chloramphenicol; Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Galactosidases; Histidine; Methionine; Microscopy, Phase-Contrast; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Phenylalanine; RNA, Bacterial; Tritium; Uridine | 1974 |
Oligomerization of the HIV type 2 Nef protein: mutational analysis of the heptad leucine repeat motif and cysteine residues.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cysteine; Escherichia coli; Gene Products, nef; HIV-2; Humans; Leucine Zippers; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Oligonucleotides; Recombinant Fusion Proteins | 1995 |
Catalytic properties and stability of a Pseudomonas sp.101 formate dehydrogenase mutants containing Cys-255-Ser and Cys-255-Met replacements.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Catalysis; Cysteine; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Enzyme Stability; Formate Dehydrogenases; Kinetics; Mercury; Methionine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Pseudomonas; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Serine | 1993 |
Serine319 and 321 are functional in isocitrate lyase from Escherichia coli.
Topics: Alanine; Asparagine; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glycine; Histidine; Isocitrate Lyase; Isocitrates; Kinetics; Magnesium; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Proline; Sequence Alignment; Serine; Threonine | 1997 |
Locating the anion-selectivity filter of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) chloride channel.
Topics: Anions; Chloride Channels; Cysteine; Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator; Electrophysiology; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Ion Channel Gating; Kinetics; Mesylates; Mutagenesis; Oligonucleotides; Oocytes; RNA, Messenger; Sulfhydryl Reagents | 1997 |
[Expression of synthetic human interleukin-10 gene and its mutant variants in Escherichia coli cells].
Topics: Base Sequence; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Genes, Synthetic; Humans; Interleukin-10; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Recombinant Proteins | 1998 |
The Cys-rich region of hepatitis A virus cellular receptor 1 is required for binding of hepatitis A virus and protective monoclonal antibody 190/4.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Base Sequence; Cell Line; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cysteine; Dogs; Glycosylation; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; Hepatovirus; Humans; Membrane Glycoproteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Oligonucleotides; Rabbits; Receptors, Virus; Transfection; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1998 |
[New approach to the study of interaction of amino acid side groups with aryl azides].
Topics: Amino Acids; Azides; Cystamine; Cysteine; Diamines; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Histamine; Histidine; Imidazoles; Lysine; Models, Molecular; Oligonucleotides; Ultraviolet Rays | 1998 |
Probing the topography of HIV-1 nucleocapsid protein with the alkylating agent N-ethylmaleimide.
Topics: Alkylating Agents; Amino Acid Sequence; Capsid; Capsid Proteins; Cysteine; Ethylmaleimide; Fluorescence Polarization; gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus; Gene Products, gag; HIV-1; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Sequence Analysis; Viral Proteins; Zinc Fingers | 1998 |
Hairpin-shaped DNA duplexes with disulfide bonds in sugar-phosphate backbone as potential DNA reagents for crosslinking with proteins.
Topics: Carbodiimides; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; Dimerization; Disulfides; DNA; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligonucleotides | 1999 |
Cysteine-scanning mutagenesis of transmembrane segment 7 of the GLUT1 glucose transporter.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cysteine; Glucose Transporter Type 1; Humans; Molecular Sequence Data; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Oligonucleotides; Xenopus laevis | 1999 |
Synthesis and application of a novel, crystalline phosphoramidite monomer with thiol terminus, suitable for the synthesis of DNA conjugates.
Topics: Chromans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Disulfides; Oligonucleotides; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pentanoic Acids; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2001 |
Conformationally sensitive residues in transmembrane domain 9 of the Na+/dicarboxylate co-transporter.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological Transport; Blotting, Western; Carrier Proteins; Cations; Cell Membrane; Cysteine; Dicarboxylic Acid Transporters; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophysiology; Indicators and Reagents; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Mesylates; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Oocytes; Organic Anion Transporters, Sodium-Dependent; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters; Time Factors; Xenopus | 2001 |
The highly conserved DNA-binding domains of A-, B- and c-Myb differ with respect to DNA-binding, phosphorylation and redox properties.
Topics: Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Cell Cycle Proteins; Cysteine; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Humans; Oligonucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myb; Trans-Activators | 2001 |
Identification and characterization of the DNA binding domain of CpG-binding protein.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; CpG Islands; Cysteine; DNA; DNA Methylation; Histidine; Humans; Ligands; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transcriptional Activation; Zinc | 2001 |
Effect of polymerization on the subdomain 3/4 loop of yeast actin.
Topics: Acrylamides; Actins; Calcium; Cysteine; Kinetics; Leucine; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Myosins; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Time Factors; Valine | 2002 |
A ribozyme with michaelase activity: synthesis of the substrate precursors.
Topics: Amides; Biotin; Cysteine; Gene Library; Guanosine; Kinetics; Oligonucleotides; Phosphorus Isotopes; Photochemistry; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Catalytic; Substrate Specificity; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Templates, Genetic; Thymidylate Synthase | 2003 |
3'-Ferrocene-labeled oligonucleotide chains end-tethered to gold electrode surfaces: novel model systems for exploring flexibility of short DNA using cyclic voltammetry.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cysteine; Disulfides; DNA, Complementary; DNA, Single-Stranded; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Ferrous Compounds; Gold; Metallocenes; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Oligonucleotides | 2003 |
Constitutive activation of the angiotensin II type 1 receptor alters the spatial proximity of transmembrane 7 to the ligand-binding pocket.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Cell Membrane; COS Cells; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Genes, Reporter; Humans; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Ligands; Mesylates; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Transfection; Tyrosine; Water | 2003 |
Purification and characterization of the N-terminal nucleotide binding domain of an ABC drug transporter of Candida albicans: uncommon cysteine 193 of Walker A is critical for ATP hydrolysis.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Base Sequence; Candida albicans; Cysteine; Ethylmaleimide; Fungal Proteins; Hydrolysis; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleotides; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2003 |
Formation of disulfide bond in p53 correlates with inhibition of DNA binding and tetramerization.
Topics: Binding Sites; Blotting, Western; Chromatography, Gel; Cysteine; Disulfides; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Dithiothreitol; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; GADD45 Proteins; Humans; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Maleimides; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Models, Molecular; Molecular Weight; Nitrobenzoates; Nuclear Proteins; Oligonucleotides; Oxidation-Reduction; Polyethylene Glycols; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-mdm2; Recombinant Proteins; Sulfenic Acids; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfinic Acids; Sulfonic Acids; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 | 2003 |
Solution structure and stability of a disulfide cross-linked nucleopeptide duplex.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Cysteine; Disulfides; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Nucleoproteins; Oligonucleotides; Protein Conformation; Solutions; Temperature | 2003 |
Role of His-16 in turnover of T4 pyrimidine dimer glycosylase.
Topics: Alanine; Aspartic Acid; Cell Survival; Cysteine; Dimerization; DNA; DNA Glycosylases; DNA Repair; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Histidine; Kinetics; Lysine; Models, Biological; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Phenotype; Plasmids; Serine; Time Factors; Ultraviolet Rays | 2004 |
Synthesis of fluorescent oligonucleotide--EYFP conjugate: towards supramolecular construction of semisynthetic biomolecular antennae.
Topics: Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Mutation; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Oligonucleotides | 2004 |
Cross-linking of promoter DNA to T7 RNA polymerase does not prevent formation of a stable elongation complex.
Topics: Base Sequence; Chromatography, Gel; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; DNA; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; Escherichia coli; Glutathione; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Oxygen; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Proteins; RNA; Transcription, Genetic; Viral Proteins | 2004 |
DNA cross-linking by dehydromonocrotaline lacks apparent base sequence preference.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aspartic Acid; Base Sequence; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; DNA; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Glutathione; Indicators and Reagents; Monocrotaline; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Oligonucleotides; Pyrroles; Tyrosine | 2004 |
Analysis of the third transmembrane domain of the human type 1 angiotensin II receptor by cysteine scanning mutagenesis.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; COS Cells; Cysteine; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethyl Methanesulfonate; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Isoleucine; Kinetics; Ligands; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Tyrosine | 2004 |
A Salmonella typhimurium effector protein SifA is modified by host cell prenylation and S-acylation machinery.
Topics: Acylation; Alkyl and Aryl Transferases; Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Carbonates; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cysteine; Cytosol; Detergents; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycoproteins; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Immunoblotting; Macrophages; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Octoxynol; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Polyethylene Glycols; Protein Biosynthesis; Salmonella typhimurium; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Subcellular Fractions; Time Factors; Transfection | 2005 |
Intermolecular contact between globular N-terminal fold and C-terminal domain of ApoA-I stabilizes its lipid-bound conformation: studies employing chemical cross-linking and mass spectrometry.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Apolipoprotein A-I; Chromatography, Liquid; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; Dimerization; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Lipids; Lysine; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Peptides; Protein Conformation; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Succinimides; Trypsin; Urea | 2005 |
Studying the intracellular dissociation of polymer-oligonucleotide complexes by dual color fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy and confocal imaging.
Topics: Animals; Buffers; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cysteine; Cytoplasm; Esters; Fluorescent Dyes; Intracellular Fluid; Microinjections; Microscopy, Confocal; Nanotubes; Oligonucleotides; Polyamines; Polyhydroxyethyl Methacrylate; Polylysine; Polymers; Rhodamines; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Transfection; Vero Cells | 2005 |
Identification of receptors and signaling pathways for orphan bone morphogenetic protein/growth differentiation factor ligands based on genomic analyses.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Base Sequence; Blotting, Western; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; COS Cells; Cysteine; Dimerization; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Evolution, Molecular; Genes, Reporter; Genomics; Growth Differentiation Factor 6; Growth Differentiation Factors; Humans; Ligands; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Oligonucleotides; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Peptides; Phylogeny; Plasmids; Recombinant Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; RNA Interference; Signal Transduction; Transfection | 2005 |
Cysteine-tailed class I-binding peptides bind to CpG adjuvant and enhance primary CTL responses.
Topics: Adjuvants, Immunologic; Alkylation; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Animals; Antigen Presentation; CpG Islands; Cysteine; H-Y Antigen; Histocompatibility Antigens Class I; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Oligonucleotides; Structure-Activity Relationship; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Vaccines | 2005 |
Direct readout of protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry from protein-DNA microarrays.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Antibody Specificity; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cell Line; Cysteine; DNA; Humans; Immobilization; Molecular Structure; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis; Oligonucleotides; Protein Array Analysis; ras Proteins; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Surface Properties; TNF Receptor-Associated Factor 3 | 2005 |
Temperature-dependent biosynthesis of 2-thioribothymidine of Thermus thermophilus tRNA.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Carbon-Sulfur Lyases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Culture Media; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Lyases; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Nucleic Acid Denaturation; Oligonucleotides; Protein Binding; Recombination, Genetic; RNA; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional; RNA, Transfer; Sequence Analysis, RNA; Sulfates; Sulfurtransferases; Temperature; Thermus thermophilus; Thiouridine; tRNA Methyltransferases; Uridine | 2006 |
Cys-113 and Cys-422 form a high affinity metalloid binding site in the ArsA ATPase.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Antimony Potassium Tartrate; Arsenites; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Codon; Cysteine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Hydrolysis; Ion Pumps; Magnesium; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Multienzyme Complexes; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Nucleotides; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Sodium Compounds; Time Factors; Trypsin | 2006 |
Sizzled controls dorso-ventral polarity by repressing cleavage of the Chordin protein.
Topics: Animals; Body Patterning; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cell Polarity; Cysteine; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Glycoproteins; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Metalloproteases; Morphogenesis; Oligonucleotides; Phenotype; Tolloid-Like Metalloproteinases; Zebrafish; Zebrafish Proteins | 2006 |
A novel heterobifunctional linker for facile access to bioconjugates.
Topics: Aldehydes; Biological Factors; Circular Dichroism; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; Disulfides; Indicators and Reagents; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oligonucleotides; Oligopeptides; Spectrophotometry; Thermodynamics | 2006 |
Specific vectorial immobilization of oligonucleotide-modified yeast cytochrome C on carbon nanotubes.
Topics: Adsorption; Binding Sites; Biosensing Techniques; Cysteine; Cytochromes c; Detergents; Electrochemistry; Enzymes; Lysine; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nanotubes, Carbon; Oligonucleotides; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Spectrophotometry | 2006 |
Synthesis of covalent DNA-protein conjugates by expressed protein ligation.
Topics: Carrier Proteins; Cysteine; DNA; Feasibility Studies; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Inteins; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Oligonucleotides; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Succinimides | 2005 |
Microtiter plate-based screening for the optimization of DNA-protein conjugate synthesis by means of expressed protein ligation.
Topics: Biochemistry; Carrier Proteins; Cysteine; DNA; Escherichia coli; Esters; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inteins; Ions; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Models, Chemical; Oligonucleotides; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteins; Recombinant Proteins | 2007 |
Single-molecule tracking of mRNA exiting from RNA polymerase II.
Topics: Cysteine; DNA Polymerase II; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fungal Proteins; Lasers; Models, Molecular; Models, Statistical; Molecular Conformation; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Protein Structure, Tertiary; RNA; RNA Polymerase II; RNA, Messenger; Transcription Factor TFIIB | 2008 |
Capture of p53 by electrodes modified with consensus DNA duplexes and amplified voltammetric detection using ferrocene-capped gold nanoparticle/streptavidin conjugates.
Topics: Base Pairing; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cysteine; DNA; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Ferrous Compounds; Genes, p53; Humans; Metallocenes; Mutation; Nanoparticles; Oligonucleotides; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Streptavidin | 2008 |
Mapping the binding site of thiopeptide antibiotics by proximity-induced covalent capture.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Binding Sites; Cysteine; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Ligands; Models, Chemical; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Peptides; Protein Interaction Mapping; Ribosomal Proteins; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2008 |
Design of (Gd-DO3A)n-polydiamidopropanoyl-peptide nucleic acid-D(Cys-Ser-Lys-Cys) magnetic resonance contrast agents.
Topics: Anthracenes; Base Sequence; Chelating Agents; Computer Simulation; Cysteine; Gadolinium; Gadolinium DTPA; Lysine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Oligonucleotides; Oligopeptides; Peptide Nucleic Acids; Serine; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization | 2008 |
Characterization of the long-terminal repeat single-strand tail-binding site of Moloney-MuLV integrase by crosslinking.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Binding Sites; Cross-Linking Reagents; Cysteine; DNA, Viral; Integrases; Moloney murine leukemia virus; Oligonucleotides; Terminal Repeat Sequences; Virus Integration | 2008 |
Quantitative detection of Ag(+) and cysteine using G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzymes.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Cysteine; DNA, Catalytic; G-Quadruplexes; Hemin; Oligonucleotides; Silver; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2010 |
An oral oligonucleotide delivery system based on a thiolated polymer: Development and in vitro evaluation.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Fluids; Caco-2 Cells; Cysteine; Deoxyribonuclease I; Drug Carriers; Drug Compounding; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Stability; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Mucosa; Oligonucleotides; Permeability; Polymers; Rats; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Swine | 2011 |
Autonomously pairing cysteinyl-linked nucleotide analogues with a unique architecture.
Topics: Cysteine; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Oligonucleotides; Water | 2011 |
Structural basis of photosensitivity in a bacterial light-oxygen-voltage/helix-turn-helix (LOV-HTH) DNA-binding protein.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cysteine; DNA-Binding Proteins; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Flavin Mononucleotide; Helix-Turn-Helix Motifs; Light; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Molecular; Oligonucleotides; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Secondary; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrophotometry | 2011 |
G-quadruplex DNAzyme-based Hg2+ and cysteine sensors utilizing Hg2+-mediated oligonucleotide switching.
Topics: Benzothiazoles; Biosensing Techniques; Colorimetry; Cysteine; DNA, Catalytic; Environmental Pollutants; G-Quadruplexes; Hemin; Limit of Detection; Mercury; Oligonucleotides; Sulfonic Acids; Thiazoles | 2011 |
Silver(I) ions and cysteine detection based on photoinduced electron transfer mediated by cytosine-Ag(+)-cytosine base pairs.
Topics: Base Pairing; Base Sequence; Cysteine; Cytosine; Electron Transport; Fluoresceins; Ions; Oligonucleotides; Photochemical Processes; Silver; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2011 |
Engineering knottins as novel binding agents.
Topics: Affinity Labels; Animals; Carrier Proteins; Cysteine; Cystine-Knot Miniproteins; DNA; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescent Dyes; Humans; Oligonucleotides; Open Reading Frames; Peptide Library; Pichia; Plasmids; Protein Binding; Protein Engineering; Protein Folding; Receptors, Cell Surface; Recombinant Proteins; Solid-Phase Synthesis Techniques; Substrate Specificity; Yeasts | 2012 |
Surface plasmon resonance detection of silver ions and cysteine using DNA intercalator-based amplification.
Topics: Cysteine; DNA, Single-Stranded; Intercalating Agents; Ions; Oligonucleotides; Silver; Surface Plasmon Resonance | 2012 |
Detection of Ag⁺ ions and cysteine based on chelation actions between Ag⁺ ions and guanine bases.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Cations, Monovalent; Chelating Agents; Cysteine; DNA, Single-Stranded; Fluorescence; Fluorescent Dyes; Graphite; Guanine; Oligonucleotides; Oxides; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silver | 2013 |
Real-time study of interactions between cytosine-cytosine pairs in DNA oligonucleotides and silver ions using dual polarization interferometry.
Topics: Base Pairing; Biosensing Techniques; Calibration; Circular Dichroism; Computer Systems; Cysteine; Cytosine; DNA; DNA, Single-Stranded; Drinking Water; Interferometry; Metals; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Oligonucleotides; Silver | 2014 |
Mechanisms of mitochondrial holocytochrome c synthase and the key roles played by cysteines and histidine of the heme attachment site, Cys-XX-Cys-His.
Topics: Binding Sites; Catalytic Domain; Conserved Sequence; Cysteine; Cytochromes c; Escherichia coli; Heme; Histidine; Humans; Ligands; Lyases; Mitochondria; Oligonucleotides; Plasmids; Protein Folding; Pyridines; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Spectrum Analysis, Raman; Sulfhydryl Compounds | 2014 |
Ethynyl and π-stacked thymine-Hg2+-thymine base pairs enhanced fluorescence quenching via photoinduced electron transfer and simple and sensitive mercury ion sensing.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Cysteine; Ions; Mercury; Oligonucleotides; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Thymine | 2015 |
Triplex DNA logic gate based upon switching on/off their structure by Ag(+)/cysteine.
Topics: Circular Dichroism; Cysteine; DNA; Fluorescent Dyes; Gold; Limit of Detection; Molecular Biology; Oligonucleotides; Reproducibility of Results; Silver; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2015 |
Native Chemical Ligation of Hydrolysis-Resistant 3'-NH-Cysteine-Modified RNA.
Topics: Cysteine; Hydrolysis; Oligonucleotides; Peptides | 2015 |
Reversible regulation of the supramolecular chirality of a cyanine dye by using the G-quadruplex structure as a template.
Topics: Base Sequence; Carbocyanines; Circular Dichroism; Cysteine; G-Quadruplexes; Oligonucleotides; Silver; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Stereoisomerism | 2016 |
Recyclable DNA-Derived Polymeric Sensor: Ultrasensitive Detection of Hg(II) Ions Modulated by Morphological Changes.
Topics: Cysteine; DNA; Ions; Mercury; Micelles; Oligonucleotides; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2019 |
Nucleobase-involved native chemical ligation: a novel reaction between an oxanine nucleobase and N-terminal cysteine for oligonucleotide-peptide conjugation.
Topics: Cysteine; Molecular Structure; Oligonucleotides; Peptides; Purine Nucleosides | 2020 |
Rapid and label-free electrochemical DNA biosensor based on a facile one-step electrochemical synthesis of rGO-PPy-(L-Cys)-AuNPs nanocomposite for the HTLV-1 oligonucleotide detection.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Cysteine; DNA; Electrochemical Techniques; Gold; Graphite; Human T-lymphotropic virus 1; Humans; Metal Nanoparticles; Molecular Structure; Nanocomposites; Oligonucleotides; Particle Size; Polymers; Pyrroles; Surface Properties | 2021 |
Comparative cisplatin reactivity towards human Zn7-metallothionein-2 and MTF-1 zinc fingers: potential implications in anticancer drug resistance.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antineoplastic Agents; Chelating Agents; Cisplatin; Coordination Complexes; Cysteine; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; Drug Resistance; Histidine; Humans; Metallothionein; Metals; Oligonucleotides; Transcription Factors; Zinc; Zinc Fingers | 2022 |