cyclic-gmp and butaprost

Activation of the inflammasome-caspase-1 axis in lung endothelial cells is emerging as a novel arm of the innate immune response to pneumonia and sepsis caused by

Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenine; Alprostadil; Animals; Caspase 1; Cell Proliferation; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dinoprostone; Endothelial Cells; Gene Expression Regulation; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Inflammasomes; Interleukin-1beta; Lung; Primary Cell Culture; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Rats; Rolipram; Signal Transduction; Single-Cell Analysis

Ontogenic changes in choroidal vascular prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4), changes in receptor-coupled functions, and the possible role of high perinatal prostaglandin levels in regulating expression and function of these receptors were studied. PGE2 receptors and their functions on choroidal tissues were characterized by radioligand binding; by measurements of second messengers to receptor stimulation; and by vasomotor response to EP1, EP2, EP3, and EP4 ligands on perfused choroidal vascular beds from saline- and ibuprofen-treated (40 mg/kg every 4 every 4 hours for 48 hours) newborn pigs and from adult animals. PGE2 as well as EP2- and EP4-attributed choroidal stimulation elicited greater vasorelaxation in the saline-treated newborn and was associated with higher nitrite (oxidation product of NO, N omega-nitro-L-arginine inhibitable) production than in adult tissues. In contrast, EP1 and EP3 stimulation caused significantly more constriction in the adult than in the newborn, and this was associated with increased production of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) and greater reduction of cAMP synthesis in the adult. Maximum [3H]PGE2 binding was also higher (3-fold) in adult than in newborn tissues. Competition binding studies revealed that of the PGE2 receptors in the adult choroid, approximately 55% were of the EP1 subtype, 8% were EP2, 22% were EP3, and 15% were EP4. Newborn choroid contained approximately 33% each of EP1 and EP2 receptors, 20% of EP3, and 15% of EP4. Inhibition of endogenous prostaglandin synthesis for 48 hours with ibuprofen in newborns to attain levels found in the adult resulted in an upregulation of [3H]PGE2 binding, EP1- and EP3-mediated vasoconstriction, and increases and decreases in IP3 and cAMP production, respectively, in newborn tissues compared with adult tissues. On the other hand, ibuprofen treatment of newborns led to a decrease in PGE2- and EP4-mediated vasorelaxation and nitrite synthesis (associated with decreased expression of endothelial NO synthase) to levels observed in adults: EP2-elicited responses in newborns were not affected by ibuprofen. In conclusion, fewer EP1 receptors (associated with vasoconstriction), more EP2 receptors, and greater EP4-coupled NO production (coupled to vasorelaxation) seem to be responsible for the increased vasodilation to PGE2 in the newborn. The decrease in prostaglandin levels with age appears to cause, on one hand, upregulation of EP1 and EP3 receptors an

Topics: Age Factors; Alprostadil; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Biphenyl Compounds; Choroid; Cyclic AMP; Cyclic GMP; Dinoprostone; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ibuprofen; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Prostaglandins; Receptors, Prostaglandin E; Swine; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation