curcumin and trimethylamine

Topics: Antioxidants; Biogenic Amines; Colorimetry; Curcumin; Polymers

Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Animals; Cisplatin; Curcumin; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Kidney; Lipopolysaccharides; Methylamines; Mice; NF-kappa B; Oxidative Stress; Oxides; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt; Signal Transduction

Studies have shown that cadmium (Cd) exposure primarily occurs through diet, and Cd ingestion is a risk factor for atherosclerosis (AS). However, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. As a target organ, the gastrointestinal tract may play a key role in Cd-induced AS. Additionally, as curcumin is insoluble in water but stable in the stomach of acidic pH, it may play regulative roles in the gut.. We assess the effect of Cd exposure on gut flora, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) metabolism and macrophage polarization, further investigate whether curcumin protects against Cd-induced AS by remodeling gut microbiota.. The results of 16 S rRNA sequencing show that Cd exposure causes diversity reduction and compositional alteration of the microbial community, resulting in the increasing TMAO synthesis, the imbalance of lipid metabolism, and the M1-type macrophage polarization in the mouse model (ApoE. We first demonstrate that Cd exposure worsens the progression of AS via intestinal flora imbalance and increased TMAO synthesis. Curcumin was verified as a potential novel intervention for preventing Cd-induced AS via remodeling gut microbiota. This study elucidates a new approach for treating AS in regions with significant Cd exposure.

Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Atherosclerosis; Cadmium; Curcumin; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Macrophages; Methylamines; Mice; Oxides; Water

Curcumin is a potential natural anticancer drug with low oral bioavailability because of poor water solubility. The aqueous solubility of curcumin is enhanced by means of modification with the carbohydrate units. Polymerization of the curcumin-containing monomer with carbohydrate-containing monomer gives the water-soluble glycopolymer bearing curcumin pendant residues. The obtained copolymers (P1 and P2) having desirable water solubility were well-characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), gel permeation chromatography (GPC), UV-Vis absorption spectroscopy, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. The copolymer P2 with a molar ratio of 1:6 (curcumin/carbohydrate) calculated from the proton NMR results exhibits a similar anticancer activity compared to original curcumin, which may serve as a potential chemotherapeutic agent in the field of anticancer medicine.

Topics: Antineoplastic Agents; Cell Survival; Curcumin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzymes, Immobilized; Fungal Proteins; HeLa Cells; Humans; Lipase; Methacrylates; Methylamines; Methylglucosides; Polymerization; Solubility; Solutions; Water