cyclic-gmp and 11-12-epoxy-5-8-14-eicosatrienoic-acid

Vascular endothelial cells synthesize and release vasodilators such as nitric oxide (NO) and epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). NO is known to inhibit EET-induced smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation. This study investigates the underlying mechanism of this inhibition.. Through measurements of membrane potential and arterial tension, we show that 11,12-EET induced membrane hyperpolarization and vascular relaxation in endothelium-denuded porcine coronary arteries. These responses were suppressed by S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and 8-Br-cGMP, an NO donor and a membrane-permeant analogue of cGMP, respectively. The inhibitory actions of SNAP and 8-Br-cGMP on 11,12-EET-induced membrane hyperpolarization and vascular relaxation were reversed by hydroxocobalamin, an NO scavenger; ODQ, a guanylyl cyclase inhibitor; and KT5823, a protein kinase G (PKG) inhibitor. The inhibitory actions of SNAP and 8-bromo cyclic GMP (8-Br-cGMP) on the EET responses were also abrogated by shielding TRPC1-PKG phosphorylation sites with an excessive supply of exogenous PKG substrates, TAT-TRPC1(S172) and TAT-TRPC1(T313). Furthermore, a phosphorylation assay demonstrated that PKG could directly phosphorylate TRPC1 at Ser(172) and Thr(313). In addition, 11,12-EET failed to induce membrane hyperpolarization and vascular relaxation when TRPV4, TRPC1, or KCa1.1 was selectively inhibited. Co-immunoprecipitation studies demonstrated that TRPV4, TRPC1, and KCa1.1 physically associated with each other in smooth muscle cells.. Our findings demonstrate a novel role of the NO-cGMP-PKG pathway in the inhibition of 11,12-EET-induced smooth muscle hyperpolarization and relaxation via PKG-mediated phosphorylation of TRPC1.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Animals; Coronary Vessels; Cyclic GMP; Cyclic GMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Large-Conductance Calcium-Activated Potassium Channel alpha Subunits; Membrane Potentials; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Signal Transduction; Swine; Transfection; TRPC Cation Channels; TRPV Cation Channels; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents

The present study was to test the hypothesis that 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET), a metabolic product of arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450 epoxygenase, regulates nitric oxide (NO) generation of the L-arginine/NO synthase (NOS) pathway in human platelets. Human platelets were incubated in the presence or absence of different concentrations of 11,12-EET for 2 h at 37 degrees C, followed by measurements of activities of the L-arginine/NOS pathway. Incubation with 11,12-EET increased the platelet NOS activity, nitrite production, cGMP content, and the platelet uptake of L-[(3)H]arginine in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, 11,12-EET attenuated intracellular free Ca(2+) accumulation stimulated by collagen, which was at least partly mediated by EET-activated L-arginine/NOS pathway. It is suggested that 11,12-EET regulates platelet function through up-regulating the activity of the L-arginine/NOS/NO pathway.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Adult; Arginine; Biological Transport; Blood Platelets; Calcium Signaling; Collagen; Cyclic GMP; Female; Humans; Male; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; Tritium

Nitric oxide (NO) is an inhibitor of hemoproteins including cytochrome P-450 enzymes. This study tested the hypothesis that NO inhibits cytochrome P-450 epoxygenase-dependent vascular responses in kidneys. In rat renal pressurized microvessels, arachidonic acid (AA, 0.03-1 microM) or bradykinin (BK, 0.1-3 microM) elicited NO- and prostanoid-independent vasodilation. Miconazole (1.5 microM) or 6-(2-propargyloxyphenyl)hexanoic acid (30 microM), both of which are inhibitors of epoxygenase enzymes, or the fixing of epoxide levels with 11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11,12-EET; 1 and 3 microM) inhibited these responses. Apamin (1 microM), which is a large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ (BKCa) channel inhibitor, or 18alpha-glycyrrhetinic acid (30 microM), which is an inhibitor of myoendothelial gap junctional electromechanical coupling, also inhibited these responses. NO donors spermine NONOate (1 and 3 microM) or sodium nitroprusside (0.3 and 3 microM) but not 8-bromo-cGMP (100 microM), which is an analog of cGMP (the second messenger of NO), blunted the dilation produced by AA or BK in a reversible manner without affecting that produced by hydralazine. However, the non-NO donor hydralazine did not affect the dilatory effect of AA or BK. Spermine NONOate did not affect the dilation produced by 11,12-EET, NS-1619 (a BKCa channel opener), or cromakalim (an ATP-sensitive K+ channel opener). AA and BK stimulated EET production, whereas hydralazine had no effect. On the other hand, spermine NONOate (3 microM) attenuated basal (19 +/- 7%; P < 0.05) and AA stimulation (1 microM, 29 +/- 9%; P < 0.05) of renal preglomerular vascular production of all regioisomeric EETs: 5,6-; 8,9-; 11,12-; and 14,15-EET. These results suggest that NO directly and reversibly inhibits epoxygenase-dependent dilation of rat renal microvessels without affecting the actions of epoxides on K+ channels.

Topics: 8,11,14-Eicosatrienoic Acid; Animals; Arachidonic Acid; Bradykinin; Cyclic GMP; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Epoxy Compounds; Gap Junctions; Male; Microcirculation; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Donors; Nitrogen Oxides; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Renal Circulation; Spermine; Vasodilation; Vasodilator Agents