curcumin and mangostin

This study was aimed to develop microhemodynamic indices to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicine in diabetic tissues.. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: normal control rats (Control), type 2 diabetic rats without (DM2) and with supplementation of alpha mangostin (DM2-MG) or curcumin (DM2-CUR). Alpha-mangostin or curcumin (200 mg/kg BW) were fed followed by i.p. injection of streptozotocin (STZ). Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and retinal blood flow (RBF) were measured and retinal flow resistance (RFR) was calculated. Three indices were developed to evaluate the effectiveness of herbal medicines in RFR-MAP diagram based on experimental data of MAP and RFR in type 2 diabetic rats. These indices are α, β, and γ where α is a ratio of reduction in MAP, β is a ratio of reduction in RFR increasing with MAP increase, and γ indicates a ratio of reduction in RFR.. The elevated MAP and RFR and decreased RBF were observed in DM2 rats.Interestingly, alpha-mangostin or curcumin supplementation significantly increased RBF while decreased MAP and RFR. Using α, β and γ indices, it was found that alpha-mangostin is more effective than curcumin in type 2 diabetic retina.. These microhemodynamic indices may be useful to compare various herbal medicines in different tissues.

Topics: Animals; Curcumin; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Hemodynamics; Herbal Medicine; Male; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Retina; Xanthones

Curcumin is a phenolic yellow curry pigment with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and α-mangostin is a xanthone isolated from mangosteen fruit with antioxidant properties. Iodoacetate (IAA) is an inhibitor of the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase that induces a model of metabolic inhibition in neurons where reactive oxygen species (ROS) production is a significant mechanism. Furthermore, it has been shown that the induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) protects against IAA-induced neuronal death.. To study the effects of α-mangostin and curcumin against the IAA-induced cell death and on HO-1 expression in primary cultures of cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs).. CGNs were treated with curcumin or α-mangostin before the addition of IAA. Cell viability and ROS production were measured 24 and 4 hours after IAA addition, respectively. HO-1 expression was measured by western blot.. Both α-mangostin and curcumin pretreatment ameliorated the neuronal death induced by IAA in a concentration-dependent way, which was associated with an amelioration of IAA-induced ROS formation. In addition, it was found that α-mangostin and curcumin induced HO-1 expression.. Treatment with α-mangostin and curcumin provided a neuroprotective effect against IAA in primary cultures of CGNs, an effect associated with an amelioration of the IAA-induced ROS production. HO-1 induced by these antioxidants may also be involved in the neuroprotective effect. Future work will be required to determine whether α-mangostin may cross the blood-brain barrier and achieve enough bioavailability to elicit a protective response in the brain being an effective nutraceutical compound for preventive therapy of neurodegenerative diseases.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cerebellum; Curcumin; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heme Oxygenase-1; Iodoacetic Acid; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Primary Cell Culture; Protein Kinase Inhibitors; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Xanthones