creatine and nitrates

creatine has been researched along with nitrates in 39 studies

Research

Studies (39)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199013 (33.33)18.7374
1990's5 (12.82)18.2507
2000's8 (20.51)29.6817
2010's9 (23.08)24.3611
2020's4 (10.26)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Chérif, S; Greene, J; Milner-White, EJ; Williamson, J1
Haugland, RP1
Balny, C; Barman, T; Douzou, P; Travers, F1
Cohn, M; Reed, GH1
McLaughlin, AC; Reed, GH1
Cleland, WW; Schimerlik, MI1
Focant, B; Watts, DC1
McLaughlin, AC1
Cohn, M; James, TL1
Milner-White, EJ; Watts, DC2
Carrasquer, G; Diana, AL1
Barman, TE; Travers, F1
Blum, M; Cabili, S; Csernihovsky, T; Iaina, A; Maree, A; Peer, G; Silverberg, DS; Wollman, Y1
Imkampe, A; Mayser, P; Papavassilis, C; Winkeler, M1
Bode-Böger, SM; Böger, RH; Böhme, M; Brandes, RP; Frölich, JC; Mügge, A; Phivthong-ngam, L1
Yang, Y; Zhou, HM1
Chen, CP; Kitani, K; Yokozawa, T1
Mayeux, PR; Walker, LM; Zhang, C1
Borders, CL; Edmiston, PL; Snider, MJ; Wolfenden, R1
Allen, KN; Babbitt, PC; Kenyon, GL; Lahiri, SD; McLeish, MJ; Wang, PF1
Albrecht, EW; Smit-van Oosten, A; Stegeman, CA; van Goor, H1
Fujimura, A; Nishiki, K; Purkerson, JM; Schwartz, GJ; Tsuruoka, S; Wakaumi, M; Yamamoto, H1
Forest, E; Marcillat, O; Mazon, H; Vial, C1
Barrera, D; Carvajal, RC; Castilla, ME; Hernández-Pando, R; Ibarra-Rubio, ME; Macías-Ruvalcaba, NA; Maldonado, PD; Medina-Campos, ON; Pedraza-Chaverrí, J; Salcedo, MI; Saldívar, L; Tapia, E1
Asderakis, A; Chavez, R; Griffiths, D; Ilham, MA; Janzic, A; Khanafer, A; Namagondlu, GS; Sikas, N; Smith, D1
Bernard, M; Clarke, K; Cole, M; Cozzone, PJ; Dalmasso, C; Desrois, M; Kober, F; Lan, C1
Anding, RH; Chorley, JN1
Bescós, R; Betteridge, S; Garnham, AP; Martorell, M; McConell, GK; Pons, A; Stathis, CC1
Barringer, ND; Dalton, R; Earnest, CP; Fluckey, JD; Galvan, E; Goodenough, C; Greenwood, M; Kreider, RB; Levers, K; Murano, PS; O'Connor, A; Rasmussen, C; Riechman, SE; Simbo, SY; Smith, SB; Walker, DK1
Grande, JP; Juncos, LA; LaMarca, BD; Lopez-Ruiz, A; Moulana, M; Patil, CN; Reckelhoff, JF; Soljancic, A; Wallace, K1
Deldicque, L; Francaux, M1
Coletta, AM; Collins, PB; Dalton, RL; Earnest, CP; Greenwood, M; Grubic, TJ; Jung, YP; Koozehchian, M; Kreider, RB; Murano, PS; Rasmussen, C; Reyes, AG; Sanchez, B; Sowinski, RJ1
Emanuele, E; Lucia, A; Morales, JS; Pareja-Galeano, H; Valenzuela, PL1
Candow, DG; Harty, PS; Jagim, AR; Kerksick, CM; Stecker, RA1
Desai, K; Martin, S1
Gao, F; Li, J; Xing, T; Xu, J; Zhang, L1
Beckmann, B; Blau, LS; Dimina, L; Finkel, A; Jantz, M; Lützow, M; Maassen, N; Mariotti, F; Röhrig, MA; Shushakov, V; Thorns, A; Tsikas, D1
Abreu, R; Brito, J; Costa, JA; Oliveira, CB; Teixeira, VH1

Reviews

5 review(s) available for creatine and nitrates

ArticleYear
Performance-Enhancing Substances.
    Adolescent medicine: state of the art reviews, 2015, Volume: 26, Issue:1

    Topics: Adolescent; Anabolic Agents; Athletes; Creatine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Human Growth Hormone; Humans; Male; Nitrates; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Sports; Young Adult

2015
Potential harmful effects of dietary supplements in sports medicine.
    Current opinion in clinical nutrition and metabolic care, 2016, Volume: 19, Issue:6

    Topics: Alkaloids; Amines; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Drug Contamination; Drug Interactions; Drug Overdose; Endocrine Disruptors; Estrogens; Glycine; Humans; Nitrates; Sports; Sports Medicine; Tetrahydroisoquinolines; Triazines; Weight Loss

2016
Supplements with purported effects on muscle mass and strength.
    European journal of nutrition, 2019, Volume: 58, Issue:8

    Topics: Caffeine; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscular Atrophy; Nitrates; Proteins

2019
Timing of ergogenic aids and micronutrients on muscle and exercise performance.
    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2019, Sep-02, Volume: 16, Issue:1

    Topics: Athletic Performance; beta-Alanine; Caffeine; Calcium, Dietary; Creatine; Exercise; Humans; Iron; Micronutrients; Nitrates; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Sodium Bicarbonate; Sports Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Time Factors

2019
Effects of dietary supplements on athletic performance in elite soccer players: a systematic review.
    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2023, Volume: 20, Issue:1

    Topics: Athletic Performance; Caffeine; Carbohydrates; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Electrolytes; Female; Humans; Nitrates; Soccer; Sodium Bicarbonate

2023

Trials

5 trial(s) available for creatine and nitrates

ArticleYear
No effect of acute beetroot juice ingestion on oxygen consumption, glucose kinetics, or skeletal muscle metabolism during submaximal exercise in males.
    Journal of applied physiology (Bethesda, Md. : 1985), 2016, Feb-15, Volume: 120, Issue:4

    Topics: Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase; Adult; Beta vulgaris; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Glucose; Glycogen; Humans; Insulin; Kinetics; Lactic Acid; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrates; Nitrites; Oxygen Consumption; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Phosphocreatine; Physical Endurance; Single-Blind Method

2016
Acute and chronic safety and efficacy of dose dependent creatine nitrate supplementation and exercise performance.
    Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 2016, Volume: 13

    Topics: Adult; Anaerobic Threshold; Athletic Performance; Blood Pressure; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrates; Physical Endurance; Physical Fitness; Weight Lifting

2016
Hematological and Hemodynamic Responses to Acute and Short-Term Creatine Nitrate Supplementation.
    Nutrients, 2017, Dec-15, Volume: 9, Issue:12

    Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Anthropometry; Athletic Performance; Bicycling; Body Composition; Creatine; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Muscle Strength; Muscle, Skeletal; Nitrates; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Physical Endurance; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult

2017
Dietary creatine nitrate enhances muscle creatine loading and delays postmortem glycolysis of broilers that experienced preslaughter transport.
    Journal of animal science, 2022, Oct-01, Volume: 100, Issue:10

    Topics: Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animal Feed; Animals; Chickens; Creatine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Glycogen; Glycolysis; Lactic Acid; Meat; Nitrates; Pectoralis Muscles; RNA, Messenger

2022
Short-Term Supplementation of Sodium Nitrate vs. Sodium Chloride Increases Homoarginine Synthesis in Young Men Independent of Exercise.
    International journal of molecular sciences, 2022, Sep-13, Volume: 23, Issue:18

    Topics: Arginine; Citrulline; Creatine; Creatinine; Dietary Supplements; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Homoarginine; Humans; Lysine; Male; Malondialdehyde; Methyltransferases; Nitrates; Nitrites; Ornithine; Phenylalanine; Sarcosine; Sodium Chloride; Tryptophan; Tyrosine

2022

Other Studies

29 other study(ies) available for creatine and nitrates

ArticleYear
Heterogeneity of rabbit muscle creatine kinase and limited proteolysis by proteinase K.
    The Biochemical journal, 1977, Dec-01, Volume: 167, Issue:3

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Kinetics; Magnesium; Molecular Weight; Muscles; Nitrates; Peptide Hydrolases; Rabbits

1977
Conformational flexibility and structure of creatine kinase.
    Journal of supramolecular structure, 1975, Volume: 3, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Cytosine Nucleotides; Guanine Nucleotides; Inosine Nucleotides; Iodoacetamide; Magnesium; Naphthalenesulfonates; Nitrates; Nucleotides; Protein Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; Uracil Nucleotides; Xanthines

1975
Cryobaroenzymic studies as a tool for investigating activated complexes: creatine kinase.ADP.Mg.nitrate.creatine as a model.
    Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 1985, Volume: 82, Issue:22

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Enzyme Activation; Freezing; Kinetics; Magnesium; Nitrates; Pressure; Rabbits; Solvents; Thermodynamics

1985
Structural changes induced by substrates and anions at the active site of creatine kinase. Electron paramagnetic resonance and nuclear magnetic relaxation rate studies of the manganous complexes.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1972, May-25, Volume: 247, Issue:10

    Topics: Acetamides; Acetates; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Deoxyribonucleotides; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Imidazoles; Imines; Iodoacetates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Manganese; Muscles; Nitrates; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Water

1972
Structural studies of transition state analog complexes of creatine kinase.
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1973, Dec-31, Volume: 222

    Topics: Acetates; Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Bicarbonates; Binding Sites; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Formates; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Manganese; Muscles; Nitrates; Nitrites; Piperazines; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Sulfonic Acids; Temperature; Thiocyanates

1973
Inhibition of creatine kinase by chromium nucleotides.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1973, Dec-25, Volume: 248, Issue:24

    Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Chromium; Computers; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Drug Synergism; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium; Mathematics; Nitrates; Phosphocreatine; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

1973
Properties and mechanism of action of creatine kinase from ox smooth muscle. Anion effects compared with pyruvate kinase.
    The Biochemical journal, 1973, Volume: 135, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Cattle; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Electrophoresis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodoacetates; Magnesium; Muscle, Smooth; Nitrates; Phosphoenolpyruvate; Potassium; Pyruvate Kinase; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry

1973
The interaction of 8-anilino-1-naphthalenesulfonate with creatine kinase. Evidence for cooperativitiy of nucleotide binding.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1974, Mar-10, Volume: 249, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Allosteric Regulation; Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Animals; Binding Sites; Cations, Divalent; Computers; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Fluorescence; Guanidines; Ligands; Macromolecular Substances; Magnesium; Mathematics; Models, Chemical; Muscles; Nitrates; Protein Binding; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

1974
The role of the lysyl residue at the active site of creatine kinase. Nuclear Overhauser effect studies.
    The Journal of biological chemistry, 1974, Apr-25, Volume: 249, Issue:8

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amino Acids; Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Dansyl Compounds; Enzyme Activation; Formates; Lysine; Macromolecular Substances; Magnesium; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mathematics; Models, Structural; Muscles; Nitrates; Protons; Rabbits; Structure-Activity Relationship

1974
Inhibition of adenosine 5'-triphosphate-creatine phosphotransferase by substrate-anion complexes. Evidence for the transition-state organization of the catalytic site.
    The Biochemical journal, 1971, Volume: 122, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Bicarbonates; Binding Sites; Bromides; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iodides; Iodoacetates; Macromolecular Substances; Magnesium; Nitrates; Nitrites; Phosphates; Time Factors

1971
The significance of anions in the protection by substrates of adenosine triphosphate-creatine phosphotransferase against inhibition by iodoacetamide.
    The Biochemical journal, 1970, Volume: 118, Issue:2

    Topics: Acetates; Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Chlorides; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Iodoacetates; Kinetics; Magnesium; Nitrates; Rabbits; Sulfhydryl Compounds

1970
Dependency of filtration and P-aminohippurate (PAH) secretion on Na reabsorption in the obstructed dog kidney.
    Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1967, Volume: 124, Issue:3

    Topics: Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Bicarbonates; Biological Transport; Creatine; Diuresis; Dogs; Female; Ferrocyanides; Kidney; Male; Nitrates; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Sulfates; Ureteral Obstruction

1967
Cryoenzymic studies on the transition-state analog complex creatine kinase . ADPMg . nitrate . creatine.
    European journal of biochemistry, 1980, Volume: 110, Issue:2

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Freezing; Kinetics; Magnesium; Mathematics; Nitrates; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

1980
Nitric oxide in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats.
    Clinical science (London, England : 1979), 1996, Volume: 90, Issue:5

    Topics: Alloxan; Animals; Arginine; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; Nitroarginine; Rats; Rats, Wistar

1996
Growth requirements and nitrogen metabolism of Malassezia furfur.
    Archives of dermatological research, 1998, Volume: 290, Issue:5

    Topics: Allantoin; Amino Acids; Ammonium Chloride; Ammonium Sulfate; Cell Division; Creatine; Creatinine; Culture Media; Malassezia; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Phosphates; Potassium Compounds; Sepsis; Species Specificity; Urea; Uric Acid

1998
Dietary L-arginine normalizes endothelin-induced vascular contractions in cholesterol-fed rabbits.
    Journal of cardiovascular pharmacology, 1998, Volume: 32, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, Dietary; Creatine; Drug Interactions; Endothelin-1; Hypercholesterolemia; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nitrates; Rabbits; Vascular Resistance; Vasoconstriction

1998
Reactivation kinetics of 5,5'-dithiobis-(2-nitrobenzoic acid)-modified creatine kinase reactivated by dithiothreitol.
    Biochimica et biophysica acta, 1998, Oct-14, Volume: 1388, Issue:1

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Binding Sites; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Dithiothreitol; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Reactivators; Kinetics; Nitrates; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Sulfhydryl Reagents

1998
Beneficial effects of sanguisorbae radix in renal dysfunction caused by endotoxin in vivo.
    Biological & pharmaceutical bulletin, 1999, Volume: 22, Issue:12

    Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Endotoxins; Male; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitrites; Protective Agents; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Insufficiency; Shock, Septic

1999
Role of nitric oxide in lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidant stress in the rat kidney.
    Biochemical pharmacology, 2000, Jan-15, Volume: 59, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Blotting, Western; Creatine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glutathione; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipopolysaccharides; Lysine; Male; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II; Nitrites; Oxidative Stress; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine

2000
Determination of the affinity of each component of a composite quaternary transition-state analogue complex of creatine kinase.
    Biochemistry, 2002, Jun-04, Volume: 41, Issue:22

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Fluorescence; Kinetics; Muscles; Nitrates; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Recombinant Proteins; Titrimetry

2002
The 2.1 A structure of Torpedo californica creatine kinase complexed with the ADP-Mg(2+)-NO(3)(-)-creatine transition-state analogue complex.
    Biochemistry, 2002, Nov-26, Volume: 41, Issue:47

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Crystallography, X-Ray; Dimerization; Models, Molecular; Nitrates; Protein Structure, Secondary; Torpedo

2002
Long-term dietary L-arginine supplementation attenuates proteinuria and focal glomerulosclerosis in experimental chronic renal transplant failure.
    Nitric oxide : biology and chemistry, 2003, Volume: 8, Issue:1

    Topics: Animals; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Nitrates; Nitrites; Proteinuria; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344

2003
Nitric oxide production modulates cyclosporin A-induced distal renal tubular acidosis in the rat.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 2003, Volume: 305, Issue:3

    Topics: Acidosis, Renal Tubular; Animals; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Creatine; Cyclosporine; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Protons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Renal Circulation

2003
Changes in MM-CK conformational mobility upon formation of the ADP-Mg(2+)-NO(3)(-)-creatine transition state analogue complex as detected by hydrogen/deuterium exchange.
    Biochemistry, 2003, Nov-25, Volume: 42, Issue:46

    Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Binding Sites; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Hydrogen; Isoenzymes; Magnesium; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Muscles; Nitrates; Pepsin A; Peptide Fragments; Protein Conformation; Rabbits; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization

2003
Time course study of oxidative and nitrosative stress and antioxidant enzymes in K2Cr2O7-induced nephrotoxicity.
    BMC nephrology, 2005, Apr-26, Volume: 6

    Topics: Acetylglucosaminidase; Animals; Catalase; Chromium; Creatine; Glutathione Peroxidase; Immunohistochemistry; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Nitrates; Nitrites; Nitrogen Compounds; Oxidative Stress; Oxidoreductases; Potassium Dichromate; Proteinuria; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Superoxide Dismutase

2005
Increased nitric oxide production during acute rejection in kidney transplantation: a useful marker to aid in the diagnosis of rejection.
    Transplantation, 2007, Sep-15, Volume: 84, Issue:5

    Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Creatine; Female; Graft Rejection; Graft Survival; Health; Humans; Kidney Transplantation; Male; Middle Aged; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Pituitary Hormones; Renal Insufficiency; Tacrolimus

2007
Effect of isoproterenol on myocardial perfusion, function, energy metabolism and nitric oxide pathway in the rat heart - a longitudinal MR study.
    NMR in biomedicine, 2014, Volume: 27, Issue:5

    Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Cardiac Output; Caspase 3; Coronary Circulation; Creatine; Creatine Kinase; Diastole; Energy Metabolism; Heart Rate; Isoproterenol; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Cine; Male; Malondialdehyde; Myocardium; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Perfusion; Rats, Wistar; Signal Transduction; Stroke Volume; Systole

2014
Low-dose testosterone protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by increasing renal IL-10-to-TNF-α ratio and attenuating T-cell infiltration.
    American journal of physiology. Renal physiology, 2016, 08-01, Volume: 311, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; Creatine; Cytokines; Enzyme Inhibitors; Interleukin-10; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Male; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reperfusion Injury; T-Lymphocytes; Testosterone; Th17 Cells; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha

2016
The effects of oral arginine on its metabolic pathways in Sprague-Dawley rats.
    The British journal of nutrition, 2020, 01-28, Volume: 123, Issue:2

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Arginase; Arginine; Cationic Amino Acid Transporter 1; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

2020