cotinine has been researched along with nicotine in 1617 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 235 (14.53) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 352 (21.77) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 443 (27.40) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 463 (28.63) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 124 (7.67) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Juvonen, RO; Korhonen, LE; Mähönen, NJ; Poso, A; Rahnasto, M; Raunio, H; Wittekindt, C | 1 |
| Abraham, MH; Acree, WE; Ibrahim, A | 1 |
| Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ | 1 |
| Chang, G; El-Kattan, A; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Rotter, C; Steyn, SJ; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV | 1 |
| Batista-Gonzalez, A; Brunhofer, G; Fallarero, A; Gopi Mohan, C; Karlsson, D; Shinde, P; Vuorela, P | 1 |
| Adam, BL; Gao, J; Terry, AV | 1 |
| Curtis, MA; Lin, SX; Sperry, J | 1 |
| Dames, NM; Fabro, S; McLachlan, JA; Sieber, SM | 1 |
| Greene, KM; Shen, WC; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Kostenbauder, HB; Lubawy, WC; McGovren, JP | 2 |
| Franke, J; Shen, WC; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Hill, P; Wynder, EL | 1 |
| Everitt, BJ; Fuxe, K; Hökfelt, T | 1 |
| Hughes, J; Roland, J; Wilcox, RG | 1 |
| Mansner, R; Mattila, MJ | 2 |
| Hengen, M; Hengen, N | 1 |
| Beelen, TC; Castagnoli, N; Craig, JC; Gruenke, LD; Petrakis, NL | 1 |
| Armitage, A; Dollery, C; Houseman, T; Kohner, E; Lewis, PJ; Turner, D | 1 |
| Matsushita, H; Noguchi, M; Tsujino, Y | 1 |
| Turner, DM | 2 |
| Poole, A; Urwin, C | 1 |
| Watson, ID | 1 |
| Agnati, L; Eneroth, P; Fuxe, K; Gustafsson, JA; Hökfelt, T; Löfström, A; Skett, B; Skett, P | 1 |
| Agnati, L; Eneroth, P; Fuxe, K; Gustafsson, JA; Hökfelt, T; Löfström, A; Skett, P | 1 |
| Frahm, B; Harke, HP | 1 |
| Gono, E; Klosterkötter, W | 1 |
| Armitage, AK; Briant, RH; Dollery, CT; Turner, DM | 1 |
| Armitage, AK; Dollery, CT; George, CF; Houseman, TH; Lewis, PJ; Turner, DM | 1 |
| Adir, J; Miller, RP; Rotenberg, KS | 1 |
| Fukayama, H; Murakami, S; Nasu, M; Sugawara, M | 1 |
| Pré, J | 1 |
| Balter, NJ; Robinson, DE; Schwartz, SL | 1 |
| Belcher, M; Feyerabend, C; Hajek, P; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA; Stapleton, JA; Sutherland, G | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Ottaviani, G; Pacifici, R; Pichini, S; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 2 |
| Kintz, P | 1 |
| Bevan, A; Chakroun, N; Courtois, Y; Festy, B; Laurent, AM; Pretet, S; Roussel, M; Valois, B | 1 |
| Halldin, C; Långström, B; Någren, K; Nybäck, H; Swahn, CG | 1 |
| Caspary, S; Keller-Stanislawski, B | 1 |
| Deutsch, J; Greig, NH; Hegedus, L; Rapoport, SI; Soncrant, TT | 1 |
| Choi, RL; Kochak, GM; Piraino, AJ; Sun, JX | 1 |
| Merkel, G | 1 |
| Greeley, J; Redding, CA; Richmond, RL; Swift, W; Velicer, WF | 1 |
| Nørregaard, J; Säwe, U; Simonsen, K; Tønnesen, P | 2 |
| Nørregaard, J; Petersen, L; Säwe, U; Simonsen, K; Tønnesen, P | 1 |
| Bruckert, E; de Gennes, JL; Jacob, N; Lamaire, L; Percheron, F; Truffert, J | 1 |
| Basbaum, AI; Benowitz, NL; Levine, JD; Miao, FJ | 1 |
| Benowitz, N; Ernster, VL; Grady, DG; Hauck, WW; Siegel, D | 1 |
| Bennett, RH; Cherek, DR | 1 |
| Kintz, P; Ludes, B; Mangin, P | 1 |
| Sitar, DS; Smyth, DD; Wong, LT | 1 |
| Airaksinen, MM; Kolonen, S; Puustinen, P; Tuomisto, J | 2 |
| Kostis, JB; Kumar, A; Lacy, CR; Moreyra, AE; Wilson, AC | 1 |
| Caskey, NH; Jarvik, ME; McCarthy, WJ | 1 |
| Anton, D; Callies, A; Hatsukami, D; Keenan, R | 1 |
| Davis, RA; deBethizy, JD; Reynolds, JH; Stiles, MF | 1 |
| Bättig, K; Höfer, I; Nil, R | 2 |
| Hatsukami, DK; Huber, M; Hughes, J; Skoog, K | 1 |
| Hariharan, M; VanNoord, T | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Wilson, M; Yu, L | 1 |
| Skarping, G; Svenonius, E; Willers, S | 1 |
| Fagerström, KO; Frecker, RC; Heatherton, TF; Kozlowski, LT | 1 |
| García Calzado, MC; García Rojas, JF; Mangas Rojas, A; Martínez Izquierdo, D; Millán, J; Repetto, M | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Russell, MA | 1 |
| Meese, CO; Rützel, A; Uedelhoven, WM; Weber, PC | 1 |
| Dubois, LM; Fung, YK; Johnson, GK; Johnson, WT; Todd, GL | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Helander, A | 1 |
| Kolonen, SA; Puhakainen, EV | 1 |
| Lajtha, A; Papasova, M; Shersen, H; Todorov, L; Vizi, ES; Windisch, K | 1 |
| Lando, HA; McGovern, PG | 1 |
| Doolittle, DJ; Howard, G; Rahn, CA; Riccio, E | 1 |
| Chan, KK; John, VA; Piraino, AJ; Ross, HD | 1 |
| Matsumoto, T; Matsushita, M; Shionoya, S | 1 |
| Caspary, S; Huber, T; Keller-Stanislawski, B; Merz, PG | 1 |
| Rustemeier, K; Schepers, G; Voncken, P | 1 |
| Ahlsten, G; Ewald, U; Tuvemo, T | 2 |
| Eatough, DJ; Hansen, LD; Lamb, JD; Lewis, EA; Lewis, LJ | 1 |
| García Calzado, MC; García Rojas, JF; Mangas, A; Millán, J | 1 |
| Terracini, B; Vineis, P | 1 |
| Greenwood, M; Moore, J; Sinclair, N | 1 |
| Meikle, AW; Patterson, TR; Stringham, JD | 1 |
| Idle, JR | 1 |
| Fanelli, RJ; Kimes, AS; London, ED; Moses, RL | 1 |
| Foth, H; Kahl, GF; Walther, UI | 1 |
| Adlkofer, F; Conze, C; Scherer, G; Sorsa, M; von Meyerinck, L | 1 |
| deBethizy, JD; Garteiz, DA; Kyerematen, GA; McManus, KT; Vesell, ES | 1 |
| Chattopadhyay, B; deBethizy, JD; Kyerematen, GA; Morgan, ML; Vesell, ES | 1 |
| Bartsch, H; Caporaso, N; Coda, M; Kadlubar, F; Malaveille, C; Skipper, P; Talaska, G; Tannenbaum, SR; Vineis, P | 1 |
| Ahtee, L; Heinämäki, J; Laakso, I; Leikola-Pelho, T | 1 |
| Bridges, RB; Combs, JG; Haley, NJ; Humble, JW; Rehm, SR; Turbek, JA | 1 |
| Hammond, SK; Kado, NY; Samuels, SJ; Schenker, MB; Smith, TJ; Woskie, SR | 1 |
| Burger, GT; Doolittle, DJ; Hayes, AW; Howard, G; Passananti, GT; Rahn, CA; Riccio, E; Vesell, ES | 1 |
| Calderone, A; Chahine, R; Navarro-Delmasure, C | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Enzell, CR; Vala, EK; Wahren, J | 1 |
| Obach, RS; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Kloska, DD; Majchrzak, MJ; Malakuti, R; Pomerleau, CS; Pomerleau, OF | 1 |
| Fenwick, JW; Gust, SW; Hughes, JR; Keenan, RM | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Dahlström, A; Lundell, B; Thapper, L | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Fischer, LB; Shiffman, S; Zettler-Segal, M | 1 |
| Bendayan, R; Frecker, RC; Sellers, EM; Shaw, C; Sullivan, JT | 1 |
| Agnati, LF; Andersson, K; Eneroth, P; Fuxe, K; Janson, AM; Jansson, A | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Shulgin, AT | 2 |
| Coultas, DB; McCarthy, JF; Samet, JM; Spengler, JD | 1 |
| Becker, BF; Gerlach, E; Schrödl, W; Terres, W | 1 |
| Garcha, HS; Goldberg, SR; Reavill, C; Risner, ME; Stolerman, IP | 1 |
| Bättig, K; Hasenfratz, M; Michel, C; Nil, R | 1 |
| Bjornsson, TD; Dryjski, M; Kuo, BS | 1 |
| Baldry, AG; Cumming, G; Guyatt, AR; Kirkham, AJ; Mariner, DC | 1 |
| Goldberg, SR; Katz, JL; Swedberg, MD; Takada, K | 1 |
| Agardh, CD; Nilsson-Ehle, P; Quensel, M | 1 |
| Barbieri, RL; Yeh, J | 1 |
| Barbieri, RL; Friedman, AJ; Osathanondh, R | 1 |
| Benedict, C; Cinciripini, PM; Gjika, HB; Kitchens, KE; Lapitsky, LG; Mace, R; Nezami, E; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Hallett, MB; Rhodes, J; Srivastava, ED | 1 |
| Paulson, J; Paulson, R; Price, T; Sachs, L; Shanfeld, J | 1 |
| Benedict, CE; Cinciripini, PM; Gjika, HB; Kitchens, K; Lapitsky, L; Mace, R; Nezami, E; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Jarvis, MJ | 2 |
| Garnick, JJ; McGuire, JR; McQuade, MJ; Rossmann, JA; Scheidt, MJ; Sutherland, DE; Van Dyke, TE | 1 |
| Cobo Moreno, I; García Calzado, MC | 2 |
| Ackermann, E | 1 |
| Cruickshank, JM; Dorrance, DE; Hayes, Y; Neil-Dwyer, G; Patel, S | 1 |
| Pelkonen, O; Vähäkangas, K | 1 |
| Kopczynski, SL | 1 |
| Dubois, JP; Parisot, C; Sandrenan, N; Sioufi, A | 1 |
| Dubois, JP; Imhof, PR; Mauli, D; Müller, P; Sioufi, A | 1 |
| Fung, YK; Lau, YS | 2 |
| Adlkofer, F; Jarczyk, L; Scherer, G | 1 |
| Ekenvall, L; Lindblad, LE | 1 |
| Burger, GT; Davis, R; deBethizy, JD; Doolittle, DJ; Howard, G; Lee, CK; McKarns, SC; Rahn, CA; Riccio, E; Robinson, J | 1 |
| Andersson, K; Eneroth, P; Fuxe, K; Härfstrand, A; Jansson, A | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Kazemi-Vala, E; Pershagen, G; Rylander, E | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Yu, L | 1 |
| Godin, J; Hellier, G | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hoffmann, D; Sepkovic, DW | 1 |
| Forehand, L; Haley, NJ; Helms, RW; Henderson, FW; Hu, PC; Lewtas, J; Morris, R; Mumford, J; Reid, HF; Wang, OL | 1 |
| Frecker, RC; Heatherton, TF; Kozlowski, LT; Rickert, W; Robinson, J | 1 |
| Chretien, J; Ekindjian, OG; Mahuzier, G; Migueres, ML; Roche, D; Roussel, G; Thuan, NT | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Camilli, AE; Karol, MD; Katz, MD; Matsunga, SK; Plezia, PM | 1 |
| Eckert, A; Weiss, T | 1 |
| Asencio, M; Carroll, ME; Keenan, RM; Lac, ST | 1 |
| Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Nordberg, A; Romanelli, L; Sundwall, A | 1 |
| Schäfer, KH; Schepers, G; Voncken, P | 1 |
| Barbieri, RL; Friedman, AJ; Yeh, J | 1 |
| Fuxe, K; Janson, AM; Kåhrström, J; Owman, C | 1 |
| Agnati, LF; Andersson, K; Eneroth, P; Fuxe, K; Mascagni, F | 2 |
| Agnati, LF; Andersson, K; Fuxe, K; Härfstrand, A | 1 |
| Agnati, LF; Andersson, K; Eneroth, P; Fuxe, K; Härfstrand, A | 1 |
| Carr, LA; Garner, AC; Rowell, PP | 1 |
| Bantle, JA; Dawson, DA; Fort, DJ; Newell, DL; Smith, GJ | 1 |
| Crooks, PA; Damani, LA; Godin, CS; Houdi, AA; Nwosu, CG | 1 |
| Boyd, G; Brown, C; Byar, D; Callahan, JF; Corle, D; Cullen, JW; Greenblatt, J; Haley, NJ; Hammond, K; Mattson, ME | 1 |
| Bryant, A; Jarvis, MJ; McNeill, AD; Stapleton, JA; West, RJ | 1 |
| Bartsch, H; Brun, G; Estéve, J; Gallet, P; Hautefeuille, A; Malaveille, C; Ohshima, H; Ronco, G; Terracini, B; Vineis, P | 1 |
| Adams, JD; Brunnemann, KD; Haley, NJ; Hoffmann, D; Palladino, G | 1 |
| Goldberg, SR; Katz, JL; Risner, ME | 1 |
| Fujihara, S; Kurogochi, Y; Nakashima, T; Nakayama, H | 1 |
| Barlow, RD; Ellard, GA; Pookim, YL; Stone, RB; Tucker, DF; Wang, DY | 1 |
| Dünger, M; Krenz, O; Neurath, GB; Orth, D; Pein, FG | 1 |
| Becker, BF; Gerlach, E; Kratzer, M; Terres, W | 1 |
| Adlkofer, F; Biber, A; Heller, WD; Jarczyk, L; Neurath, GB; Scherer, G | 1 |
| Liu, XH; Meikle, AW; Stringham, JD; Taylor, GN | 1 |
| Barlow, RD; Parviainen, MT | 1 |
| Schepers, G; Walk, RA | 1 |
| Crooks, PA; Nwosu, CG | 1 |
| Higashi, E; Itani, S; Muranaka, H; Shimizu, Y | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Enzell, CR; Norlén, E; Romert, L | 1 |
| FitzGerald, GA; Murray, JJ; Nowak, J; Oates, JA | 1 |
| Gjika, HB; Langone, JJ; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| O'Neill, IK; Wallace, LA | 1 |
| Greden, JF; Hariharan, M; VanNoord, T | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hellberg, D; Hoffman, D; Nilsson, S; Wynder, E | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA | 1 |
| Becker, KL; Cassidy, MM; Giron, AE; Nylen, ES; Snider, RH; Tabassian, AR | 1 |
| Stitzer, ML; Zacny, JP | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Cone, EJ; Copeland, JR; Jacob, P; Risner, ME | 1 |
| Barlow, RD; Puhakainen, EV; Salonen, JT | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Lau, D; Shulgin, AT | 1 |
| Bondesson, U; Gabrielsson, J | 1 |
| Flander, LB; Friend, NF; Holly, EA; Lee, RE; Petrakis, NL; Sarles, DL | 1 |
| Bridges, RB; Humble, JW; Rehm, SR; Turbek, JA | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Enzell, CR | 1 |
| Barbieri, RL; Cherry, ML; Ryan, KJ; York, CM | 1 |
| DeMarco, GJ; Howard, PC; McCoy, GD | 1 |
| Prignot, J | 1 |
| Dünger, M; Neurath, GB; Orth, D; Pein, FG | 1 |
| Diding, N | 1 |
| Luck, W; Nau, H | 4 |
| Neurath, GB; Pein, FG | 1 |
| Andrews, AW; Brinton, LA; Felton, JS; Haley, NJ; Hoffmann, D; Kaslow, RA; Kurman, RJ; Lancaster, WD; Lannom, LB; Schiffman, MH | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Keller, KH; Lake, T; Lee, BL | 1 |
| Barlow, RD; Puhakainen, EV; Stone, RB; Wald, NJ | 1 |
| Edwards, JG | 1 |
| Grgurinovich, N; Ryan, P; Woodward, A | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Saloojee, Y; Tunstall-Pedoe, H; Vesey, C | 1 |
| Brunnemann, KD; Hornby, AP; Stich, HF | 1 |
| Barlow, RD; Stone, RB; Thompson, PA | 1 |
| Davis, RA | 1 |
| Barbieri, RL; Gochberg, J; Ryan, KJ | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA; Saloojee, Y | 1 |
| Axelrad, CM; Haley, NJ; LaVoie, EJ; Sepkovic, DW; Shigematsu, A | 1 |
| Ghosh, SK; Gokani, VN; Saiyed, HN; Thakker, MU | 1 |
| Bjercke, RJ; Cook, G; Gjika, HB; Langone, JJ; Rychlik, N; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Hall, S; Jacob, P; Jones, RT; Talcott, R; Yu, L | 1 |
| Bridges, RB; Codd, EE | 1 |
| Daughton, D; Fix, AJ; Issenberg, P | 1 |
| Adams, JD; Axelrad, CM; Colosimo, SG; Haley, NJ; Sepkovic, DW | 1 |
| Fudala, PJ; Iwamoto, ET | 1 |
| Biber, A; Fischer-Brandies, A; Johnson, LC; Letzel, H; Uberla, K | 1 |
| Adlkofer, F; Biber, A; Haddow, JE; Heller, WD; Hoepfner, I; Knight, GJ; Scherer, G | 1 |
| Ball, RT; Schwartz, SL; Witorsch, P | 1 |
| Russell, MA | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Savanapridi, C | 1 |
| Read, GA; Thornton, RE | 1 |
| Hoffmann, D; LaVoie, EJ; Mu, B; Rivenson, A; Shigematsu, A | 1 |
| Bridges, RB; Rehm, SR; Wyatt, RJ | 1 |
| Haddow, JE; Holman, MS; Knight, GJ; Wylie, P | 1 |
| Dandona, P; Jeremy, JY; Mikhailidis, DP | 1 |
| Hall, SM; Killen, JD | 1 |
| Hofstetter, A; Jéquier, E; Schutz, Y; Wahren, J | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hellberg, D; Hoffmann, D; Nilsson, S; Sasson, IM; Wynder, EL | 1 |
| Hecht, SS; Hoffmann, D; Lavoie, EJ | 1 |
| Bartsch, H; Bhide, SV; Croisy, A; Friesen, M; Nair, J; Ohshima, H | 1 |
| Dominiak, P; Fuchs, G; Grobecker, H; von Toth, S | 1 |
| Conover, WB; Key, TC; Resnik, R; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Benowitz, N; Hall, SM; Jones, RT; Rugg, D; Tunstall, C | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Sepkovic, DW | 1 |
| Daenens, P; Galeazzi, RL; Gugger, M | 1 |
| Kellar, KJ; Schwartz, RD | 1 |
| Cone, EJ; Goldberg, SR; Prada, JA; Risner, ME | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hoffmann, D; Sepkovic, DW; Wynder, EL | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hoffmann, D | 1 |
| Johnson, LC; Kleinschmidt, J; Letzel, H | 1 |
| Gori, GB; Lynch, CJ | 2 |
| Girard, F; Godin, J; Hellier, G | 1 |
| Hansen, R; Luck, W; Nau, H; Steldinger, R | 1 |
| Andersson, K | 1 |
| Bass, RL; Johnson, DE; Rogers, WR; Wilbur, RL | 1 |
| Horstmann, M | 1 |
| Hatsukami, DK; Hughes, JR; Pickens, RW | 1 |
| Castagnoli, N; Dagne, E | 1 |
| Gala, D; Hoss, W; Kreilick, RW; Matchett, S | 1 |
| Rickert, WS; Robinson, JC; Young, JC | 1 |
| Bailey, A; Boreham, J; Idle, M; Wald, NJ | 1 |
| Grgurinovich, N; Miles, H; Woodward, A | 1 |
| Maruo, T; Masuko, K; Mochizuki, M; Ohtsu, T | 1 |
| Fertig, JB; Jaffe, J; Pomerleau, OF; Seyler, LE | 1 |
| Richter, F; Schievelbein, H | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL | 4 |
| Axelrad, CM; Haley, NJ; Parker, K; Sepkovic, DW; Wynder, EL | 1 |
| Hopkins, R; Sinclair, NM; Wood, LE | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, M; Salloojee, Y; Tunstall-Pedoe, H; Vesey, C | 1 |
| Axelrad, CM; Haley, NJ; LaVoie, EJ; Sepkovic, DW | 1 |
| Jarvis, M; Tunstall-Pedoe, H; Vesey, C; West, R | 1 |
| Adams, JD; Brunnemann, KD; Haley, NJ; Hoffmann, D | 1 |
| Adlkofer, F; Heller, WD; Scherer, G | 1 |
| Fey, G; Kozlowski, LT; Rickert, WS; Robinson, JC; Young, JC | 1 |
| Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA | 1 |
| Fratermann, A; Hilgenfeldt, J; Kijanski, HD | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Jones, RT; Kuyt, F; Osman, AL | 1 |
| Fertig, JB; Pomerleau, OF; Shanahan, SO | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA | 1 |
| Lekić, M; Nikolin, B; Rashid Mahmud, MA; Vísnjevac, O | 1 |
| Etzel, RA; Greenberg, RA; Haley, NJ; Loda, FA | 1 |
| Auerbach, O; Brazell, RS; Henderson, GM; Jenkins, RA; Romig, PL; Stiff, AC | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Hall, SM; Herning, RI; Jacob, P; Jones, RT | 1 |
| Brouillard, C; Sainte-Laudy, J; Sterboul, J; Strehler, C; Strub, H; Sudan, BJ | 1 |
| Cushin, BJ; Strauch, B; Yaffe, B | 1 |
| Augustin, J; Comberg, HU; Harenberg, J; Hengen, N; Mörl, H; Spohr, U; Walter, E; Weber, E | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Wilson, M | 1 |
| Devitt, G; Feyerabend, C; Jarvis, MJ; Russell, MA | 1 |
| Stepney, R | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Iyer, R; Russell, MA; Sutton, SR; Vesey, CJ | 1 |
| Fagerström, KO | 1 |
| Capomacchia, AC; Hardee, GE; Stewart, T | 1 |
| Adir, J; Rotenberg, KS | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hill, P; Wynder, EL | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Hall, SM; Herning, RI; Jacob, P; Jones, RT; Osman, AL | 1 |
| Axelrad, CM; Haley, NJ; Sepkovic, DW; Wynder, EL | 1 |
| Gorrod, JW; Hibberd, AR | 1 |
| Pilotti, A | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Jones, RT; Rosenberg, J | 1 |
| Langone, JJ; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Shen, WC | 1 |
| Ho, MS; Petersen, DR; Thompson, JA | 1 |
| Damiano, MD; Dvorchik, BH; Kyerematen, GA; Vesell, ES | 1 |
| Curvall, M; Enzell, CR; Kazemi-Vala, E | 1 |
| Kainzbauer, J; Richter, O; Stehlik, G; Tausch, H | 1 |
| Slanina, P; Stålhandske, T | 1 |
| Baer-Weiss, V; Benowitz, NL; Gritz, ER; Jarvik, ME; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Jaffee, JH; Kogan, MJ; Mulé, SJ; Verebey, K | 1 |
| Frasinel, C; Galarraga, J; Nightingale, TE; Swidersky, P | 1 |
| Adir, J; Miller, RP; Wildfeuer, W | 1 |
| Hill, P; Marquardt, H | 1 |
| Lippold, OC; Williams, EJ; Wilson, CG | 1 |
| Andersson, K; Bjelke, B; Bolme, P; Chen, Y; Eneroth, P; Gross, J; Herrera-Marschitz, M; Loidl, F; Ogren, SO | 1 |
| Caldwell, WS; de Bethizy, JD; Doolittle, DJ; Hayes, AW; Lee, CK; Winegar, R | 1 |
| Callais, F; Chastagnier, M; Claude, JR; Festy, B; Hee, J; Laurent, AM; Min, S; Molinier, P; Momas, I | 1 |
| Sastry, BV | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Pacifici, R; Passa, AR; Pichini, S; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Emerson, JA; Hofstetter, CR; Hovell, MF; Leaderer, BP; Meltzer, EO; Meltzer, SB; Wahlgren, DR; Zakarian, JM | 1 |
| Andersson, G; Axéll, T; Curvall, M | 1 |
| Baker, TB; Croghan, IT; Fiore, MC; Hays, JT; Hurt, RD; Jorenby, DE; Lewis, SF; Offord, KP; Smith, SS | 1 |
| Croghan, IT; Dale, LC; Hurt, RD; Lawson, GM; Offord, KP; Schroeder, DR | 1 |
| Gwent, SH; Tsanaclis, LM; Wicks, JF; Wilson, JF | 1 |
| Fagerström, KO; Franco, R; Herrera, L; Herrera, N; Partidas, A; Rolando, R | 1 |
| Berkman, CE; Cashman, JR; Park, SB; Wrighton, SA | 1 |
| Eller, M; Gorsline, J; Gupta, SK; Okerholm, RA; Rolf, CN; Wei, G | 1 |
| Gnirs, J; Graf von Ballestrem, CL; Pult, HM; Rühle, W | 1 |
| Domino, EF | 2 |
| Chance, MB; Horn, JL; Janson, VE; Sastry, BV; Singh, G | 1 |
| Gerstenberg, B; Schepers, G; Völkel, H; Voncken, P | 1 |
| Gilbert, DG; Jensen, RA; Martinko, JM; Meliska, CJ; Stunkard, ME | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Dondero, F; Gandini, L; Lenzi, A; Pacifici, R; Passa, AR; Pichini, S; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Sachs, DP | 1 |
| Burling, TA; Gaither, DE; Seidner, AL | 1 |
| Lumley, MA; Pomerleau, CS; Pomerleau, OF; Tate, JC | 1 |
| Balabanova, S; Krupienski, M | 1 |
| Botten, G; Hagen, JA; Kongerud, J; Nafstad, P; Nilsen, OG; Silsand, T; Zahlsen, K | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Faix, D; Hellerstein, MK; Hoh, R; LaBua, A; Neese, RA; Pun, K | 1 |
| Duke, DW; Gilbert, DG; Pritchard, WS | 1 |
| Kirschbaum, C; Scherer, G; Strasburger, CJ | 1 |
| Fagerström, KO; Lunell, E; Schneider, NG | 1 |
| Baldinger, B; Bättig, K; Hasenfratz, M | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Mani, V; Newcombe, RG; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Thomas, GA; Williams, GT | 1 |
| Bartsch, H; Caporaso, N; Harrington, AM; Kadlubar, FF; Landi, MT; Malaveille, C; Shields, PG; Skipper, P; Talaska, G; Vineis, P | 1 |
| Bowman, ER; Dar, MS; Li, C | 2 |
| Klein, J; Koren, G; Lewis, D; Papageorgiou, A; Potter, S; Stack, DM; Stott, W; Valiante, G; Zelazo, PR | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P | 5 |
| Domino, EF; Matsuoka, S | 1 |
| Domino, EF; Kadoya, C; Matsuoka, S | 1 |
| Barrios, V; Buchholz, JN; Duckles, SP; Glenn, TC; Li, Z | 1 |
| Neurath, GB | 1 |
| Fischer, A; König, W | 1 |
| James, SK; Phillipou, G; Phillips, PJ; Seaborn, CJ | 1 |
| Gujrati, VR; Sastry, BV | 1 |
| Andersson, G; Björnberg, G; Curvall, M | 1 |
| Hendrickx, AG; Last, JA; Pinkerton, KE; Rajini, P; Witschi, H | 1 |
| Imamura, T; Kimura, K; Kudo, K; Nagata, T; Urakawa, N | 1 |
| Chretien, J; Ekindjian, OG; Lequang, NT; Migueres, ML; Roche, D; Roussel, G | 1 |
| Drucker, E; Markowitz, M; Neuspiel, DR | 1 |
| Lajtha, A; Toth, E; Vizi, ES | 1 |
| Leischow, SJ; Sachs, DP; Säwe, U | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Ganesh, S; Mani, V; Morris, JS; Newcombe, RG; Pullan, RD; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Thomas, GA; Williams, GT | 1 |
| Knapp, DK; Montes, M; Ostrea, AR; Ostrea, EM; Romero, A | 1 |
| Glantz, SA; Parmley, WW; Sievers, RE; Sun, YP; Wolfe, CL; Zhu, BQ | 1 |
| Richardson, SA; Tizabi, Y | 1 |
| Feldman, D; Skowronski, RJ | 1 |
| Eliopoulos, C; Forman, R; Klein, J; Koren, G | 1 |
| Buist, AS; Greene, P; Istvan, JA; Nides, MA; Voelker, H | 1 |
| Pomerleau, CS; Pomerleau, OF; Tate, JC | 1 |
| Brigham, J; Felch, LJ; Gross, J; Stitzer, ML | 1 |
| Alanko, J; Mucha, I; Riutta, A; Saareks, V; Vapaatalo, H | 1 |
| Gidlund, E; Milerad, J; Rajs, J | 1 |
| Bonn, R; Caspary, S; Keller-Stanislawski, B; Merz, PG; Rietbrock, N; Wolff, M | 1 |
| Lowrey, AH; Repace, JL | 1 |
| Radek, RJ | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Dondero, F; Gandini, L; Lenzi, A; Pacifici, R; Pichini, S; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Benowitz, N; Levin, ED; Rose, JE | 1 |
| Birbaumer, N; Eggstein, M; Lingenfelser, T; Overkamp, D; Pickert, A; Pickert, C | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Pacifici, R; Passa, AR; Pichini, S; Ricciarello, G; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Repace, JL | 1 |
| Lagendijk, J; Ubbink, JB; Vermaak, WH | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Fong, I; Gupta, S; Jacob, P | 1 |
| Baker, TB; Fiore, MC; Jorenby, DE; Kenford, SL; Smith, SS; Wetter, D | 1 |
| Caldwell, CC; Dale, LC; Fredrickson, PA; Hurt, RD; Lauger, GG; Lee, GA; Lundberg, TG; Marŭsić, Z; Neese, LW; Offord, KP | 1 |
| Chitayat, D; Eliopoulos, C; Greenwald, M; Klein, J; Knie, B; Koren, G; Phan, MK | 1 |
| Bardy, AH; Gref, CG; Koskela, P; Lillsunde, P; Seppälä, T | 1 |
| Baker, TB; Fiore, MC; Jorenby, DE; Kenford, SL; Smith, SS; Wetter, DW | 1 |
| Brown, BG; Coggins, CR; Doolittle, DJ; Hayes, AW; Lee, CK; Reed, EA | 1 |
| Haley, NJ; Hammond, SK; Marbury, MC | 1 |
| Tunstall-Pedoe, H; Woodward, M | 1 |
| Adlkofer, F; Conze, C; Klus, H; Pachinger, A; Scherer, G; Tricker, AR | 1 |
| Baskin, LB; Dale, LC; Hauri, PJ; Hurt, RD; Jiang, NS; Lauger, GG; Lawson, GM; Offord, KP | 1 |
| Arnold, J; Davis, JW; Wiegmann, T | 1 |
| Gilbert, DD | 1 |
| Gorsline, J; Prather, RD; Rolf, CN; Tu, TG | 1 |
| Ahijevych, K; Wewers, ME | 1 |
| Fung, YK; Johnson, GK; Johnson, WT; Todd, GL | 1 |
| Chitayat, D; Klein, J; Koren, G | 1 |
| Larsson, KS | 1 |
| Kieffer, I; Kintz, P; Mangin, P; Messer, J | 1 |
| Bendayan, R; Frecker, RC; Kennedy, G; Sellers, EM | 1 |
| Dye, D; Gorsline, J; Gupta, SK; Rolf, CN | 1 |
| Coen, P; Gorsline, J; Gupta, SK; Okerholm, RA; Prather, RD | 1 |
| Arneric, SP; Brioni, JD | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jones, TA; Morley, BJ; Roll, RL | 1 |
| Demetriou, D; Rustemeier, K; Schepers, G; Voncken, P | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Bacosi, A; Caronna, A; Pacifici, R; Pichini, S; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Grimaldi, F; Oddoze, C; Rop, PP; Viala, A | 1 |
| Andersson, K; Eneroth, P; Jansson, A; Kuylenstierna, F | 1 |
| Nørregaard, J; Petersen, L; Tønnesen, P | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Russell, MA; Stapleton, JA; Sutherland, G | 1 |
| Gijka, HB; Langone, JJ; Van Vunakis, H | 1 |
| Netscher, DT; Rappaport, N; Thornby, J; Wigoda, P; Yip, B | 1 |
| Hee, SS; Yim, SH | 2 |
| Hoegen, R; Hovius, SE; Kort, WJ; van Adrichem, LN; van der Meulen, JC; van Strik, R; Vuzevski, VD | 1 |
| Geng, Y; Johnson, LJ; Savage, SM; Seagrave, J; Sopori, ML | 1 |
| Causey, D; Gorsline, J; Gupta, SK; Hwang, SS; Rolf, CN | 1 |
| de L'Homme, G; Derenne, JP; Jacob, N; Mallet, A | 1 |
| Bartsch, H; Malaveille, C; Martone, T; Sithisarankul, P; Strickland, P; Talaska, G; Vineis, P | 1 |
| Brigham, M; Correa, A; Feng, J; Wang, SL; Wu-Wang, CY | 1 |
| Bombick, BR; Doolittle, DJ; Fulp, C; Lee, CK | 1 |
| Barregård, L; Sällsten, G; Schütz, A; Skarping, G; Thorén, J | 1 |
| Bono, R; Clonfero, E; Granella, M; Nardini, B; Priante, E | 1 |
| Nardini, S | 1 |
| Gibeau, LM; Hansen, RJ; Hatsukami, DK; Lando, HA; Lupo, VR; Oncken, CA | 1 |
| Callais, F; Festy, B; Kuenemann-Migeot, C; Momas, I | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Sachs, DP | 1 |
| Carrozzi, L; Corlando, A; Fornai, E; Giuntini, C; Gustavsson, G; Maggiorelli, F; Paoletti, P; Puntoni, R; Säwe, U; Viegi, G | 1 |
| Andersson, K; Benthin, G; Chen, J; Karlberg, KE; Nowak, J; Sylvén, C | 1 |
| Pritchard, WS; Robinson, JH | 1 |
| Croghan, IT; Fredrickson, PA; Gomez-Dahl, L; Hurt, RD; Lauger, G; Lee, GM; Offord, KP; Wingender, L | 1 |
| Ahtee, L; Laakso, I; Pietila, K | 1 |
| Eliasson, B; Smith, U; Taskinen, MR | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Perez-Stable, E | 1 |
| Ahijevych, K; Demirci, M; Gillespie, J; Jagadeesh, J | 1 |
| Avalos, JT; Bombick, BR; Davis, RA; Doolittle, DJ; Livingston, SD; McKarns, SC; Morgan, WT; Smith, CJ | 1 |
| Fiene, JA; Havel, JA; Hulse, JD; Peng, LL; Petersen, ME; Xu, AS | 1 |
| Chitayat, D; Eliopoulos, C; Greenwald, M; Klein, J; Koren, G | 1 |
| Mercelina-Roumans, PE; Schouten, H; Ubachs, JM; van Wersch, JW | 1 |
| Feyerabend, C; Mani, V; Newcombe, RG; Ragunath, K; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Thomas, GA; Williams, GT | 1 |
| Gfell, LE; Gregory, RL | 1 |
| Eliopoulos, C; Klein, J; Koren, G | 1 |
| Friedland, RP; Marcinowski, KJ; Salomon, AR; Zagorski, MG | 1 |
| Colligan, RC; Croghan, IT; Gauvin, TR; Gomez-Dahl, LC; House, RF; Hurt, RD; Offord, KP; Smith, TA | 1 |
| Freeman, DA; Gocze, PM; Porpaczy, Z | 1 |
| Clark, PI; Gautam, S; Gerson, LW | 1 |
| Butschky, MF; Fant, RV; Henningfield, JE; Pickworth, WB | 1 |
| Funae, Y; Inoue, K; Kamataki, T; Kuroiwa, Y; Nagashima, K; Nakajima, M; Nunoya, K; Shimada, N; Yamamoto, T; Yokoi, T | 1 |
| Burkhart, K; Caraccio, T; Litovitz, T; Woolf, A | 1 |
| De La Baume, HR; Kadakia, SC; Shaffer, RT | 1 |
| Bauer, J; Carty, CS; Dryjski, M; Kayastha, S; Marsan, B; Ricotta, JJ; Soloway, PD | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Pacifici, R; Pellegrini, M; Pichini, S; Rosa, M; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Crooks, PA; Dwoskin, LP; Li, M | 1 |
| Bunce, R; Cope, G; Gibbons, J; Holder, R; Nayyar, P | 1 |
| Akerkar, SA; Borukhova, A; Carmella, SG; Hecht, SS | 1 |
| Kittaka, M; Schreiber, SS; Sun, N; Wang, L; Zlokovic, BV | 1 |
| Fauler, J; Frölich, JC | 1 |
| Altieri, I; Pacifici, R; Pellegrini, M; Pichini, S; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Forbes, A; Gourlay, SG; McNeil, JJ | 1 |
| Batts, KP; Croghan, IT; Dale, LC; Hurt, RD; Lawson, GM; Offord, KP; Petersen, BT; Sandborn, WJ; Schroeder, DR; Tremaine, WJ | 1 |
| Allen, A; Feyerabend, C; Pullan, RD; Rankin, BJ; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Thomas, GA; Zijlstra, FJ | 1 |
| Garban, H; Gonzalez-Cadavid, NF; Ng, C; Rajfer, J; Xie, Y | 1 |
| Andersson, G; Curvall, M; Vala, EK | 1 |
| Evans, BK; Feyerabend, C; Fuller, GS; Green, JT; Newcombe, RG; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Sandborn, WJ; Thomas, GA | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Zevin, S | 2 |
| Balabanova, S; Bühler, G; Chen, Z; Mayerhöfer, C; Rosenthal, J; Rösing, F; Scherer, G; Wei, B; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Bearer, C; Emerson, RK; O'Riordan, MA; Roitman, E; Shackleton, C | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Gorsline, J; Gupta, SK; Jacob, P; Rolf, CN | 1 |
| Andersson, K; Bjelke, B; Blum, M; Chen, Y; Gross, J; Herrera-Marschitz, M | 1 |
| Carty, CS; Dryjski, M; Huribal, M; Marsan, BU; Ricotta, JJ | 1 |
| Bättig, K; Hasenfratz, M; Kos, J | 1 |
| Culasso, F; Dondero, F; Gandini, L; Lenzi, A; Lombardo, F; Pacifici, R; Zuccaro, P | 1 |
| Ananth, C; Hartmann, K; Kuller, JA; Shrewsbury, RP; Thorp, JM; Wright, LN | 1 |
| Mayhan, WG; Patel, KP | 1 |
| Benowitz, N; Jacob, P; Zevin, S | 1 |
| Aranyi, C; Brennecke, LH; Dozier, MM; Gaworski, CL; Gerhart, JM; Heck, JD; Rajendran, N | 1 |
| Batts, KP; Compton, RF; Green, J; Hurt, RD; Lawson, GM; Leighton, JA; Lipsky, JJ; Mays, DC; Offord, KP; Sandborn, WJ; Tremaine, WJ; Zins, BJ | 1 |
| Brahimi, N; Callais, F; Labrousse, F; Lequang, NT; Momas, I; Roche, D; Roussel, G | 1 |
| Cecco, SA; Elin, RJ; Niemela, JE; Rehak, NN | 1 |
| Brauer, M; Dimich-Ward, H; Gee, H; Leung, V | 1 |
| Crooks, PA; Dwoskin, LP | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Gourlay, SG | 1 |
| Califano, JV; Gunsolley, JC; Nakashima, K; Quinn, SM; Schenkein, HA; Tangada, SD; Tew, JG; Zhang, JB | 1 |
| Hagan, RL; Jacob, PM; Ramos, JM | 1 |
| Baliva, F; Fornai, E; Giuntini, C; Mimotti, P; Petruzzelli, S; Pulerà, N; Puntoni, R | 1 |
| Linthicum, DS; Yong, T; Zheng, MQ | 1 |
| Khazaal, G; Maalouf, MT; Macaron, CI; Macaron, Z | 1 |
| Chen, WJ; Parnell, SE; West, JR | 1 |
| Croghan, GA; Croghan, IT; Dale, LC; Gomez-Dahl, LC; Hurt, RD; Offord, KP | 1 |
| Haydel, KF; Killen, JD; Robinson, TN; Rojas, NL | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Callaway, E; Halliday, R; Herzig, KE; Naylor, H | 1 |
| Allen, SS; Goldman, A; Hatsukami, D; Jensen, J; Nelson, D; Pentel, PR; Rafael, D | 1 |
| Eliopoulos, C; Greenwald, M; Klein, J; Knight, JM; Koren, G | 1 |
| Reed, TE; Zenzes, MT | 1 |
| Bayard, S; Emmons, K; Hammond, SK; Jinot, J; Repace, JL | 1 |
| Bernert, JT; Decker, J; Mueller, C; Pirkle, J; Trout, D | 1 |
| Isoyama, E; Miyagawa, I; Sofikitis, N; Yamamoto, Y | 1 |
| Foth, H; Kahl, GF; Richter, E; Schrader, E; Schulze, J | 1 |
| Cope, GF | 1 |
| Fagerström, KO; Lunell, E; Tejding, R; Westin, A | 1 |
| Briggs, LA; Howard, DJ; Pritsos, CA | 1 |
| Courrière, P; Dousset, JC; Labat, C; Riah, O; Todeschi, N | 1 |
| Alván, G; Bentley, MC; Howard, DA; Phillips, K | 2 |
| Croghan, IT; Hurt, RD; Lewis, DA; Miller, VM; Offord, KP; Rud, KS | 1 |
| Baranowska, I; Baranowski, J; Pochopień, G | 1 |
| Domino, EF; Kishimoto, T | 1 |
| Jalili, T; Murthy, GG; Schiestl, RH | 1 |
| Croghan, IT; Dale, LC; Hurt, RD; Jiang, NS; Lawson, GM; Offord, KP; Schroeder, DR | 2 |
| James, H; Taylor, R; Tizabi, Y | 1 |
| Oddoze, C; Pastor, J; Pauli, AM | 1 |
| Hackshaw, AK | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Herrera, B; Jacob, P; Pérez-Stable, EJ | 2 |
| Jones, RL; Man, SF; Nguyen, A | 1 |
| Alvares, AP; Benowitz, NL; Grunberg, NE; Winders, SE | 1 |
| Kanfer, JN; Singh, IN; Sitar, DS; Sorrentino, G | 1 |
| Imoto, M; Ohno, T; Saito, K; Tani, Y | 1 |
| Chance, MB; Goddijn-Wessel, TA; Hemontolor, ME; Sastry, BV | 1 |
| Ho, JW; Leung, YK | 1 |
| Goldman, A; Hatsukami, D; Lexau, B; Nelson, D; Pentel, PR; Sofuoglu, M | 1 |
| Mucha, I; Riutta, A; Saareks, V; Sievi, E; Vapaatalo, H | 1 |
| Evans, BK; Feyerabend, C; Green, JT; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Sandborn, WJ; Thomas, GA | 1 |
| Brouwer, AJ; Feyerabend, C; Hop, WC; Meijssen, MA; van Bergeijk, JD; van Dijk, AP; Wilson, JH; Zijlstra, FJ | 1 |
| Dousset, JC; Dousset, N; Gouazé, V; Valdiguié, P | 1 |
| Faia, B; Fujitaki, R; Hamada, M; Hyun, W; Lebus, S; Mahboub, M; Muhaimin, D; Ryder, MI | 1 |
| Tuominen, RK; Vainio, PJ; Viluksela, M | 2 |
| Escher, SA; Grabiner, MD; Lundin, TM; Tucker, AM | 1 |
| Byrd, GD; Caldwell, WS; Davis, RA; deBethizy, JD; Robinson, JH | 1 |
| Chatterjee, K; Chou, TM; Deedwania, PC; Glantz, SA; Hutchison, SJ; Parmley, WW; Sudhir, K; Sun, YP; Zhu, BQ | 1 |
| Hemontolor, ME; Sastry, BV | 1 |
| Briggs, CA; McKenna, DG | 1 |
| Hemontolor, ME; Olenick, M; Rama Sastry, BV | 1 |
| Anderson, R; Croghan, IT; Dale, LC; Hurt, RD; Ji, AJ; Lawson, GM | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Chen, M; Dor Koch, JF; Hatsukami, DK; Hecht, SS; Jensen, JA; Miller, AT; Murphy, SE; Zimmerman, CL | 1 |
| Abu Hijleh, N; Abu Jbara, M; Al-Kayed, A; Gharaibeh, M; Salhab, A; Shubair, K; Shubair, M; Suliman, N; Zmeili, S | 1 |
| Buxton, ST; Crooks, PA; Dwoskin, LP; Teng, L | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Chen, M; Hecht, SS; Lackmann, GM; Salzberger, U; Töllner, U | 1 |
| Angulo, P; Bharucha, AE; DeSotel, CK; Jorgensen, RA; Larusso, NF; Lindor, KD; Sandborn, WJ | 1 |
| Aizawa, Y; Furukawa, T; Koike, T; Narita, M; Shigeno, N; Takahashi, H; Takahashi, M | 1 |
| Alterman, AI; Barber, W; Bedi, N; Cnaan, A; Gariti, P; Luck, G | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Shulgin, AT; Yu, L | 1 |
| Köhler, E; Schuster, R; Sollich, V; Thal, W | 1 |
| Klein, J; Koren, G | 1 |
| Meger, M; Meger-Kossien, I; Renner, T; Riedel, K; Scherer, G | 1 |
| Shoaib, M; Stolerman, IP | 1 |
| Drucker, DB; Hull, PS; James, JA; Sayers, NM | 1 |
| Forbes, A; Gourlay, SG; Marriner, T; McNeil, JJ | 1 |
| Fisher, H; Halladay, AK; Iba, MM; Schwartz, M; Sekowski, A; Wagner, GC | 1 |
| Lutz, WK | 1 |
| Katoh, T; Kawamoto, T; Kitagawa, K; Kunugita, N; Yang, M | 1 |
| Fisher, H; Fung, J; Halladay, AK; Iba, MM; Pak, YW; Sekowski, A; Thomas, PE; Wagner, GC | 1 |
| Kandel, DB; Udry, JR | 1 |
| Croghan, IT; Hurt, RD; Moyer, TP; Offord, KP; Ogburn, PL; Ramin, KD; Schroeder, DR | 1 |
| Carlson, MG; Goffaux, J; Oeser, A; Snead, W | 1 |
| Audesirk, T; Cabell, L | 1 |
| Burrows, S; Foulds, J; Hajek, P; Meadow, A; Nilsson, F; West, R | 1 |
| Baziard-Mouysset, G; Belahsen, Y; Courriere, P; Dousset, JC; Riah, O; Stigliani, JL | 1 |
| Freeman, DA; Gocze, PM; Szabo, I | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Hecht, SS; Murphy, SE | 1 |
| Djurić, VJ; Dragomir, A; Dunn, E; Overstreet, DH; Steiner, M | 1 |
| Demetriou, D; Diehl, B; Schepers, G; Seeman, JI; Stabbert, R | 1 |
| Allen, D; Benuck, M; Cooper, TB; Hashim, A; Lajtha, A; Lipovac, M; Sershen, H; Sziráki, I | 1 |
| Crombleholme, WR; Krohn, MA; Lain, KY; Ness, RB; Powers, RW; Roberts, JM | 1 |
| Evans, BK; Green, JT; McKirdy, HC; Rhodes, J; Thomas, GA | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Fong, I; Herrera, B; Jacob, P; Modin, G; Perez-Stable, EJ | 1 |
| Crooks, PA; Dwoskin, LP; Ghosheh, O; Li, WK | 1 |
| Evans, BK; Feyerabend, C; Green, JT; Ranshaw, C; Rhodes, J; Russell, MA; Thomas, GA | 1 |
| Johnsson, T; Reijula, K; Tuomi, T | 1 |
| Dawson, EB; Evans, DR; Harris, WA; McGanity, WJ | 1 |
| Dibb, WD; Estes, SL; Gehlbach, BA; Gilbert, DG; Hiyane, S; Jensen, RA; McClernon, FJ; Meliska, CJ; Plath, LC; Rabinovich, NE | 1 |
| Hackman, R; Kapur, B; Koren, G | 1 |
| Beede, SD; Croghan, GA; Croghan, IT; Hurt, RD; Patten, CA; Wolter, TD | 1 |
| Domino, EF; Guthrie, SK; Koeppe, RA; Minoshima, S; Ni, L; Ohl, L; Zubieta, JK | 1 |
| Galuska, D; Gorrod, JW; Kawano, Y; Rincón, J; Ryder, JW; Wallberg-Henriksson, H; Zierath, JR | 1 |
| Ding, YS; Fowler, JS; Garza, V; King, P; Logan, J; Pappas, N; Volkow, ND | 1 |
| Le, C; Martins-Green, M; Melkonian, G; Talbot, P; Zheng, W | 1 |
| Kuroiwa, Y; Nakajima, M; Yamagishi, S; Yamamoto, H; Yamamoto, T; Yokoi, T | 1 |
| Meekin, TN; Odell, EW; Palmer, RM; Poston, RN; Scott, DA; Wilson, RF | 1 |
| Bengtsson, T; Larsson, R; Lindahl, TL; Lundahl, TH; Lunell, E; Whiss, PA | 1 |
| Törnquist, K; Tuominen, RK; Vainio, PJ | 1 |
| Gorrod, JW; Tsai, MC | 1 |
| Finch, GL; Kalra, R; Savage, SM; Singh, SP; Sopori, ML | 1 |
| Ginevan, ME; Graves, CG; Jenkins, RA; LaKind, JS; Naiman, DQ; Tardiff, RG | 1 |
| Balster, RL; Eissenberg, T | 1 |
| Aschhoff, S; Lovich, P; Remien, J; Richter, E; Schmitz, O; Schroff, KC | 1 |
| Ide, M; Meekin, TN; Palmer, RM; Scott, DA; Wilson, RF | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, D; Jacob, P | 2 |
| Seidler, FJ; Slotkin, TA; Trauth, JA | 1 |
| Buck, DC; Hollinger, JO; Sipe, RV | 1 |
| Chajek-Shaul, T; Edwards, JK; Slamowitz, DI; White, DP | 1 |
| Dempsey, DA; Ferriero, DM; Good, W; Hajnal, BL; Jacobson, SN; Jones, RT; Partridge, JC | 1 |
| Fuller, SG; Stepans, MB | 1 |
| Kuroiwa, Y; Nakajima, M; Yamamoto, T; Yokoi, T | 1 |
| Gunawardana, RH | 1 |
| Clouse, WD; Fitzpatrick, LA; Hurt, RD; Miller, VM; Moyer, TP; Phillips, MR; Rowland, C; Schaff, HV; Yamaguchi, H | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; Wu, S; Yu, L | 1 |
| Emmons, KM; Hovell, MF; Matt, GE; Wahlgren, DR; Zakarian, JM | 1 |
| Cefilli, D; Grisso, JA; Markovic, N; Ness, RB; Shaw, LM; Stahmer, S | 1 |
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| Freeman, DA; Gocze, PM | 1 |
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| Onoue, S; Seto, Y; Yamada, S; Yamamoto, N | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Cottler, B; Gandhi, KK; Kumar, S; Lu, SE; Steinberg, ML; Williams, JM | 1 |
| Bierut, LJ; Bloom, J; Goate, A; Hinrichs, AL; Kharasch, ED; Murphy, SE; von Weymarn, LB; Wang, JC | 1 |
| Hajek, P; McRobbie, H; West, O | 1 |
| Beard, E; Fidler, J; West, R | 1 |
| Benowitz, N; Destaillats, H; Gundel, LA; Hang, B; Hovell, MF; Jacob, P; Martins-Green, M; Matt, GE; Pankow, JF; Quintana, PJ; Rehan, V; Samet, J; Schick, S; Singer, BC; Sleiman, M; Talbot, P; Wang, Y; Winickoff, JP | 1 |
| Earla, R; Earla, RL; Gupte, R; Jin, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, S; Mitra, AK; Shah, A | 1 |
| Galceran, MT; Huerta-Fontela, M; Rosa Boleda, M; Ventura, F | 1 |
| Grady, SR; Huang, LZ; Quik, M | 1 |
| Dixon, M; Eldridge, AC; Errington, G; Shepperd, CJ | 1 |
| Alexander, RR; Bernert, JT; Xia, Y; Xu, M | 1 |
| Dettbarn, G; Hahn, J; Luch, A; Schubert, J; Schulz, TG; Seidel, A | 1 |
| Grata, E; Marclay, F; Perrenoud, L; Saugy, M | 1 |
| Miller, EI; Murray, GJ; Rollins, DE; Tiffany, ST; Wilkins, DG | 1 |
| Kaiserman, MJ; Levasseur, G; Yeh, E | 1 |
| Du, H; Sun, J; You, T | 1 |
| Bernert, JT; Breysse, P; Butz, AM; Curtin-Brosnan, J; Diette, G; Eggleston, P; Matsui, EC; Rand, C; Williams, D; Yuan, J | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Hatsukami, DK; Hecht, SS; Stepanov, I; Vogel, RI | 1 |
| Heishman, SJ; Huestis, MA; Marrone, GF; Scheidweiler, KB; Shakleya, DM; Singleton, EG | 1 |
| Basior, A; Florek, E; Kornacka, MK; Kramer, L; Lechowicz, W; Mazela, J; Merritt, AT; Piekoszewski, W | 1 |
| Beauverie, P; Castéra, S; Dagorne, O; de Beaurepaire, R; Espaze, R; Giroult, P; Houery, M; Mahuzier, G; Matheron, I; Molimard, R; Niel, P; Padovani, P; Poisson, N; Rat, P; Richier, JP; Rocher, J; Ruetsh, O; Touzeau, D; Visinoni, A | 1 |
| Ino, T; Ohtani, T; Yoshimi, I | 1 |
| Fleckenstein, AE; Miller, EI; Nielsen, SM; Vieira-Brock, PL; Wilkins, DG | 1 |
| Ansermot, N; Choong, E; Cornuz, J; Dobrinas, M; Eap, CB; Noetzli, M | 1 |
| Kavalakis, M; Kokkinakis, M; Liesivuori, J; Terzi, I; Tsatsakis, AM; Tzatzarakis, MN; Vardavas, CI | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Chen, M; Davis, AB; Gao, YT; Han, S; Hecht, SS; Moy, KA; Murphy, SE; Nelson, HH; Tao, L; Wang, R; Yu, MC; Yuan, JM; Zhong, Y | 1 |
| Bullen, C; Etter, JF | 1 |
| Colder, CR; Eiden, RD; Gray, TR; Homish, GG; Huestis, MA; Leonard, KE; Schuetze, P | 1 |
| Bachmann, MF; Bauer, M; Beerli, RR; Kotelovica, S; Lipowsky, G; Maurer, P; Tars, K | 1 |
| Agudo, A; Ariza, C; Fernández, E; Fu, M; Martínez-Sánchez, JM; Moncada, A; Pascual, JA | 1 |
| Astarita, G; Caprioli, G; Ciccocioppo, R; Cippitelli, A; Duranti, A; Kallupi, M; Piomelli, D; Rodrìguez de Fonseca, F; Sagratini, G; Stopponi, S; Ubaldi, M | 1 |
| Bartlett, MG; Beck, WD; Buccafusco, JJ; Callahan, PM; Chapman, JM; Hutchings, EJ; Li, P; Schade, RF; Terry, AV; Vandenhuerk, L | 1 |
| Bawazeer, S; Knottenbelt, C; Watson, DG | 1 |
| Abobo, CV; Liang, D; Ma, J | 1 |
| Apelberg, BJ; Avila-Tang, E; Breysse, PN; Hepp, LM; Kim, S; Ma, J; Madsen, C; Samet, JM | 1 |
| Herman, AI; Jatlow, P; Nadim, H; Sofuoglu, M | 1 |
| Barroso, M; Calheiros, J; da Fonseca, BM; Gallardo, E; Magalhães, AR; Moreno, IE; Queiroz, JA; Ravara, S | 1 |
| D'Souza, F; Kutner, W; Noworyta, K; Srour, SG; Wijesinghe, CA | 1 |
| Huestis, MA; Scheidweiler, KB; Shakleya, DM | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, D; Goniewicz, ML; Jacob, P; St Helen, G; Wilson, M | 1 |
| Baldissarelli, J; Calgaroto, NS; Cruz, RC; Fiorenza, AM; Jaques, JA; Leal, CA; Leal, DB; Melazzo Mazzanti, C; Morsch, VM; Oliveira, LS; Pereira, ME; Pimentel, VC; Schetinger, MR; Seres, J; Souza, Vdo C; Spanevello, RM; Stefanello, N; Thiesen, FV; Thomé, GR | 1 |
| Ande, A; Earla, R; Jin, M; Kumar, A; Kumar, S; Mitra, AK; Silverstein, PS | 1 |
| Bartholomay, P; de Moura, L; de Oliveira, PP; dos Santos, TE; Iser, BP; Malta, DC; Sobel, J | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Binnington, MJ; Hatsukami, DK; Lanier, AP; Renner, CC; Tyndale, RF; Zhu, AZ | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, D; Jacob, P; St Helen, G; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Grady, SR; Hrachova, M; Huang, LZ; Mallela, A; McIntosh, JM; Park, KM; Quik, M | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Leone, FT; Schnoll, RA; Tyndale, RF; Wileyto, EP | 1 |
| Chapple, IL; Chen, FM; Ling, MR; Matthews, JB; Milward, MR | 1 |
| Bagot, RC; Davoli, MA; Huang, SH; Mahar, I; Maheu, M; Mechawar, N; Miksys, S; Tyndale, RF; Walker, CD; Wong, TP | 1 |
| Fujieda, M; Imaida, K; Iwano, S; Kamataki, T; Kiyotani, K; Nakada, T; Saito, T; Uno, T; Yamakawa, K; Yamazaki, H; Yokohira, M | 1 |
| Ashare, RL; Blair, IA; Leone, F; Mesaros, AC; Strasser, AA; Tang, KZ | 1 |
| Bergamaschi, CC; Berto, LA; Cogo, K; de Andrade, A; Franco, GC; Gonçalves, RB; Groppo, FC; Labate, CA | 1 |
| Beer, AL; Greenlee, MW; Vartak, D | 1 |
| Hinds, BJ; Paudel, KS; Stinchcomb, AL; Wu, J | 1 |
| Endo, O; Hammond, D; Inaba, Y; Matsumoto, M; Suzuki, G; Uchiyama, S; Yamaguchi, I | 1 |
| Abreu, MB; Benedetti, D; Da Silva, FR; Da Silva, J; Kahl, V; Kvitko, K; Nunes, E; Rohr, P; Thiesen, FV | 1 |
| Annoni, R; Camarini, R; de Melo Loureiro, AP; Lobo Torres, LH; Marcourakis, T; Mauad, T; Moreira, WL; Muscará, MN; Nicoletti Carvalho, AL; Pacheco-Neto, M; Tamborelli Garcia, RC; Teixeira, SA; Yonamine, M | 1 |
| Murphy, SE; Retzlaff, C; von Weymarn, LB | 1 |
| Ferguson, CS; Miksys, S; Palmour, RM; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Gandhi, KK; Lu, SE; Steinberg, ML; Williams, JM | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, D; Jacob, P; St Helen, G; Wilson, M | 1 |
| Blaha, CD; Dickson, PE; Miller, MM; Mittleman, G; Rogers, TD | 1 |
| Evans, SE; Hoffman, AC | 1 |
| Liang, Q; Sarkar, M | 1 |
| Hara, M; Ichiba, M; Matsumoto, A; Oishi, H; Payton, NM | 1 |
| Brinkmeyer, J; Drusch, K; Fisahn, K; Lowe, A; Mobascher, A; Musso, F; Ohmann, C; Shah, J; Warbrick, T; Winterer, G; Wölwer, W | 1 |
| Rostron, B | 1 |
| Gunawan, R; Hinderliter, PM; Housand, CJ; Smith, JN; Teeguarden, JG; Timchalk, CA | 1 |
| Abdullah, RA; Akbarali, HI; AlSharari, SD; Auttachoat, W; Cabral, GA; Damaj, MI; Ferreira, GA; Lichtman, AH; Shahab, O; White, KL | 1 |
| Liang, Q; Sarkar, M; Wang, J | 1 |
| Alkam, T; Aoyama, Y; Hiramatsu, M; Kim, HC; Mamiya, T; Nabeshima, T; Nitta, A; Yamada, K | 1 |
| Denlinger, RL; Donny, E; Hatsukami, DK; Heishman, SJ; Jensen, J; Mackowick, KM; Murphy, SE; Roper-Batker, AN; Thomas, BF; Vogel, RI | 1 |
| Bierut, LJ; Bloom, AJ; Goate, A; Martinez, M; Murphy, SE; von Weymarn, LB | 1 |
| Himes, SK; Huestis, MA; Niaura, RS; Scheidweiler, KB; Stroud, LR | 1 |
| Chang, YS; Chen, ACh; Chen, CH; Chen, YT; Fang, CP; Ho, IK; Hsiao, CF; Kuo, HW; Lin, KM; Liu, YL; Tsai-Wu, JJ; Tsou, HH; Wang, SC; Wu, HY | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Rait, MA; Rubinstein, ML; Shiffman, S | 1 |
| Mamián-López, MB; Poppi, RJ | 1 |
| De Cremer, K; Van Loco, J; Van Overmeire, I | 1 |
| Eriksson, AC; Green, H; Ljungberg, LU; Persson, K; Whiss, PA | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, DA; Hammond, SK; Havel, C; Jacob, P; Jones, IA; Meyers, MJ; Northcross, A; St Helen, G | 1 |
| Blank, MD; Drobes, DJ; Evans, DE; Heckman, BW; Janse Van Rensburg, K; Macqueen, DA; Park, JY | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Hatsukami, DK; Lerman, C; Renner, CC; Swan, GE; Tyndale, RF; Zhu, AZ | 1 |
| Dahmen, N; Drees, J; Ettinger, U; Frommann, I; Heilmann, K; Kessler, H; Landsberg, MW; Lennertz, L; Maier, W; Mössner, R; Petrovsky, N; Quednow, BB; Sträter, B; Wagner, M | 1 |
| Ceron-Carrasco, JP; Falaise, C; Graton, J; Jacquemin, D; Le Questel, JY; Leray, X; Quinchard, S; Thany, SH; Yassine, B | 1 |
| Bek, F; Macka, M; Nuchtavorn, N; Phechkrajang, C; Ryvolova, M; Suntornsuk, L | 1 |
| Mesa-Gresa, P; Pérez-Martinez, A; Redolat, R | 1 |
| Al-Hasani, R; Bailey, A; Berwick, A; Farshim, P; Hourani, S; Kitchen, I; Ledent, C; Metaxas, A; Tubby, K | 1 |
| Barros, DM; de Aguiar, RB; Jaboinski, J; Parfitt, GM | 1 |
| Shu, I; Wang, P | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Jacob, P; St Helen, G | 1 |
| Bélanger, RE; Berchtold, A; Cornuz, J; Marclay, F; Saugy, M; Suris, JC | 1 |
| Budny, B; Czarnywojtek, A; Florek, E; Komar-Rychlicka, K; Kurdybacha, P; Miechowicz, I; Ruchala, M; Szczepanek, E; Waligorska-Stachura, J; Wasko, R; Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak, M | 1 |
| Grzanka, A; Nowak, JM; Żuryń, A | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Hatsukami, DK; Renner, CC; Tyndale, RF; Zhu, AZ | 1 |
| Balmes, J; Farraro, KF; Hammond, SK; Jenkins, BM; Perrino, C; Schick, SF; Sleiman, M; Trinh, MP; van de Vossenberg, G | 1 |
| Kosewick, J; Wang, S; Yuan, C | 1 |
| Halder, S; Lynch, JM; Pearce, AR | 1 |
| Fukami, T; Nakajima, M; Takahashi, K; Tatsumi, N; Yokoi, T; Yokota, S | 1 |
| Andrenyak, DM; Fleckenstein, AE; Nielsen, SM; Vieira-Brock, PL; Wilkins, DG | 1 |
| Gorini, C; Jameson, H; Mendelowitz, D; Perry, DC; Woerman, AL | 1 |
| Guevara, A; Kroemer, NB; Smolka, MN; Vollstädt-Klein, S | 1 |
| Han, S; Huang, R; Li, XS | 1 |
| Lesicki, A; Sobkowiak, R | 1 |
| Campos, C; Grady, SR; Quik, M | 1 |
| Ly, J; Mallela, A; Quik, M; Zhang, D | 1 |
| Alsharari, SD; Damaj, MI; Siu, EC; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Akane, H; Itahashi, M; Mitsumori, K; Ohishi, T; Shibutani, M; Shiraki, A; Wang, L | 1 |
| Fukuuchi, T; Kaneko, K; Mawatari, K; Morikawa, A; Nakagomi, K; Ota, T; Yamaoka, N; Yasuda, M | 1 |
| Kakehi, A; Kikuchi, A; Miura, N; Onozawa, M; Yuki, D | 1 |
| Ahluwalia, JS; Benowitz, NL; Cox, LS; Tyndale, RF; Zhou, Q; Zhu, AZ | 1 |
| Coleman, T; Cooper, S; Kwok, TC; Lewis, S; Taggar, J | 1 |
| Andriash, K; Busto, UE; Persad, D; Selby, P; Zack, M; Zawertailo, L | 1 |
| Guo, SE; Kuo, CJ; Liang, SS; Liao, WT; Shiue, YL; Tsai, EM | 1 |
| Chao, MR; Chen, JL; Hsu, YW; Hu, CW; Tam, LM | 1 |
| Aveyard, P; Coleman, T; Cooper, S; Grainge, M; Leonardi-Bee, J; Vaz, LR | 1 |
| Blackwell, C; Burns, C; Hall, S; Moscovis, S; Scott, R | 1 |
| Dylik, A; Florek, E; Kulza, M; Marszałek, A; Piekoszewski, W; Seńczuk-Przybyłowska, M; Wiśniewska, E | 1 |
| Banks, KM; Fernandes, PG; Joseph, AM; Lassig, AAD; Murphy, SE; Wickham, KM; Yueh, B | 1 |
| Bierut, LJ; Bloom, AJ; Chen, LS; Goate, A; Martinez, M; Murphy, SE | 1 |
| Ahluwalia, JS; Benowitz, NL; Berg, CJ; Guo, H; Hayes, RB; Khariwala, SS; Nollen, NL; Scheuermann, TS; Thomas, JL | 1 |
| Ande, A; Earla, R; Kumar, A; Kumar, S; McArthur, C | 1 |
| Hazeki, N; Kobayashi, K; Nishimura, Y; Ohta, M; Shinke, H; Yamamoto, M | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Delucchi, KL; Hall, SM; Hendricks, PS | 1 |
| Etter, JF | 2 |
| Butler, LM; Hecht, SS; Stepanov, I; Yuan, JM | 1 |
| Davey Smith, G; Munafò, MR; Timpson, N; Ware, JJ | 1 |
| Han, Y; Lam, KT; Lau, YL; Ling, MT; Liu, M; Liu, Y; Mao, H; Tu, W; Zheng, J | 1 |
| Neupane, DP; Pandey, AS; Shreevastva, NK | 1 |
| Branstetter, SA; Mercincavage, M; Muscat, JE | 1 |
| Jerome, AM; Oldham, MJ; Werley, MS | 1 |
| Abidin, HB; Adin, ZE; Boswell, L; Brown, JK; Burgess, S; Duncan, WC; Horne, AW; Lee, KF; Nio-Kobayashi, J | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Carmella, SG; Chatfield, DA; Chen, M; Daffa, RM; Hecht, SS; Hovell, MF; Jackson, SR; Jacob, P; Kassem, NO; Liles, S; Matt, GE; Mehta, S; Younis, MA | 1 |
| Ansari, S; Buettner, A; Esposito, M; Gebel, S; Hoeng, J; Kogel, U; Leroy, P; Martin, F; Peitsch, MC; Schlage, WK; Vanscheeuwijck, P; Wyss, C; Xiang, Y | 1 |
| Bowker, KA; Coleman, T; Cooper, S; Lewis, S; Vaz, LR | 1 |
| Fisher, MT; Frost-Pineda, K; Gogova, M; Kobal, G; McKinney, DL; Oldham, MJ; Wang, J | 1 |
| Hattori, H; Ishii, A; Iwai, M; Ogawa, T; Seno, H; Suzuki, O; Zaitsu, K | 1 |
| Rahman, S; Roni, MA | 1 |
| Broms, U; Haukkala, A; Kaprio, J; Korhonen, T; Laatikainen, T; Partonen, T; Patja, K; Pennanen, M; Tuulio-Henriksson, A | 1 |
| Hoffman, AC; Schroeder, MJ | 1 |
| Callahan-Lyon, P | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Dunbar, MS; Shiffman, S | 1 |
| Bilderback, A; Borrelli, B; Eakin, MN; Hovell, M; Rand, CS; Riekert, KA | 1 |
| Gustavsson, G; Kruse, E; Tonstad, S; Walmsley, JM; Westin, Å | 1 |
| Carcoba, LM; Castañeda, E; Ferree, PL; Moss, DE; Natividad, LA; O'Dell, LE; Orfila, JE; Pipkin, JA; Torres, OV | 1 |
| Haswell, LE; Lowe, FJ; Newland, N; Papadopoulou, E; Shepperd, CJ | 1 |
| Bandéca, MC; Borges, AH; Cavassim, R; Fontanari, LA; Leite, AA; Leite, FR; Pinto, SC; Sampaio, JE | 1 |
| Abreu, MB; Da Silva, FR; Da Silva, J; Kvitko, K; Rohr, P; Thiesen, FV | 1 |
| Borgerding, MF; Krautter, GR | 1 |
| Jang, TW; Kim, HR; Kim, KY; Koo, JW; Lee, HE; Myong, JP; Park, CY | 1 |
| Ballbè, M; Fernández, E; Fu, M; López, MJ; Martínez-Sánchez, JM; Pascual, JA; Pérez-Ortuño, R; Saltó, E; Sureda, X | 1 |
| Echeverria, V; Grizzell, JA | 1 |
| Craig, EL; Cui, JZ; Miksys, S; Novalen, M; Tyndale, RF; Zhao, B | 1 |
| Ginzkey, C; Hackenberg, S; Hagen, R; Kleinsasser, NH; Koehler, C; Richter, E; Steussloff, G | 1 |
| Chenoweth, MJ; Cinciripini, PM; George, TP; Hawk, LW; Lerman, C; Novalen, M; Schnoll, RA; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Bernert, JT; Blount, BC; McGuffey, JE; Morrow, JC; Wang, L; Wei, B; Xia, B | 1 |
| Borsotti, A; Castiglioni, S; Davoli, E; Senta, I; Zuccato, E | 1 |
| Engleman, EA; Katner, SN; McBride, WJ; Rodd, ZA; Smoker, MP; Toalston, JE | 1 |
| Bernert, JT; Giovino, GA; Jarvis, MJ; Kozlowski, LT; O'Connor, RJ | 1 |
| Alharbi, O; Goodacre, R; Xu, Y | 1 |
| Peres, J | 1 |
| Hammond, D; O'Connor, RJ | 1 |
| Apelberg, BJ; Avila-Tang, E; Breysse, PN; Hepp, L; Kim, S; Samet, JM; Yun, D | 1 |
| Bernstein, DI; Biagini Myers, JM; Burkle, JW; Ericksen, MB; Gareri, J; Khurana Hershey, GK; Koren, G; LeMasters, GK; Lindsey, MA; Lockey, JE; Lubetsky, A; Martin, LJ; Pilipenko, V; Sivaprasad, U | 1 |
| Dermody, SS; Donny, EC; Hatsukami, DK; Hertsgaard, LA | 1 |
| Fehsel, K; Henning, U; Korth, C; Luckhaus, C; Schäble, S; Silva, MA; Trossbach, SV; Winterer, G | 1 |
| Kim, BR; Kim, KM; Park, TS; Shim, SM; Suh, JW; Yang, SH | 1 |
| Antunes, MV; da Silva, CF; Finger, MA; Linden, R; Moore, C | 1 |
| Ballbè, M; Fernández, E; Fu, M; Martínez-Sánchez, JM; Pascual, JA; Pérez-Ortuño, R; Saltó, E; Sureda, X | 1 |
| Cela, R; Quintana, JB; Rico, M; Rodil, R; Rodríguez-Álvarez, T | 1 |
| Jackson, KJ; Marusich, JA; Thomas, BF; Wiley, JL | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Chen, M; Hatsukami, DK; Hecht, SS; Kotandeniya, D; Murphy, SE; Pillsbury, ME; Ransom, BW; Thompson, E; Vogel, RI | 1 |
| Adriaens, K; Baeyens, F; Declerck, P; Van Gucht, D | 1 |
| Ferguson, SG; Jacobson, GA | 1 |
| Abreu-Villaça, Y; Cavina, CC; Correa-Santos, M; Filgueiras, CC; Krahe, TE; Manhães, AC; Naiff, VF; Ribeiro-Carvalho, A | 1 |
| Ding, YS; Hammond, D; Ward, J; Watson, CH | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Donny, EC; Hatsukami, DK; Nardone, N | 1 |
| Chaichalotornkul, S; Dararat, P; Kikuchi, K; Maruyama, I; Nararatwanchai, T; Narkpinit, S; Tancharoen, S | 1 |
| Baker, T; Hale, TW; Rowe, H | 1 |
| Lykeridou, KE; Sotiroudis, G; Tsinisizeli, N; Xenakis, A | 1 |
| Eakin, MN; Hilliard, ME; Hovell, MF; Rand, CS; Riekert, KA; Welkom, JS | 1 |
| Bies, RR; Brown, JW; Jahn, A; Jones, DR; Vélez de Mendizábal, N | 1 |
| Gartner, C | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Donny, EC; Hatsukami, DK; Koopmeiners, JS | 1 |
| Carmella, SG; Hecht, SS; Kotandeniya, D; Ming, X; Murphy, SE | 1 |
| Bandiera, FC; Benowitz, NL; Delucchi, K; Ross, KC; Taghavi, S; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Abrishami, M; Esfahrood, ZR; Torshabi, M; Zamanian, A | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Cinciripini, P; George, TP; Hawk, LW; Heitjan, DF; Lerman, C; Schnoll, RA; Swan, GE; Tyndale, RF; Wileyto, EP | 1 |
| Aveyard, P; Coleman, T; Cooper, S; Leonardi-Bee, J; Vaz, LR | 1 |
| Capelo, JL; Cavaleiro, JA; Faustino, MA; Lodeiro, C; Menezes, JC; Neves, Mda G; Oliveira, E; Santos, CI; Santos, HM | 1 |
| Denson, JE; Durham, PL; Hawkins, JL; Miley, DR | 1 |
| Coen, K; Garcia, KL; Lê, AD; Miksys, S; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Gerloff, J; Lerner, CA; McIntosh, S; Ossip, DJ; Rahman, I; Robinson, R; Sundar, IK; Yao, H | 1 |
| Balcita-Pedicino, JJ; Omelchenko, N; Poloyac, S; Roy, P; Sesack, SR | 1 |
| Chenoweth, MJ; Hamilton, DA; Hawk, LW; Heitjan, DF; Lerman, C; Mahoney, MC; Novalen, M; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Alexander, LA; Antonio, A; Cassel, KD; Clanton, MS; Fagan, P; Franke, AA; Herzog, T; Johnson, CA; Jorgensen, D; Kaholokula, JK; Kawamoto, C; Lynch, T; Moolchan, ET; Pagano, I; Pokhrel, P; Sakuma, KL; Sy, A; Trinidad, DR | 1 |
| Kodet, J; Okoli, C; Robertson, H | 1 |
| Ahmed, J; Bitter, H; Crystal, RG; Fine, JS; Harvey, BG; Hilton, H; Hollmann, C; Kaner, RJ; Mezey, JG; Pillai, SG; Salit, J; Sridhar, S; Staudt, MR; Stevenson, CS; Strulovici-Barel, Y; Tilley, AE; Visvanathan, S; Wang, G; Wang, R; Wolff, G; Yee-Levin, J | 1 |
| Bez, J; Dinter, C; Hermann, D; Hoffmann, H; Kiefer, F; Koopmann, A; Lemenager, T; Reinhard, I; Wiedemann, K; Winterer, G | 1 |
| Berlin, I; Golmard, JL; Jacob, N | 2 |
| Hwang, SH; Jeong, BY; Lee, DH; Lim, MK; Park, EY; Yang, W; Yun, EH | 1 |
| DeVito, EE; Gelernter, J; Herman, AI; Jensen, KP; Sofuoglu, M; Valentine, GW | 1 |
| Brooks, BW; Burket, SR; Chang, M; Chang, YW; Nguyen, HP; Schug, KA | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Danaher, BG; Ebbert, JO; Schroeder, DR; Severson, HH | 1 |
| Anderson, A; Broadbent, B; Carmella, S; Hatsukami, DK; Hecht, SS; Jensen, J; Murphy, SE; Severson, H; Vogel, RI | 1 |
| Alexander, LA; Clanton, MS; Fagan, P; Franke, AA; Herzog, TA; Johnson, CA; Moolchan, ET; Pagano, IS; Pokhrel, P; Sakuma, KL; Trinidad, DR | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Galanti, L; George, TP; Huestis, MA; Jatlow, P; Kankaanpää, A; Kaprio, J; Lerman, C; Murphy, SE; Novalen, M; Stefan, C; Tanner, JA; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Banal, A; Cao, Q; Harris, AC; LeSage, MG; Muelken, P; Schmidt, CE; Tally, L | 1 |
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| Cha, S; Cho, HD; Han, SB; Im, H; Jin, CH; Kim, J; Lee, E; Lee, JY; Suh, JH; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Hand, D; Kranzler, HR; Lynch, KG; Oncken, C; Schnoll, R; Tyndale, RF; Washio, Y; Zindel, LR | 1 |
| Ahmad, E; Beg, MA; Rehan, M | 1 |
| Boots, AW; Opperhuizen, A; Pauwels, CGGM; Pennings, JLA; Schooten, FV; Talhout, R; Visser, WF | 1 |
| Abdelaziz, A; Bade, R; Gerber, C; Ghetia, M; Tscharke, BJ; White, JM | 1 |
| Clarke, PBS; Huang, J; Wan, B; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Eaglesham, G; Gerber, C; Li, J; O'Brien, JW; Reeks, T; Shimko, KM; Thai, PK; Thomas, KV; Thompson, J; Tscharke, BJ; Zheng, Q | 1 |
| Boddu, SH; Bolla, PK; Cudjoe, E; Gionfriddo, E; Godage, NH; Neupane, R; Renukuntla, J | 1 |
| Burke, C; Marotta, PL; McKee, SA; Peltier, MR; Ramchandani, VA; Roberts, W; Verplaetse, TL | 1 |
| Green, C; Hoh, E; Hovell, MF; Khan, AM; Klawans, MR; Matt, GE; Northrup, TF; Quintana, PJE; Stotts, AL; Suchting, R | 1 |
| Blount, BC; Callahan-Lyon, P; Chen, J; De Jesús, VR; Goniewicz, ML; Hecht, SS; Hyland, A; Kimmel, HL; Retzky, S; Rivard, C; Sharma, E; Sosnoff, CS; Stanton, CA; Travers, MJ; Wang, Y; Xia, B; Yucesoy, B | 1 |
| Ahmed, F; Gao, J; Gartner, C; Mueller, JF; O'Brien, JW; Thai, PK; Thomas, KV; Tscharke, BJ; Zheng, Q | 1 |
| Baker, DL; Deats, S; DeMichele, G; Dymond, R; O'Brien, M; Pagán, OR | 1 |
| Bautista, F; Espinoza-Derout, J; Friedman, TC; Hasan, KM; Jordan, MC; Mahata, SK; Parveen, M; Razipour, MM; Roos, KP; Shao, XM; Sinha-Hikim, AP | 1 |
| Abreu, MB; Alves, J; Da Silva, FR; Da Silva, J; Dos Santos Branco, C; Dos Santos, DL; Kahl, V; Knasmuller, S; Lima, E; Nersesyan, A; Reyes, J; Salvador, M; Thiesen, FV | 1 |
| Akins, B; Anderson, KA; Chu, L; Dodder, NG; Hoh, E; Hovell, MF; Lopez-Galvez, N; Matt, GE; Padilla, S; Quintana, PJE; Vyas, M; Zakarian, JM | 1 |
| Iwamoto, T; Kiyota, Y; Kobayashi, T; Matsumoto, M; Miyamoto, K; Miyamoto, T; Muramatsu, H; Nakamura, M; Sato, K; Sato, Y; Tateno, H | 1 |
| Alfredsson, L; Hedström, AK; Olsson, T | 1 |
| Chun, MR; Hwang, JH; Jee, JH; Lee, JY; Lee, SY; Oh, J; Park, MS | 1 |
| Lee, DH; Lee, TS; Oh, JE; Park, MB | 1 |
| Ding, ZM; Gao, Y; Sentir, AM; Tan, X | 1 |
| Durán, P; Espinosa, LR; Fuentes-Cano, MA; Reynoso-Robles, R; Rojas, P; Rojas-Castañeda, JC; Saldaña, MC; Vigueras-Villaseñor, RM | 1 |
| Behnood-Rod, A; Bruijnzeel, AW; Chandasana, H; Chellian, R; Derendorf, H; Levin, B; McCarthy, M; Ravula, A; Wilks, I; Wilson, R; Xue, S | 1 |
| Anthony, TM; Arshad, H; Commodore, S; Eslamimehr, S; Ewart, S; Holloway, JW; Jones, AD; Karmaus, W; Kheirkhah Rahimabad, P; Mukherjee, N | 1 |
| Chen, YC; Cortez, A; Fowler, CD; Fowler, JP; Kotha, ER; Lallai, V; Roybal, MM; Staben, A | 1 |
| Amos, CI; Baker, TB; Bierut, LJ; Chen, J; Chen, LS; Chiu, A; Ho, JTK; Smock, N; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Addo, N; Benowitz, NL; Dempsey, DA; Jacob, P; Liakoni, E; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Addo, N; Ahluwalia, JS; Benowitz, NL; Chenoweth, MJ; Cox, LS; George, TP; Giratallah, HK; Lerman, C; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Callahan, PM; Hoeng, J; Koshibu, K; Peitsch, MC; Terry, AV | 1 |
| Allen, SI; Hobkirk, AL; Krebs, NM; Midya, V; Muscat, JE; Reinhart, L; Stennett, AL; Sun, D | 1 |
| Ausmees, K; Reile, I; Reimets, N; Vija, S | 1 |
| Hawkey, AB; Hoeng, J; Koshibu, K; Levin, ED; Peitsch, MC | 1 |
| Boyd, CJ; Evans-Polce, RJ; McCabe, SE; Smith, DM; Veliz, P | 1 |
| Burrows, CA; Newman, ST; Raiff, BR; Upton, CR | 1 |
| Hoh, E; Jandarov, RA; Mahabee-Gittens, EM; Matt, GE; Merianos, AL; Quintana, PJE | 1 |
| Claire, R; Clark, M; Coleman, T; Cooper, S; Dickinson, A; Emery, J; Kinahan-Goodwin, D; Lewis, S; McDaid, L; Naughton, F; Phillips, L; Slaich, B; Thomson, R | 1 |
| Chenoweth, MJ; Hawk, LW; Novalen, M; Tyndale, RF; Zhao, B | 1 |
| Genzen, JR; Hunsaker, JJH; Johnson-Davis, KL; La'ulu, SL; LaGrave, D; McMillin, GA; Murphy, W; Reichman, HA; Snow, TM | 1 |
| Britton, GR; Collier, R; Feeney, A; Gallagher, WF; James, GD; Rhodes Keefe, JM; Sprague, LM | 1 |
| Han, W; Hashemi, S; Lee, C; Lim, Y; Song, Y; Yang, J | 1 |
| Chinthakindi, S; Kannan, K; Liao, C; Zhu, Q | 1 |
| Brodtkorb, E; Knudsen-Baas, KM; Myren-Svelstad, S; Nakken, KO; Spigset, O | 1 |
| Amyx, MM; Bever, AM; Buck Louis, GM; Gerlanc, NM; Grantz, KL; He, D; Kannan, K; Robinson, M; Smarr, MM; Sundaram, R; Tekola-Ayele, F; Zhang, C | 1 |
| Almeida, FB; Bandiera, S; de Almeida, RF; Dos Reis Izolan, L; Fontella, FU; Gomez, R; Leal, MB; Marques, D; Nin, MS; Pulcinelli, RR | 1 |
| Kaji, S; Kataoka, H; Moai, M | 1 |
| Akins, JR; Arnstein, S; Bernert, JT; Blount, BC; Borek, N; Caron, K; Conway, KP; de Castro, BR; Deng-Bryant, Y; Dortch, K; Edwards, KC; Feng, J; Goniewicz, ML; Hatsukami, DK; Hecht, SS; Hunter, RE; Hyland, A; Kimmel, HL; Lawrence, C; Li, Y; Mishina, E; Pine, BN; Pirkle, JL; Sosnoff, CS; van Bemmel, DM; Wang, L | 1 |
| Alvente, S; Bastianini, S; Berteotti, C; Candeletti, S; Cohen, G; Lo Martire, V; Matteoli, G; Romualdi, P; Rullo, L; Silvani, A; Stamatakos, S; Zoccoli, G | 1 |
| Jin, S; Mei, S; Pang, W; Zhao, L; Zhao, Z | 1 |
| Arendt, M; Behrens, T; Brüning, T; Dragano, N; Hovanec, J; Jöckel, KH; Kendzia, B; Koch, HM; Moebus, S; Pesch, B; Schmidt, B; Weiß, T | 1 |
| Ishii, H; Kawasaki, K; Kijima-Suda, I; Kusano, K; Kushiro, A; Leung, GN; Nagata, SI; Okada, J; Sakai, S; Toju, K; Yamashita, S | 1 |
| Axelsson, J; Giwercman, A; Lindh, CH | 1 |
| Benowitz, NL; Buka, S; Jao, NC; Niaura, R; Papandonatos, GD; Stroud, LR | 1 |
| Halquist, MS; Mulder, HA; Pearcy, AC | 1 |
| Alsaafin, A; Chenoweth, MJ; O'Loughlin, J; Sylvestre, MP; Tyndale, RF | 1 |
| Achilihu, H; Alexander, JR; Bendik, PB; Blount, BC; Feng, J; Luo, Z; Mazumder, S; Pine, BN; Shia, W; Sosnoff, CS; Wang, L; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Han, W; Hashemi, S; Lim, Y; Song, Y; Yang, J | 1 |
| Espinoza, VE; Giner, P; Liano, I; Mendez, IA; O'Dell, LE | 1 |
| Chinthakindi, S; Kannan, K | 1 |
| Ashley, DL; Blount, BC; Borek, N; Chang, CM; Cheng, YC; Del Valle-Pinero, AY; Feng, J; Kimmel, HL; Silveira, ML; Sosnoff, C; van Bemmel, D; Wang, L; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Alexander, R; Arnstein, S; Bernert, JT; Blount, BC; Borek, N; Conway, KP; Crespo-Barreto, J; Del Valle-Pinero, AY; Edwards, KC; Feng, J; Goniewicz, ML; Hatsukami, DK; Hecht, SS; Hyland, A; Kimmel, HL; Lawrence, C; Li, Y; Luo, Z; Pagnotti, V; Pine, B; Piyankarage, S; Rehmani, I; Rutt, SM; Sandlin, J; Sosnoff, CS; van Bemmel, DM; Wade, E; Wang, L | 1 |
| Chang, YZ; Chao, MR; Chen, HC; Chen, YY | 1 |
| Inaba, Y; Inoue, H; Kunugita, N; Kurosawa, H; Machida, K; Ogata, H; Omori, H; Onoue, A; Samukawa, T | 1 |
| Dhanraj, DN; Ganga Devaiah, C; Gordon, SS; Lambers, DS | 1 |
| Bunn, JY; Gaalema, D; Harfmann, RF; Heil, SH; Higgins, ST; Morgan, SL; Reed, GL; Sigmon, SC; Tidey, J | 1 |
| Florek, E; Kasprzyk, J; Kulza, M; Piekoszewski, W; Tezyk, A | 1 |
| Abdelgadir, EH; Ahmad, SR; Al-Rejaie, SS; Alanazi, FK; Alasmari, AF; Alasmari, F; Alotaibi, FM; Alotaibi, MM; Alqahtani, F; Alshammari, MA; Attwa, MW; Elzayat, E | 1 |
| Bai, R; Du, G; Jiang, C; Liu, D; Liu, X; Lu, N; Luo, Y; Ma, Y; Shi, B; Xu, T; Yang, Z; Zhang, C; Zhang, J; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Anh, NTK; Chan, G; Hue, TTT; Thai, PK; Thanh, BX; Vu, GT; Zheng, Q | 1 |
| Pluym, N; Rögner, N; Scherer, G; Scherer, M | 1 |
| Amabile, E; Ambrosone, A; Biraschi, F; Currà, A; de Sousa, DA; Diana, F; Incarbone, G; Missori, P; Paolini, S; Peschillo, S | 1 |
| Bendik, PB; Blount, BC; Feng, J; Pine, BN; Rutt, SM; Sosnoff, CS; Wang, L; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Huang, Y; Jia, X; Li, S; Qi, F; Qiu, X; Wang, R; Wang, Y; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Foulds, J; Hayes, JE; Hobkirk, AL; Horn, K; Krebs, NM; Liao, J; Lin, W; Muscat, JE; Richie, JP; Zhu, J | 1 |
| Block, AC; Felicione, NJ; Goniewicz, ML; Kaiser, L; Leigh, NJ; O'Connor, RJ; Page, MK; Schurr, BE | 1 |
| Arens, Y; Ashare, R; Bilker, WB; D'Souza, G; Friedman, MR; Gross, R; Han, X; Plankey, M; Schnoll, RA; Shoptaw, S; Stosor, V; Tyndale, RF; Ware, D | 1 |
| Amaerjiang, N; Hu, Y; Jiang, G; Li, A; Li, M; Pérez-Escamilla, R; Song, M; Vermund, SH; Xiao, H; Zunong, J | 1 |
| Baurley, JW; Bergen, AW; Ervin, CM; McMahan, CS; Murphy, SE; Park, SL | 1 |
| Ding, ZM; Neslund, E; Tan, X | 1 |
| Colsoul, ML; Galanti, L; Goderniaux, N; Vanpee, D | 1 |
| Janwantanakul, P; Klinsophon, T; Thaveeratitham, P | 1 |
| Ahmad, SM; Hamid, A; Kanamori, K; Lutfy, K; Shin, CS | 1 |
| Ballbè, M; Bru, S; Carballar, R; Clotet, J; Fernández, E; Fu, M; González-Marrón, A; Lidón-Moyano, C; Martínez-Láinez, JM; Martínez-Sánchez, JM; Pascual, JA; Pérez-Martín, H; Pérez-Ortuño, R | 1 |
| Ballbè, M; Fernández, E; Fu, M; García-Algar, Ó; Gil, F; Gual, A; Masana, G; Olmedo, P; Pascual, JA; Pérez-Ortuño, R | 1 |
| Dizon, A; Krasowski, MD; McMillin, GA; Nwosu, A; Snozek, CLH | 1 |
| Adams-Haduch, J; Chen, G; Khor, CC; Koh, WP; Lazarus, P; Nelson, HH; Perez-Paramo, YX; Thomas, CE; Wang, R; Watson, CJW; Yuan, JM | 1 |
| Allen, SI; Azzouz, N; Cather, C; Evins, AE; Foulds, J; Hameed, A; Hammett, E; Hrabovsky, S; Krebs, NM; Lester, C; Liao, J; Modesto, J; Muscat, JE; Pachas, G; Reinhart, L; Richie, JP; Trushin, N; Veldheer, S; Wasserman, E; Yingst, J; Zhu, J | 1 |
| Alexis, NE; Barjaktarevic, I; Boucher, RC; Bowler, RP; Comellas, AP; Cooper, CB; Curtis, JL; Esther, CR; Halper-Stromberg, E; Hastie, AT; Koch, AL; O'Neal, WK; Ortega, VE; Peters, SP; Raffield, LM; Rennard, SI; Ronish, B; Wells, JM | 1 |
| Jiang, XW; Lin, JL; Liu, J; Peng, L; Yang, J; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Appenzeller, BMR; Binck, S; Faÿs, F; Roseren, C; Ruiz-Castell, M; Samouda, H | 1 |
| Bensch, L; Carl, E; Foulds, J; Goniewicz, ML; Hyland, A; Liskiewicz, A; Mahoney, MC; McDonough, B; Sheffer, CE; Shevorykin, A; Szeliga, A; Vantucci, D | 1 |
| Hilty, A; Jacob, P; Pratt, K; Schick, SF | 1 |
| Bardhi, K; Coates, S; Lazarus, P; Muscat, JE; Nasrin, S; Watson, C | 1 |
| Dumke, R; El-Armouche, A; Helm, B; Mayer, R; Oertel, R; Renner, B; Schubert, S | 1 |
| Ballbè, M; Cartanyà-Hueso, À; Fernández, E; Fu, M; González-Marrón, A; Lidón-Moyano, C; Martín-Sánchez, JC; Martínez-Sánchez, JM; Melero-Ollonarte, JL; Pascual, JA; Perez-Ortuño, R | 1 |
| Carroll, DM; Mitchell, C; Parks, MJ; Patrick, ME | 1 |
| Axente, RE; Baconi, DL; Chitescu, CL; Nitescu, VG; Stan, M; Vlasceanu, AM | 1 |
| Antoni, G; Biegon, A; Comasco, E; Dubol, M; Hosoya, T; Immenschuh, J; Jonasson, M; Lubberink, M; Niwa, T; Roslin, S; Sundström-Poromaa, I; Takahashi, K; Watanabe, Y; Wikström, J | 1 |
| Ding, ZM; Neslund, EM; Tan, X | 1 |
| Gerber, C; Hobson, P; Lin, CY; Mueller, JF; O'Brien, JW; Steadman, KJ; Thai, PK; Thomas, KV; Toms, LM; Tscharke, BJ; Zheng, Q | 1 |
| Deng, C; Lin, H; Luo, Y; Sun, Y; Wei, X; Xu, D; Yang, H; Yin, M; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Li, Y; Liu, H; Ma, J; Qian, X; Wan, Y; Xia, W; Xu, S; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Danielsson, M; Lammi, A; Ollgren, J; Pylkkänen, L; Siitonen, S; Vasankari, T | 1 |
| Aryal, SP; Ferrell, JL; Flythe, MD; Fu, X; Harvey, BT; Lakes, JE; Neupane, KR; Richards, CI | 1 |
| Dodder, NG; Hoh, E; Lopez Galvez, N; Mahabee-Gittens, EM; Matt, GE; Merianos, AL; Quintana, PJE; Stone, L; Wullenweber, C | 1 |
| Li, W; Noguez, J; Zhang, XS | 1 |
81 review(s) available for cotinine and nicotine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Pyridine alkaloids with activity in the central nervous system.
Topics: Alkaloids; Amphibians; Animals; Bacteria; Central Nervous System Diseases; Fungi; Nicotine; Plants; Pyridines; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2020 |
[Markers for smoking].
Topics: Biomarkers; Cadmium; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Lipid Peroxides; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1992 |
[Health effects of chronic exposure to tobacco smoke on a non-smoker population].
Topics: Adult; Bronchospirometry; Cadmium; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Prisons; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1992 |
Titrating exposure to tobacco smoke using cotinine--a minefield of misunderstandings.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1990 |
Importance of exposure to gaseous and particulate phase components of tobacco smoke in active and passive smokers.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Gases; Humans; Male; Mutagenicity Tests; Nicotine; Phenanthrenes; Polycyclic Compounds; Pyrenes; Smoking; Sulfides; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1990 |
Application of biochemical intake markers to passive smoking measurement and risk estimation.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Risk Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
[Biological markers of tobacco].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
[Cotinine: a biological marker for tobacco in children].
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
[Toxicologic and pharmacologic methods in the control of smoking behavior].
Topics: Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin; Child; Cotinine; Humans; Mesencephalon; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Receptors, Nicotinic; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
[Biochemical study procedures for verifying non-smoking: evaluating the usefulness of biochemical indicators of exposure to cigarette smoke].
Topics: Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Sulfides; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Radioimmunoassay for nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay | 1987 |
Uptake of environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1987 |
Personal, biological and air monitoring for exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1987 |
Quantification and chemical markers of tobacco-exposure.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1987 |
The influence of passive smoking on the cardiovascular system.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cardiovascular System; Coronary Disease; Cotinine; Humans; Macaca fascicularis; Nicotine; Rabbits; Smoke; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
Biosynthesis and mammalian metabolism of nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cotinine; Humans; Hydroxylation; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Plants, Toxic; Putrescine; Pyrrolidines | 1980 |
Neuropharmacology of nicotine: effects on the autoregulation of acetylcholine release by substance P and methionine enkephalin in rodent cerebral slices and toxicological implications.
Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Cotinine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enzyme Activation; In Vitro Techniques; Nicotine; Phospholipases A; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1995 |
Aspects of the oxidative metabolism of nicotine.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking | 1994 |
Chemical analyses as validators in smoking cessation programs.
Topics: Biomarkers; Biotransformation; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Thiocyanates | 1993 |
[Passive smoking. Limited risk factor of fetal damage].
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1993 |
Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1996 |
Pharmacology of nicotine: addiction and therapeutics.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders | 1996 |
Cotinine as a biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1996 |
Individual differences in nicotine kinetics and metabolism in humans.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking | 1997 |
Contribution of CNS nicotine metabolites to the neuropharmacological effects of nicotine and tobacco smoking.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 1997 |
Lung cancer and passive smoking.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Epidemiologic Factors; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Risk; Spouses; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1998 |
Carcinogens in the diet vs. overnutrition. Individual dietary habits, malnutrition, and genetic susceptibility modify carcinogenic potency and cancer risk.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Esophageal Neoplasms; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Neoplasms; Nicotine; Nutrition Disorders; Rats; Risk; Smoking | 1999 |
Potential mechanisms of susceptibility to periodontitis in tobacco smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Disease Susceptibility; Forehead; Gingiva; Humans; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Periodontitis; Regional Blood Flow; Risk Factors; Skin; Smoking; Time Factors; Vasoconstriction | 1999 |
Initial tobacco use episodes in children and adolescents: current knowledge, future directions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Child; Cotinine; Female; Forecasting; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Plants, Toxic; Research Design; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2000 |
Cigarette smoking and anaesthesia.
Topics: Anesthetics; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cotinine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Preoperative Care; Respiratory Physiological Phenomena; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors | 1999 |
Lung cancer due to passive smoking--a review.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Bias; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child; Confidence Intervals; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemiological Monitoring; Europe; Female; Germany; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Middle Aged; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Smoke; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Workplace | 2001 |
The nicotine inhaler: clinical pharmacokinetics and comparison with other nicotine treatments.
Topics: Absorption; Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Area Under Curve; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cotinine; Equipment and Supplies; Female; Humans; Male; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2001 |
Polymorphisms of CYP2A6 and its practical consequences.
Topics: Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Point Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking | 2001 |
[The exposure to tobacco smoking].
Topics: Biomarkers; Blood Proteins; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2002 |
Hair as a biomarker for exposure to tobacco smoke.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2002 |
Nicotine metabolism, human drug metabolism polymorphisms, and smoking behaviour.
Topics: Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking | 2003 |
The potential role of cotinine in the cognitive and neuroprotective actions of nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cell Line; Cognition; Cotinine; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine | 2003 |
Flying the smoky skies: secondhand smoke exposure of flight attendants.
Topics: Aerospace Medicine; Air Pollutants; Aircraft; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Financing, Government; Humans; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Research Support as Topic; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Ventilation | 2004 |
[Usefulness of biological markers in evaluation of smoking].
Topics: Air; Alkaloids; Artifacts; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Chromatography; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; False Positive Reactions; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Immunoassay; Nicotine; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 2004 |
Recent developments in meconium and hair testing methods for the confirmation of gestational exposures to alcohol and tobacco smoke.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Esters; Ethanol; Fatty Acids; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Neonatal Screening; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
Cigarette smoking: Evidence to guide measurement.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nursing Research; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2004 |
[Cotinine].
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Health Education; Humans; Nicotine; Reference Values; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
[Markers of environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure].
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
[What are the markers of tobacco smoking?].
Topics: Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking | 2005 |
[How should markers of smoking be used during pregnancy?].
Topics: Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2005 |
Interindividual variability in nicotine metabolism: C-oxidation and glucuronidation.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Liver; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; UDP-Glucuronosyltransferase 1A9; White People | 2005 |
Menstrual cycle bleeding patterns in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Humans; Menstruation; Menstruation Disturbances; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Nicotine; Smoking | 2006 |
Possible effects on smokers of cigarette mentholation: a review of the evidence relating to key research questions.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Health Behavior; Heart Rate; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Menthol; Nicotine; Prevalence; Respiratory Mechanics; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tars | 2007 |
Secondhand smoke and nicotine exposure: a brief review.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Nicotine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention | 2007 |
Reference values for hair cotinine as a biomarker of active and passive smoking in women of reproductive age, pregnant women, children, and neonates: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Inhalation Exposure; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Reference Values; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
Waterpipe smoking and nicotine exposure: a review of the current evidence.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; India; Inhalation Exposure; Jordan; Kuwait; Lebanon; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2007 |
Genetic variability in CYP2A6 and the pharmacokinetics of nicotine.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Genetic Variation; Humans; Kinetics; Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Multigene Family; Nicotine; Racial Groups; Sequence Deletion | 2007 |
Clinical pharmacology of nicotine: implications for understanding, preventing, and treating tobacco addiction.
Topics: Antidepressive Agents; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian; Benzazepines; Black or African American; Bupropion; Cotinine; Cues; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Drug Tolerance; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Harm Reduction; Humans; Menthol; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Neuronal Plasticity; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Reinforcement, Psychology; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States; Varenicline; White People | 2008 |
Methods for quantification of exposure to cigarette smoking and environmental tobacco smoke: focus on developmental toxicology.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Body Fluids; Child; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Developmental Disabilities; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Reproduction; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2009 |
Nicotine chemistry, metabolism, kinetics and biomarkers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tissue Distribution; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2009 |
Death due to ingestion of nicotine-containing solution: case report and review of the literature.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cotinine; Ethanol; Forensic Toxicology; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Strychnine | 2010 |
Systematic review of the relationship between the 3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine ratio and cigarette dependence.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2011 |
Thirdhand tobacco smoke: emerging evidence and arguments for a multidisciplinary research agenda.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Drug Evaluation; Environmental Exposure; Health Policy; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Abuse potential of non-nicotine tobacco smoke components: acetaldehyde, nornicotine, cotinine, and anabasine.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Anabasine; Animals; Cotinine; Dopamine; Humans; Mesencephalon; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2013 |
Intra- and inter-individual variability in urinary nicotine excretion and plasma cotinine in adult cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smoking; Time Factors | 2012 |
[Cotinine--metabolism, application as a biomarker and the effects on the organism].
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Inflammation; Nicotine; Smoke; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2012 |
[Absorption, metabolism and excretion of nicotine in humans].
Topics: Absorption; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Brain; Cotinine; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Mixed Function Oxygenases; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Nicotine; Smoking | 2013 |
Urinary tobacco smoke-constituent biomarkers for assessing risk of lung cancer.
Topics: Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Glucuronides; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Mass Spectrometry; Multivariate Analysis; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Phenanthrenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Prospective Studies; Pyridines; Risk; Risk Assessment; Smoke | 2014 |
Electronic cigarettes and nicotine clinical pharmacology.
Topics: Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
Electronic cigarettes: human health effects.
Topics: Aerosols; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Environmental Exposure; Glycerol; Humans; Nicotine | 2014 |
Symptoms of nicotine toxicity in subjects achieving high cotinine levels during nicotine replacement therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Nicotine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
New Insights into the Mechanisms of Action of Cotinine and its Distinctive Effects from Nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cognition; Cognition Disorders; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2015 |
Maternal medication, drug use, and breastfeeding.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Caffeine; Cotinine; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Prescription Drugs; Risk Assessment; United States | 2015 |
Nicotine-Derived Compounds as Therapeutic Tools Against Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Drug Discovery; Extinction, Psychological; Fear; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic | 2015 |
Tobacco smoking and breastfeeding: Effect on the lactation process, breast milk composition and infant development. A critical review.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Child Development; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Lactation; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Smoking | 2016 |
Interventions to reduce harm from continued tobacco use.
Topics: Biomarkers; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2016 |
Update on thirdhand smoke: A comprehensive systematic review.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Mice; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Smoke; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2018 |
Comparison of nicotine exposure during pregnancy when smoking and abstinent with nicotine replacement therapy: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking Cessation Agents; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2019 |
Biomarkers of Exposure to Secondhand and Thirdhand Tobacco Smoke: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Hair; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2018 |
Evaluation of the distribution of nicotine intravenous injection: an adult autopsy case report with a review of literature.
Topics: Autopsy; Cotinine; Fatal Outcome; Female; Heart Arrest; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Nicotine; Pericardial Fluid; Peritoneal Absorption; Tissue Distribution; Young Adult | 2020 |
Adrenal βarrestin1 targeting for tobacco-associated cardiac dysfunction treatment: Aldosterone production as the mechanistic link.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Aldosterone; beta-Arrestin 1; Cotinine; Heart Diseases; Humans; Molecular Targeted Therapy; Nicotiana; Nicotine | 2019 |
Biochemical Verification of Tobacco Use and Abstinence: 2019 Update.
Topics: Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; United States | 2020 |
The Use of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio as a Biomarker to Personalize Smoking Cessation Treatment: Current Evidence and Future Directions.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Genetic Testing; Genetic Variation; Humans; Implementation Science; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Neoplasms; Nicotine; Precision Medicine; Prevalence; Smokers; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2020 |
Review of HPLC-MS methods for the analysis of nicotine and its active metabolite cotinine in various biological matrices.
Topics: Acetonitriles; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Water | 2022 |
Effect of menthol on nicotine reduction: Pooled results from two double-blind randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Humans; Menthol; Nicotine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2022 |
204 trial(s) available for cotinine and nicotine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Randomised controlled trial of nasal nicotine spray in smoking cessation.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; London; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupations; Outpatient Clinics, Hospital; Psychotherapy, Group; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires | 1992 |
Long-term nicotine substitution after application of a 16-hour nicotine patch in smoking cessation.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking Cessation | 1992 |
Smokeless tobacco abstinence effects and nicotine gum dose.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Reaction Time; Saliva; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1992 |
Signs and symptoms from nicotine gum abstinence.
Topics: Adult; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1991 |
Reduced nicotine exposure and abstinence outcome in two nicotine fading methods.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1991 |
Effect of dose on nicotine's reinforcing, withdrawal-suppression and self-reported effects.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Random Allocation; Saliva; Self Administration; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1990 |
Effect of cimetidine and ranitidine on the hepatic and renal elimination of nicotine in humans.
Topics: Adult; Cimetidine; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Random Allocation; Ranitidine | 1990 |
Human urine mutagenicity study comparing cigarettes which burn or only heat tobacco.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Creatinine; Diet; Female; Histidine; Humans; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mutagenicity Tests; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoking | 1989 |
Cigarette brand-switching: effects on smoke exposure and smoking behavior.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 1988 |
Nicotine gum and behavioral treatment in smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Chewing Gum; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1985 |
Cigarette smoking as a risk for cardiovascular disease V: Biochemical parameters with increased and decreased nicotine content cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Risk; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1984 |
Smokers' behaviour and exposure according to cigarette yield and smoking experience.
Topics: Adult; Behavior; Biomarkers; Carboxyhemoglobin; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mutagens; Nicotine; Smoking | 1995 |
The accuracy of environmental tobacco smoke exposure measures among asthmatic children.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Asthma; Child; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Parents; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1995 |
Varying nicotine patch dose and type of smoking cessation counseling.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1995 |
High-dose nicotine patch therapy. Percentage of replacement and smoking cessation.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1995 |
Nicotine gum, 2 and 4 mg, for nicotine dependence. A double-blind placebo-controlled trial within a behavior modification support program.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Chewing Gum; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Substance-Related Disorders; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 1995 |
Comparison of the pharmacokinetics of two nicotine transdermal systems: nicoderm and habitrol.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine | 1995 |
Immune function in cigarette smokers who quit smoking for 31 days.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Concanavalin A; Cotinine; Cytotoxicity, Immunologic; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunity; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocytes; Male; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Phytohemagglutinins; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1995 |
Deficient C-oxidation of nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking | 1995 |
Flexible effects of quantified cigarette-smoke delivery on EEG dimensional complexity.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nonlinear Dynamics; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Smoking | 1993 |
Pituitary and adrenal hormone responses to pharmacological, physical, and psychological stimulation in habitual smokers and nonsmokers.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Cotinine; Exercise Test; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Nicotine; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Prolactin; Saliva; Smoking; Stress, Psychological | 1994 |
Effectiveness of nicotine patch and nicotine gum as individual versus combined treatments for tobacco withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Chewing Gum; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1993 |
Nicotine or tar titration in cigarette smoking behavior?
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Electrocardiography; Electroencephalography; Electromyography; Electrooculography; Female; Humans; Movement; Nicotine; Regional Blood Flow; Respiration; Smoking; Tars | 1993 |
Transdermal nicotine as maintenance therapy for ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome | 1995 |
Effects of tobacco smoking on the topographic EEG-I.
Topics: Adult; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Cotinine; Electroencephalography; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 1994 |
Effectiveness of a 16-hour transdermal nicotine patch in a medical practice setting, without intensive group counseling.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Cotinine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Double-Blind Method; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Psychotherapy, Group; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 1993 |
Transdermal nicotine for active ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Affect; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Treatment Outcome | 1994 |
Effects of a restricted work-site smoking policy on employees who smoke.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Behavior; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Health; Organizational Policy; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Workplace | 1994 |
Saliva nicotine as an index of plasma levels in nicotine skin patch users.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva | 1993 |
Predicting smoking cessation. Who will quit with and without the nicotine patch.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Confidence Intervals; Cotinine; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Treatment Outcome | 1994 |
Nicotine patch therapy for smoking cessation combined with physician advice and nurse follow-up. One-year outcome and percentage of nicotine replacement.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Nicotine; Nurses; Physician's Role; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Treatment Outcome | 1994 |
Two studies of the clinical effectiveness of the nicotine patch with different counseling treatments.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Counseling; Depression; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Placebos; Psychotherapy, Group; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Treatment Outcome | 1994 |
Lack of effect of cimetidine on cigarette smoking.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cimetidine; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1993 |
Steady-state pharmacokinetics and dose relationship of nicotine delivered from Nicoderm (Nicotine Transdermal System).
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Half-Life; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine | 1993 |
Single- and multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of Nicoderm (Nicotine Transdermal System).
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1993 |
Predictors and reasons for relapse in smoking cessation with nicotine and placebo patches.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Chi-Square Distribution; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Forecasting; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Nicotine; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Patient Compliance; Placebos; Prospective Studies; Regression Analysis; Saliva; Self-Assessment; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Weight Gain | 1993 |
Recycling with nicotine patches in smoking cessation.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Recurrence; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1993 |
Comparison of the nicotine pharmacokinetics of Nicoderm (nicotine transdermal system) and half-hourly cigarette smoking.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Skin Absorption; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors | 1995 |
Effects of short-term use of nicotine gum in pregnant smokers.
Topics: Adult; Chewing Gum; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate, Fetal; Hemodynamics; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking | 1996 |
Importance of baseline cotinine plasma values in smoking cessation: results from a double-blind study with nicotine patch.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1996 |
High dose transdermal nicotine therapy for heavy smokers: safety, tolerability and measurement of nicotine and cotinine levels.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Skin Diseases; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1995 |
Menthol and nonmenthol cigarettes and smoke exposure in black and white women.
Topics: Adult; Black People; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Racial Groups; Respiratory Mechanics; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; White People | 1996 |
Transdermal nicotine compared with oral prednisolone therapy for active ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Prednisolone; Sigmoidoscopy; Treatment Outcome | 1996 |
Nicotine patch therapy in adolescent smokers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Minnesota; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Urban Population | 1996 |
Effects of transdermal nicotine delivery on measures of acute nicotine withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electroencephalography; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Psychomotor Performance; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1996 |
Transdermal nicotine for mildly to moderately active ulcerative colitis. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Dermatitis, Contact; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nicotine; Placebos; Remission Induction | 1997 |
Sources of variability in nicotine and cotinine levels with use of nicotine nasal spray, transdermal nicotine, and cigarette smoking.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biological Availability; Cotinine; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1997 |
Bioavailability and absorption kinetics of nicotine following application of a transdermal system.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Biological Availability; Cotinine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Skin Absorption; Smoking | 1993 |
The in-vitro effects of nicotine and cotinine on sperm motility.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotine; Sperm Motility; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1997 |
Cotinine effects on nicotine metabolism.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reference Values | 1997 |
Nicotine tartrate liquid enemas for mildly to moderately active left-sided ulcerative colitis unresponsive to first-line therapy: a pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Diarrhea; Dizziness; Enema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Salvage Therapy | 1997 |
Nicotine nasal spray for smoking cessation: pattern of use, side effects, relief of withdrawal symptoms, and cotinine levels.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Aged; Body Weight; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Mucosa; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 1998 |
Cotinine: effects with and without nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adult; Affect; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
Aiding reduction of smoking with nicotine replacement medications: hope for the recalcitrant smoker?
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1997 |
Application of serum nicotine and plasma cotinine concentrations to assessment of nicotine replacement in light, moderate, and heavy smokers undergoing transdermal therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1998 |
Application of urine nicotine and cotinine excretion rates to assessment of nicotine replacement in light, moderate, and heavy smokers undergoing transdermal therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1998 |
Nicotine and cotinine replacement when nicotine nasal spray is used to quit smoking.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Aerosols; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking Cessation | 1998 |
Effects of cotinine on cigarette self-administration.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Extinction, Psychological; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Self Administration; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1998 |
Nicotine carbomer enemas--pharmacokinetics of a revised formulation.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adult; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Drug Carriers; Enema; Female; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Nicotine; Polyvinyls | 1998 |
Transdermal nicotine inhibits interleukin 2 synthesis by mononuclear cells derived from healthy volunteers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Female; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-10; Interleukin-13; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Leukotriene B4; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phytohemagglutinins; Smoking Cessation; Thromboxane B2; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 1998 |
A further study of FTC yield and nicotine absorption in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Patient Selection; Saliva; Smoking; United States; United States Federal Trade Commission | 1998 |
A new gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method for simultaneous determination of total and free trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and cotinine in the urine of subjects receiving transdermal nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1999 |
Clinical evaluation of a new A.S. mouth wash 881010 as an antismoking agent: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouthwashes; Nicotine; Placebos; Silver Nitrate; Smoking Cessation | 1999 |
Oral nicotine in treatment of primary sclerosing cholangitis: a pilot study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cholangitis, Sclerosing; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Time Factors | 1999 |
Cotinine replacement levels for a 21 mg/day transdermal nicotine patch in an outpatient treatment setting.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Cholinergic Agents; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Sex Factors; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome | 1999 |
Randomized comparative trial of nicotine polacrilex, a transdermal patch, nasal spray, and an inhaler.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 1999 |
Intra-luminal nicotine reduces smooth muscle tone and contractile activity in the distal large bowel.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enema; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Tonus; Muscle, Smooth; Nicotine; Saliva; Sigmoidoscopy | 1999 |
Ethnic differences in N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Biotransformation; Black People; Body Composition; Cotinine; Female; Glucuronides; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; White People | 1999 |
An oral formulation of nicotine for release and absorption in the colon: its development and pharmacokinetics.
Topics: Absorption; Acrylic Resins; Administration, Oral; Adult; Capsules; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Delayed-Action Preparations; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Glycerides; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotine; Polyvinyls; Protease Inhibitors; Time Factors | 1999 |
The effect of ascorbic acid supplementation on the nicotine metabolism of smokers.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Ascorbic Acid; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Time Factors | 1999 |
EEG, physiology, and task-related mood fail to resolve across 31 days of smoking abstinence: relations to depressive traits, nicotine exposure, and dependence.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Alpha Rhythm; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Depressive Disorder; Electroencephalography; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Theta Rhythm | 1999 |
Use of the nicotine patch by pregnant women.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1999 |
Nicotine patch therapy in 101 adolescent smokers: efficacy, withdrawal symptom relief, and carbon monoxide and plasma cotinine levels.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 2000 |
Deficient cotinine formation from nicotine is attributed to the whole deletion of the CYP2A6 gene in humans.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Gene Deletion; Genotype; Humans; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reference Values; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Smoking | 2000 |
Acute effects of nicotine infusion on platelets in nicotine users with normal and impaired renal function.
Topics: beta-Thromboglobulin; Blood Platelets; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Fibrinogen; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; P-Selectin; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Factor 4; Renal Insufficiency; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; von Willebrand Factor | 2000 |
Nicotine-mecamylamine interactions.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Mecamylamine; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Smoking; Time Factors | 2000 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine in kidney failure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Cotinine; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Peritoneal Dialysis, Continuous Ambulatory; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking | 2000 |
Long-term effects of nicotine gum on weight gain after smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gingiva; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Weight Gain | 1999 |
Bromocriptine reduces cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Bromocriptine; Cotinine; Dopamine Agonists; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mood Disorders; Nausea; Nicotine; Self Disclosure; Smoking Cessation | 2000 |
Smoking cessation with four nicotine replacement regimes in a lung clinic.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Proportional Hazards Models; Smoking Cessation; Spirometry; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Treatment Outcome | 2000 |
Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine: disposition kinetics, effects and plasma levels during cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Cotinine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tissue Distribution | 2001 |
Nicotine metabolism and CYP2D6 phenotype in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Female; Genetic Markers; Genotype; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Reference Values; Risk Assessment; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2001 |
Assessment of prenatal smoke exposure by determining nicotine and its metabolites in maternal and neonatal urine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2001 |
Transdermal nicotine and haloperidol in Tourette's disorder: a double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Antipsychotic Agents; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Haloperidol; Humans; Nicotine; Placebos; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index; Tourette Syndrome; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
Short-term effects of transdermal nicotine on acute tissue plasminogen activator release in vivo in man.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Antigens; Brachial Artery; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Endothelium, Vascular; Fibrinolysis; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nitroprusside; Plethysmography; Regional Blood Flow; Substance P; Time Factors; Tissue Plasminogen Activator; Vasodilator Agents | 2001 |
Identification of tobacco-derived compounds in human pancreatic juice.
Topics: Carcinogens; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pancreatic Juice; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Smoking | 2002 |
Cardiovascular effects of nasal and transdermal nicotine and cigarette smoking.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Blood Coagulation; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Catecholamines; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Renin; Risk Factors; Skin; Smoking | 2002 |
Modulating tobacco smoking rates by dopaminergic stimulation and blockade.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breath Tests; Bromocriptine; Carbon Dioxide; Cotinine; Dopamine Antagonists; Double-Blind Method; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2002 |
Effects of cigarette smoking and nicotine nasal spray on psychiatric symptoms and cognition in schizophrenia.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Cognition; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Schizophrenia; Smoking; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Contingent monetary reinforcement of smoking reductions, with and without transdermal nicotine, in outpatients with schizophrenia.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Motivation; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reinforcement, Psychology; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Cessation | 2002 |
Smokers deprived of cigarettes for 72 h: effect of nicotine patches on craving and withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Nicotine; Random Allocation; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2002 |
Acute effects of cigarettes in non-deprived smokers on memory, calculation and executive functions.
Topics: Adult; Cognition; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Psychomotor Performance; Smoking | 2002 |
Clinical phenotyping strategies in selection of tobacco smokers for future genotyping studies.
Topics: Adult; Algorithms; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Phenotype; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2002 |
Cotinine excretion (tobacco smoke biomarker) of smokers and non-smokers: comparison of GC/MS and RIA results.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Life Style; Male; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 2002 |
Nicotine patches and the subjective effects of cigarette smoking: a pilot study.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Psychotropic Drugs; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2002 |
Comparison of the effects of combined nicotine replacement therapy vs. cigarette smoking in males.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous; Carbon Monoxide; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Patient Compliance; Recurrence; Risk Factors; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiocyanates; Triglycerides | 2003 |
Lack of effect of 5HT3 antagonist in mediating subjective and behavioral responses to cotinine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Behavior; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Granisetron; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Patient Compliance; Receptors, Serotonin, 5-HT3; Serotonin Antagonists; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Cessation; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Multimodal intervention raises smoking cessation rate during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Counseling; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Care; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio as a predictor of cigarette consumption.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Predictive Value of Tests; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2003 |
A randomised clinical trial of nicotine patches for treatment of spit tobacco addiction among adolescents.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Cotinine; Counseling; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Saliva; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless; Treatment Outcome | 2003 |
Use of nicotine patches in breast-feeding mothers: transfer of nicotine and cotinine into human milk.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Breast Feeding; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2003 |
Tolerability and pharmacokinetics of single and repeated doses of nicotine with The Straw, a novel nicotine replacement product.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Prevention | 2004 |
Intervention to reduce environmental tobacco smoke exposure in Latino children: null effects on hair biomarkers and parent reports.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Cotinine; Counseling; Environmental Exposure; Female; Hair; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Parents; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
Individualizing nicotine replacement therapy for the treatment of tobacco dependence: a randomized trial.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Behavior Therapy; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Obesity; Smoking Cessation; Socioeconomic Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Mentholated cigarette smoking inhibits nicotine metabolism.
Topics: Adult; Antipruritics; Black or African American; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; White People | 2004 |
Smoking behaviour and toxin exposure during six weeks use of a potential reduced exposure product: Omni.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Consumer Behavior; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoke; Smoking; Toxins, Biological | 2004 |
Changes in hemorheological and biochemical parameters following short-term and long-term smoking cessation induced by nicotine replacement therapy (NRT).
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Blood Viscosity; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Erythrocyte Deformability; Fibrinogen; Gingiva; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Thiocyanates | 2004 |
Nicotine exposure in breastfed infants.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Smoking; Sweden; Tobacco, Smokeless; Weight Gain | 2004 |
Clinical correlation between the consumption of nicotine and cotinine concentrations in urine and serum by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2004 |
Effects of smoking cessation and reduction in asthmatics.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Anti-Asthmatic Agents; Asthma; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Chi-Square Distribution; Cotinine; Denmark; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thiocyanates; Time Factors | 2005 |
Effects of medicinal herb tea on the smoking cessation and reducing smoking withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Antioxidants; Beverages; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Taste; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
Real-life environmental tobacco exposure does not affect exhaled nitric oxide levels in asthmatic children.
Topics: Asthma; Child; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nitric Oxide; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
Characterization of novel CYP2A6 polymorphic alleles (CYP2A6*18 and CYP2A6*19) that affect enzymatic activity.
Topics: Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Escherichia coli; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Kinetics; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Substrate Specificity; Tegafur; Transformation, Bacterial; White People | 2005 |
A randomised-controlled pilot study using nicotine patches with pregnant women.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Patient Compliance; Patient Dropouts; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Effects of nicotine nasal spray on cognitive function in schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Antipsychotic Agents; Attention; Blood Pressure; Carbon Monoxide; Cognition; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Smoking; Space Perception | 2006 |
Nicotine metabolism in healthy smokers and patients with cardiovascular diseases.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Health; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 2005 |
Smoking reduction treatment with 4-mg nicotine gum: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Patient Compliance; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Thiocyanates; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence-Smokeless Tobacco (FTND-ST).
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychometrics; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2006 |
The reinforcing effects of nicotine and stimulant medication in the everyday lives of adult smokers with ADHD: A preliminary examination.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity; Carbon Monoxide; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Demography; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Methylphenidate; Nicotine; Prevalence; Reinforcement, Psychology; Saliva; Smoking | 2006 |
High-dose nicotine patch therapy for smokers with a history of alcohol dependence: 36-week outcomes.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Alcoholism; Cotinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Odds Ratio; Predictive Value of Tests; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Female sex and oral contraceptive use accelerate nicotine metabolism.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Area Under Curve; Cohort Studies; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Cotinine; Deuterium; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Menopause; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Sex Factors; Smoking; Twins | 2006 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts efficacy of transdermal nicotine for smoking cessation.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Liver; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Comprehensive evaluation of variability in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 polymorphic alleles in four ethnic populations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; Black People; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Japan; Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sex Factors; Time Factors; White People | 2006 |
Smoking hygiene: reducing infant exposure to tobacco.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Health Behavior; Humans; Infant; Infant Welfare; Milk, Human; Models, Nursing; Models, Psychological; Mothers; New Mexico; Nicotine; Nursing Evaluation Research; Ohio; Patient Compliance; Patient Education as Topic; Pilot Projects; Risk Reduction Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Wyoming | 2006 |
Multiple-dose pharmacokinetics of the selective nicotinic receptor partial agonist, varenicline, in healthy smokers.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Benzazepines; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Half-Life; Headache; Humans; Hypotension, Orthostatic; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nicotine; Patient Dropouts; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Tablets; Varenicline; Vomiting | 2006 |
CYP2A6 genotype and the metabolism and disposition kinetics of nicotine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Deuterium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gene Frequency; Glucuronides; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Isoenzymes; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Time Factors; Twins | 2006 |
Effect of grapefruit juice on cytochrome P450 2A6 and nicotine renal clearance.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Beverages; Citrus paradisi; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Deuterium; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Glucuronides; Half-Life; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine | 2006 |
Nicotine exposure alters in vivo human responses to endotoxin.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cytokines; E-Selectin; Endotoxins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Inflammation; Lipopolysaccharides; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Prospective Studies | 2007 |
Nicotine intake and dose response when smoking reduced-nicotine content cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Skin Temperature; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2006 |
Galantamine reduces smoking in alcohol-dependent patients: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Alcoholism; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Galantamine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Sex Factors; Skin Diseases; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Population pharmacokinetics of nicotine and its metabolites I. Model development.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biological Availability; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Deuterium; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Liver; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Population Surveillance; Predictive Value of Tests; Reference Values; Saliva | 2007 |
In vivo evaluation of coumarin and nicotine as probe drugs to predict the metabolic capacity of CYP2A6 due to genetic polymorphism in Thais.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Anticoagulants; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Coumarins; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Drug Combinations; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Hydroxyethylrutoside; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phenotype; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polyvinyls; Thailand; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Umbelliferones | 2006 |
Effects of acute abstinence, reinstatement, and mecamylamine on biochemical and behavioral measures of cigarette smoking in schizophrenia.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Cotinine; Demography; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Prevalence; Psychotic Disorders; Receptors, Nicotinic; Recurrence; Schizophrenia; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2007 |
Identification of novel CYP2A6*1B variants: the CYP2A6*1B allele is associated with faster in vivo nicotine metabolism.
Topics: 3' Flanking Region; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Base Sequence; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Deuterium; Gene Frequency; Genetic Linkage; Genotype; Glucuronates; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sequence Alignment; Substrate Specificity | 2008 |
Respiratory retention of nicotine and urinary excretion of nicotine and its five major metabolites in adult male smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Biotransformation; Breath Tests; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Glucuronates; Half-Life; Humans; Inhalation; Lung; Male; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2007 |
Pilot study on lower nitrosamine smokeless tobacco products compared with medicinal nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Harm Reduction; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pilot Projects; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Research Design; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2007 |
A 12-month, randomized, controlled study to evaluate exposure and cardiovascular risk factors in adult smokers switching from conventional cigarettes to a second-generation electrically heated cigarette smoking system.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Risk Factors; Smoking; Thromboxane B2 | 2008 |
In vivo versus in vitro airway surface liquid nicotine levels following cigarette smoke exposure.
Topics: Bronchi; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoke; Sputum | 2008 |
A randomized trial of nicotine nasal spray in adolescent smokers.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adolescent; Air; Breath Tests; California; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Counseling; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Retrospective Studies; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Neonatal hair nicotine levels and fetal exposure to paternal smoking at home.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical; Korea; Male; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Paternal Behavior; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2008 |
Nicotine gum for pregnant smokers: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Birth Weight; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Counseling; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prospective Studies; Smoking Cessation | 2008 |
Potential reduced exposure products (PREPs) for smokeless tobacco users: clinical evaluation methodology.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Harm Reduction; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2008 |
Minocycline reduced craving for cigarettes but did not affect smoking or intravenous nicotine responses in humans.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Anti-Infective Agents; Attention; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Minocycline; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Psychomotor Performance; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2009 |
Effects of smoking on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of a nicotine patch.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Female; Half-Life; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Young Adult | 2008 |
Randomized trial assessing the effectiveness of a pharmacist-delivered program for smoking cessation.
Topics: Bupropion; Community Pharmacy Services; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2009 |
Association of nicotine metabolite ratio and CYP2A6 genotype with smoking cessation treatment in African-American light smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Black or African American; Body Mass Index; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Double-Blind Method; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking Cessation | 2009 |
Changes in the relative reinforcing effects of cigarette smoking as a function of initial abstinence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Choice Behavior; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pain Measurement; Reinforcement Schedule; Reinforcement, Psychology; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2009 |
Family support and employment as predictors of smoking cessation success: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of nicotine sublingual tablets in chinese smokers.
Topics: Administration, Sublingual; Adult; Carbon Monoxide; China; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Family Relations; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Social Support; Workplace | 2009 |
Effects of nicotine patch or nasal spray on nicotine and cotinine concentrations in pregnant smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking Cessation; Young Adult | 2009 |
Varenicline attenuates some of the subjective and physiological effects of intravenous nicotine in humans.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Benzazepines; Blood Pressure; Cognition Disorders; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Quinoxalines; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome; Varenicline | 2009 |
Smoking cessation or reduction with nicotine replacement therapy: a placebo-controlled double blind trial with nicotine gum and inhaler.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nebulizers and Vaporizers; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2009 |
Effects of nicotine on cytochrome P450 2A6 and 2E1 activities.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chlorzoxazone; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Drug Interactions; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Single-Blind Method; Smoking; Young Adult | 2010 |
Effect of oral snus and medicinal nicotine in smokers on toxicant exposure and withdrawal symptoms: a feasibility study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco, Smokeless; Young Adult | 2011 |
Treating heavy smokers in primary care with the nicotine nasal spray: randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; England; Family Practice; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nasal Sprays; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Odds Ratio; Patient Education as Topic; Recurrence; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2011 |
Adjustment of nicotine replacement therapies according to saliva cotinine concentration: the ADONIS* trial-a randomized study in smokers with medical comorbidities.
Topics: Administration, Buccal; Cardiovascular Diseases; Comorbidity; Cotinine; Counseling; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; France; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Recurrence; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Socioeconomic Factors; Statistics as Topic; Transdermal Patch | 2011 |
Design, baseline characteristics, and retention of African American light smokers into a randomized trial involving biological data.
Topics: Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Black or African American; Bupropion; Cotinine; Counseling; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Female; Genotype; Health Behavior; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Kansas; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Nicotine; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Patient Education as Topic; Patient Selection; Phenotype; Recurrence; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome | 2011 |
Effect of mint drink on metabolism of nicotine as measured by nicotine to cotinine ratio in urine of Jordanian smoking volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Beverages; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Drinking Behavior; Female; Humans; Jordan; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mentha piperita; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Young Adult | 2011 |
A study to evaluate the effect on Mouth Level Exposure and biomarkers of exposure estimates of cigarette smoke exposure following a forced switch to a lower ISO tar yield cigarette.
Topics: Acrolein; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Filtration; Germany; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyrenes; Saliva; Smoke; Smoking; Tars; Young Adult | 2011 |
A randomized trial of air cleaners and a health coach to improve indoor air quality for inner-city children with asthma and secondhand smoke exposure.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Asthma; Chi-Square Distribution; Child; Cotinine; Female; Filtration; Health Education; Housing; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Maryland; Nicotine; Particle Size; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Urban Population; Ventilation | 2011 |
Rapid nicotine clearance is associated with greater reward and heart rate increases from intravenous nicotine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Chi-Square Distribution; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Single-Blind Method; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2012 |
Dose-independent kinetics with low level exposure to nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine | 2013 |
High dose transdermal nicotine for fast metabolizers of nicotine: a proof of concept placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guideline Adherence; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Placebos | 2013 |
Effects of 21 days of varenicline versus placebo on smoking behaviors and urges among non-treatment seeking smokers.
Topics: Adult; alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Behavior, Addictive; Benzazepines; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Pennsylvania; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Varenicline; Young Adult | 2012 |
Nicotine facilitates memory consolidation in perceptual learning.
Topics: Adult; Alpha Rhythm; Biotransformation; Chewing Gum; Cholinergic Neurons; Cotinine; Discrimination Learning; Humans; Male; Memory; Memory, Long-Term; Memory, Short-Term; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nootropic Agents; Pattern Recognition, Visual; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Reaction Time; Saliva; Young Adult | 2013 |
Effects of nicotine on social cognition, social competence and self-reported stress in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cognition Disorders; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Report; Smoking; Social Behavior; Statistics as Topic; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult | 2013 |
Dose-response effects of spectrum research cigarettes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Demography; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Young Adult | 2013 |
Nicotine enhances antisaccade performance in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Electrooculography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reaction Time; Saccades; Schizophrenia; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Young Adult | 2013 |
Stability of the nicotine metabolite ratio in smokers of progressively reduced nicotine content cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; California; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Tobacco Products | 2013 |
Nicotine alters food-cue reactivity via networks extending from the hypothalamus.
Topics: Adult; Amygdala; Appetite; Basal Ganglia; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Cues; Double-Blind Method; Female; Glucose Tolerance Test; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Neural Pathways; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Photic Stimulation; Prefrontal Cortex | 2013 |
Good relationship between saliva cotinine kinetics and plasma cotinine kinetics after smoking one cigarette.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2013 |
Nicotine dependence and biochemical exposure measures in the second trimester of pregnancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; England; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2014 |
Factors associated with smoking cessation in early and late pregnancy in the smoking, nicotine, and pregnancy trial: a trial of nicotine replacement therapy.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Logistic Models; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Young Adult | 2014 |
Semipermeable membrane dressings can be used with the nicotine transdermal system and do not interfere with nicotine absorption.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Bandages; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Drug Carriers; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Skin Absorption; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2013 |
Comparison of cotinine levels in pregnant women while smoking and when using nicotine replacement therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Young Adult | 2014 |
Cigarettes with different nicotine levels affect sensory perception and levels of biomarkers of exposure in adult smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Perception; Pilot Projects; Pyrenes; Pyridines; Smoking; Tars; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2014 |
Effectiveness of motivational interviewing to reduce head start children's secondhand smoke exposure. a randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Biomarkers; Caregivers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Early Intervention, Educational; Female; Health Education; Health Promotion; Humans; Infant; Male; Models, Statistical; Motivational Interviewing; Nicotine; Outcome Assessment, Health Care; Saliva; Self Report; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2014 |
A cross-sectional analysis of candidate biomarkers of biological effect in smokers, never-smokers and ex-smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dinoprost; Erythrocytes; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Lipoproteins, LDL; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Young Adult | 2014 |
Comparison of consumption patterns, biomarkers of exposure, and subjective effects in cigarette smokers who switched to dissolvable tobacco (Camel Orbs), dual use, or tobacco abstinence.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Biomarkers; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2014 |
Known and novel sources of variability in the nicotine metabolite ratio in a large sample of treatment-seeking smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genotype; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Predictive Value of Tests; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
Reduced nicotine cigarettes: smoking behavior and biomarkers of exposure among smokers not intending to quit.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pyrenes; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2014 |
Greater reductions in nicotine exposure while smoking very low nicotine content cigarettes predict smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Effectiveness of the electronic cigarette: An eight-week Flemish study with six-month follow-up on smoking reduction, craving and experienced benefits and complaints.
Topics: Adult; Belgium; Biomarkers; Carbon Dioxide; Cotinine; Craving; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2014 |
Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Metabolism, and the Extent of Compensation in Response to Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States | 2015 |
Use of the nicotine metabolite ratio as a genetically informed biomarker of response to nicotine patch or varenicline for smoking cessation: a randomised, double-blind placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Treatment Outcome; Varenicline | 2015 |
The Nicotine Metabolite Ratio in Pregnancy Measured by trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine to Cotinine Ratio: Characteristics and Relationship With Smoking Cessation.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2015 |
Test-Retest Reliability and Stability of the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Among Treatment-Seeking Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Reproducibility of Results; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
Nicotine Metabolite Ratio Is Associated With Lozenge Use But Not Quitting in Smokeless Tobacco Users.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Tobacco Use Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless; Young Adult | 2016 |
Randomised clinical trial of snus versus medicinal nicotine among smokers interested in product switching.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biomarkers; Chewing Gum; Consumer Behavior; Cotinine; Female; Glucuronides; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minnesota; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines; Oregon; Pyridines; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless; Treatment Outcome; Urinalysis | 2016 |
Effect of reducing the nicotine content of cigarettes on cigarette smoking behavior and tobacco smoke toxicant exposure: 2-year follow up.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2015 |
A comparative evaluation of self-report and biological measures of cigarette use in nondaily smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2016 |
Fetal exposure to tobacco: nicotine and cotinine concentration in amniotic fluid and maternal saliva.
Topics: Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2017 |
Racial differences in the relationship between rate of nicotine metabolism and nicotine intake from cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Products; White People | 2016 |
A Randomized Controlled Trial of Progressively Reduced Nicotine Content Cigarettes on Smoking Behaviors, Biomarkers of Exposure, and Subjective Ratings.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Products | 2016 |
Electronic cigarettes increase endothelial progenitor cells in the blood of healthy volunteers.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Biomarkers; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Consumer Product Safety; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Endothelial Progenitor Cells; Exhalation; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Inflammation Mediators; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitric Oxide; Phenotype; Risk Assessment; Sweden; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2016 |
A two-site, two-arm, 34-week, double-blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial of reduced nicotine cigarettes in smokers with mood and/or anxiety disorders: trial design and protocol.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Clinical Protocols; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Massachusetts; Mood Disorders; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines; Oxidative Stress; Pennsylvania; Pyrenes; Pyridines; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Young Adult | 2017 |
A randomized clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of contingency management for treatment of waterpipe tobacco addiction.
Topics: Adult; Behavior Therapy; Behavior, Addictive; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reward; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Substance Abuse Detection; Tobacco, Waterpipe; Treatment Outcome; Water Pipe Smoking | 2018 |
Pregnancy-Induced Increases in the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio: Examining Changes During Antepartum and Postpartum.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2019 |
Exercise performance increase in smokeless tobacco-user athletes after overnight nicotine abstinence.
Topics: Athletes; Athletic Performance; Cotinine; Exercise; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Tobacco, Smokeless; Young Adult | 2019 |
Detoxification effects of aloe polysaccharide and propolis on the urinary excretion of metabolites in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aloe; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Polysaccharides; Propolis; Smoking; Young Adult | 2019 |
Evaluation of nicotine patch adherence measurement using self-report and saliva cotinine among abstainers in a smoking cessation trial.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Medication Adherence; Middle Aged; Nicotine; ROC Curve; Saliva; Self Report; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2020 |
Racial disparities in intensity of smoke exposure and nicotine intake among low-dependence smokers.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Carbon Monoxide; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Race Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder; White People | 2021 |
Cotinine levels influence the risk of rupture of brain aneurysms.
Topics: Aneurysm, Ruptured; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Intracranial Aneurysm; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2022 |
The effect of three-part breathing exercise on smoking cessation: A 6-month cluster-randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Breathing Exercises; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Quality of Life; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thailand | 2022 |
The effects of reduced nicotine content cigarettes on biomarkers of nicotine and toxicant exposure, smoking behavior and psychiatric symptoms in smokers with mood or anxiety disorders: A double-blind randomized trial.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety Disorders; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Nicotine; Smokers; Smoking; Tobacco Products | 2022 |
1332 other study(ies) available for cotinine and nicotine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Predictive three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship of cytochrome P450 1A2 inhibitors.
Topics: Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2 Inhibitors; Enzyme Inhibitors; Lactones; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Naphthalenes; Oxazines; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Quinolines | 2005 |
Air to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and blood to lung partition coefficients for volatile organic compounds and drugs.
Topics: Air; Animals; Humans; Lung; Organic Chemicals; Probability; Rats; Tissue Distribution; Volatilization | 2008 |
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Infusions, Intravenous; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding | 2008 |
Physicochemical space for optimum oral bioavailability: contribution of human intestinal absorption and first-pass elimination.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Pharmaceutical Preparations | 2010 |
Exploration of natural compounds as sources of new bifunctional scaffolds targeting cholinesterases and beta amyloid aggregation: the case of chelerythrine.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Benzophenanthridines; Binding Sites; Butyrylcholinesterase; Catalytic Domain; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Humans; Isoquinolines; Kinetics; Molecular Docking Simulation; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2012 |
Evaluation of nicotine and cotinine analogs as potential neuroprotective agents for Alzheimer's disease.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Humans; Neurons; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 2014 |
Accumulation of nicotine in the uterine fluid of the six-day pregnant rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Blastocyst; Blood Proteins; Body Fluids; Caffeine; Cotinine; DDT; Embryonic Development; Estradiol; Estrogens; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Progesterone; Protein Binding; Rabbits; Time Factors; Uterus | 1976 |
Detection by radioimmunoassay of nicotinamide nucleotide analogues in tissues of rabbits injected with nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Animals; Antibody Specificity; Cotinine; Haptens; NAD; NADP; Nicotinamide Mononucleotide; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay | 1977 |
In vivo and in vitro alteration of nicotine metabolism by the major metabolite of phenytoin.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Phenytoin; Rats; Time Factors | 1978 |
Nicotinamide nucleotide analogues of nicotine and cotinine--enzymic studies.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Drug Stability; In Vitro Techniques; Microsomes, Liver; NAD; Nicotine; Nucleotides; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay | 1977 |
Nicotine and cotinine in breast fluid.
Topics: Body Fluids; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Time Factors | 1979 |
On the action of nicotine and cotinine on central 5-hydroxytryptamine neurons.
Topics: Amides; Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Fenfluramine; Male; Mecamylamine; Neurons; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Receptors, Serotonin; Reflex; Serotonin | 1979 |
Verification of smoking history in patients after infarction using urinary nicotine and cotinine measurements.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Medical History Taking; Myocardial Infarction; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Time Factors | 1979 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine in adult and infant mice.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Myocardium; Nicotine; Time Factors; Tremor | 1977 |
Gas-liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1978 |
Nicotine in breast fluid of nonlactating women.
Topics: Body Fluids; Breast; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 1978 |
Absorption of nicotine from small cigars.
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Respiration; Smoking; Time Factors | 1978 |
Conjugate of nicotine and cotinine to bovine serum albumin.
Topics: Cotinine; Methods; Nicotine; Protein Binding; Pyrrolidinones; Serum Albumin, Bovine | 1978 |
Influence of route of administration on metabolism of [14C]nicotine in four species.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Cats; Cotinine; Female; Haplorhini; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Nicotine; Rabbits; Rats; Saimiri; Species Specificity | 1975 |
The metabolism of (14C)nicotine by isolated rhesus monkey hepatocytes in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Haplorhini; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Macaca mulatta; Nicotine; Time Factors | 1976 |
Rapid analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the urine of smokers by isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Methods; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1977 |
The effects of some tobacco smoke constituents on foreign compound metabolism in the cat and the rat.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Atmosphere; Carbon Monoxide; Catheterization; Cats; Cotinine; Female; Femoral Vein; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Subcutaneous; Kidney; Lung; Male; Methylcholanthrene; Microsomes; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phenobarbital; Rats; Time Factors | 1977 |
The effect of nicotine on central catecholamine neurons and gonadotropin secretion. I. Studies in the male rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Dopamine; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Mecamylamine; Neurons; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Prolactin; Rats | 1977 |
The effect of nicotine on central catecholamine neurons and gonadotropin secretion. III. Studies on prepubertal female rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Dopamine; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Gonadotropins, Equine; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Luteinizing Hormone; Neurons; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Ovulation; Prolactin; Rats; Sexual Maturation | 1977 |
[Nicotine metabolism in the pig (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Female; Male; Nicotine; Sex Factors; Swine; Time Factors | 1976 |
Uptake and metabolism of nicotine by the isolated perfused rabbit lung.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; In Vitro Techniques; Lung; Male; Nicotine; Rabbits; Smoking; Time Factors | 1976 |
[On the problem of passive smoking (author's transl)].
Topics: Air Pollution; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Germany, West; Legislation, Medical; Nicotine; Odorants; Public Health; Smoking; Time Factors | 1976 |
Nicotine induced tremor and antidiuresis and brain nicotine levels in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Arecoline; Brain; Cotinine; Depression, Chemical; Diuresis; Drug Interactions; Kidney; Liver; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Rats; Time Factors; Tremor | 1975 |
Metabolism of nicotine by the isolated perfused dog lung.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dogs; Lung; Nicotine; Perfusion; Smoking | 1975 |
Absorption and metabolism of nicotine from cigarettes.
Topics: Absorption; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 1975 |
Disposition of nicotine in the rat after intravenous administration.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Injections, Intravenous; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1976 |
Examination of antithyroid effects of smoking products in cultured thyroid follicles: only thiocyanate is a potent antithyroid agent.
Topics: Animals; Antithyroid Agents; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cyclic AMP; Hypothyroidism; Iodine; Iodine Radioisotopes; Monoiodotyrosine; Nicotine; Smoking; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Swine; Thiocyanates; Thyroid Gland; Thyroid Hormones; Thyrotropin | 1992 |
A physiologically based pharmacokinetic model for nicotine and cotinine in man.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Software | 1992 |
Simultaneous determination of cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in human serum by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1992 |
Gas chromatographic analysis of nicotine and cotinine in hair.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results | 1992 |
(S)- and (R)-[11C]nicotine and the metabolite (R/S)-[11C]cotinine. Preparation, metabolite studies and in vivo distribution in the human brain using PET.
Topics: Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Quality Control; Stereoisomerism; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 1992 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine and cotinine after application of two different nicotine patches under steady state conditions.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Therapeutic Equivalency | 1992 |
Electron-impact and chemical ionization detection of nicotine and cotinine by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in rat plasma and brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1992 |
Pharmacokinetic disposition of multiple-dose transdermal nicotine in healthy adult smokers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Electrocardiography; Half-Life; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Skin Absorption; Smoking | 1992 |
Liquid-chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine from test-persons of environmental surveys.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1992 |
A time series investigation of three nicotine regulation models.
Topics: Adult; Attitude to Health; Behavior, Addictive; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Models, Statistical; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1992 |
Smoking habits in relapsed subjects from a smoking cessation trial after one year.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Recurrence; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1992 |
Relationship between smoking status and serum lipids in a hyperlipidemic population and analysis of possible confounding factors.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Cotinine; Diet; Humans; Hyperlipidemias; Lipids; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1992 |
How the steady-state cotinine concentration in cigarette smokers is directly related to nicotine intake.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Smoking | 1992 |
Sympathoadrenal contribution to nicotinic and muscarinic modulation of bradykinin-induced plasma extravasation in the knee joint of the rat.
Topics: Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Bradykinin; Carbachol; Cotinine; Injections, Subcutaneous; Knee Joint; Male; Nicotine; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1992 |
Smokeless tobacco, cardiovascular risk factors, and nicotine and cotinine levels in professional baseball players.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Arizona; Baseball; Black or African American; Caffeine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol; Cholesterol, HDL; Cotinine; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Hypertension; Leukocyte Count; Nicotine; Occupations; Plants, Toxic; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless; White People | 1992 |
Human avoidance responding with added point loss: effects of tobacco and abstinence.
Topics: Adult; Avoidance Learning; Carbon Monoxide; Chewing Gum; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Reinforcement Schedule; Reward; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Spirometry | 1992 |
Evaluation of nicotine and cotinine in human hair.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Child; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1992 |
Interference with renal organic cation transport by (-)- and (+)-nicotine at concentrations documented in plasma of habitual tobacco smokers.
Topics: Amantadine; Animals; Cimetidine; Cotinine; Humans; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Tubules; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoking; Stereoisomerism | 1992 |
Effects of smoking abstinence and chain-smoking on puffing topography and diurnal nicotine exposure.
Topics: Adult; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1992 |
Arterial blood nicotine concentration and coronary vasoconstrictive effect of low-nicotine cigarette smoking.
Topics: Cardiac Catheterization; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Vessels; Cotinine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Vasoconstriction | 1992 |
Ethnic differences in nicotine exposure.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Racial Groups; Smoking | 1992 |
Dietary nicotine: a source of urinary cotinine.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Tea; Vegetables | 1991 |
Nicotine yield as determinant of smoke exposure indicators and puffing behavior.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Plethysmography; Smoking | 1991 |
Smoking behavior in low-yield cigarette smokers and switchers in the natural environment.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environment; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Sex Characteristics; Smoking | 1991 |
Ultralow-yield cigarettes and type of ventilation: the role of ventilation blocking.
Topics: Adult; Behavior; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Respiration; Smoking; Ventilation | 1991 |
Liquid-chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine from passive smokers: comparison with gas chromatography with a nitrogen-specific detector.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Nitrogen; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1991 |
Selected ion monitoring method for determination of nicotine, cotinine and deuterium-labeled analogs: absence of an isotope effect in the clearance of (S)-nicotine-3',3'-d2 in humans.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Deuterium; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 1991 |
Passive smoking and childhood asthma. Urinary cotinine levels in children with asthma and in referents.
Topics: Adolescent; Asthma; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1991 |
The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerström Tolerance Questionnaire.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics; Smoking | 1991 |
[Tobacco and arterial pressure (I.). The hormonal changes in a model of acute nicotine overload].
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Reference Values; Smoke; Smoking | 1990 |
A rapid gas-liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cotinine and nicotine in biological fluids.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nicotine; Saliva | 1990 |
Smoking alters thromboxane metabolism in man.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Thromboxane A2 | 1991 |
Effects of topical and systemic nicotine on gingival blood flow in dogs.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Carboxymethylcellulose Sodium; Cotinine; Dental Plaque Index; Dogs; Epithelial Attachment; Gingiva; Infusion Pumps; Infusions, Intravenous; Microspheres; Nicotine; Periodontal Index; Regional Blood Flow | 1991 |
Comparison of blood aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in moist snuff users, cigarette smokers and nontobacco users.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1991 |
Assessment of the automated colorimetric and the high-performance liquid chromatographic methods for nicotine intake by urine samples of smokers' smoking low- and medium-yield cigarettes.
Topics: Acetanilides; Adult; Barbiturates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 1991 |
Prejunctional nicotinic receptors involved in facilitation of stimulation-evoked noradrenaline release from the vas deferens of the guinea-pig.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Electric Stimulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Stereoisomerism; Vas Deferens | 1991 |
Correlations between urinary nicotine or cotinine and urinary mutagenicity in smokers on controlled diets.
Topics: Cotinine; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotine; Smoking | 1991 |
Pharmacokinetics of multiple daily transdermal doses of nicotine in healthy smokers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1991 |
Urinary cotinine measurement in patients with Buerger's disease--effects of active and passive smoking on the disease process.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Thromboangiitis Obliterans; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1991 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine after application of a 30 cm2 nicotine patch under steady-state conditions.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1991 |
Identification of cis-3'-hydroxycotinine as a urinary nicotine metabolite.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Mesocricetus; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Standards; Smoking; Stereoisomerism | 1990 |
Prostacyclin-like activity in umbilical arteries is dose-dependently reduced by maternal smoking and related to nicotine levels.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Cotinine; Epoprostenol; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicotine; Platelet Aggregation; Pregnancy; Smoking; Umbilical Arteries | 1990 |
The determination of nicotine and cotinine by ion pair reversed-phase chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cotinine; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoke | 1990 |
[Plasma determinations of nicotine and cotinine: biological markers of tobacco in smokers and nonsmokers].
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1990 |
Biochemical epidemiology of bladder cancer.
Topics: Amines; Cotinine; Humans; Italy; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | 1990 |
Automation of a high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for the determination of nicotine, cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine in human urine.
Topics: Autoanalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1990 |
Nicotine and cotinine inhibit steroidogenesis in mouse Leydig cells.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Animals; Calcimycin; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cyclic AMP; Depression, Chemical; Leydig Cells; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Testosterone; Verapamil | 1990 |
Effects of chronic nicotine on cerebral glucose utilization in the rat.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Ataxia; Brain; Cotinine; Deoxyglucose; Glucose; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Organ Specificity; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reference Values; Tremor | 1990 |
Increased hepatic nicotine elimination after phenobarbital induction in the conscious rat.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Availability; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cotinine; Injections, Intravenous; Kidney; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Phenobarbital; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
A new quantitative thermospray LC-MS method for nicotine and its metabolites in biological fluids.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine | 1990 |
Disposition of nicotine and eight metabolites in smokers and nonsmokers: identification in smokers of two metabolites that are longer lived than cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1990 |
Carcinogen hemoglobin adducts, urinary mutagenicity, and metabolic phenotype in active and passive cigarette smokers.
Topics: Acetylation; Aminobiphenyl Compounds; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Diseases; Plants, Toxic; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | 1990 |
Chronic nicotine treatment changes differentially the effects of acute nicotine on the three main dopamine metabolites in mouse striatum.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Homovanillic Acid; Metallothionein 3; Mice; Nicotine | 1990 |
Puffing topography as a determinant of smoke exposure.
Topics: Adult; Behavior; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Time Factors | 1990 |
Markers of exposure to diesel exhaust in railroad workers.
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Cotinine; Fuel Oils; Humans; Least-Squares Analysis; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Phenanthrenes; Railroads; Regression Analysis; Thiocyanates | 1990 |
Comparative studies of the mutagenicity of urine from smokers and non-smokers on a controlled non-mutagenic diet.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Creatinine; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Mutagenicity Tests; Nicotine; Smoking | 1990 |
The in vitro effects of nicotine and cotinine on prostacyclin and thromboxane biosynthesis.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Blood Platelets; Cotinine; Epoprostenol; Horses; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Microsomes; Nicotine; Thromboxane A2 | 1990 |
Simulation and evaluation of nicotine intake during passive smoking: cotinine measurements in body fluids of nonsmokers given intravenous infusions of nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Body Fluids; Cotinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1990 |
Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD)-dependent oxidation of nicotine-delta 1'(5')-iminium ion to cotinine by rabbit liver microsomes.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidase; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Animals; Arsenic; Arsenites; Cotinine; Microsomes, Liver; NAD; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Vitamin K; Water | 1990 |
Relationship between nicotine tolerance questionnaire scores and plasma cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Cotinine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Personality Tests; Pyrrolidinones; Risk Factors; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1990 |
Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the nursing mother and her infant.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1990 |
Nicotine exposure among nondependent smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1990 |
Chronic nicotine treatment increases dopamine levels and reduces dopamine utilization in substantia nigra and in surviving forebrain dopamine nerve terminal systems after a partial di-mesencephalic hemitransection.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain Chemistry; Catecholamines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dopamine; Electrochemistry; Male; Mesencephalon; Nerve Endings; Nicotine; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Substantia Nigra | 1990 |
Synthesis of (3'R,5'S)-trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine. Metabolic formation of 3'-hydroxycotinine in humans is highly stereoselective.
Topics: Biotransformation; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Stereoisomerism | 1990 |
A personal monitoring study to assess workplace exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1990 |
Inhibition of platelet aggregation following chronic in vivo treatment of rats with nicotine: prevention by simultaneous application of propranolol.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Cotinine; Cyclic AMP; Male; Nicotine; Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Nicotine and some related compounds: effects on schedule-controlled behaviour and discriminative properties in rats.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Cotinine; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Insecticides; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Reinforcement Schedule | 1989 |
Can smoking increase attention in rapid information processing during noise? Electrocortical, physiological and behavioral effects.
Topics: Adult; Attention; Behavior; Cotinine; Electroencephalography; Electrooculography; Female; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Nicotine; Noise; Prolactin; Psychomotor Performance; Reaction Time; Smoking | 1989 |
Influence of nicotine and cotinine on the expression of plasminogen activator activity in bovine aortic endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cycloheximide; Cytarabine; Dactinomycin; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Endothelium, Vascular; Glycoproteins; Nicotine; Plasminogen Activators; Plasminogen Inactivators; Pyrrolidinones; Tissue Plasminogen Activator | 1989 |
Long-term effects of switching to cigarettes with lower tar and nicotine yields.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pulmonary Alveoli; Smoking; Tars | 1989 |
Discriminative stimulus effects of intravenous l-nicotine and nicotine analogs or metabolites in squirrel monkeys.
Topics: Anabasine; Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Cotinine; Discrimination, Psychological; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Reinforcement Schedule; Saimiri; Stereoisomerism | 1989 |
Nicotine does not affect plasma lipoprotein concentrations in healthy men.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Lipase; Lipids; Lipoprotein Lipase; Lipoproteins; Liver; Male; Nicotine | 1989 |
Twenty-four-hour urinary-free cortisol in premenopausal cigarette smokers and nonsmokers.
Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Adult; Cortodoxone; Cotinine; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Nicotine; Smoking | 1989 |
Cotinine and nicotine inhibit human fetal adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylase.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Humans; Kinetics; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidinones; Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase; Steroid Hydroxylases | 1989 |
Nicotine regulation among heavy and light smokers in a non-stressful environment.
Topics: Adult; Arousal; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Social Environment | 1989 |
Effect of nicotine and cotinine on the production of oxygen free radicals by neutrophils in smokers and non-smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Free Radicals; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Luminescent Measurements; Male; Neutrophils; Nicotine; Oxygen; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1989 |
Effect of smokeless tobacco on the development of the CD-1 mouse fetus.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Bone and Bones; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Resorption; Fetal Viability; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Rabbits; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1989 |
The effects of smoking on the mood, cardiovascular and adrenergic reactivity of heavy and light smokers in a non-stressful environment.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Arousal; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Epinephrine; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Smoking; Social Environment | 1989 |
Cotinine in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid of smokers with periodontal disease.
Topics: Acetanilides; Adult; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Gingivitis; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Periodontal Diseases; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Smoking | 1989 |
Acute effects of smoking on blood pressure and cerebral blood flow.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adult; Blood Flow Velocity; Blood Pressure; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Supination; Time Factors; Ultrasonography; Xenon | 1989 |
Multidimensional gas chromatographic determination of cotinine as a marker compound for particulate-phase environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Pyrrolidinones; Smoke | 1989 |
High performance liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma and nicotine and cotinine, simultaneously, in urine.
Topics: Amphetamine; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Isoquinolines; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones | 1989 |
Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of nicotine in healthy volunteers following single and repeated administration of different doses of transdermal nicotine systems.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Biological Availability; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1989 |
Effect of nicotine pretreatment on striatal dopaminergic system in rats.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; Infusion Pumps; Locomotion; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Spiperone; Tyrosine | 1989 |
Serum and saliva concentrations of cotinine in smokers and passive smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Effect of tobacco use on vibration white finger disease.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature Regulation; Cold Temperature; Cotinine; Fingers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Raynaud Disease; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1989 |
Effects of withdrawal from chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on hypothalamic and preoptic catecholamine nerve terminal systems and on the secretion of pituitary hormones in the male rat.
Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Hypothalamus; Male; Nerve Endings; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pituitary Hormones; Preoptic Area; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Testosterone; Thyrotropin | 1989 |
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and urinary excretion of cotinine and nicotine in children.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Daily use of smokeless tobacco: systemic effects.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Electrolytes; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1989 |
[A high pressure liquid chromatographic method for determining nicotine and cotinine in urine].
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1989 |
Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: disposition in smokers and nonsmokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Lung; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Home air nicotine levels and urinary cotinine excretion in preschool children.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Measuring the heaviness of smoking: using self-reported time to the first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes smoked per day.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking | 1989 |
Elimination of caffeine interference in HPLC determination of urinary nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Diagnostic Errors; Drug Contamination; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones | 1989 |
Effects of prenatal nicotine exposure on rat striatal dopaminergic and nicotinic systems.
Topics: 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid; Animals; Body Weight; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Female; Gestational Age; Growth; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Reproduction; Spiperone | 1989 |
Effects of passive smoking on theophylline clearance.
Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Cotinine; Diet; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Theophylline; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Cotinine levels in follicular fluid and serum of IVF patients: effect on granulosa-luteal cell function in vitro.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Estradiol; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Granulosa Cells; Humans; Luteal Cells; Nicotine; Ovarian Follicle; Pregnancy; Progesterone; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1989 |
Nicotine dependence in rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Drinking Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1989 |
Effect of acute and subchronic nicotine treatment on cortical acetylcholine release and on nicotinic receptors in rats and guinea-pigs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Cotinine; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Nicotinic; Time Factors | 1989 |
Capillary gas chromatographic determination of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine simultaneously with nicotine and cotinine in urine and blood samples.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones | 1989 |
Nicotine and cotinine inhibit rat testis androgen biosynthesis in vitro.
Topics: Androgens; Animals; Cotinine; In Vitro Techniques; Leydig Cells; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Subcellular Fractions; Testis | 1989 |
Chronic nicotine treatment eliminates asymmetry in striatal glucose utilization following unilateral transection of the mesostriatal dopamine pathway in rats.
Topics: Animals; Caudate Nucleus; Chromatography, Gas; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Denervation; Deoxyglucose; Dopamine; Glucose; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Effects of acute intermittent exposure to cigarette smoke on catecholamine levels and turnover in various types of hypothalamic DA and NA nerve terminal systems as well as on the secretion of adenohypophyseal hormones and corticosterone.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dopamine; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hypothalamus; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Neurons; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pituitary Hormones, Anterior; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoking; Thyrotropin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Vasopressins | 1985 |
Increases in dopamine utilization in certain limbic dopamine terminal populations after a short period of intermittent exposure of male rats to cigarette smoke.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dopamine; Limbic System; Male; Mecamylamine; Methyltyrosines; Nerve Endings; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoke; Telencephalon; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1986 |
Effects of acute continuous exposure of the rat to cigarette smoke on amine levels and utilization in discrete hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems and on neuroendocrine function.
Topics: alpha-Methyltyrosine; Animals; Biogenic Amines; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Hormones; Hypothalamus; Male; Methyltyrosines; Nerve Endings; Neurosecretory Systems; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoking; Time Factors; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1987 |
Stimulation of [3H]dopamine release by nicotine in rat nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Animals; Arecoline; Calcium; Cotinine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Oxotremorine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Septal Nuclei; Tubocurarine | 1987 |
Evaluation of the developmental toxicity of nicotine and cotinine with frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Teratogens; Xenopus laevis | 1988 |
Enantioselective metabolism during continuous administration of S-(-)- and R-(+)-nicotine isomers to guinea-pigs.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Guinea Pigs; Male; Nicotine; Stereoisomerism; Time Factors | 1988 |
Passive smoking on commercial airline flights.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Aircraft; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1989 |
Nicotine intake in young smokers: longitudinal study of saliva cotinine concentrations.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Smoking | 1989 |
Levels of mutagens in the urine of smokers of black and blond tobacco correlate with their risk of bladder cancer.
Topics: Cotinine; Creatinine; DNA Repair; Humans; Male; Mutagens; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Smoking; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urine | 1989 |
Effects of chronic exposure to cigarette smoke on amine levels and turnover in various hypothalamic catecholamine nerve terminal systems and on the secretion of pituitary hormones in the male rat.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Animals; Catecholamines; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dopamine; Dorsomedial Hypothalamic Nucleus; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Hypothalamus; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Median Eminence; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Paraventricular Hypothalamic Nucleus; Pituitary Hormones; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoking; Vasopressins | 1985 |
Snuff-dipping in college students: a clinical profile.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Male; Mouth Neoplasms; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Plants, Toxic; Risk; Saliva; Time Factors; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1986 |
Behavioral pharmacology of licit drugs in experimental animals.
Topics: Animals; Caffeine; Conditioning, Psychological; Cotinine; Dogs; Nicotine; Rats; Reward; Saimiri | 1986 |
Formation of two major nicotine metabolites in livers of guinea pigs.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Electron Transport; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Guinea Pigs; Immunologic Techniques; Liver; Methimazole; Metyrapone; Microsomes, Liver; NADPH-Ferrihemoprotein Reductase; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction | 1987 |
Serum placental-like alkaline phosphatase levels and nicotine intake in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Alkaline Phosphatase; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; GPI-Linked Proteins; Humans; Isoenzymes; Nicotine; Smoking | 1988 |
Recent studies of nicotine metabolism in humans.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Deuterium; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1988 |
Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine--a main metabolite in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Stereoisomerism | 1988 |
Blood platelet function after chronic treatment of rats and guinea pigs with nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Bleeding Time; Blood Platelets; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Guinea Pigs; Male; Nicotine; Platelet Aggregation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine, cotinine, and 3'-hydroxycotinine in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mutagenicity Tests; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1988 |
Nicotine and cotinine effects on 3 alpha hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase in canine prostate.
Topics: 3-alpha-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase (B-Specific); 3-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenases; 3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cotinine; Dihydrotestosterone; Dogs; Male; Microsomes; NADP; Nicotine; Prostate; Pyrrolidinones; Testosterone | 1988 |
Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke using a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the simultaneous determination of nicotine and two of its metabolites in urine.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1988 |
Cotinine determination by immunoassays may be influenced by other nicotine metabolites.
Topics: Animals; Buffers; Cotinine; Cross Reactions; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits | 1988 |
Species variation and stereoselectivity in the metabolism of nicotine enantiomers.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Cyclic N-Oxides; Female; Guinea Pigs; Male; Mesocricetus; Nicotine; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sex Factors; Species Specificity; Stereoisomerism | 1988 |
Evaluation of nicotine, cotinine, thiocyanate, carboxyhemoglobin, and expired carbon monoxide as biochemical tobacco smoke uptake parameters.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1988 |
Mutagen levels in urine from snuff users, cigarette smokers and non tobacco users--a comparison.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cotinine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Salmonella typhimurium; Smoking; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1987 |
Biochemical evidence of a chronic abnormality in platelet and vascular function in healthy individuals who smoke cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Blood Platelet Disorders; Blood Platelets; Cotinine; Epoprostenol; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Platelet Aggregation; Smoking; Thromboxane B2; Thromboxanes; Vascular Diseases | 1987 |
A high-performance liquid-chromatographic method for routine simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1988 |
Smoking and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia: nicotine and cotinine in serum and cervical mucus in smokers and nonsmokers.
Topics: Adult; Cervix Mucus; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Risk Factors; Smoking; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms | 1988 |
Elimination of cotinine from body fluids: implications for noninvasive measurement of tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: Adult; Body Fluids; Cotinine; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1988 |
Evidence for cigarette smoke-induced calcitonin secretion from lungs of man and hamster.
Topics: Animals; Calcitonin; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Humans; Lung; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Thyroidectomy | 1988 |
Disposition kinetics of nicotine and cotinine enantiomers in rabbits and beagle dogs.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dogs; Female; Half-Life; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Stereoisomerism | 1988 |
An automated colorimetric assay for urine nicotine metabolites: a suitable alternative to cotinine assays for the assessment of smoking status.
Topics: Autoanalysis; Barbiturates; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 1987 |
Identification and quantitative analysis of cotinine-N-oxide in human urine.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1987 |
Constant-rate infusion of nicotine and cotinine. I. A physiological pharmacokinetic analysis of the cotinine disposition, and effects on clearance and distribution in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Half-Life; Infusion Pumps; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Mutagenic mucus in the cervix of smokers.
Topics: Adult; Carcinoma in Situ; Cervix Mucus; Cotinine; Diethylstilbestrol; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nicotine; Smoking; Uterine Cervical Dysplasia; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms | 1986 |
Smoking history, cigarette yield and smoking behavior as determinants of smoke exposure.
Topics: Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1986 |
Monitoring absorption by means of determination of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Absorption; Body Fluids; Cotinine; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1986 |
The effects of nicotine, cotinine and anabasine on rat adrenal 11 beta-hydroxylase and 21-hydroxylase.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anabasine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cotinine; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Nicotine; Piperidines; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase; Steroid 21-Hydroxylase; Steroid Hydroxylases | 1987 |
Characterization of hamster liver nicotine metabolism. I. Relative rates of microsomal C and N oxidation.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cimetidine; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Cyanides; Cysteamine; Male; Mesocricetus; Methylation; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Papain; Peptide Hydrolases; Proadifen | 1986 |
Maternal smoking reduces prostacyclin formation in human umbilical arteries. A study on strictly selected pregnancies.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adult; Biological Assay; Cotinine; Epoprostenol; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicotine; Platelet Aggregation; Pregnancy; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Umbilical Arteries | 1986 |
Trans-3'-hydroxycotinine as a main metabolite in urine of smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1987 |
Machine smoking results compared to human uptake of cigarette smoke.
Topics: Biological Availability; Cotinine; Humans; Kinetics; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoke; Smoking; Tars | 1987 |
Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in the milk of smoking mothers: influence of cigarette consumption and diurnal variation.
Topics: Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Time Factors | 1987 |
Gas chromatographic determination of trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine in smokers.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1987 |
Biochemical epidemiology of cervical neoplasia: measuring cigarette smoke constituents in the cervix.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms | 1987 |
Prolonged absorption with development of tolerance to toxic effects after cutaneous exposure to nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Skin Absorption; Smoking | 1987 |
The direct barbituric acid assay for nicotine metabolites in urine: a simple colorimetric test for the routine assessment of smoking status and cigarette smoke intake.
Topics: Barbiturates; Colorimetry; Cotinine; False Positive Reactions; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 1987 |
An unusual case of nicotine dependence.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Pyrrolidinones; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco, Smokeless; Toothbrushing | 1987 |
Breast feeding and smoking hygiene: major influences on cotinine in urine of smokers' infants.
Topics: Bottle Feeding; Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Fathers; Female; Humans; Infant; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1986 |
Comparison of tests used to distinguish smokers from nonsmokers.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thiocyanates | 1987 |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamines in the saliva of Inuit snuff dippers in the Northwest Territories of Canada.
Topics: Canada; Cell Nucleus; Cotinine; Humans; Inuit; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Plants, Toxic; Precancerous Conditions; Quinoxalines; Saliva; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1987 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine and five additional nicotine metabolites in the urine of smokers using pre-column derivatisation and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1987 |
The determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones | 1986 |
Nicotine, cotinine, and anabasine inhibit aromatase in human trophoblast in vitro.
Topics: Anabasine; Androstenedione; Aromatase Inhibitors; Carbachol; Cells, Cultured; Choriocarcinoma; Cotinine; Decamethonium Compounds; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Female; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Microsomes; Nicotine; Piperidines; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Succinylcholine; Trophoblasts; Uterine Neoplasms | 1986 |
Reduction of tar, nicotine and carbon monoxide intake in low tar smokers.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoke; Smoking; Tars | 1986 |
Short-term studies on the in vivo metabolism of N-oxides of nicotine in rats.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxides; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Thyronines; Triiodothyronine | 1986 |
Occupational health problems among workers handling Virginia tobacco.
Topics: Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Sex Factors; Smoking; Time Factors | 1986 |
Stereospecific monoclonal antibodies to nicotine and cotinine and their use in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays.
Topics: Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Affinity; Antibody Specificity; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Nicotine; Polylysine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Stereoisomerism | 1986 |
Reduced tar, nicotine, and carbon monoxide exposure while smoking ultralow- but not low-yield cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nicotine; Smoking; Tars; Thiocyanates | 1986 |
Altered chemotactic peptide binding in tobacco smokers' neutrophils.
Topics: Adult; Binding, Competitive; Cotinine; Forced Expiratory Volume; Glycopeptides; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Nicotine; Smoking | 1986 |
Cigarette smoking, urinary acidity, and nicotine excretion under natural conditions.
Topics: Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1986 |
The delivery and uptake of nicotine from an aerosol rod.
Topics: Aerosols; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine | 1986 |
Further studies on nicotine-induced conditioned place preference in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Psychological; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lobeline; Male; Motor Activity; Motor Skills; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1986 |
Measuring problems in estimating the exposure to passive smoking using the excretion of cotinine.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Freezing; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Saliva; Statistics as Topic; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1987 |
Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum and urine: an interlaboratory study.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1987 |
Mathematical modeling of nicotine and cotinine as biological markers of environmental tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: Computer Simulation; Cotinine; Humans; Liver; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Models, Theoretical; Muscles; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Software | 1987 |
Estimation of smoke dosage and mortality of non-smokers from environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Ventilation | 1987 |
Determinants of nicotine intake while chewing nicotine polacrilex gum.
Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Female; Gingiva; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 1987 |
Preliminary studies of urinary hydroxyproline levels in rodents and in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Rats; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1985 |
Evaluation of the effects of cotinine and nicotine-N'-oxides on the development of tumors in rats initiated with N-[4-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-thiazolyl]formamide.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carcinogens; Cocarcinogenesis; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Digestive System Neoplasms; Drinking; Eating; FANFT; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Smoking; Stereoisomerism; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms | 1985 |
Increased plasma concentrations of C9, C1-inhibitor and alpha 1-protease inhibitor associated with cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adult; alpha 1-Antitrypsin; Blood Proteins; Carboxyhemoglobin; Complement C1 Inactivator Proteins; Complement C9; Cotinine; Humans; Lung; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1985 |
Improved 125I radioimmunoassay for cotinine by selective removal of bridge antibodies.
Topics: Animals; Bridged-Ring Compounds; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Cotinine; Cross Reactions; Haptens; Hemocyanins; Humans; Immune Sera; Immunosorbent Techniques; Iodine Radioisotopes; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Tritium | 1985 |
Cigarette smoke extracts inhibit prostacyclin synthesis by the rat urinary bladder.
Topics: 2-Naphthylamine; Animals; Cotinine; Epoprostenol; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Smoke; Urinary Bladder | 1985 |
Psychological and pharmacological approaches to smoking relapse prevention.
Topics: Adult; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Recurrence; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1985 |
Increased 24-hour energy expenditure in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Energy Metabolism; Epinephrine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Respiration; Smoking | 1986 |
Cigarette smoking and neoplasia of the uterine cervix: smoke constituents in cervical mucus.
Topics: Cervix Mucus; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms | 1985 |
Nicotine: a precursor for carcinogens.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Smoking | 1985 |
Tobacco-specific and betel nut-specific N-nitroso compounds: occurrence in saliva and urine of betel quid chewers and formation in vitro by nitrosation of betel quid.
Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Areca; Cotinine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrites; Nitroso Compounds; Plants, Medicinal; Plants, Toxic; Saliva; Thiocyanates | 1985 |
Effects of nicotine and its major metabolites on blood pressure in anaesthetized rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Uterine blood flow and catecholamine response to repetitive nicotine exposure in the pregnant ewe.
Topics: Animals; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Regional Blood Flow; Sheep; Species Specificity; Uterus | 1985 |
Biomedical applications of cotinine quantitation in smoking related research.
Topics: Cotinine; Creatinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Saliva; Smoking | 1985 |
Steady-state concentration of cotinine as a measure of nicotine-intake by smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Regression Analysis; Smoking | 1985 |
In vivo regulation of [3H]acetylcholine recognition sites in brain by nicotinic cholinergic drugs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alkaloids; Animals; Azocines; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hypothalamus; Isoflurophate; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Quinolizines; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Thalamus | 1985 |
Effects of nicotine, cocaine and some of their metabolites on schedule-controlled responding by beagle dogs and squirrel monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Cocaine; Conditioning, Psychological; Cotinine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Food; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saimiri | 1985 |
Cigarette smoking as a risk for cardiovascular disease. Part VI. Compensation with nicotine availability as a single variable.
Topics: Adult; Behavior; Blood Pressure; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1985 |
Analysis for nicotine and cotinine in hair to determine cigarette smoker status.
Topics: Cotinine; Detergents; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Specimen Handling | 1985 |
Passive smoking under controlled conditions.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1985 |
Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and urine of infants exposed via passive smoking or milk from smoking mothers.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1985 |
Analytical cigarette yields as predictors of smoke bioavailability.
Topics: Adult; Biological Availability; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Tars | 1985 |
[Rapid method for measurement of nicotine and cotinine in urine with gas chromatography].
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones | 1985 |
Extent of nicotine and cotinine transfer to the human fetus, placenta and amniotic fluid of smoking mothers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Humans; Nicotine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Umbilical Veins | 1985 |
Mecamylamine pretreatment counteracts cigarette smoke induced changes in hypothalamic catecholamine neuron systems and in anterior pituitary function.
Topics: Animals; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dopamine; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Hypothalamus; Male; Mecamylamine; Methyltyrosines; Neurons; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoke; Thyrotropin | 1985 |
Effects of cigarette nicotine content on smoking behavior of baboons.
Topics: Animals; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Diuresis; Female; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Papio; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Specific Gravity; Thiocyanates; Urine | 1985 |
Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method for rapid determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1985 |
Blood nicotine, smoke exposure and tobacco withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Confusion; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Sleep Wake Disorders; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1985 |
Structure of hydroxycotinine, a nicotine metabolite.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cotinine; Haplorhini; Infrared Rays; Macaca; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Pyridines; Pyrrolidinones; Spectrum Analysis; Stereoisomerism | 1972 |
Nicotine-induced membrane perturbation of intact human granulocytes spin-labeled with 5-doxylstearic acid. Correlation with chemotaxis.
Topics: Cell Membrane; Chemotaxis, Leukocyte; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Granulocytes; Humans; Nicotine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Spin Labels; Stereoisomerism | 1984 |
Maintain levels of nicotine but reduce other smoke constituents: a formula for "less-hazardous" cigarettes?
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Hydrogen Cyanide; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Risk; Saliva; Smoke; Smoking; Tars; Thiocyanates | 1984 |
Serum cotinine levels in pipe smokers: evidence against nicotine as cause of coronary heart disease.
Topics: Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin; Coronary Disease; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Pyrrolidinones; Risk; Smoking | 1981 |
Cotinine in urine of smoker's infants.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Milk, Human; Mothers; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1984 |
Effects of smoking on fetoplacental-maternal system during pregnancy.
Topics: alpha-Fetoproteins; Birth Weight; Blood Glucose; Chorionic Villi; Copper; Cotinine; Dehydroepiandrosterone; Estriol; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Growth; Humans; Infant, Newborn; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Nicotine; Placental Lactogen; Pregnancy; Smoking; Toxemia | 1984 |
Neuroendocrine reactivity to nicotine in smokers.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; beta-Endorphin; Cotinine; Endocrine Glands; Endorphins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neurophysins; Neurosecretion; Nicotine; Smoking; Vasopressins | 1983 |
The use of biologic fluid samples in assessing tobacco smoke consumption.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Half-Life; Humans; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1983 |
Exposure of the fetus, neonate, and nursed infant to nicotine and cotinine from maternal smoking.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidinones; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
Evaluation of methods to estimate cigarette smoke uptake.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1984 |
Biochemical markers of smoke absorption and self reported exposure to passive smoking.
Topics: Absorption; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
Thyroid hormone concentrations in rats after chronic nicotine metabolite administration.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triiodothyronine; Triiodothyronine, Reverse | 1984 |
An evaluation of the intervention against smoking in the multiple risk factor intervention trial.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Coronary Disease; Cotinine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Nicotine; Risk; Saliva; Smoking Prevention; Thiocyanates; Time Factors | 1984 |
Tobacco sidestream smoke: uptake by nonsmokers.
Topics: Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Saliva; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
Hydroxyproline excretion in urine of smokers and passive smokers.
Topics: Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Hydroxyproline; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
A comparative study of the amount of smoke absorbed from low yield ('less hazardous') cigarettes. Part 2: Invasive measures.
Topics: Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoke; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1983 |
Measurement and estimation of smoke dosage to non-smokers from environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Air; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
Smoker intake from cigarettes in the 1-mg Federal Trade Commission tar class.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Tars | 1983 |
An indicator to unmask smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Sex Factors; Smoking; Thiocyanates; Time Factors | 1983 |
Cotinine disposition and effects.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Infusions, Parenteral; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1983 |
Nicotine dependence in cigarette smoking: an empirically-based, multivariate model.
Topics: Cotinine; Drug Tolerance; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Models, Psychological; Nicotine; Skin Temperature; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1983 |
Absorption of nicotine and carbon monoxide from passive smoking under natural conditions of exposure.
Topics: Absorption; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1983 |
Investigation of the content and ratio of cotinine and nicotine-1'-N-oxide in the urine of smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1983 |
Measuring the exposure of infants to tobacco smoke. Nicotine and cotinine in urine and saliva.
Topics: Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1984 |
Plasma nicotine and cotinine in tobacco smoke exposed beagle dogs.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dogs; Kinetics; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1984 |
Blood cotinine levels as indicators of smoking treatment outcome.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Sex Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1984 |
Determination of nicotine in allergenic extracts of tobacco leaf by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Allergens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants; Plants, Toxic | 1984 |
Nicotine and cotinine concentrations in serum and milk of nursing smokers.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking | 1984 |
Effect of cigarette smoking on experimental microvascular anastomoses.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Femoral Artery; Microcirculation; Microsurgery; Nicotine; Rats; Smoking | 1984 |
[The effects of nicotine on the circulation and metabolism after cigarette smoking with reference to the plasma levels of nicotine and COHb (author's transl)].
Topics: Adult; Blood Circulation; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Dopamine beta-Hydroxylase; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Heart Rate; Hemoglobins; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Lactates; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1980 |
Improved gas chromatographic method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in biologic fluids.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Haplorhini; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones | 1981 |
Nicotine intake by snuff users.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1981 |
Would a medium-nicotine, low-tar cigarette be less hazardous to health?
Topics: Adult; Behavior; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Filtration; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Tars | 1981 |
Long-term switching to low-tar low-nicotine cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Tars; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1982 |
Effects of a nicotine-enriched cigarette on nicotine titration, daily cigarette consumption, and levels of carbon monoxide, cotinine, and nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders | 1982 |
Tobacco smoke xenobiotic compound appearance in mothers' milk after involuntary smoke exposures. I. Nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidinones; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1983 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine in rats after multiple-cigarette smoke exposure.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Kinetics; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Smoke | 1983 |
Cigarette smoking: carboxyhemoglobin, plasma nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate vs self-reported smoking data and cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Coronary Disease; Cotinine; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Risk; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1983 |
Smokers of low-yield cigarettes do not consume less nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking | 1983 |
Cigarette smoking as a risk for cardiovascular disease III: Biochemical effects with higher nicotine yield cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Risk; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 1983 |
Nicotine delta 1 "(5)' iminium ion: a reactive intermediate in nicotine metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Cytosol; Glutathione; Guinea Pigs; Liver; Nicotine; Nitriles; Rabbits | 1981 |
Interindividual variability in the metabolism and cardiovascular effects of nicotine in man.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hemodynamics; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Nicotine; Protein Binding; Skin Temperature | 1982 |
Radioimmunoassay of nicotine, cotinine, and gamma-(3-pyridyl)-gamma-oxo-N-methylbutyramide.
Topics: Animals; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyridines; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay | 1982 |
Radioimmunoassay of nicotinamide nucleotide analogs of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Humans; NAD; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Rabbits; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 1982 |
Analyses of nicotine and cotinine in tissues by capillary gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Time Factors | 1982 |
Smoking-induced changes in nicotine disposition: application of a new HPLC assay for nicotine and its metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1982 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in plasma using capillary column gas chromatography with nitrogen-sensitive detection.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Reference Standards | 1982 |
Improved method for routine determination of nicotine and its main metabolites in biological fluids.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Humans; Nicotine | 1982 |
Nicotyrine inhibits in vivo metabolism of nicotine without increasing its toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Drug Interactions; Liver; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Pyridines | 1982 |
Plasma nicotine and cotinine concentrations in habitual smokeless tobacco users.
Topics: Absorption; Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Pyrrolidinones; Radioimmunoassay; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1981 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in human plasma by nitrogen detection gas-liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Nitrogen; Pyrrolidinones | 1981 |
Cigarette smoke inhalation and blood dose markers in beagle dogs.
Topics: Animals; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Dogs; Hemoglobins; Male; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Time Factors | 1981 |
Effect of ethanol pretreatment on the pharmacokinetics of nicotine in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Ethanol; Kinetics; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Sucrose; Time Factors | 1980 |
Plasma and urine changes after smoking different brands of cigarettes.
Topics: Biological Availability; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Coronary Disease; Cotinine; Hemoglobins; Humans; Nicotine; Pyrrolidinones; Smoking; Time Factors | 1980 |
Finger tremor and cigarette smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tremor | 1980 |
Nicotine treatment counteracts perinatal asphyxia-induced changes in the mesostriatal/limbic dopamine systems and in motor behaviour in the four-week-old male rat.
Topics: Animals; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Dextroamphetamine; Dopamine; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Infant, Newborn; Limbic System; Male; Motor Activity; Neostriatum; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1995 |
The genotoxic potential of nicotine and its major metabolites.
Topics: Animals; CHO Cells; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Cyclic N-Oxides; Fluorenes; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Mutation; Nicotine; Salmonella typhimurium; Sister Chromatid Exchange | 1995 |
Solid-phase extraction of nicotine and its metabolites for high-performance liquid chromatographic determination in urine.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 1995 |
Reduction in nicotine intake and oral mucosal changes among users of Swedish oral moist snuff after switching to a low-nicotine product.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Glucuronates; Humans; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Saliva; Sweden; Time Factors; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1995 |
Time course of appearance of cotinine in human beard hair after a single dose of nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Time Factors | 1995 |
In vitro-in vivo correlations of human (S)-nicotine metabolism.
Topics: Adult; Aldehyde Oxidase; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Barbiturates; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Stereoisomerism | 1995 |
[Correlation of cotinine level in amniotic fluid, umbilical artery blood and maternal blood].
Topics: Amniocentesis; Amniotic Fluid; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1995 |
Nontobacco sources of cotinine in the urine of nonsmokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Vegetables | 1995 |
Distribution and retention of nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, in the rat as a function of time.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cotinine; Enzyme Activation; Kidney; Liver; Male; Myocardium; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution | 1995 |
Nicotine and cotinine accumulation in pigmented and unpigmented rat hair.
Topics: Animals; Aroclors; Cotinine; Enzyme Induction; Hair; Hair Color; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred BN; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1995 |
Environmental tobacco smoke: nicotine and cotinine concentration in semen.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Infertility, Male; Male; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Semen; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1995 |
A computer-directed program for smoking cessation treatment.
Topics: Cotinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Follow-Up Studies; Health Promotion; Humans; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Software; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Treatment Outcome; Workplace | 1994 |
Gender differences in prospectively versus retrospectively assessed smoking withdrawal symptoms.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Neurologic Examination; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies; Sex Factors; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1994 |
[Detection of nicotine in eccrine sweat after stimulation of sweat glands during nicotine withdrawal].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pilocarpine; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1995 |
Comparison of three methods for estimating environmental tobacco smoke exposure among children aged between 12 and 36 months.
Topics: Age Factors; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Creatinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Hair; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1995 |
Metabolic interactions between surplus dietary energy intake and cigarette smoking or its cessation.
Topics: Adult; Body Weight; Cotinine; Energy Intake; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Glucose; Humans; Lipids; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 1994 |
Genetically based N-acetyltransferase metabolic polymorphism and low-level environmental exposure to carcinogens.
Topics: Acetylation; Adult; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Biotransformation; Caffeine; Carcinogens, Environmental; Cotinine; DNA Damage; Genotype; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Smoking; Urinary Bladder | 1994 |
Intracerebellar nicotinic-cholinergic participation in the cerebellar adenosinergic modulation of ethanol-induced motor incoordination in mice.
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Cerebellum; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Movement; Nicotine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Stereoisomerism; Trimethaphan | 1994 |
Maternal cocaine use without evidence of fetal exposure.
Topics: Adult; Cocaine; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Mothers; Narcotics; Nicotine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Smoking; Substance Abuse, Intravenous | 1994 |
Metabolism of nicotine to cotinine studied by a dual stable isotope method.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Deuterium; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking | 1994 |
Recovery cycle of the Hoffmann reflex of tobacco smokers and nonsmokers: relationship to plasma nicotine and cotinine levels.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Electroencephalography; Female; H-Reflex; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1994 |
Chronic nicotine administration does not affect peripheral vascular reactivity in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Vessels; Body Weight; Cotinine; Drug Tolerance; Endothelium, Vascular; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Neuropeptides; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 1994 |
Modulation of in vitro immunoglobulin synthesis of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells by nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Antibody Formation; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cytokines; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Immunoglobulins; Interleukin-2; Interleukin-4; Leukocytes, Mononuclear; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger | 1994 |
Assessment of a simple colorimetric procedure to determine smoking status in diabetic subjects.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Diabetes Mellitus; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 1994 |
Activation of PAF-acetylhydrolase by nicotine and cotinine and their possible involvement in arterial thrombosis.
Topics: 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase; Animals; Arterial Occlusive Diseases; Blood Platelets; Cotinine; Cytosol; Enzyme Activation; Microsomes; Nicotine; Phospholipases A; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Spleen; Thrombosis | 1994 |
Oral mucosal changes and nicotine disposition in users of Swedish smokeless tobacco products: a comparative study.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Glucuronates; Glucuronic Acid; Humans; Leukoedema, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Plants, Toxic; Saliva; Sweden; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1994 |
Decreased fetal weights in rats exposed to sidestream cigarette smoke.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Body Weight; Bone Development; Cotinine; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1994 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in various human tissues using capillary gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Autopsy; Brain Chemistry; Calibration; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Muscles; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spleen; Tissue Distribution | 1994 |
Urine collection for nicotine and cotinine measurement in studies on nicotine addicts.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Freezing; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1994 |
Intrauterine cocaine, lead, and nicotine exposure and fetal growth.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Height; Cephalometry; Cocaine; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Demography; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lead; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Regression Analysis | 1994 |
Effect of nicotine on levels of extracellular amino acids in regions of the rat brain in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dialysis; Dopamine Antagonists; Extracellular Space; Male; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nicotine; Parasympatholytics; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
Meconium analysis to assess fetal exposure to nicotine by active and passive maternal smoking.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1994 |
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke increases myocardial infarct size in rats.
Topics: Animals; Bleeding Time; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Lipids; Male; Myocardial Infarction; Myocardial Reperfusion; Myocardium; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risk Factors; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1994 |
Hyperactivity in the offspring of nicotine-treated rats: role of the mesolimbic and nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathways.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Birth Weight; Brain Chemistry; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; Female; Kinetics; Limbic System; Litter Size; Male; Motor Activity; Neural Pathways; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Sex Ratio; Substantia Nigra | 1994 |
Inhibition of aldosterone synthesis in rat adrenal cells by nicotine and related constituents of tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Aldosterone; Anabasine; Angiotensin II; Animals; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP11B2; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Desoxycorticosterone; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Smoke; Steroid 11-beta-Hydroxylase | 1994 |
A method for simultaneous measurement of cocaine and nicotine in neonatal hair.
Topics: Cocaine; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Smoking | 1994 |
Salivary cotinine, frequency of cigarette smoking, and body mass index: findings at baseline in the Lung Health Study.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Alcohol Drinking; Analysis of Variance; Body Mass Index; Cotinine; Educational Status; Energy Metabolism; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Lung Diseases, Obstructive; Male; Mass Screening; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Sex Characteristics; Smoking; Smoking Prevention | 1994 |
Pharmacological and non-pharmacological smoking motives: a replication and extension.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Arousal; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Nicotine; Personality Assessment; Psychometrics; Smoking | 1994 |
Nicotine and cotinine modulate eicosanoid production in human leukocytes and platelet rich plasma.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Calcimycin; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Leukotriene B4; Neutrophils; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Thromboxane B2 | 1993 |
Nicotine and cotinine levels in pericardial fluid in victims of SIDS.
Topics: Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nicotine; Pericardial Effusion; Sudden Infant Death | 1994 |
Transdermal nicotine substitution: pharmacokinetics of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Half-Life; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Skin; Skin Absorption | 1993 |
An enforceable indoor air quality standard for environmental tobacco smoke in the workplace.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Models, Biological; Models, Theoretical; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Risk Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; United States | 1993 |
Effects of nicotine on cortical high voltage spindles in rats.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroencephalography; Electrophysiology; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1993 |
Nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3-hydroxycotinine levels in seminal plasma of smokers: effects on sperm parameters.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Semen; Smoking; Spermatozoa | 1993 |
Comparison of a mechanized version of the 'König' reaction and a fluorescence polarization immunoassay for the determination of nicotine metabolites in urine.
Topics: Autoanalysis; Cotinine; Fluorescence Polarization Immunoassay; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 1993 |
Determination of nicotine and four metabolites in the serum of smokers by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 1993 |
Dietary nicotine. Won't mislead on passive smoking...
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Vegetables | 1994 |
Simple high-performance liquid chromatographic method to verify the direct barbituric acid assay for urinary cotinine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Barbiturates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Spectrum Analysis | 1993 |
Nicotine metabolic profile in man: comparison of cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Reference Values; Smoking | 1994 |
Hair concentrations of nicotine and cotinine in women and their newborn infants.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1994 |
Objectively measured tobacco exposure among pregnant women in Finland in 1986 and 1990.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Blood; Finland; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk Factors; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Thiocyanates | 1994 |
Ninety-day inhalation study in rats, using aged and diluted sidestream smoke from a reference cigarette: DNA adducts and alveolar macrophage cytogenetics.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Benzo(a)pyrene; Carboxyhemoglobin; Chromosome Aberrations; Cotinine; DNA; Genetic Markers; Macrophages, Alveolar; Male; Nicotine; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1993 |
Measuring exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in studies of acute health effects.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Infant; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nicotine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1993 |
Central behavioral interactions between ethanol, (-)-nicotine, and (-)-cotinine in mice.
Topics: Alcoholic Intoxication; Animals; Cerebral Ventricles; Cotinine; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Stereoisomerism; Time Factors; Trimethaphan | 1993 |
Self-titration of nicotine: evidence from the Scottish Heart Health Study.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tars; Thiocyanates | 1993 |
Evaluation of 4-(N-methylnitrosamino)-4-(3-pyridyl)butyric acid as a potential monitor of endogenous nitrosation of nicotine and its metabolites.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Smoking | 1993 |
Serum nicotine and cotinine levels during nicotine-patch therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1993 |
Cigarette-smoking affects platelets and endothelium in chronic hemodialysis patients.
Topics: Adult; Blood Platelets; Collagen; Cotinine; Endothelium, Vascular; Humans; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Platelet Aggregation; Platelet Factor 4; Renal Dialysis; Smoking | 1993 |
Nicotine pharmacokinetics of Nicoderm (nicotine transdermal system) in women and obese men compared with normal-sized men.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Body Weight; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Obesity; Sex Characteristics; Smoking Cessation | 1993 |
Factors associated with nicotine dependence among African American women cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adaptation, Psychological; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Black or African American; Cognitive Behavioral Therapy; Cotinine; Educational Status; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Models, Psychological; Motivation; Nicotine; Peer Group; Poverty; Predictive Value of Tests; Regression Analysis; Risk Factors; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Women | 1993 |
Effects of systemic and topical nicotine on pulpal blood flow in dogs.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cotinine; Dental Pulp; Dogs; Microcirculation; Nicotine; Regional Blood Flow | 1993 |
Hair analysis as a marker for fetal exposure to maternal smoking.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking | 1993 |
Nicotine analysis in neonates' hair for measuring gestational exposure to tobacco.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking | 1993 |
Nicotinic receptor agonists facilitate retention of avoidance training: participation of dopaminergic mechanisms.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Azocines; Cotinine; Flupenthixol; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lobeline; Male; Nicotine; Quinolizines; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Retention, Psychology | 1993 |
Nicotine and cotinine elimination pharmacokinetics in smokers and nonsmokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Deuterium; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Smoking | 1993 |
The chronic infusion of nicotine into the developing chick embryo does not alter the density of (-)-[3H]nicotine-binding sites or vestibular function.
Topics: Animals; Chick Embryo; Cotinine; Electrophysiology; Neurons; Nicotine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptosomes; Tritium; Vestibule, Labyrinth | 1993 |
High-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine and its urinary metabolites via their 1,3-diethyl-2-thiobarbituric acid derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrum Analysis; Thiobarbiturates | 1993 |
Determination of nicotine and two major metabolites in serum by solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography, and high-performance liquid chromatography-particle beam mass spectrometry.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Reference Standards; Smoking; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1993 |
Determination of nicotine and its main metabolites in urine by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Nicotine; Nicotinyl Alcohol; Smoking; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1993 |
Nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine have different effects on aldosterone and prolactin serum levels in the normal male rat.
Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Nicotine; Prolactin; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Glycerol particle cigarettes: a less harmful option for chronic smokers.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Glycerol; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Patient Satisfaction; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors | 1993 |
Radioimmunoassay for nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Antibodies; Calibration; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva | 1993 |
Vasoactive effects of smoking as mediated through nicotinic stimulation of sympathetic nerve fibers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Autonomic Nerve Block; Carboxyhemoglobin; Catecholamines; Constriction, Pathologic; Cotinine; Female; Fingers; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Photoplethysmography; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Sympathetic Fibers, Postganglionic; Vasopressins | 1995 |
Genotoxicity of nicotine and cotinine in the bacterial luminescence test.
Topics: Biotransformation; Cotinine; DNA; Luminescent Measurements; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Disorder; Vibrio | 1995 |
The effect of cigarette smoking on the survival of free vascularized and pedicled epigastric flaps in the rat.
Topics: Anastomosis, Surgical; Animals; Body Temperature; Cotinine; Graft Survival; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surgical Flaps; Vascular Patency | 1996 |
Effects of nicotine on the immune response. I. Chronic exposure to nicotine impairs antigen receptor-mediated signal transduction in lymphocytes.
Topics: Animals; Antibody-Producing Cells; B-Lymphocytes; Calcium; Cell Cycle; Cotinine; Genistein; Histocompatibility Antigens Class II; Isoflavones; Lymphocyte Activation; Lymphocyte Culture Test, Mixed; Lymphocyte Subsets; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Antigen; Receptors, Interleukin-2; Signal Transduction; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; T-Lymphocytes | 1995 |
[Tools for the assessment of tobacco dependence: comparison with questionnaires and marker assays].
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Female; France; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1995 |
DNA adducts in urothelial cells: relationship with biomarkers of exposure to arylamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from tobacco smoke.
Topics: Aminobiphenyl Compounds; Cotinine; DNA Adducts; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrenes; Smoking; Urinary Bladder | 1996 |
Effects of in vivo treatments of nicotine and benzo[a]pyrene on the epidermal growth factor receptor in hamster buccal pouch.
Topics: Animals; Benzo(a)pyrene; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Densitometry; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Epidermal Growth Factor; ErbB Receptors; Male; Mesocricetus; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotine; Phosphoproteins; Phosphorylation; Protein Binding; Submandibular Gland | 1996 |
Inhibition of mutagenicity of N-nitrosamines by tobacco smoke and its constituents.
Topics: Animals; Antimutagenic Agents; CHO Cells; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Dimethylnitrosamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Nicotine; Nitrosamines | 1996 |
Long-term use of nicotine chewing gum and mercury exposure from dental amalgam fillings.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Albuminuria; Case-Control Studies; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Amalgam; Dental Restoration, Permanent; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Linear Models; Mastication; Mercury; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Spectrophotometry, Atomic; Volatilization | 1996 |
Excretion of mutagens, nicotine and its metabolites in urine of cigarette smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Kinetics; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotine; Salmonella typhimurium; Smoking; Tars | 1996 |
Urinary promutagens of smokers: comparison of concentration methods and relation to cigarette consumption.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Platelet Activating Factor; Polystyrenes; Resins, Synthetic; Salmonella typhimurium; Smoking; Tars; Urine | 1996 |
Individualizing medical treatment for tobacco dependence.
Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Individuality; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1996 |
Effect of nicotine infusion in humans on platelet aggregation and urinary excretion of a major thromboxane metabolite.
Topics: Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Collagen; Cotinine; Electrolytes; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Platelet Activation; Platelet Aggregation; Thromboxanes; Urination | 1996 |
Examining the relation between usual-brand nicotine yield, blood cotinine concentration and the nicotine- "compensation" hypothesis.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Linear Models; Nicotine; Smoking | 1996 |
Chronic oral nicotine administration affects the circadian rhythm of dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolism in the striata of mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; Drinking; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Serotonin | 1995 |
Estimating exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Cotinine; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Vegetables | 1996 |
Long-term use of nicotine gum is associated with hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance.
Topics: Adult; C-Peptide; Cotinine; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine | 1996 |
CYP2D6 phenotype and the metabolism of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Humans; Nicotine | 1996 |
Human urine mutagenicity study comparing cigarettes which burn or primarily heat tobacco.
Topics: Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Female; Hot Temperature; Humans; Male; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Saliva; Smoking | 1996 |
Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with atmospheric-pressure chemical ionization interface.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1996 |
Nicotine and cotinine in maternal and neonatal hair as markers of gestational smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking | 1996 |
Cotinine concentrations in plasma of smoking pregnant women and their infants.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking | 1996 |
Effect of nicotine on secretory component synthesis by secretory epithelial cells.
Topics: Cell Line; Cotinine; Epithelium; Humans; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-4; Lactoferrin; Muramidase; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Secretory Component; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1996 |
Validation of self-reported smoking by analysis of hair for nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 1996 |
Nicotine inhibits amyloid formation by the beta-peptide.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Amino Acid Sequence; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Amyloidosis; Chemical Precipitation; Circular Dichroism; Cotinine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Peptide Fragments; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Secondary; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 1996 |
Effect of alkaloids in cigarette smoke on human granulosa cell progesterone synthesis and cell viability.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Cell Adhesion; Cell Division; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; DNA; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Granulosa Cells; Humans; Leydig Cell Tumor; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Ovarian Neoplasms; Plants, Toxic; Progesterone; Smoke; Time Factors; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1996 |
Effect of menthol cigarettes on biochemical markers of smoke exposure among black and white smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Black People; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Respiration; Risk Factors; Self-Assessment; Smoke; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; White People | 1996 |
Role of human cytochrome P4502A6 in C-oxidation of nicotine.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; B-Lymphocytes; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Hydroxylation; Immunochemistry; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction | 1996 |
Self-poisoning among adults using multiple transdermal nicotine patches.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cardiovascular Diseases; Central Nervous System Diseases; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Product Surveillance, Postmarketing; Prospective Studies; Respiratory Insufficiency; Suicide | 1996 |
Effects of transdermal nicotine on lower esophageal sphincter and esophageal motility.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Esophagogastric Junction; Esophagus; Female; Headache; Humans; Male; Manometry; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nicotine; Peristalsis; Reference Values; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders | 1996 |
Nicotine and cotinine stimulate secretion of basic fibroblast growth factor and affect expression of matrix metalloproteinases in cultured human smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Cattle; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cytokines; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Metalloendopeptidases; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicotine; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors; Up-Regulation | 1996 |
Interference of nicotine metabolites in cotinine determination by RIA.
Topics: Antibody Specificity; Cotinine; Humans; Immune Sera; Nicotine; Quality Control; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 1997 |
Metabolites of nicotine in rat brain after peripheral nicotine administration. Cotinine, nornicotine, and norcotinine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1997 |
A simple near-patient test for nicotine and its metabolites in urine to assess smoking habit.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Disposable Equipment; Humans; Nicotine; Reagent Kits, Diagnostic; Smoking | 1996 |
Analysis of human urine for pyridine-N-oxide metabolites of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone, a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen.
Topics: Anticarcinogenic Agents; Biomarkers; Biotransformation; Carcinogens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Creatinine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glucuronates; Humans; Inactivation, Metabolic; Isothiocyanates; Lung Neoplasms; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Proteus mirabilis; Pyridines | 1997 |
Chronic nicotine treatment enhances focal ischemic brain injury and depletes free pool of brain microvascular tissue plasminogen activator in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Brain Damage, Chronic; Brain Ischemia; Capillaries; Cotinine; Fibrinolysis; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Nicotine; Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Smoking; Tissue Plasminogen Activator | 1997 |
Cigarette smoking stimulates cysteinyl leukotriene production in man.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Creatinine; Humans; Leukotriene E4; Male; Nicotine; Smoking | 1997 |
Hair analysis for nicotine and cotinine: evaluation of extraction procedures, hair treatments, and development of reference material.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Hair; Hair Preparations; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reference Values; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1997 |
Determinants of plasma concentrations of nicotine and cotinine during cigarette smoking and transdermal nicotine treatment.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Australia; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking | 1997 |
Effect of nicotine on large bowel mucus thickness, eicosanoids and faecal proteinase in ferrets.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Eicosanoids; Endopeptidases; Feces; Ferrets; Intestine, Large; Male; Mucus; Nicotine | 1997 |
Effect of long-term passive smoking on erectile function and penile nitric oxide synthase in the rat.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Cotinine; Erectile Dysfunction; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Penile Erection; Penis; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1997 |
The influence of cigarette consumption and smoking machine yields of tar and nicotine on the nicotine uptake and oral mucosal lesions in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Environmental Exposure; Glucuronates; Humans; Leukoedema, Oral; Leukoplakia, Oral; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Diseases; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Prevalence; Smoking; Tars; Time Factors; Tongue, Hairy | 1997 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine carbomer enemas: a new treatment modality for ulcerative colitis.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Area Under Curve; Case-Control Studies; Colitis, Ulcerative; Cotinine; Drug Carriers; Enema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polyvinyls; Time Factors | 1997 |
[Detection of nicotine in prehistorical skeletal remains of South China].
Topics: Bone and Bones; China; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; History, Ancient; Humans; Nicotine; Paleopathology; Radioimmunoassay | 1996 |
Maternal tobacco smoke exposure and persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn.
Topics: Adult; California; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Persistent Fetal Circulation Syndrome; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1997 |
Perinatal asphyxia-induced changes in rat brain tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive cell body number: effects of nicotine treatment.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Brain; Cell Count; Cotinine; Dopamine; Drug Implants; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1997 |
Nicotine and its metabolite cotinine are mitogenic for human vascular smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Aorta; Cattle; Cell Count; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Culture Media; DNA; Fetal Blood; Graft Survival; Humans; Hyperplasia; Iliac Artery; Mitogens; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicotine; Smoking; Thymidine; Tritium; Tunica Intima; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 1997 |
Effects of a 2-day abstinence from smoking on dietary, cognitive, subjective, and physiologic parameters among younger and older female smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Arousal; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Cotinine; Energy Intake; Female; Food Preferences; Heart Rate; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Problem Solving; Reaction Time; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1997 |
Transdermal nicotine replacement in pregnancy: maternal pharmacokinetics and fetal effects.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Apgar Score; Birth Weight; Cotinine; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Smoking Cessation | 1997 |
Effect of nicotine on endothelium-dependent arteriolar dilatation in vivo.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Animals; Arterioles; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Endothelium, Vascular; Male; Nicotine; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation | 1997 |
13-week inhalation toxicity study of menthol cigarette smoke.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Menthol; Nicotine; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Smoking | 1997 |
Usefulness of markers in managing tobacco withdrawal.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Personality Inventory; Psychometrics; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1997 |
The effect of smoking on the serum ionized magnesium concentration is method-dependent.
Topics: Arachidonic Acid; Calcium; Cotinine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Ion-Selective Electrodes; Leukocyte Count; Magnesium; Medical Laboratory Science; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking | 1997 |
Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in the hair of hospitality workers exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1997 |
Arteriovenous differences in plasma concentration of nicotine and catecholamines and related cardiovascular effects after smoking, nicotine nasal spray, and intravenous nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Arteries; Cardiovascular System; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Epinephrine; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Smoking; Time Factors; Veins | 1997 |
The effect of smoking on serum IgG2 reactive with Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans in early-onset periodontitis patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Aggressive Periodontitis; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antigens, Bacterial; Cotinine; Cross Reactions; Dental Plaque Index; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Haemophilus influenzae; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Nicotine; Oligosaccharides; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontitis; Phosphorylcholine; Smoking; Streptococcus pneumoniae | 1997 |
Increasing urinary cotinine concentrations at elevated temperatures: the role of conjugated metabolites.
Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking; Temperature; Time Factors | 1997 |
Plasma 3-nitrotyrosine in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Antioxidants; Chromans; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tyrosine | 1997 |
Nicotine induces leukocyte rolling and adhesion in the cerebral microcirculation of the mouse.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; CD18 Antigens; Cell Adhesion; Cell Movement; Cerebral Veins; Cotinine; Endothelium, Vascular; Infusions, Intravenous; Insecticides; Leukocytes; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microcirculation; Nicotine; P-Selectin; Receptors, Cell Surface; Tachyphylaxis; Up-Regulation | 1997 |
Cotinine in seminal fluids of smokers, passive smokers and nonsmokers.
Topics: Blood-Testis Barrier; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Semen; Seminiferous Tubules; Smoking; Sperm Count; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1997 |
Neonatal alcohol and nicotine exposure limits brain growth and depletes cerebellar Purkinje cells.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Cell Count; Cotinine; Ethanol; Female; Male; Neurons; Nicotine; Organ Size; Purkinje Cells; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1998 |
Nicotine dependence among adolescent smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Prevalence; Psychological Tests; Saliva; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1998 |
Effects of cotinine on information processing in nonsmokers.
Topics: Adult; Cognition; Cotinine; Double-Blind Method; Evoked Potentials; Female; Humans; Male; Memory; Nicotine; Saliva | 1998 |
Pharmacokinetic predisposition to nicotine from environmental tobacco smoke: a risk factor for pediatric asthma.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1998 |
Interovarian differences in levels of cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine, in women undergoing IVF who are exposed to cigarette smoke.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Embryo Transfer; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Ovary; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1998 |
Air nicotine and saliva cotinine as indicators of workplace passive smoking exposure and risk.
Topics: Air Pollutants, Occupational; Cotinine; Heart Diseases; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Models, Biological; Monte Carlo Method; Nicotine; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Risk Assessment; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; United States | 1998 |
Exposure of casino employees to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Gambling; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1998 |
Effects of smoking on testicular function and fertilizing potential in rats.
Topics: Animals; Chorionic Gonadotropin; Cotinine; Female; Fertility; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Smoking; Sperm Count; Sperm Motility; Testis; Testosterone | 1998 |
Effect of nicotine or cotinine on metabolism of 4-methylnitrosamino-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in isolated rat lung and liver.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Liver; Lung; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Starvation | 1998 |
The in-vitro effects of nicotine and cotinine on sperm motility.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Sperm Motility | 1998 |
Oxidative DNA damage in mouse heart, liver, and lung tissue due to acute side-stream tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Animals; Cotinine; Deoxyguanosine; DNA; DNA Damage; Environmental Pollution; Female; Liver; Lung; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Myocardium; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Plants, Toxic; Smoking | 1998 |
Nicotine is more efficient than cotinine at passing the blood-brain barrier in rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1998 |
Measured exposures by personal monitoring for respirable suspended particles and environmental tobacco smoke of housewives and office workers resident in Bremen, Germany.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Particle Size; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1998 |
Plasma nitric oxide before and after smoking cessation with nicotine nasal spray.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitric Oxide; Smoking Cessation | 1998 |
Determination of nicotine, cotinine and caffeine in meconium using high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Smoking | 1998 |
Effects of tobacco smoking and abstinence on middle latency auditory evoked potentials.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Time Factors | 1998 |
Cigarette smoke induces DNA deletions in the mouse embryo.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; DNA; Embryo, Mammalian; Female; Gene Deletion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Plants, Toxic; Pregnancy; Smoke | 1998 |
Rapid method for the simultaneous measurement of nicotine and cotinine in urine and serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1998 |
Rapid and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of nicotine and cotinine in nonsmoker human and rat urines.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1998 |
Nicotine metabolism and intake in black and white smokers.
Topics: Adult; Area Under Curve; Black People; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cotinine; Deuterium; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; White People | 1998 |
Effects of stress on circulating nicotine and cotinine levels and in vitro nicotine metabolism in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Drug Implants; Environment; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stress, Psychological | 1998 |
(-)Nicotine inhibits the activations of phospholipases A2 and D by amyloid beta peptide.
Topics: Acetophenones; Amyloid beta-Peptides; Arachidonic Acids; Aristolochic Acids; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Hexamethonium; Kainic Acid; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Phenanthrenes; Phospholipase D; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Quisqualic Acid; Tubocurarine; Type C Phospholipases | 1998 |
Pharmacological characterization of nicotinic receptor-mediated acetylcholine release in rat brain--an in vivo microdialysis study.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alkaloids; Animals; Azocines; Brain; Cotinine; Hippocampus; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Ligands; Lobeline; Male; Mecamylamine; Microdialysis; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Prefrontal Cortex; Quinolizines; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Nicotinic; Visual Cortex | 1998 |
Formation and retention of cotinine during placental transfer of nicotine in human placental cotyledon.
Topics: Adult; Antipyrine; Cotinine; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Perfusion; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1998 |
Inhibitory effect of nicotine and its metabolites on tolbutamide hydroxylation in rat liver microsomes.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Fluorescence; Hydroxylation; Hypoglycemic Agents; Microsomes, Liver; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Rats; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tolbutamide | 1998 |
Nicotine stereoisomers and cotinine stimulate prostaglandin E2 but inhibit thromboxane B2 and leukotriene E4 synthesis in whole blood.
Topics: Adult; Arachidonate 5-Lipoxygenase; Arachidonic Acid; Calcimycin; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Ionophores; Leukotriene E4; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases; Stereoisomerism; Thromboxane B2 | 1998 |
Assessment of environmental tobacco smoke and respirable suspended particle exposures for nonsmokers in Prague using personal monitoring.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Czechoslovakia; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Urban Health | 1998 |
Effect of nicotine and cotinine on the susceptibility to in vitro oxidation of LDL in healthy non smokers and smokers.
Topics: Adult; Copper Sulfate; Cotinine; Edetic Acid; Humans; Kinetics; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipoproteins, LDL; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances | 1998 |
Alterations of neutrophil L-selectin and CD18 expression by tobacco smoke: implications for periodontal diseases.
Topics: Adult; Antigens, Surface; Case-Control Studies; CD18 Antigens; Cell Movement; Cotinine; Flow Cytometry; Fluorescein-5-isothiocyanate; Fluorescent Dyes; Gene Expression Regulation; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; L-Selectin; Middle Aged; N-Formylmethionine Leucyl-Phenylalanine; Neutrophils; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Periodontal Diseases; Plants, Toxic; Saliva; Smoke; Smoking | 1998 |
Nicotine-like effects of cotinine on protein kinase C activity and noradrenaline release in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Cells; Cotinine; Immunoblotting; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Norepinephrine; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Protein Kinase C; Rabbits; Tritium | 1998 |
Smokeless tobacco, reaction time, and strength in athletes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Electromyography; Half-Life; Humans; Knee Joint; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Skeletal; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Plants, Toxic; Reaction Time; Sports; Tobacco, Smokeless | 1998 |
In-utero and neonatal exposure to secondhand smoke causes vascular dysfunction in newborn rats.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Aorta, Thoracic; Calcimycin; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Ionophores; Maternal Exposure; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Nicotine; Nitroglycerin; Phenylephrine; Pregnancy; Rats; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Vascular Diseases; Vasoconstriction; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents | 1998 |
Influence of nicotine and cotinine on retinal phospholipase A2 and its significance to macular function.
Topics: Acetophenones; Acetylcholine; Animals; Cotinine; Enzyme Inhibitors; Macular Degeneration; Nicotine; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Quinacrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Retina | 1998 |
Activation and inhibition of the human alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by agonists.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cotinine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Lobeline; Membrane Potentials; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Receptors, Nicotinic; RNA; Xenopus | 1998 |
Inhibition of nicotinic responses by cotinine in bovine adrenal chromaffin cells.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chromaffin Cells; Cotinine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Norepinephrine; Phorbol 12,13-Dibutyrate; Protein Kinase C | 1998 |
Prostaglandin E2 in human placenta: its vascular effects and activation of prostaglandin E2 formation by nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Enzyme Activation; Female; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Placenta; Pregnancy; Vasoconstriction | 1999 |
Quantitation of urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen after smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Glucuronates; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Smoking Cessation | 1999 |
(S)-(-)-Cotinine, the major brain metabolite of nicotine, stimulates nicotinic receptors to evoke [3H]dopamine release from rat striatal slices in a calcium-dependent manner.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1999 |
Metabolites of a tobacco-specific carcinogen in urine from newborns.
Topics: Adult; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucuronates; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking | 1999 |
Cotinine (a metabolite of nicotine) suppresses the growth of hematopoietic progenitor cells at the concentration range equivalent to its serum levels in smokers.
Topics: Colony-Forming Units Assay; Cotinine; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 1999 |
Minor tobacco alkaloids as biomarkers for tobacco use: comparison of users of cigarettes, smokeless tobacco, cigars, and pipes.
Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Anabasine; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Plants, Toxic; Pyridines; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Substance Abuse Detection; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1999 |
Passive smoke exposure in infants and children with respiratory tract diseases.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Creatinine; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Saliva; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1999 |
Hair analysis--a biological marker for passive smoking in pregnancy and childhood.
Topics: Adult; Asthma; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1999 |
Assessment of the exposure of children to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) by different methods.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air; Benzene; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Diffusion; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Sorbic Acid; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1999 |
Plasma nicotine and cotinine levels following intravenous nicotine self-administration in rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats | 1999 |
Effects of tobacco products on the attachment and growth of periodontal ligament fibroblasts.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Cell Adhesion; Cell Count; Cell Division; Cells, Cultured; Coloring Agents; Cotinine; Culture Media; Disease Progression; Fibroblasts; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Periodontal Ligament; Periodontitis; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Tetrazolium Salts; Thiazoles | 1999 |
Predictors and timing of adverse experiences during trandsdermal nicotine therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Erythema; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Predictive Value of Tests; Severity of Illness Index; Sleep Wake Disorders; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1999 |
Efficacy of providing nicotine in a liquid diet to rats.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Diet; Eating; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Psychotropic Drugs; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1999 |
The significance of the homozygous CYP2A6 deletion on nicotine metabolism: a new genotyping method of CYP2A6 using a single PCR-RFLP.
Topics: Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Base Sequence; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; DNA Primers; Exons; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Testing; Homozygote; Humans; Japan; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sequence Deletion; Smoking | 1999 |
Dose-dependent up-regulation of rat pulmonary, renal, and hepatic cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 1A expression by nicotine feeding.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Induction; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidoreductases; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; RNA, Messenger; Up-Regulation | 1999 |
Prenatal effects of maternal smoking on daughters' smoking: nicotine or testosterone exposure?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Causality; Child; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nuclear Family; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prevalence; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Testosterone | 1999 |
Nicotine patch use in pregnant smokers: nicotine and cotinine levels and fetal effects.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Heart Rate, Fetal; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1999 |
Plasma leptin concentrations and lipid profiles during nicotine abstinence.
Topics: Cholesterol, HDL; Cotinine; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Leptin; Lipids; Male; Nicotine; Obesity; Prospective Studies; Proteins; Smoking Cessation; Weight Gain | 1999 |
Nanomolar concentrations of nicotine and cotinine alter the development of cultured hippocampal neurons via non-acetylcholine receptor-mediated mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Axons; Bungarotoxins; Calcium; Cell Differentiation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cryopreservation; Dendrites; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Embryo, Mammalian; Fluorescence; Hippocampus; Neurons; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Nicotinic | 1999 |
Evidence that nicotine acetylcholine receptors are not the main targets of cotinine toxicity.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Drug Interactions; Female; Hexamethonium Compounds; Lethal Dose 50; Male; Mice; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Organ Size; Rats; Receptors, Nicotinic; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Time Factors | 1999 |
Influence of nicotine, cotinine, anabasine and cigarette smoke extract on human granulosa cell progesterone and estradiol synthesis.
Topics: Anabasine; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; DNA; Estradiol; Female; Granulosa Cells; Hormones; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Progesterone; Smoke | 1999 |
Effects of watercress consumption on urinary metabolites of nicotine in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Feeding Behavior; Female; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Isothiocyanates; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Smoking; Vegetables | 1999 |
Antidepressant effect of ingested nicotine in female rats of Flinders resistant and sensitive lines.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Cotinine; Depressive Disorder; Drinking; Female; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Species Specificity; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Swimming; Weight Gain | 1999 |
5'-hydroxycotinine-N-oxide, a new nicotine metabolite isolated from rat urine.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
The effect of cotinine on nicotine- and cocaine-induced dopamine release in the nucleus accumbens.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Azocines; Brain Chemistry; Cocaine; Cotinine; Dopamine; Male; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Quinolizines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1999 |
Urinary cotinine concentration confirms the reduced risk of preeclampsia with tobacco exposure.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Body Mass Index; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Age; Maternal Exposure; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Parity; Plants, Toxic; Pre-Eclampsia; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Risk Factors; Single-Blind Method; Smoking | 1999 |
Residence times and half-lives of nicotine metabolites in rat brain after acute peripheral administration of [2'-(14)C]nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Half-Life; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1999 |
Analysis of nicotine, 3-hydroxycotinine, cotinine, and caffeine in urine of passive smokers by HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Finland; Food Industry; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1999 |
Arterial/venous plasma nicotine concentrations following nicotine nasal spray.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adolescent; Adult; Aerosols; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Smoking | 1999 |
Effect of the nicotine metabolite 5'-hydroxycotinine on glucose transport and glycogen synthase activity in rat skeletal muscle.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Cotinine; Glucose; Glycogen Synthase; Hypoglycemic Agents; Insulin; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1999 |
Occupancy of brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by nicotine doses equivalent to those obtained when smoking a cigarette.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Papio; Radionuclide Imaging; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking | 2000 |
Normal patterns of angiogenesis and extracellular matrix deposition in chick chorioallantoic membranes are disrupted by mainstream and sidestream cigarette smoke.
Topics: Allantois; Animals; Chick Embryo; Chorion; Cotinine; Extracellular Matrix; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoke; Solutions | 2000 |
Cotinine and nicotine inhibit each other's calcium responses in bovine chromaffin cells.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cattle; Chromaffin Cells; Cotinine; Fluorescent Dyes; Fura-2; Hexamethonium; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nimodipine; Tetrodotoxin; Thapsigargin | 2000 |
Evidence for the biosynthesis of A glucuronide conjugate of (S)-(-)-nicotine, but not (S)-(-)-cotinine or (+/-)-trans-3'-hydroxycotinine by marmoset hepatic microsomes.
Topics: Animals; Callithrix; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Glucuronates; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Octoxynol; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid | 1999 |
Effects of cigarette smoke on immune response: chronic exposure to cigarette smoke impairs antigen-mediated signaling in T cells and depletes IP3-sensitive Ca(2+) stores.
Topics: Animals; Antibody-Producing Cells; Antigens; Calcium; Cotinine; Enzyme Activation; Female; Health Status; Immunity; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Isoenzymes; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phospholipase C gamma; Plants, Toxic; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptor-CD3 Complex, Antigen, T-Cell; Signal Transduction; Smoke; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes; Type C Phospholipases | 2000 |
Use of environmental tobacco smoke constituents as markers for exposure.
Topics: Age Factors; Air Pollutants; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Alkaloids; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Fluorescence; Forecasting; Humans; Linear Models; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Occupational Exposure; Pyridines; Regression Analysis; Saliva; Scopoletin; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Terpenes; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Ultraviolet Rays | 1999 |
Effects of cotinine at cholinergic nicotinic receptors of the sympathetic superior cervical ganglion of the mouse.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electrophoresis, Capillary; In Vitro Techniques; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Peripheral Nervous System; Receptors, Nicotinic; Superior Cervical Ganglion; Sympathetic Nervous System | 2000 |
Laser Doppler flowmeter measurement of relative gingival and forehead skin blood flow in light and heavy smokers during and after smoking.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Forehead; Gingiva; Humans; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Regional Blood Flow; Skin; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2000 |
Nicotine metabolism and elimination kinetics in newborns.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Half-Life; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Prospective Studies | 2000 |
An animal model of adolescent nicotine exposure: effects on gene expression and macromolecular constituents in rat brain regions.
Topics: Adolescent; Age Factors; Animals; Brain; Cerebral Cortex; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Humans; Male; Mesencephalon; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Sex Factors; Sexual Maturation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 | 2000 |
Effects of cigarette smoking and carbon monoxide on nicotine and cotinine metabolism.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Glucuronides; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 2000 |
Nicotine administration in rabbits using Habitrol nicotine patches and nicotine nasal spray.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Intranasal; Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rabbits | 2000 |
The influence of a transmucosal cholinergic agonist on pharyngeal muscle activity.
Topics: Adult; Apnea; Cholinergic Agonists; Cotinine; Electromyography; Humans; Male; Mucous Membrane; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pharyngeal Muscles; Pharynx; Respiratory Mucosa; Wakefulness | 2000 |
Tone abnormalities are associated with maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy in in utero cocaine-exposed infants.
Topics: Cocaine; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Logistic Models; Male; Meconium; Muscle Hypertonia; Nervous System Diseases; Neurologic Examination; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Smoking | 2000 |
Measuring infant exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; Chronic Disease; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Welfare; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Mothers; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 1999 |
Improved highly sensitive method for determination of nicotine and cotinine in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2000 |
Effects of transdermal nicotine treatment on structure and function of coronary artery bypass grafts.
Topics: Actins; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Calcimycin; Coronary Artery Bypass; Cotinine; Desmin; Diffusion Chambers, Culture; Dogs; Endothelium, Vascular; Integrin-Binding Sialoprotein; Ionophores; Male; Nicotine; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide; Nitrites; Saphenous Vein; Sialoglycoproteins; Thrombin; Vasodilation | 2000 |
Simultaneous determination of mecamylamine, nicotine, and cotinine in plasma by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Solutions | 2000 |
Reported measures of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: trials and tribulations.
Topics: Child; Child Welfare; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2000 |
Substance use measures among women in early pregnancy.
Topics: Cannabinoids; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Cotinine; Female; Gestational Age; Hair; Humans; Marijuana Abuse; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Substance Abuse Detection | 2000 |
Duplications and defects in the CYP2A6 gene: identification, genotyping, and in vivo effects on smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Base Sequence; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; DNA; Female; Gene Duplication; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Smoking; White People | 2000 |
Cytotoxic effects of cigarette smoke alkaloids inhibit the progesterone production and cell growth of cultured MA-10 Leydig tumor cells.
Topics: 20-alpha-Dihydroprogesterone; Alkaloids; Anabasine; Cell Division; Cholesterol Side-Chain Cleavage Enzyme; Corpus Luteum; Cotinine; DNA; Female; Humans; Leydig Cell Tumor; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Ovarian Neoplasms; Plants, Toxic; Pregnenolone; Progesterone; Smoke; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2000 |
Time and dose effect of transdermal nicotine on endothelial function.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Aorta; Calcimycin; Calcium; Coronary Vessels; Cotinine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Inhibitors; In Vitro Techniques; Ionophores; Male; Nicotine; Nitrates; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitrites; omega-N-Methylarginine; RNA, Messenger; Time Factors; Vasodilation | 2000 |
Near-patient test for nicotine and its metabolites in saliva to assess smoking habit.
Topics: Adult; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Point-of-Care Systems; Radioimmunoassay; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Statistics as Topic | 2000 |
2'-Hydroxylation of nicotine by cytochrome P450 2A6 and human liver microsomes: formation of a lung carcinogen precursor.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Humans; Hydroxy Acids; Hydroxylation; Keto Acids; Lung; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Molecular Structure; NADP; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Prodrugs | 2000 |
Changes in the ambulatory activity and discriminative stimulus effects of psychostimulant drugs in rats chronically exposed to caffeine: effect of caffeine dose.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Caffeine; Cocaine; Cotinine; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Generalization, Psychological; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Enhancement of haloperidol-induced catalepsy by nicotine: an investigation of possible mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Catalepsy; Chlorisondamine; Cotinine; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Synergism; Haloperidol; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Tolerance to repeated nicotine administration on performance, subjective, and physiological responses in nonsmokers.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Cognition; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Psychomotor Performance | 2000 |
Effects of nicotine and cotinine on porcine arterial endothelial cell function.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Endothelium, Vascular; Immunohistochemistry; Nicotine; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III; Norepinephrine; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Swine; Vasoconstriction; Vasodilation | 2001 |
Acute effects of cigarette smoking on platelet-dependent thrombin generation.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Platelet Activation; Protein C; Risk Factors; Smoking; Thrombin; Thrombosis; Time Factors | 2001 |
Nicotine, but not cotinine, partially protects dopaminergic neurons against MPTP-induced degeneration in mice.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Cotinine; Dopamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neostriatum; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Parkinsonian Disorders; Substantia Nigra; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2001 |
Pharmacokinetics of nicotine in healthy elderly people.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aging; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists | 2001 |
Relationship between interindividual differences in nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 genetic polymorphism in humans.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Genotype; Humans; Individuality; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2001 |
Clinical pharmacology of eicosanoids, nicotine induced changes in man.
Topics: Blood Cells; Cotinine; Eicosanoids; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2000 |
Nicotine yield from machine-smoked cigarettes and nicotine intakes in smokers: evidence from a representative population survey.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking | 2001 |
Metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking women exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Glucuronates; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Risk; Risk Factors; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2001 |
Nicotine and cotinine adducts of a melanin intermediate demonstrated by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Melanins; Monophenol Monooxygenase; Nicotine; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Substance Abuse Detection | 2001 |
Accumulation of nicotine and its metabolites in rat brain after intermittent or continuous peripheral administration of [2'-(14)C]nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Radiometry; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
In vitro effects of nicotine on mitochondrial respiration and superoxide anion generation.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alkaloids; Animals; Anthraquinones; Antimycin A; Azocines; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Carrier Proteins; Cotinine; Electron Transport Complex I; Electron Transport Complex II; Hexamethonium; Male; Membrane Proteins; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Proton-Translocating ATPases; Multienzyme Complexes; NAD; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Phosphorylation; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen Consumption; Prosencephalon; Pyridines; Quinolizines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptors, Nicotinic; Rotenone; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Superoxides; Synaptosomes | 2001 |
Exposure to ethanol and nicotine during the brain growth spurt: spatial DMP performance in male rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Brain; Central Nervous System Depressants; Cotinine; Cues; Ethanol; Male; Maze Learning; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Weaning | 2001 |
Novel liquid chromatographic-tandem mass spectrometric methods using silica columns and aqueous-organic mobile phases for quantitative analysis of polar ionic analytes in biological fluids.
Topics: Albuterol; Body Fluids; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Quality Control; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Silicon Dioxide; Solvents; Water | 2001 |
Evaluation of methoxsalen, tranylcypromine, and tryptamine as specific and selective CYP2A6 inhibitors in vitro.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Methoxsalen; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Tranylcypromine; Tryptamines | 2001 |
Heavily smoking women who cannot quit in pregnancy: evidence of pharmacokinetic predisposition.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking | 2001 |
Bacterial mutagenicity of some tobacco aromatic nitrogen bases and their mixtures.
Topics: Animals; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Microsomes, Liver; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Plants, Toxic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salmonella typhimurium; Vibrio | 2001 |
Regional cerebral blood flow effects of nicotine in overnight abstinent smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Temporal Lobe; Thalamus; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 2001 |
Determination of coumarin metabolism in Turkish population.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Amino Acid Substitution; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Coumarins; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Isoenzymes; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Phenotype; Point Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking; Turkey; Umbelliferones | 2001 |
Cotinine binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in bovine chromaffin cell and rat brain membranes.
Topics: Aconitine; Animals; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cattle; Cell Membrane; Chromaffin Cells; Cotinine; Frontal Lobe; Hippocampus; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2001 |
Smoking reduction in smokers compliant to a smoking cessation trial with nicotine patch.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Carbon Dioxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Treatment Outcome | 2001 |
The effect of tobacco smoke, nicotine, and cotinine on the mutagenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL).
Topics: Carcinogens; Cotinine; Mutagenicity Tests; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Plants, Toxic; Salmonella; Smoke | 2001 |
Nicotine produces selective degeneration in the medial habenula and fasciculus retroflexus.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Body Weight; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Efferent Pathways; Female; Habenula; Hyperkinesis; Nerve Degeneration; Neurotoxins; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Seizures; Silver Staining; Wallerian Degeneration | 2001 |
Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 allele frequencies in Koreans.
Topics: Adult; Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Gene Frequency; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Humans; Japan; Korea; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2001 |
Osteogenic protein-1 overcomes the inhibitory effect of nicotine on posterolateral lumbar fusion.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Bone Transplantation; Cotinine; Graft Survival; Lumbar Vertebrae; Models, Animal; Nicotine; Rabbits; Radiography; Spinal Fusion; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2001 |
Nicotine does not influence arterial lipid deposits in rabbits exposed to second-hand smoke.
Topics: Animals; Aorta; Arteriosclerosis; Cotinine; Diet, Atherogenic; Disease Progression; In Vitro Techniques; Lipids; Male; Nicotine; Pulmonary Artery; Rabbits; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Vasoconstrictor Agents; Vasodilator Agents; Vasomotor System | 2001 |
Nicotine decreases blood alcohol concentration in neonatal rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Central Nervous System Depressants; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Depression, Chemical; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2001 |
Effect of smoking reduction and cessation on cardiovascular risk factors.
Topics: Adult; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cotinine; Female; Fibrinogen; Hematocrit; Hemoglobins; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL; Male; Nicotine; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Triglycerides | 2001 |
Measurement of self reported active exposure to cigarette smoke.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Nicotine; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2001 |
Prenatal nicotine exposure alters pulmonary function in newborn rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Fetus; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Lung Compliance; Macaca mulatta; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking | 2001 |
Environmental and behavioral predictors of salivary cotinine in Latino tobacco workers.
Topics: Adult; Agriculture; Cotinine; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; North Carolina; Occupational Exposure; Population Surveillance; Saliva; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Transients and Migrants | 2001 |
Correlates of expired air carbon monoxide: effect of ethnicity and relationship with saliva cotinine and nicotine.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Ethnicity; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Respiration; Saliva; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2001 |
Oral nicotine solution for smoking cessation: a pilot tolerability study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Cotinine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Solutions | 2001 |
Inhibition of human cytochrome P450 2E1 by nicotine, cotinine, and aqueous cigarette tar extract in vitro.
Topics: Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrophenols; Tars | 2001 |
Nicotine metabolism variability and nicotine addiction.
Topics: Absorption; Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Menthol; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 1999 |
An in vivo pilot study characterizing the new CYP2A6*7, *8, and *10 alleles.
Topics: Alleles; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; China; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Japan; Kinetics; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Models, Molecular; Nicotine; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Time Factors; Umbelliferones; White People | 2002 |
Slower metabolism and reduced intake of nicotine from cigarette smoking in Chinese-Americans.
Topics: Adult; Asian; Cotinine; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; White People | 2002 |
Is the hair nicotine level a more accurate biomarker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure than urine cotinine?
Topics: Biomarkers; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hair; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2002 |
Nicotine and cotinine up-regulate vascular endothelial growth factor expression in endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Culture Techniques; Endothelial Growth Factors; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Lymphokines; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Perfusion; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Smoking; Swine; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors | 2002 |
High-performance liquid chromatographic assay for N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine in human liver microsomes.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine | 2002 |
Lung tissue concentrations of nicotine in sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Lung; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Sudden Infant Death; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2002 |
[Cotinine levels in serum and colostrum of smoking puerperae].
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Breast Feeding; Case-Control Studies; Colostrum; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2001 |
[The influence of smoking on the estradiol level in the preovulatory follicular fluid].
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Embryo Transfer; Estradiol; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Follicular Fluid; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2001 |
Sensitive and simple method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in human urine, plasma and saliva by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2002 |
Accelerated metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in pregnant smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Saliva; Smoking | 2002 |
Gender differences in tobacco smoking: higher relative exposure to smoke than nicotine in women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Attitude to Health; Canada; Carbon Monoxide; Choice Behavior; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Probability; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sampling Studies; Sex Distribution; Smoking | 2002 |
Expression of cytochrome CYP2B1/2 in nonpregnant, pregnant and fetal rats exposed to tobacco smoke.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Female; Humans; Liver; Lung; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger; Smoking; Steroid Hydroxylases | 2000 |
Nicotine increases hepatic oxygen uptake in the isolated perfused rat liver by inhibiting glycolysis.
Topics: Animals; Calcium; Cell Separation; Cotinine; Electron Transport; Glucagon; Glucose; Glycolysis; Hepatocytes; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Ketone Bodies; Lactic Acid; Liver; Male; Mitochondrial ADP, ATP Translocases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Oxygen Consumption; Perfusion; Pyruvic Acid; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tubocurarine; Up-Regulation | 2002 |
Effects of whole deletion of CYP2A6 on nicotine metabolism in humans.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gene Deletion; Genotype; Homozygote; Humans; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length | 2002 |
Hubble-bubble (water pipe) smoking: levels of nicotine and cotinine in plasma, saliva and urine.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Equipment and Supplies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking | 2002 |
Peculiar vulnerability to nicotine oral self-administration in mice during early adolescence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Aging; Animals; Arousal; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Brain; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Growth; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Self Administration; Sex Characteristics; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2002 |
Effects of (-)-nicotine and (-)-cotinine on 6-hydroxydopamine-induced oxidative stress and neurotoxicity: relevance for Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Female; Male; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidative Stress; Oxidopamine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2002 |
A molecular dosimetry approach to assess human exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in pubs.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; DNA Adducts; DNA Damage; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Nicotine; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Sputum; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2002 |
N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine in human: formation of cotinine glucuronide in liver microsomes and lack of catalysis by 10 examined UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.
Topics: Catalysis; Cotinine; Glucuronates; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Recombinant Proteins; Stereoisomerism | 2002 |
Chronic self-administration of nicotine in rats impairs T cell responsiveness.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Signaling; Cell Division; Concanavalin A; Cotinine; Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell; Self Administration; Smoking; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes | 2002 |
Restricted daily access to water and voluntary nicotine oral consumption in mice: methodological issues and individual differences.
Topics: Animals; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Individuality; Male; Mice; Motivation; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Regional Blood Flow; Reproducibility of Results; Reward; Risk Factors; Stress, Psychological; Sucrose; Taste; Water Deprivation | 2002 |
Simultaneous analysis of nicotine, nicotine metabolites, and tobacco alkaloids in serum or urine by tandem mass spectrometry, with clinically relevant metabolic profiles.
Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Anabasine; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Reference Values; Substance Abuse Detection | 2002 |
Maternal smoking during pregnancy and nicotine and cotinine concentrations in maternal and neonatal hair.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 2002 |
Effect of nicotine, cotinine and phenethyl isothiocyanate on 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) metabolism in the Syrian golden hamster.
Topics: Animals; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Cricetinae; DNA Damage; Female; Glucuronides; Isothiocyanates; Mesocricetus; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines | 2002 |
Molecular orbital calculations and nicotine metabolism: a rationale for experimentally observed metabolite ratios.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Humans; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Models, Molecular; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidation-Reduction; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2002 |
Effect of nicotine replacement and quitting smoking on circulating adhesion molecule profiles (sICAM-1, sCD44v5, sCD44v6).
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Breath Tests; Case-Control Studies; Cell Adhesion Molecules; Chi-Square Distribution; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Glycoproteins; Humans; Hyaluronan Receptors; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Time Factors | 2002 |
Genotyping human CYP2A6 variants.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 19; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Genotype; Humans; Isoenzymes; Lung Neoplasms; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Racial Groups; Smoking | 2002 |
Microsomal N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine: human hepatic interindividual, human intertissue, and interspecies hepatic variation.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dogs; Female; Genetic Variation; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Macaca fascicularis; Male; Mice; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; Smoking; Species Specificity; Swine, Miniature; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid | 2002 |
Characterization of nicotine and cotinine N-glucuronidations in human liver microsomes.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Isoenzymes; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Uridine Diphosphate Glucuronic Acid | 2002 |
Nicotine and cotinine modulate cerebral microvascular permeability and protein expression of ZO-1 through nicotinic acetylcholine receptors expressed on brain endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Capillary Permeability; Cattle; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Endothelium, Vascular; Gene Expression Regulation; Membrane Proteins; Nicotine; Phosphoproteins; Receptors, Nicotinic; Zonula Occludens-1 Protein | 2002 |
[How can we help pregnant women stop smoking?].
Topics: Behavior Therapy; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2003 |
In vivo nicotine treatment regulates mesocorticolimbic CREB and ERK signaling in C57Bl/6J mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Amygdala; Animals; Cotinine; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Drug Administration Schedule; Limbic System; Male; Mesencephalon; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Phosphorylation; Prefrontal Cortex; Signal Transduction; Tobacco Use Disorder; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2003 |
Rat hepatic CYP2E1 is induced by very low nicotine doses: an investigation of induction, time course, dose response, and mechanism.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Induction; Enzyme Stability; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 2003 |
Increased respiratory symptoms following surgery in children exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Child; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Hernia, Inguinal; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Parents; Postoperative Complications; Prospective Studies; Respiration Disorders; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2003 |
Smoking during pregnancy and newborn neurobehavior.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Central Nervous System; Child Development; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Female; Humans; Infant Behavior; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mothers; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Self Disclosure; Smoking | 2003 |
Components of cigarette smoke inhibit expansion of oocyte-cumulus complexes from porcine follicles.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Animals; Cadmium; Cotinine; Female; Follicle Stimulating Hormone; Granulosa Cells; Hyaluronic Acid; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Ovarian Follicle; Progesterone; Swine | 2003 |
High levels of transdermal nicotine exposure produce green tobacco sickness in Latino farmworkers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Agriculture; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Saliva; Smoking | 2003 |
Measuring nicotine intake in population surveys: comparability of saliva cotinine and plasma cotinine estimates.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Predictive Value of Tests; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2003 |
Acceptability and validity of hair collection from Latino children to assess exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hair; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Infant; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Parent-Child Relations; Patient Compliance; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Specimen Handling; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2003 |
Effects of nicotine deprivation on urges to drink and smoke in alcoholic smokers.
Topics: Adult; Alcoholism; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cues; Female; Humans; Imagery, Psychotherapy; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Salivation; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2003 |
In vitro effect of nicotine and cotinine on the susceptibility of LDL oxidation and hemoglobin glycosylation.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Cotinine; Glycosylation; Hemoglobins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Lipoproteins, LDL; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Smoking | 2003 |
Nicotine concentrations in deciduous teeth and cumulative exposure to tobacco smoke during childhood.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tooth, Deciduous | 2003 |
[Application of cotinine determination for the assessment of active and passive smoking of delivering women].
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2003 |
Simultaneous determination of the tobacco smoke uptake parameters nicotine, cotinine and thiocyanate in urine, saliva and hair, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for characterisation of smoking status of recently exposed subjects.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 2003 |
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in restaurants without separate ventilation systems for smoking and nonsmoking dining areas.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Air Pollution, Indoor; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Ohio; Restaurants; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Ventilation | 2003 |
Serum cotinine as a marker of environmental tobacco smoke exposure in epidemiological studies: the experience of the MATISS project.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2003 |
Inhibition of human liver microsomal (S)-nicotine oxidation by (-)-menthol and analogues.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Coumarins; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Haplorhini; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Menthol; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Smoking; Stereoisomerism; Steroid Hydroxylases | 2003 |
Studies on the respiratory and cardiovascular effects of (-)-cotinine.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular System; Cell Respiration; Cotinine; Nicotine; Pressure; Respiration | 1962 |
Studies on the metabolism of (-)-cotinine in the human.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine | 1962 |
N-Methylation of nicotine ad cotinine in vivo.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Methylation; Nicotine | 1963 |
Norcotinine (desmethylcotinine) as a urinary metabolite of nornicotine.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine | 1961 |
[RESEARCH ON THE METABOLISM OF TRYPTOPHAN IN RATS POISONED, IN AN ACUTE FASHION, WITH NICOTINE AND ITS METABOLITES: COTININE AND DIHYDROMETANICOTINE].
Topics: Body Fluids; Cotinine; Indoles; Metabolism; Nicotine; Rats; Research; Serotonin; Toxicology; Tryptophan; Urine | 1963 |
[RESEARCH ON TRYPTOPHAN METABOLISM IN THE RAT SUBJECTED TO CHRONIC COTININE POISONING. STUDY OF URINARY ELIMINATION AND DETERMINATION OF CERTAIN INDOLE DERIVATIVES IN THE BRAIN AND INTESTINES].
Topics: Brain; Cotinine; Indoleacetic Acids; Indoles; Intestines; Metabolism; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nicotine; Rats; Research; Serotonin; Toxicology; Tryptophan; Urine | 1963 |
[ON THE ACUTE AND CHRONIC TOXICITY OF COTININE, AND ON ITS CANCERIGENIC EFFECT IN THE RAT].
Topics: Carcinogens; Central Nervous System; Cotinine; Neoplasms; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nicotine; Pathology; Pharmacology; Pyridines; Rats; Research; Sympathetic Nervous System; Toxicology | 1964 |
DISPOSITION AND FATE OF (--)-COTININE-H3 IN THE MOUSE.
Topics: Animals; Cerebellum; Cotinine; Kidney; Metabolism; Mice; Nicotine; Research; Tritium | 1964 |
Enzymatic pathway for the formation of cotinine, a major metabolite of nicotine in rabbit liver.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Liver; Nicotine; Rabbits | 1960 |
Comparative American and Japanese tobacco smoke uptake parameters after overnight tobacco deprivation.
Topics: Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Japan; Male; Michigan; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; United States; White People | 2003 |
Measurement of nicotine and cotinine in human milk by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet absorbance detection.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2003 |
Tobacco-induced alterations to the Fourier-transform infrared spectrum of serum.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Substance Abuse Detection; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2003 |
Cotinine inhibits catecholamine release evoked by cholinergic stimulation from the rat adrenal medulla.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Acetylcholine; Adrenal Medulla; Animals; Catecholamines; Cotinine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; In Vitro Techniques; Indoles; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Potassium Chloride; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2003 |
N-glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by human liver microsomes and heterologously expressed UDP-glucuronosyltransferases.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Cricetinae; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Uridine Diphosphate | 2003 |
Determination of nicotine and its metabolites in urine by solid-phase extraction and sample stacking capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2003 |
Dementia rating and nicotinic receptor expression in the prefrontal cortex in schizophrenia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Dementia; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Prefrontal Cortex; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Pyridines; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Nicotinic; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking | 2003 |
Assessment of urinary cotinine as a marker of nicotine absorption from tobacco leaves: a study on tobacco farmers in Malaysia.
Topics: Agriculture; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Humans; Malaysia; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Diseases; Occupational Exposure; Plants, Toxic; Protective Clothing; Skin Absorption; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2003 |
A comparative study on the effect of nicotine administration and cigarette smoke inhalation on bone healing around titanium implants.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Implants, Experimental; Male; Niacin; Nicotine; Osseointegration; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2003 |
Determination of nicotine and cotinine in rat plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2003 |
A simple and reliable method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in teeth by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Child; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tooth | 2003 |
Age- and sex-related differences in alcohol and nicotine effects in C57BL/6J mice.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Body Temperature; Brain; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Sex Factors | 2003 |
Urinary levels of nicotine & cotinine in tobacco users.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking | 2003 |
Determination of nicotine and its major metabolite cotinine in plasma or serum by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry using ion-trap detection.
Topics: Calibration; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results | 2003 |
Cotinine as a biomarker of systemic nicotine exposure in spit tobacco users.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Deglutition; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2004 |
Does in utero exposure to heavy maternal smoking induce nicotine withdrawal symptoms in neonates?
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nervous System Diseases; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2004 |
In utero and lactation exposure of rats to 1R4F reference cigarette mainstream smoke: effect on prenatal and postnatal development.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Behavior, Animal; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Lactation; Male; Maternal Exposure; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Particle Size; Paternal Exposure; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproduction; Respiratory System; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Smoke | 2004 |
Households contaminated by environmental tobacco smoke: sources of infant exposures.
Topics: Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Male; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
Assessment of environmental tobacco smoke exposure: urinary cotinine concentrations in children are strongly associated with the house dust concentrations of nicotine at home.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Housing; Humans; Infant; Male; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Vacuum | 2004 |
Smoking cessation increases gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular fluid.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gingiva; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Laser-Doppler Flowmetry; Male; Microcirculation; Nicotine; Regional Blood Flow; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2004 |
Determination of nicotine and cotinine in tobacco harvesters' urine by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Occupations; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2004 |
Measuring tobacco smoke exposure: quantifying nicotine/cotinine concentration in biological samples by colorimetry, chromatography and immunoassay methods.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colorimetry; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
Do children with asthma and their parents agree on household ETS exposure? Implications for asthma management.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Asthma; Attitude to Health; Child; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Family Characteristics; Female; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Humans; Los Angeles; Male; Nicotine; Parents; Patient Education as Topic; Psychology, Child; Self Care; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
[Depression, tobacco dependence and nicotine].
Topics: Aged; Alcoholism; Bipolar Disorder; Chewing Gum; Comorbidity; Cotinine; Creatinine; Depressive Disorder; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking Cessation; Substance Abuse Detection; Tobacco Use Disorder; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
A preliminary investigation of early smoking initiation and nicotine dependence in Korean adults.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Korea; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2004 |
An 18-month follow-up study on the influence of smoking on blood antioxidant status of teenage girls in comparison with adult male smokers in Korea.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Pressure; Copper; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Superoxide Dismutase | 2004 |
Immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory effects of nicotine administered by patch in an animal model.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Formation; Blotting, Western; Body Temperature; Calcium Signaling; Cell Proliferation; Concanavalin A; Cotinine; Erythrocytes; Hemolytic Plaque Technique; Immunity; Immunity, Cellular; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Nicotine; Phospholipase C gamma; Phosphorylation; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, alpha-beta; Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms; Spleen; T-Lymphocytes; Turpentine; Type C Phospholipases; Vaccination | 2004 |
Nicotine and cotinine in adults' urine: The German Environmental Survey 1998.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Diet; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Germany; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reference Values; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
Sex differences in voluntary oral nicotine consumption by adolescent mice: a dose-response experiment.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Age Factors; Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Self Administration; Sex Characteristics | 2004 |
[Recommendation of good practice: Therapeutic strategies, with or without the assistance of medicine-based treatment, for stopping smoking (May 2003)].
Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Bupropion; Cotinine; Female; Humans; MEDLINE; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2004 |
Binding and functional activity of nicotinic cholinergic receptors in selected rat brain regions are increased following long-term but not short-term nicotine treatment.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Ligands; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Protein Binding; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Time Factors; Up-Regulation | 2004 |
Level of nicotine replacement during a quit-smoking attempt.
Topics: Cotinine; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Nicotine; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Specimen Handling; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Development of a New Zealand white rabbit model of spinal pseudarthrosis repair and evaluation of the potential role of OP-1 to overcome pseudarthrosis.
Topics: Animals; Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7; Bone Morphogenetic Proteins; Cotinine; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Female; Humans; Ilium; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Lumbar Vertebrae; Nicotine; Postoperative Complications; Pseudarthrosis; Rabbits; Radiography; Recombinant Proteins; Single-Blind Method; Spinal Diseases; Spinal Fusion; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Transplantation, Autologous; Wound Healing | 2004 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio as an index of cytochrome P450 2A6 metabolic activity.
Topics: Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Saliva | 2004 |
Nicotine and cotinine levels in blood and urine from forensic autopsy cases.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Autopsy; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Suicide | 2004 |
Smoking cigarettes of low nicotine yield does not reduce nicotine intake as expected: a study of nicotine dependency in Japanese males.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Japan; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2004 |
Assessment of smoking status among workers using an improved colorimetric method.
Topics: Colorimetry; Cotinine; Humans; Japan; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2004 |
Active immunization against nicotine alters the distribution of nicotine but not the metabolism to cotinine in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Immunoconjugates; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vaccination | 2004 |
Hair analysis of nicotine and cotinine for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Reference Standards; Smoke; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2004 |
Screening for drugs of abuse in hair with ion spray LC-MS-MS.
Topics: Amphetamines; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chromatography, Liquid; Cocaine; Cotinine; Diazepam; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Drug Overdose; Flunitrazepam; Forensic Medicine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Narcotics; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Substance Abuse Detection | 2004 |
Assessing nicotine metabolism in pregnancy--a novel approach using hair analysis.
Topics: Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 2004 |
Beta2-subunit-containing nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are critical for dopamine-dependent locomotor activation following repeated nicotine administration.
Topics: Animals; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Dopamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Pimozide; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2004 |
Pharmacogenetics of nicotine metabolism in twins: methods and procedures.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Pharmacogenetics; Twins | 2004 |
Metabolism of nicotine and cotinine by human cytochrome P450 2A13.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Insecta; Microsomes; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Substrate Specificity | 2005 |
[Usefulness of biological markers in the evaluation of smoking at the first visit of a smoking cessation program].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; France; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Toxic; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2004 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, norcotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in human oral fluid using solid phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2005 |
Smoke constituent exposure and smoking topography of adolescent daily cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2004 |
Influence of menstrual cycle on cytochrome P450 2A6 activity and cardiovascular effects of nicotine.
Topics: Adrenocorticotropic Hormone; Adult; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Blood Pressure; Cardiovascular Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Deuterium; Epinephrine; Estradiol; Female; Follicular Phase; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Luteal Phase; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Progesterone | 2005 |
Similar uptake of lung carcinogens by smokers of regular, light, and ultralight cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Smoke; Smoking; Tars | 2005 |
Do smokers who commit suicide have high blood levels of nicotine?
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Suicide; Suicide, Attempted | 2005 |
Effects of postnatal nicotine exposure on apoptotic markers in the developing piglet brain.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Brain; Caspase 3; Caspases; Cell Count; Cotinine; DNA Fingerprinting; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Sex Factors; Swine | 2005 |
A rapid LC-MS-MS method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in serum and saliva samples from smokers: validation and comparison with a radioimmunoassay method.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Quality Control; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2005 |
Brain uptake kinetics of nicotine and cotinine after chronic nicotine exposure.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1; In Vitro Techniques; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344 | 2005 |
Modified nicotine metabolism in transgenic tobacco plants expressing the human cytochrome P450 2A6 cDNA.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; DNA, Complementary; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Molecular Structure; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plants, Genetically Modified; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 2005 |
Nicotine 5'-oxidation and methyl oxidation by P450 2A enzymes.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Smoking; Steroid Hydroxylases; Tritium | 2005 |
Nicotine metabolism: the impact of CYP2A6 on estimates of additive genetic influence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Family Health; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Phenotype; Twin Studies as Topic; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic | 2005 |
Urinary metabolites of a tobacco-specific lung carcinogen in nonsmoking hospitality workers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Glucuronates; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Restaurants; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Workforce | 2005 |
Root surface conditioning with nicotine or cotinine reduces viability and density of fibroblasts in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Cell Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Dental Scaling; Dentin; Fibroblasts; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Tooth Root | 2005 |
Smoking topography, brand switching, and nicotine delivery: results from an in vivo study.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Random Allocation; Reproducibility of Results; Respiration; Risk Assessment; Saliva; Smoking; Toxins, Biological | 2005 |
Increased nicotine and cotinine levels in smokers with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder is not a metabolic effect.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Demography; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Psychotic Disorders; Regression Analysis; Schizophrenia; Smoking | 2005 |
Japanese spousal smoking study revisited: how a tobacco industry funded paper reached erroneous conclusions.
Topics: Adult; Conflict of Interest; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Cotinine; Creatinine; Diet; Female; Humans; Japan; Life Style; Lung Neoplasms; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Research Design; Research Support as Topic; Saliva; Self Disclosure; Smoking; Spouses; Tobacco Industry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
DARPP-32 phosphorylation opposes the behavioral effects of nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Cotinine; Dopamine and cAMP-Regulated Phosphoprotein 32; Female; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phosphorylation | 2005 |
Influence of nicotine and cotinine on epithelial colonization by periodontopathogens.
Topics: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans; Analysis of Variance; Bacterial Adhesion; Cells, Cultured; Colony Count, Microbial; Cotinine; Epithelial Cells; Gingival Pocket; HeLa Cells; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
Biomarkers of exposure to passive smoking of school children: frequency and determinants.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Germany; Housing; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Parents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
The impact of nicotine on osseointegration. An experimental study in the femur and tibia of rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Cotinine; Dental Implants; Female; Femur; Fluorescent Dyes; Ganglionic Stimulants; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Subcutaneous; Nicotine; Osseointegration; Placebos; Rabbits; Stress, Mechanical; Surface Properties; Tibia; Titanium; Torque; Vibration | 2005 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine and its metabolite, cotinine, in rat blood and brain tissue using microdialysis coupled with liquid chromatography: pharmacokinetic application.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Microdialysis; Nicotine; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2005 |
Nicotine demethylation in Nicotiana cell suspension cultures: N'-formylnornicotine is not involved.
Topics: Alkaloids; Cell Culture Techniques; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Methylation; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrogen Isotopes | 2005 |
Iqmik--a form of smokeless tobacco used by pregnant Alaska natives: nicotine exposure in their neonates.
Topics: Adult; Alaska; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Inuit; Nervous System Diseases; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2005 |
P-glycoprotein does not actively transport nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; Biological Transport, Active; Blood-Brain Barrier; Cell Membrane; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Verapamil | 2005 |
Simple means to alleviate sensitivity loss by trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) mobile phases in the hydrophilic interaction chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometric (HILIC-ESI/MS/MS) bioanalysis of basic compounds.
Topics: Acetic Acid; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Ethionamide; Fluconazole; Humans; Isoniazid; Nicotine; Piperazines; Propionates; Purines; Pyrazinamide; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sildenafil Citrate; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sulfones; Trifluoroacetic Acid | 2005 |
Cotinine levels and green tobacco sickness among shade-tobacco workers.
Topics: Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Cohort Studies; Connecticut; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Prevalence; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Skin Absorption | 2005 |
Treating nondepressed smokers with alcohol dependence in sustained full remission: nicotine patch therapy tailored to baseline serum cotinine.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Alcoholism; Community-Institutional Relations; Cotinine; Depressive Disorder, Major; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Prevalence; Remission Induction; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Temperance; Treatment Outcome | 2005 |
CYP2A6, MAOA, DBH, DRD4, and 5HT2A genotypes, smoking behaviour and cotinine levels in 1518 UK adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Monoamine Oxidase; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2A; Receptors, Dopamine D4; Smoking | 2005 |
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure in children with asthma-relation between lead and cadmium, and cotinine concentrations in urine.
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Asthma; Biomarkers; Cadmium; Child; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Lead; Male; Metals, Heavy; Nicotine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
Secondhand smoke exposure and risk following the Irish smoking ban: an assessment of salivary cotinine concentrations in hotel workers and air nicotine levels in bars.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Ireland; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Restaurants; Risk Assessment; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2005 |
Chronic pancreatic inflammation induced by environmental tobacco smoke inhalation in rats.
Topics: Animals; Biopsy, Needle; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Immunohistochemistry; Nicotine; Pancreatic Function Tests; Pancreatitis-Associated Proteins; Pancreatitis, Chronic; Probability; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reference Values; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Differential effects of passive immunization with nicotine-specific antibodies on the acute and chronic distribution of nicotine to brain in rats.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Affinity; Brain; Cotinine; Immunization, Passive; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2006 |
Increases in alpha4* but not alpha3*/alpha6* nicotinic receptor sites and function in the primate striatum following chronic oral nicotine treatment.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Biological Transport; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; Nicotine; Putamen; Receptors, Nicotinic; Saimiri; Synaptosomes | 2006 |
Nicotine induces tissue factor expression in cultured endothelial and smooth muscle cells.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; DNA, Complementary; Endothelium, Vascular; Gene Expression; Humans; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Infarction; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Rabbits; Risk Factors; RNA, Messenger; Smoking; Stroke; Thromboplastin; Thrombosis; Transcription, Genetic | 2006 |
Correlating atmospheric and biological markers in studies of secondhand tobacco smoke exposure and dose in children and adults.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Hair; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Models, Theoretical; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Chronic nicotine improves working and reference memory performance and reduces hippocampal NGF in aged female rats.
Topics: Aging; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Hippocampus; Maze Learning; Memory; Nerve Growth Factor; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Spectrophotometry | 2006 |
Isoflavones inhibit nicotine C-oxidation catalyzed by human CYP2A6.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Baculoviridae; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Dietary Supplements; Genistein; Genotype; Homozygote; Humans; Insecta; Isoflavones; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenotype; Soy Foods | 2006 |
Effects of nicotine vary across two auditory evoked potentials in the mouse.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Cotinine; Drug Administration Schedule; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists | 2007 |
Smoking cessation advice for patients with chronic periodontitis.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Bupropion; Carbon Monoxide; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Counseling; Dental Hygienists; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nicotine; Patient Education as Topic; Periodontitis; Professional-Patient Relations; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Treatment Outcome | 2006 |
Airborne exposure and biological monitoring of bar and restaurant workers before and after the introduction of a smoking ban.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Norway; Occupational Exposure; Public Facilities; Restaurants; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Metabolism of nicotine in rat lung microvascular endothelial cells.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cells, Cultured; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Endothelial Cells; Endothelium, Vascular; Enzyme Inhibitors; Lung; Male; Membrane Proteins; Microcirculation; Nicotine; Oxygenases; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase | 2006 |
Diminished nicotine withdrawal in adolescent rats: implications for vulnerability to addiction.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reward; Self Stimulation; Sensory Thresholds; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2006 |
Development and in vitro/in vivo evaluations of bioadhesive buccal tablets for nicotine replacement therapy.
Topics: Acrylic Resins; Adhesiveness; Adhesives; Adult; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chitosan; Cotinine; Dosage Forms; Female; Humans; Kinetics; Magnesium Hydroxide; Male; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking Cessation; Solubility | 2006 |
4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol and its glucuronides in the urine of infants exposed to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Glucuronides; Humans; Infant; Male; Mothers; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
A validated method for the determination of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, and norcotinine in human plasma using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Atmospheric Pressure; Blood Chemical Analysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Extraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2006 |
Directly measured secondhand smoke exposure and COPD health outcomes.
Topics: Aged; Cotinine; Dyspnea; Female; Film Dosimetry; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Prognosis; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Quality of Life; Risk Factors; Severity of Illness Index; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Comparative analysis of the effects of hubble-bubble (Sheesha) and cigarette smoking on respiratory and metabolic parameters in hubble-bubble and cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cholesterol, HDL; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; Spirometry | 2006 |
Environmental tobacco smoke and risk of spontaneous abortion.
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Adult; Biomarkers; Caffeine; Case-Control Studies; Chromosome Aberrations; Cotinine; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Nausea; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Sweden; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Nicotine and cotinine levels in body fluids of smokers who committed suicide.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Case-Control Studies; Cause of Death; Comorbidity; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Suicide | 2007 |
Biomarkers of passive smoking among Greek preschool children.
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Greece; Humans; Interviews as Topic; Male; Nicotine; Parents; Sex Distribution; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Cigarette yields and human exposure: a comparison of alternative testing regimens.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking | 2006 |
Cotinine and spontaneous abortion: might variations in metabolism play a role?
Topics: Abortion, Spontaneous; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A2; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Simple, rapid and sensitive assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results | 2006 |
Comparison of parental reports of smoking and residential air nicotine concentrations in children.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Bias; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Data Collection; Female; Germany; Humans; Male; Netherlands; Nicotine; Parents; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Sweden; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of nicotine and cotinine in small amounts of human hair using liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Atmospheric Pressure; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Mice; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2006 |
Effect of systemic administration of nicotine on healing in osseous defects. An experimental study in rabbits. Part II.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Bone Density; Bone Diseases; Cotinine; Dinoprostone; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Placebos; Rabbits; Tibia; Time Factors; Wound Healing | 2006 |
Enamel matrix derivative versus guided tissue regeneration in the presence of nicotine: a histomorphometric study in dogs.
Topics: Absorbable Implants; Alveolar Bone Loss; Alveolar Process; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Connective Tissue; Cotinine; Debridement; Dental Cementum; Dental Enamel Proteins; Dental Plaque; Disease Models, Animal; Dogs; Epithelial Attachment; Gingival Recession; Guided Tissue Regeneration, Periodontal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Membranes, Artificial; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Random Allocation; Surgical Flaps; Wound Healing | 2006 |
Urinary nicotine and its metabolites as a biomarker of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy for study of amyloid beta-peptide interactions with (-) nicotine ditartrate and (-) cotinine.
Topics: Amyloid beta-Peptides; Cotinine; Electric Impedance; Electrodes; Gold Colloid; Nicotine; Peptide Fragments; Spectrum Analysis | 2007 |
Inhibition of nicotine metabolism by methoxysalen: Pharmacokinetic and pharmacological studies in mice.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Enzyme Inhibitors; Male; Methoxsalen; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microsomes; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction | 2007 |
Cotinine concentration in smokers from different countries: relationship with amount smoked and cigarette type.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Behavior, Addictive; Biomarkers; Brazil; China; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Poland; Saliva; Sampling Studies; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tars | 2006 |
DNA damage and repair capacity by comet assay in lymphocytes of white-collar active smokers and passive smokers (non- and ex-smokers) at workplace.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Biomarkers; Comet Assay; Cotinine; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lymphocytes; Male; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Workplace | 2006 |
A comparison of nicotine dose estimates in smokers between filter analysis, salivary cotinine, and urinary excretion of nicotine metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Filtration; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Saliva; Smoking; Tars | 2006 |
CYP2A6 genotype, phenotype, and the use of nicotine metabolites as biomarkers during ad libitum smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alleles; Analysis of Variance; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Canada; Carbon Monoxide; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; White People | 2006 |
TDM grand rounds: neonatal nicotine withdrawal syndrome in an infant prenatally and postnatally exposed to heavy cigarette smoke.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Milk, Human; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking | 2006 |
Self-reported nicotine exposure and plasma levels of cotinine in early and late pregnancy.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Self Disclosure; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
3-week inhalation exposure to cigarette smoke and/or lipopolysaccharide in AKR/J mice.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Apoptosis; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Feasibility Studies; Inhalation Exposure; Lipopolysaccharides; Macrophages; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred AKR; Neutrophils; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Particle Size; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory Function Tests; Respiratory System; Smoke; Time Factors | 2007 |
Clinical laboratory evaluation of potential reduced exposure products for smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2006 |
Disconnection between activation and desensitization of autonomic nicotinic receptors by nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cotinine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Ganglionic Stimulants; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Time Factors | 2007 |
Characterization and comparison of nicotine and cotinine metabolism in vitro and in vivo in DBA/2 and C57BL/6 mice.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6 Inhibitors; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Species Specificity | 2007 |
Nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6 activity in a population of black African descent: impact of gender and light smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Area Under Curve; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Black People; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genetic Variation; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Reference Values; Sex Factors; Smoking | 2007 |
Mass spectrometric quantitation of nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human toenails.
Topics: Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nails; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2006 |
Prediction methods for nicotine clearance using cotinine and 3-hydroxy-cotinine spot saliva samples II. Model application.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Bayes Theorem; Biotransformation; Computer Simulation; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Humans; Liver; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Models, Biological; Models, Statistical; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Predictive Value of Tests; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Smoking | 2007 |
Selective hair analysis of nicotine by molecular imprinted solid-phase extraction: an application for evaluating tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Solid Phase Extraction; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
Monoamine oxidase A rather than monoamine oxidase B inhibition increases nicotine reinforcement in rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Drug Interactions; Male; Monoamine Oxidase; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reinforcement Schedule; Reinforcement, Psychology; Self Administration; Time Factors | 2006 |
Effects of high dose transdermal nicotine replacement in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Algorithms; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Leukocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2007 |
A novel duplication type of CYP2A6 gene in African-American population.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; Base Sequence; Black or African American; Chewing Gum; Cotinine; Crossing Over, Genetic; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Female; Gene Duplication; Gene Frequency; Genotype; Homozygote; Humans; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phenotype; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Smoking; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; White People | 2007 |
Nicotine and cotinine in infants dying from sudden infant death syndrome.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cerebrospinal Fluid; Cotinine; Female; Forensic Medicine; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hair; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Infant; Nicotine; Pericardium; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking; Sudden Infant Death; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2008 |
DNA adducts in human placenta exposed to ambient environment and passive cigarette smoke during pregnancy.
Topics: Birth Weight; Cotinine; DNA Adducts; Female; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
[Evaluation of infants and younger children passive smoking at home and prevalence of their lower respiratory tract infectious].
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Biomarkers; Causality; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Creatinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemiological Monitoring; Housing; Humans; Infant; Nicotine; Parents; Prevalence; Reference Values; Respiratory Tract Infections; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Urban Population | 2006 |
[Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human biological materials and their significance in toxicological studies].
Topics: Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clinical Chemistry Tests; Cotinine; Diagnosis, Differential; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Hair; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Specimen Handling; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2006 |
[Assessment of occurrence frequency of cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in chosen body fluid samples].
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Body Fluids; Child; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
[Environmental tobacco smoke exposure in pregnancy and postpartum period].
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Poland; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Saliva; Self Disclosure; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
[The assessment of urinary nicotine metabolites concentration in children and teenagers with oesophagitis].
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Child; Comorbidity; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Epidemiological Monitoring; Esophagitis; Gastroesophageal Reflux; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Nicotine; Poland; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2006 |
[Seventy-five cases in which serum concentrations of cotinine were monitored prior to nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Substance Abuse Detection; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2007 |
[Nicotine and cotinine levels in body fluids of habitual smokers who committed suicide].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Japan; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Physiologic; Nicotine; Risk; Smoking; Stress, Psychological; Suicide; Suicide Prevention | 2006 |
Urine nicotine metabolites and smoking behavior in a multiracial/multiethnic national sample of young adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2007 |
Fetal and neonatal exposure to nicotine disrupts ovarian function and fertility in adult female rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cotinine; Female; Fertility; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Male; Nicotine; Ovary; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2006 |
The role of air nicotine in explaining racial differences in cotinine among tobacco-exposed children.
Topics: Asthma; Black People; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Ohio; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; White People | 2007 |
Nicotine, cotinine, withdrawal, and craving patterns during smoking and nicotine nasal spray use: results from a pilot study with African American men.
Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Algorithms; Black or African American; Cotinine; Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders; Drug Administration Schedule; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2007 |
Long-term changes in sleep and depressive symptoms of smokers in abstinence.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Depression; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polysomnography; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders; Sleep, REM; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2007 |
Nicotine promotes colon tumor growth and angiogenesis through beta-adrenergic activation.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Agonists; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Colonic Neoplasms; Cotinine; Cyclooxygenase 2; Dinoprostone; Epinephrine; HT29 Cells; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Mice; Mice, Nude; Neoplasm Transplantation; Neovascularization, Pathologic; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-2; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2007 |
Distinct effects of acute and chronic nicotine application on microvascular thrombus formation and endothelial function in male and female mice.
Topics: Animals; Arterioles; Blood Platelets; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; P-Selectin; Sex Factors; Thrombosis; Time Factors; Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1; Venules | 2007 |
Urinary biomarkers to assess exposure of cats to environmental tobacco smoke.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cats; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucuronates; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
Increases in impulsivity following smoking abstinence are related to baseline nicotine intake and boredom susceptibility.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Boredom; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Impulsive Behavior; Intelligence Tests; Male; Nicotine; Psychological Tests; Saccades; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2007 |
Sweat testing in addicts under methadone treatment: an Italian experience.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Cotinine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Italy; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Narcotics; Nicotine; Pyrrolidines; Sweat | 2008 |
Sex-based and hormonal contraception effects on the metabolism of nicotine among adolescent tobacco-dependent smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Area Under Curve; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cohort Studies; Contraceptives, Oral, Hormonal; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2007 |
Sensitivity and specificity of a reagent-impregnated test strip in identifying smokeless tobacco users.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Psychometrics; Reagent Strips; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Substance Abuse Detection; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2007 |
Pleiotropic impact of constitutive fosB inactivation on nicotine-induced behavioral alterations and stress-related traits in mice.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Blotting, Western; Caudate Nucleus; Corticosterone; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Food Preferences; Gene Expression Regulation; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Protein Isoforms; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Putamen; Quinine; Saccharin | 2007 |
CYP2B6 genotype does not alter nicotine metabolism, plasma levels, or abstinence with nicotine replacement therapy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Inhalation; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Genotype; Humans; Linkage Disequilibrium; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Smoking Cessation | 2007 |
Biotransformation of caffeine, cotinine, and nicotine in stream sediments: implications for use as wastewater indicators.
Topics: Biotransformation; Caffeine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cotinine; Geologic Sediments; Industrial Waste; Nicotine; Water Microbiology; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2007 |
The comparison of two smoking biomarkers in various biological samples.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2007 |
Nicotine glucuronidation and the human UDP-glucuronosyltransferase UGT2B10.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Biotransformation; Conserved Sequence; Cotinine; Female; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Intestines; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Male; Microsomes; Microsomes, Liver; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Protein Sorting Signals; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Stereoisomerism | 2007 |
Relationship of human toenail nicotine, cotinine, and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol to levels of these biomarkers in plasma and urine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Endpoint Determination; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Inhalation Exposure; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nails; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2007 |
Effect of delivered dosage of cigarette smoke toxins on the levels of urinary biomarkers of exposure.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Exposure; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Smoking; Toxins, Biological; Urinalysis | 2007 |
Analysis of [3',3'-d(2)]-nicotine and [3',3'-d(2)]-cotinine by capillary liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biomarkers; Calibration; Capillary Electrochromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Deuterium; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Radioactive Tracers; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Solid Phase Extraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Substance Abuse Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2007 |
Higher nicotine and carbon monoxide levels in menthol cigarette smokers with and without schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Male; Menthol; Nicotine; Schizophrenia; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2007 |
Interaction between nicotine and MPTP/MPP+ in rat brain endothelial cells.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Algorithms; Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Antagonists; Endothelial Cells; Extracellular Space; Male; Microdialysis; MPTP Poisoning; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nonlinear Dynamics; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction | 2007 |
Assessment of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure by determining nicotine and its metabolites in meconium.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Environmental Exposure; Female; Germany; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Toxicology; Urinalysis | 2007 |
Nicotine intake and steady-state cotinine when smoking cigarettes of different yields.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking | 2007 |
Breastfeeding and smoking: short-term effects on infant feeding and sleep.
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Sleep Stages; Sleep Wake Disorders; Smoking | 2007 |
Validation of self-reported smoking status using saliva cotinine: a rapid semiquantitative dipstick method.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Child; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Data Collection; Humans; Immunoassay; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2007 |
Development of an anti-cotinine vaccine to potentiate nicotine-based smoking cessation strategies.
Topics: Animals; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dopamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking Cessation; Vaccines, Conjugate | 2007 |
Potentially reduced exposure cigarettes accelerate atherosclerosis: evidence for the role of nicotine.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Aorta; Apolipoproteins E; Azo Compounds; Coloring Agents; Coronary Artery Disease; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Gene Silencing; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Smoking; Tars | 2007 |
Toxicological evaluation of potassium sorbate added to cigarette tobacco.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; BALB 3T3 Cells; Body Weight; Bone Marrow Cells; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cell Survival; Cotinine; Female; Food Preservatives; Leukocyte Count; Leukocytes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mutagenicity Tests; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Reticulocytes; Salmonella typhimurium; Smoke; Sorbic Acid | 2008 |
Glucuronidation of nicotine and cotinine by UGT2B10: loss of function by the UGT2B10 Codon 67 (Asp>Tyr) polymorphism.
Topics: Cell Line; Codon; Cotinine; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2007 |
A MIP-based impedimetric sensor for the detection of low-MW molecules.
Topics: Biosensing Techniques; Cotinine; Electric Impedance; Electrodes; Molecular Weight; Nicotine; Polymers; Spectrum Analysis | 2008 |
Cell proliferation kinetics and genotoxicity in lymphocytes of smokers living in Mexico City.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cell Cycle; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; DNA Damage; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Kinetics; Lymphocytes; Male; Mexico; Middle Aged; Mitotic Index; Mutagens; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidative Stress; Sister Chromatid Exchange; Smoking | 2007 |
Differences in cotinine in tobacco-exposed children.
Topics: Asthma; Black People; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Ohio; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; White People | 2007 |
Gene-gene interactions between CYP2B6 and CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolism.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acid Substitution; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Female; Genotype; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Pharmacogenetics; Phenotype; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic | 2007 |
Assessment of the relation between biomarkers for smoking and biomarkers for acrylamide exposure in humans.
Topics: Acrylamide; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Epoxy Compounds; Female; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
Pilot study of methods to measure saliva cotinine in Alaska Native women during pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Alaska; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Immunoassay; Indians, North American; Inuit; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2007 |
Quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, nornicotine and norcotinine in human meconium by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Infant, Newborn; Mass Spectrometry; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2008 |
[Oxidation of nicotine and chelating agent by mercury(II)-compounds].
Topics: Calcium Oxalate; Chelating Agents; Cotinine; Edetic Acid; Ethanol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Mercury Compounds; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Water | 2008 |
Cotinine selectively activates a subpopulation of alpha3/alpha6beta2 nicotinic receptors in monkey striatum.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Animals; Azetidines; Brain; Cocaine; Conotoxins; Cotinine; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Female; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Receptors, Nicotinic; Saimiri | 2008 |
The effects of acute and repeated nicotine doses on spontaneous activity in male and female Sprague Dawley rats: analysis of brain area epibatidine binding and cotinine levels.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cotinine; Female; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sex Characteristics | 2008 |
Cigarette smoke, nicotine and cotinine protect against 6-hydroxydopamine-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y cells.
Topics: Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Catecholamines; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cotinine; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; Neuroprotective Agents; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidopamine; Phenotype; Pyridines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoke; Smoking; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 2008 |
Hair nicotine:cotinine metabolic ratio in pregnant women: a new method to study metabolism in late pregnancy.
Topics: Canada; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Hospitals, Maternity; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Prospective Studies; Radioimmunoassay; Smoking | 2008 |
Exposure to nicotine and a tobacco-specific carcinogen increase with duration of use of smokeless tobacco.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Time Factors; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2008 |
Genetic influences in the variation in renal clearance of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Biological Transport, Active; Cotinine; Female; Genetic Variation; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Twins; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic | 2008 |
[Detecting nicotine and its metabolite cotinine in human hair with capillary gas chromatography].
Topics: Cotinine; Flame Ionization; Hair; Humans; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2008 |
[Nicotine in the hair as a biomarker of tobacco smoke by pregnant women--preliminary study].
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Smoking | 2007 |
Sensitivity of young rats to nicotine exposure: Physiological and biochemical parameters.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Brain; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Injections, Subcutaneous; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
Acute effects of nicotine and smoking on blood flow, tissue oxygen, and aerobe metabolism of the skin and subcutis.
Topics: Adult; Aerobiosis; Arteries; Blood Flow Velocity; Cotinine; Glucose; Humans; Lactates; Male; Nicotine; Oxygen; Skin; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Young Adult | 2009 |
Attenuated beta endorphin response to acute stress is associated with smoking relapse.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adult; beta-Endorphin; Cotinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Psychomotor Performance; Recurrence; Risk; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Social Environment; Stress, Psychological; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2008 |
Nicotine in breast milk influences heart rate variability in the infant.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Electrocardiography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Behavior; Milk, Human; Mothers; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoking | 2008 |
In vitro evaluation of the effect of nicotine, cotinine, and caffeine on oral microorganisms.
Topics: Bacteria; Biofilms; Caffeine; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Microbial Viability; Mouth; Nicotine; Periodontal Diseases | 2008 |
Stability of the nicotine metabolite ratio in ad libitum and reducing smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2008 |
The reliability and validity of self-reported puffing behavior: evidence from a cross-national study.
Topics: Adult; Australia; Behavior; Canada; Cotinine; Cross-Cultural Comparison; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; London; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Self Disclosure; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; United States | 2008 |
Use of nicotine replacement therapy among never smokers in the 1999-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nonprescription Drugs; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; United States; Young Adult | 2008 |
Nails of newborns in monitoring drug exposure during pregnancy.
Topics: Caffeine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cocaine; Cotinine; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methadone; Morphine; Nails; Narcotics; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Smoking | 2008 |
Ultrasensitive detection of nicotine and cotinine in teeth by high-performance liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Parents; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tooth, Deciduous | 2008 |
Sex-related differences in serum cotinine concentrations in daily cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Canada; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Sex Distribution; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2008 |
Nicotine metabolism in pregnant and nonpregnant rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Blotting, Western; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6; Female; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rabbits | 2008 |
Smoking characteristics and saliva cotinine levels in Taiwanese smokers: gender differences.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Sex Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance-Related Disorders; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taiwan | 2008 |
Rate of nicotine metabolism and withdrawal symptoms in adolescent light smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Air; Breath Tests; California; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Incidence; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Retrospective Studies; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2008 |
The feasibility of measuring puffing behaviour in roll-your-own cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Consumer Product Safety; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Materials Testing; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Self Disclosure; Smoke; Smoking; Young Adult | 2008 |
Studies on a simultaneous analytical method of urinary nicotine and its metabolites, and their half-lives in urine.
Topics: Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Half-Life; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 2008 |
Genome-wide linkage of cotinine pharmacokinetics suggests candidate regions on chromosomes 9 and 11.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 9; Cotinine; Deuterium; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Nicotine | 2009 |
Meconium nicotine and metabolites by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: differentiation of passive and nonexposure and correlation with neonatal outcome measures.
Topics: Apgar Score; Biomarkers; Body Size; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Gestational Age; Glucuronates; Humans; Hydrolysis; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2008 |
Nicotine metabolic rate predicts successful smoking cessation with transdermal nicotine: a validation study.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Predictive Value of Tests; ROC Curve; Smoking Cessation; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Determination of nicotine, cotinine, and related alkaloids in human urine and saliva by automated in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Online Systems; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Microextraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Time Factors | 2009 |
Smoking and Parkinson's disease: does nicotine affect alpha-synuclein fibrillation?
Topics: alpha-Synuclein; Amino Acid Sequence; Anabasine; Benzothiazoles; Chromatography, Gel; Cotinine; Humans; Hydroquinones; Microscopy, Atomic Force; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nicotine; Parkinson Disease; Protein Binding; Protein Multimerization; Smoking; Thiazoles | 2009 |
Optimal serum cotinine levels for distinguishing cigarette smokers and nonsmokers within different racial/ethnic groups in the United States between 1999 and 2004.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Clinical Laboratory Techniques; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Reference Values; ROC Curve; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; United States; Young Adult | 2009 |
Nicotine exposure can be detected in cerebrospinal fluid of active and passive smokers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mass Spectrometry; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Reference Standards; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2009 |
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke during pregnancy in rats yields less effect on indices of brain cell number and size than does postnatal exposure.
Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Bone and Bones; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Cell Count; Cell Size; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Weight; Male; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Organ Size; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Smoking | 2009 |
Differentiating nicotine- versus schizophrenia-associated decreases of the alpha7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor transcript, CHRFAM7A, in peripheral blood lymphocytes.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; C-Reactive Protein; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Lymphocytes; Nicotine; Protein Isoforms; Receptors, Nicotinic; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia; Smoking; Transcription, Genetic | 2009 |
Effects of chronic and acute smoking on AMLRs in older and younger listeners.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Auditory Pathways; Auditory Perception; Cotinine; Evoked Potentials, Auditory; Humans; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Nicotine; Smoking; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2008 |
Detection of nicotine based on molecularly imprinted TiO2-modified electrodes.
Topics: Animals; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Catalysis; Cotinine; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Humans; Microscopy, Scanning Probe; Nicotine; Polymers; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Surface Properties; Swine; Time Factors; Titanium | 2009 |
Enantioseparation of nicotine alkaloids in cigarettes by CE using sulfated beta-CD as a chiral selector and a capillary coated with amino groups.
Topics: Alkaloids; Amines; Cotinine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stereoisomerism; Sulfates | 2009 |
Ambient air quality and drug aftermaths of the Notte Bianca (White Night) holidays in Rome.
Topics: Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Alkanes; Caffeine; Cocaine; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Holidays; Nicotine; Nitro Compounds; Nitrogen Dioxide; Ozone; Particulate Matter; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Rome; Temperature; Threshold Limit Values; Wind | 2009 |
Determination of nicotine in hair samples of pre-Columbian mummies.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cotinine; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; History, Ancient; Humans; Mummies; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists | 2009 |
A single-step extraction method for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in Jordanian smokers' blood and urine samples by RP-HPLC and GC-MS.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Jordan; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Uncertainty | 2009 |
Nicotine is neuroprotective when administered before but not after nigrostriatal damage in rats and monkeys.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine; Amphetamine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Autoradiography; Cocaine; Conotoxins; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Iodine Isotopes; Male; Motor Activity; Neuroprotective Agents; Neurotoxicity Syndromes; Nicotine; Oxidopamine; Protein Binding; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saimiri; Substantia Nigra; Time Factors | 2009 |
Link between facultative melanin and tobacco use among African Americans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Black or African American; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Melanins; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Skin Pigmentation; Smoking; Young Adult | 2009 |
Forensic implication of muscle level of nicotine in an adipocere body found in the sea.
Topics: Adult; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Diatoms; Drowning; Forensic Pathology; Forensic Toxicology; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Kidney; Liver; Lung; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Nicotine; Postmortem Changes; Seawater; Suicide | 2009 |
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method for nicotine metabolites determination in biological fluids.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Calibration; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cotinine; Densitometry; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Male; Nicotine; Rabbits; Reference Standards; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking | 2009 |
Smoking as a product of gene-environment interaction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Environment; Family; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Serotonin Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2009 |
The time-trend and the relation between smoking and circulating selenium concentrations in Norway.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glutathione Peroxidase; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Norway; Selenium; Smoking; Trace Elements | 2009 |
Re: "Neonatal hair nicotine levels and fetal exposure to paternal smoking at home".
Topics: Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Environmental Health; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2009 |
Combined exposure to nicotine and ethanol in adolescent mice: effects on the central cholinergic systems during short and long term withdrawal.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Biomarkers; Body Weight; Brain; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Cotinine; Drinking; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Female; Male; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Protein Binding; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Nicotinic; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Synapses; Time Factors | 2009 |
Analysis of myosmine, cotinine and nicotine in human toenail, plasma and saliva.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Cattle; Cotinine; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal; Esophagoscopy; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Molecular Structure; Nails; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoke | 2009 |
Urine nicotine metabolite concentrations in relation to plasma cotinine during low-level nicotine exposure.
Topics: Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Nicotine | 2009 |
Does longstanding nicotine exposure impair bone healing and osseointegration? An experimental study in rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone and Bones; Bone Density; Bone Development; Cotinine; Female; Fracture Healing; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Prostheses and Implants; Rabbits; Stress, Mechanical; Titanium | 2009 |
Correlation of prepulse inhibition and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test in schizophrenia and controls: effects of smoking status.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Cotinine; Executive Function; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Neural Inhibition; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Reaction Time; Reflex, Startle; Schizophrenia; Schizophrenic Psychology; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Time Factors | 2009 |
The effects of nicotine and cotinine on Porphyromonas gingivalis colonisation of epithelial cells.
Topics: Cell Survival; Cotinine; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; KB Cells; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Porphyromonas gingivalis | 2009 |
Impact of cigarette smoke exposure on innate immunity: a Caenorhabditis elegans model.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Cotinine; Immunity, Innate; Models, Animal; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RNA Interference; Smoke | 2009 |
Simultaneous and sensitive measurement of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human plasma by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2009 |
Nicotine metabolism in African Americans and European Americans: variation in glucuronidation by ethnicity and UGT2B10 haplotype.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Cotinine; DNA; Female; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; White People | 2010 |
Genetic influences on individual differences in nicotine glucuronidation.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Gene Frequency; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Twins; Twins, Dizygotic; Twins, Monozygotic | 2009 |
Preschool children and their mothers are more exposed to paternal smoking at home than school children and their mothers.
Topics: Adult; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Fathers; Female; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2010 |
Optimization and validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and norcotinine in human oral fluid.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2009 |
Multidrug poisoning involving nicotine and tramadol.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analgesics, Opioid; Brain Edema; Cotinine; Forensic Toxicology; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardium; Nicotine; Pulmonary Edema; Suicide; Tramadol | 2010 |
Role of CYP2A5 in the clearance of nicotine and cotinine: insights from studies on a Cyp2a5-null mouse model.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Female; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Progesterone; Recombination, Genetic; Testosterone; Tissue Distribution | 2010 |
Biomarker evaluation of Greek adolescents' exposure to secondhand smoke.
Topics: Adolescent; Aging; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Family; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Greece; Health Surveys; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Nicotine; Sex Characteristics; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2010 |
Determination of nicotine and cotinine in human serum by means of LC/MS.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Humans; Linear Models; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Extraction; Specimen Handling | 2010 |
Puffing behavior during the smoking of a single cigarette in tobacco-dependent adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Behavior, Addictive; Cotinine; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoke; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2010 |
Patterns of dual use of cigarettes and smokeless tobacco among US males: findings from national surveys.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Data Collection; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Socioeconomic Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless; United States; Young Adult | 2010 |
The effect of smoking on pain-related evoked potentials.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Brain; Cotinine; Electroencephalography; Evoked Potentials; Heart Rate; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Physical Stimulation; Smoking; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2010 |
The effect of menthol containing cigarettes on adult smokers' exposure to nicotine and carbon monoxide.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Black People; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; White People; Young Adult | 2010 |
Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for the simultaneous quantification of drugs of abuse in human placenta at 12th week of gestation.
Topics: Abortion, Induced; Amphetamines; Cocaine; Cotinine; Dronabinol; Female; Forensic Toxicology; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hallucinogens; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methadone; Morphine; N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; Narcotics; Nicotine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Specimen Handling; Substance Abuse Detection | 2010 |
Assessment of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke in young adolescents following implementation of smoke-free policy in Italy.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Educational Status; Environmental Exposure; Ganglionic Stimulants; Hair; Health Policy; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Italy; Nicotine; Parents; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2010 |
Quantitation of nicotine, its metabolites, and other related alkaloids in urine, serum, and plasma using LC-MS-MS.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2010 |
Assessing the accuracy of self-reported smoking status and impact of passive smoke exposure among pregnant Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander women using cotinine biochemical validation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Australia; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Self Disclosure; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2010 |
Effects of nicotine on pulmonary surfactant proteins A and D in ovine lung epithelia.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Fetal Organ Maturity; Immunohistochemistry; Lung; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein A; Pulmonary Surfactant-Associated Protein D; RNA, Messenger; Sheep; Smoking | 2010 |
Nicotine and its metabolites in amniotic fluid at birth--assessment of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Young Adult | 2010 |
The effect of calcium channel blockers on smoking-induced skin flap necrosis.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cotinine; Graft Survival; Male; Necrosis; Nicotine; Nifedipine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Smoking; Surgical Flaps; Vasodilation; Verapamil | 2010 |
Two UK suicides using nicotine extracted from tobacco employing instructions available on the Internet.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Forensic Pathology; Forensic Toxicology; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Internet; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Suicide; United Kingdom | 2010 |
Preadolescent tobacco smoke exposure leads to acute nicotine dependence but does not affect the rewarding effects of nicotine or nicotine withdrawal in adulthood in rats.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cotinine; Electric Stimulation; Environmental Exposure; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Reward; Self Stimulation; Sexual Maturation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2010 |
Assessment of nicotine inhalation exposure and urinary cotinine of tobacco processing workers.
Topics: Adult; Atrazine; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dust; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Health; Statistics as Topic; Time Factors | 2009 |
Assessment of nicotine dermal contact and urinary cotinine of tobacco processing workers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dust; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hand; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Occupational Health; Skin; Statistics as Topic | 2009 |
[Development of analytical method for determination nicotine metabolites in urine].
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Nicotine; Predictive Value of Tests | 2009 |
[Effect of combined exposure to ethanol and tobacco smoke on lipid peroxidation in rats].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Inhalation Exposure; Kidney; Lipid Peroxidation; Liver; Lung; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Smoke; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2009 |
Relations between toxicity and altered tissue distribution and urinary excretion of nicotine, cotinine, and hydroxycotinine after chronic oral administration of nicotine in rats.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Brain; Cotinine; Ganglionic Stimulants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glutathione Transferase; Kidney; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tissue Distribution | 2010 |
Varenicline treatment decreases DNMT1 mRNA expression in lymphocytes of schizophrenic patients who are cigarette smokers.
Topics: Benzazepines; Cotinine; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; Gene Expression; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Quinoxalines; RNA, Messenger; Schizophrenia; Smoking Cessation; Varenicline | 2010 |
Temporal stability of urinary and plasma biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure among cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Phenanthrenes; Pyridines; Smoking; Time | 2010 |
Nicotine and metabolites in meconium as evidence of maternal cigarette smoking during pregnancy and predictors of neonatal growth deficits.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2010 |
Association between nicotine metabolism and CYP2A6*1 and CYP2A6*4 genotypes in an Iranian population.
Topics: Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Female; Genotype; Humans; Iran; Nicotine; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length; Population Groups; White People | 2010 |
A sensitive enzyme immunoassay for measuring cotinine in passive smokers.
Topics: Animals; Base Sequence; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; DNA Primers; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2010 |
Estimation of nicotine dose after low-level exposure using plasma and urine nicotine metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Glucuronates; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2010 |
Neonatal nicotine exposure causes insulin and leptin resistance and inhibits hypothalamic leptin signaling in adult rat offspring.
Topics: Adipocytes; Adiponectin; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Blood Glucose; Cotinine; Drug Resistance; Female; Glycogen; Homeostasis; Hypertrophy; Hypothalamus; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Lactation; Leptin; Lipids; Liver; Male; Milk; Muscle, Skeletal; Nicotine; Rats; Signal Transduction | 2010 |
Nicotine exposure throughout early development promotes nicotine self-administration in adolescent mice and induces long-lasting behavioural changes.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Cell Membrane; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Development; Lactation; Maternal Exposure; Mice; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Self Administration; Smoking; Swimming; Time Factors | 2010 |
Heterogeneous photo-Fenton treatment for the reduction of pharmaceutical contamination in Madrid rivers and ecotoxicological evaluation by a miniaturized fern spores bioassay.
Topics: Biological Assay; Caffeine; Cotinine; Ecotoxicology; Ferns; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Iron; Miniaturization; Nicotine; Ofloxacin; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Rivers; Salicylic Acid; Spain; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2010 |
In vivo nicotine exposure in the zebra finch: a promising innovative animal model to use in neurodegenerative disorders related research.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Eating; Feces; Finches; Male; Motor Activity; Neurodegenerative Diseases; Nicotine; Songbirds; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vocalization, Animal | 2010 |
Effect of differing levels of tobacco-specific nitrosamines in cigarette smoke on the levels of biomarkers in smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Saliva; Smoking; Young Adult | 2010 |
Chinese 'low-tar' cigarettes do not deliver lower levels of nicotine and carcinogens.
Topics: Adult; Carcinogens; China; Consumer Product Safety; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tars | 2010 |
Toxicological evaluation of smokeless tobacco: 90-day rodent feeding studies.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endpoint Determination; Female; Male; Maximum Tolerated Dose; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Nicotine; Organ Size; Organ Specificity; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tobacco, Smokeless; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic | 2012 |
Threshold of biologic responses of the small airway epithelium to low levels of tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Gene Expression Profiling; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Respiratory Mucosa; RNA; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2010 |
High-throughput simultaneous analysis of five urinary metabolites of areca nut and tobacco alkaloids by isotope-dilution liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry with on-line solid-phase extraction.
Topics: Adult; Areca; Arecoline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2010 |
Biomonitoring of urinary cotinine concentrations associated with plasma levels of nicotine metabolites after daily cigarette smoking in a male Japanese population.
Topics: Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Asian People; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Environmental Monitoring; Genotype; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking | 2010 |
Carbamazepine but not valproate induces CYP2A6 activity in smokers with mental illness.
Topics: Adult; Anticonvulsants; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Bipolar Disorder; Carbamazepine; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Enzyme Induction; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Oxcarbazepine; Schizophrenia; Smoking; Valproic Acid; Young Adult | 2010 |
A prospective cohort study of biomarkers of prenatal tobacco smoke exposure: the correlation between serum and meconium and their association with infant birth weight.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2010 |
A sensitive HPLC-ESI-MS-MS method for the determination of cotinine in urine.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2010 |
Identification and quantification of nicotine biomarkers in human oral fluid from individuals receiving low-dose transdermal nicotine: a preliminary study.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Solid Phase Extraction; Substance Abuse Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2010 |
Determination of nicotine, anabasine, and cotinine in urine and saliva samples using single-drop microextraction.
Topics: Anabasine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Linear Models; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Sodium Chloride; Solid Phase Microextraction; Time Factors | 2010 |
Alteration of the material properties of the normal supraspinatus tendon by nicotine treatment in a rat model.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Elastic Modulus; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Risk Factors; Rotator Cuff; Rotator Cuff Injuries; Tendons; Tensile Strength; Wound Healing | 2010 |
Environmental tobacco smoke furthers progression of diabetic nephropathy.
Topics: Animals; Collagen Type IV; Cotinine; Diabetic Nephropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Disease Progression; Fibronectins; Glomerular Mesangium; Humans; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Transforming Growth Factor beta | 2011 |
Estimation and correlation of cigarette smoke exposure in Canadian smokers as determined by filter analysis and biomarkers of exposure.
Topics: Acrolein; Adult; Biomarkers; Canada; Cotinine; Female; Filtration; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pyrenes; Saliva; Smoke; Smoking; Tars; Young Adult | 2011 |
A survey of mouth level exposure to cigarette smoke in the United States.
Topics: Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Filtration; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Menthol; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sex Characteristics; Smoke; Smoking; Tars; United States | 2011 |
Human blood concentrations of cotinine, a biomonitoring marker for tobacco smoke, extrapolated from nicotine metabolism in rats and humans and physiologically based pharmacokinetic modeling.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Animals; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Models, Animal; Models, Theoretical; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Smoking | 2010 |
A case of acute eosinophilic pneumonia following short-term passive smoking: an evidence of very high level of urinary cotinine.
Topics: Acute Disease; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Dermatitis, Atopic; Eosinophils; Humans; Lung; Male; Nicotine; Prednisolone; Pulmonary Eosinophilia; Respiratory Insufficiency; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Young Adult | 2010 |
When smokers move out and non-smokers move in: residential thirdhand smoke pollution and exposure.
Topics: Adult; Air; Air Pollution, Indoor; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Female; Fingers; Housing; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Skin; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Tobacco-specific nitrosamine 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in smokers in the United States: NHANES 2007-2008.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Black People; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Nutrition Surveys; Pyridines; Smoking; Tars; United States; White People; Young Adult | 2011 |
Nicotine and cotinine affect the release of vasoactive factors by trophoblast cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells.
Topics: Antigens, CD; Cotinine; Endoglin; Endothelium, Vascular; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Nicotine; Placenta Growth Factor; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Proteins; Receptors, Cell Surface; Smoking; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Trophoblasts; Umbilical Veins; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 | 2011 |
Nicotine and metabolites in paired umbilical cord tissue and meconium specimens.
Topics: Anabasine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Umbilical Cord | 2011 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts smoking topography and carcinogen biomarker level.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Prognosis; Pyridines; Risk Assessment; Smoking; Survival Rate; Young Adult | 2011 |
Effect of nicotine, cotinine and cigarette smoke extract on the neutrophil respiratory burst.
Topics: Antibodies, Bacterial; Caspase 3; Caspase 7; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cotinine; Epithelium; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Immunoglobulin G; Immunohistochemistry; Lipopolysaccharides; Luminescent Agents; Luminescent Measurements; Luminol; Mouth Mucosa; Neutrophils; NF-kappa B; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Reactive Oxygen Species; Respiratory Burst; Smoke; Staphylococcus aureus | 2011 |
Time course of nicotine and cotinine incorporation into samples of nonsmokers' beard hair following a single dose of nicotine polacrilex.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymethacrylic Acids; Polyvinyls; Smoke; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Young Adult | 2011 |
First reported outbreak of green tobacco sickness in Brazil.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Biomarkers; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Child; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Risk Factors; Skin Absorption; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Young Adult | 2010 |
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method for nicotine and cotinine; utility in screening tobacco exposure in patients taking amiodarone.
Topics: Amiodarone; Cardiovascular Diseases; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Cotinine; Humans; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Mass Spectrometry; Milrinone; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Hair biomarkers as measures of maternal tobacco smoke exposure and predictors of fetal growth.
Topics: Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Canada; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Development; Hair; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
The relationship between nicotine dependence scores and biomarkers of exposure in adult cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biomarkers; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2011 |
The novel assay method for nicotine metabolism to cotinine using high performance liquid chromatography.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Humans; Nicotine; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2011 |
The effect of secondhand smoke exposure on markers of elastin degradation.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Desmosine; Elastin; Female; Humans; Isodesmosine; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Risk Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2011 |
Environmental tobacco smoke exposure among casino dealers.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Cotinine; Creatinine; Formaldehyde; Gambling; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Aromatic; Nevada; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Occupational Exposure; Particulate Matter; Pyridines; Terpenes; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Behavior of pharmaceuticals and drugs of abuse in a drinking water treatment plant (DWTP) using combined conventional and ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis (UF/RO) treatments.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Caffeine; Cocaine; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Erythromycin; Halogenation; Illicit Drugs; Iohexol; Kinetics; Nicotine; Osmosis; Ozone; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Ultrafiltration; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Pollution, Chemical; Water Purification; Water Supply | 2011 |
Smoking and secondhand smoke. Study finds no level of SHS exposure free of effects.
Topics: Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gene Expression; Humans; Nicotine; Respiratory Mucosa; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2010 |
Chronic nicotine exposure exacerbates acute renal ischemic injury.
Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adenoviridae; Animals; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Ischemia; Kidney; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Luciferases; Male; Malondialdehyde; MAP Kinase Kinase 4; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reperfusion Injury; Transcription Factor AP-1 | 2011 |
Nicotine, alcohol, and drug findings in young adults in a population-based postmortem database.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Autopsy; Cause of Death; Cotinine; Ethanol; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Psychotropic Drugs; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Use Disorder; Urine; Young Adult | 2011 |
Racial differences in the relationship between number of cigarettes smoked and nicotine and carcinogen exposure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Black or African American; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyridines; San Francisco; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; White People; Young Adult | 2011 |
Development of an ultrasensitive immunochromatography test to detect nicotine metabolites in oral fluids.
Topics: Antibodies; Body Fluids; Chromatography, Affinity; Cotinine; Equipment Design; Humans; Immunoassay; Limit of Detection; Methods; Nicotine; Point-of-Care Systems; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Pharmacokinetic study of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine to clarify possible association between smoking and voiding dysfunction in rats using UPLC/ESI-MS.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Urination Disorders | 2011 |
Shorter interpuff interval is associated with higher nicotine intake in smokers with schizophrenia.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Schizophrenia; Sex Factors; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2011 |
The contribution of common CYP2A6 alleles to variation in nicotine metabolism among European-Americans.
Topics: Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genetic Variation; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Smoking; White People | 2011 |
Is use of nicotine replacement therapy while continuing to smoke associated with increased nicotine intake? Evidence from a population sample.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2011 |
A LC-MS/MS method for concurrent determination of nicotine metabolites and role of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolism in U937 macrophages: implications in oxidative stress in HIV + smokers.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cell Line; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; HIV-1; Humans; Macrophages; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Oxidative Stress; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2012 |
Evaluation of the presence of drugs of abuse in tap waters.
Topics: Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cocaine; Cotinine; Drinking Water; Environmental Monitoring; Illicit Drugs; Methadone; Nicotine; Pyrrolidines; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization | 2011 |
Nicotine reduces L-DOPA-induced dyskinesias by acting at beta2* nicotinic receptors.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Autoradiography; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Corpus Striatum; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Functional Laterality; Levodopa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidopamine; Pyridines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Substantia Nigra; Sympatholytics | 2011 |
Measurement of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in meconium by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Hydroxides; Infant, Newborn; Linear Models; Maternal Exposure; Meconium; Nicotine; Potassium Compounds; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2011 |
Mainstream smoke of the waterpipe: does this environmental matrix reveal as significant source of toxic compounds?
Topics: Adult; Benzo(a)pyrene; Body Burden; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Glycerol; Humans; Hygroscopic Agents; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Propylene Glycol; Pyridines; Smoke; Smoking; Water | 2011 |
A one-year monitoring of nicotine use in sport: frontier between potential performance enhancement and addiction issues.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Athletes; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Doping in Sports; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Performance-Enhancing Substances; Pyridines; Smoking; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2011 |
Validation of a liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry method for the detection of nicotine biomarkers in hair and an evaluation of wash procedures for removal of environmental nicotine.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Evaluation of urinary cotinine immunoassay test strips used to assess smoking status.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Immunoassay; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reagent Strips; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2011 |
Determination of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine in urine and cigarette samples by capillary electrophoresis coupled with electrochemiluminescence.
Topics: Cotinine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Humans; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Luminescent Measurements; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Tobacco Products | 2011 |
The ratio of a urinary tobacco-specific lung carcinogen metabolite to cotinine is significantly higher in passive than in active smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Lung; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Oral fluid nicotine markers to assess smoking status and recency of use.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Young Adult | 2011 |
Effect of maternal tobacco smoking or exposure to second-hand smoke on the levels of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in urine of mother and the first urine of newborn.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Mothers; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Is smoking linked to positive symptoms in acutely ill psychiatric patients?
Topics: Acute Disease; Alcoholism; Antipsychotic Agents; Apathy; Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; Cotinine; Creatinine; Hospitalization; Humans; Mental Disorders; Mood Disorders; Nicotine; Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Medication; Smoking; Tobacco Products | 2012 |
Urinary biomarkers for secondhand smoke.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Simultaneous quantification of nicotine and metabolites in rat brain by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Animals; Biomarkers; Brain Chemistry; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Linear Models; Male; Nicotine; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2011 |
Quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine and varenicline in human plasma by a sensitive and specific UPLC-tandem mass-spectrometry procedure for a clinical study on smoking cessation.
Topics: Benzazepines; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Humans; Linear Models; Nicotine; Quinoxalines; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking Cessation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Varenicline | 2011 |
Hair nicotine/cotinine concentrations as a method of monitoring exposure to tobacco smoke among infants and adults.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Inhalation Exposure; Limit of Detection; Male; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2012 |
Urinary levels of cigarette smoke constituent metabolites are prospectively associated with lung cancer development in smokers.
Topics: Aged; China; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Phenanthrenes; Prospective Studies; Pyridines; Smoke; Smoking | 2011 |
Saliva cotinine levels in users of electronic cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2011 |
Anger, hostility, and aggression as predictors of persistent smoking during pregnancy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aggression; Anger; Cotinine; Depression; Female; Hostility; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Smoking; Stress, Psychological; Young Adult | 2011 |
Different binding modes of free and carrier-protein-coupled nicotine in a human monoclonal antibody.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antigen-Antibody Complex; Binding Sites; Carrier Proteins; Cotinine; Crystallography, X-Ray; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotine; Protein Binding; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Nicotinic; Vaccines, Conjugate | 2012 |
Nicotine depedence and salivary cotinine concentration in daily smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Prognosis; Saliva; Smoking; Spain; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2012 |
Endocannabinoid regulation of acute and protracted nicotine withdrawal: effect of FAAH inhibition.
Topics: Acute Disease; Amidohydrolases; Animals; Anxiety; Arachidonic Acids; Benzamides; Brain; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Carbamates; Cotinine; Endocannabinoids; Glycerides; Implants, Experimental; Locomotion; Male; Maze Learning; Nicotine; Polyunsaturated Alkamides; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Weight Gain | 2011 |
The nicotine metabolite, cotinine, attenuates glutamate (NMDA) antagonist-related effects on the performance of the five choice serial reaction time task (5C-SRTT) in rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Stability; Male; N-Methylaspartate; Nicotine; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tissue Distribution | 2012 |
[Implications of nicotine detected in autopsy cases of newborn babies and infants from the perspective of social medicine].
Topics: Autopsy; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Gas; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk; Smoking; Social Medicine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2011 |
Determination of nicotine exposure in dogs subjected to passive smoking using methanol extraction of hair followed by hydrophilic interaction chromatography in combination with Fourier transform mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Calibration; Chemical Fractionation; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Deuterium; Dogs; Hair; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Methanol; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Sodium Hydroxide; Solvents; Sonication; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2012 |
Effect of menthol on nicotine pharmacokinetics in rats after cigarette smoke inhalation.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Area Under Curve; Cotinine; Half-Life; Male; Menthol; Nicotine; Radioimmunoassay; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2012 |
Racial differences in hair nicotine concentrations among smokers.
Topics: Adult; Baltimore; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; White People | 2012 |
Determination of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in oral fluid using solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adolescent; Biomarkers; Child; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Solid Phase Extraction; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2012 |
Nicotine, cotinine, and myosmine determination using polymer films of tailor-designed zinc porphyrins as recognition units for piezoelectric microgravimetry chemosensors.
Topics: Alkaloids; Cotinine; Electrochemical Techniques; Flow Injection Analysis; Metalloporphyrins; Nicotine; Polymers; Quartz Crystal Microbalance Techniques | 2012 |
Simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, norcotinine and mecamylamine in human urine by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2012 |
Exposure and kinetics of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Half-Life; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Poland; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyridines; ROC Curve; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; United States; Young Adult | 2012 |
Nicotine alters the ectonucleotidases activities in lymphocytes: In vitro and in vivo studies.
Topics: Adenosine; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Cotinine; Hydrolysis; Lymphocytes; Male; Nicotine; Nucleotidases; Purines; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2012 |
An LC-MS/MS method for concurrent determination of nicotine metabolites and the role of CYP2A6 in nicotine metabolite-mediated oxidative stress in SVGA astrocytes.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Astrocytes; Blotting, Western; Cell Line; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP1A1; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Enzyme Induction; Humans; Ketones; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nitrosamines; Oxidative Stress; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reproducibility of Results; RNA; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2012 |
Epidemiologic investigation of an occupational illness of tobacco harvesters in southern Brazil, a worldwide leader in tobacco production.
Topics: Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Multivariate Analysis; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Ownership; Plant Leaves; Risk Factors; Sex Factors; Smoking; Young Adult | 2012 |
CYP2A6 and CYP2B6 genetic variation and its association with nicotine metabolism in South Western Alaska Native people.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Alaska; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Epistasis, Genetic; Female; Gene Frequency; Genetic Association Studies; Genetic Variation; Genetics, Population; Genotype; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Genetic; Nicotine; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Population Groups; Smoking | 2012 |
Role for α6 nicotinic receptors in l-dopa-induced dyskinesias in parkinsonian mice.
Topics: Animals; Antiparkinson Agents; Autoradiography; Benserazide; Cotinine; Dopamine; Dopamine Agents; Dopamine Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Hydroxydopamines; Levodopa; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Parkinsonian Disorders; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2012 |
Neutrophil superoxide production in the presence of cigarette smoke extract, nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Acridines; Complex Mixtures; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Fusobacterium nucleatum; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Immunoglobulin G; Lipopolysaccharides; Luminescent Agents; Neutrophils; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidants; Oxidative Stress; Smoke; Staphylococcus aureus; Superoxides | 2012 |
Developmental hippocampal neuroplasticity in a model of nicotine replacement therapy during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Topics: Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cotinine; Dentate Gyrus; Female; Long-Term Potentiation; Models, Animal; Neurogenesis; Neuronal Plasticity; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptic Transmission | 2012 |
Lung tumorigenesis promoted by anti-apoptotic effects of cotinine, a nicotine metabolite through activation of PI3K/Akt pathway.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Caspase 3; Caspase 7; Cell Line; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Humans; Lung; Lung Neoplasms; Mice; Mice, Inbred A; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt | 2012 |
Proteomic analysis of Porphyromonas gingivalis exposed to nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Cotinine; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Gene Expression Profiling; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Porphyromonas gingivalis; Protein Biosynthesis; Proteome; Virulence | 2012 |
Programmable transdermal delivery of nicotine in hairless guinea pigs using carbon nanotube membrane pumps.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Cotinine; Drug Delivery Systems; Female; Guinea Pigs; Infusion Pumps; Male; Nanotubes, Carbon; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2012 |
Smoking topography and biomarkers of exposure among Japanese smokers: associations with cigarette emissions obtained using machine smoking protocols.
Topics: Adult; Analysis of Variance; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tars; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2013 |
Application of the buccal micronucleus cytome assay and analysis of PON1Gln192Arg and CYP2A6*9(-48T>G) polymorphisms in tobacco farmers.
Topics: Agriculture; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Aryldialkylphosphatase; Brazil; Cell Death; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; DNA Damage; Genetic Markers; Humans; Micronucleus Tests; Mouth Mucosa; Mutagenicity Tests; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides; Polymorphism, Genetic | 2012 |
Environmental tobacco smoke induces oxidative stress in distinct brain regions of infant mice.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Antioxidants; Brain; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cotinine; Lipid Peroxidation; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Smoke; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2012 |
CYP2A6- and CYP2A13-catalyzed metabolism of the nicotine Δ5'(1')iminium ion.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Catalysis; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Coumarins; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Enzyme Inhibitors; Humans; Kinetics; NADP; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidation-Reduction; Tritium | 2012 |
Differential effects of nicotine treatment and ethanol self-administration on CYP2A6, CYP2B6 and nicotine pharmacokinetics in African green monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Drug Interactions; Ethanol; Half-Life; Liver; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating; Self Administration; Tissue Distribution | 2012 |
Nicotine intake and smoking topography in smokers with bipolar disorder.
Topics: Adult; Antimanic Agents; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Bipolar Disorder; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Schizophrenia; Smoking | 2012 |
Racial differences in the relationship between tobacco dependence and nicotine and carcinogen exposure.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyridines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Regression Analysis; San Francisco; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; White People; Young Adult | 2013 |
Effects of adolescent nicotine exposure and withdrawal on intravenous cocaine self-administration during adulthood in male C57BL/6J mice.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Age of Onset; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Body Weight; Catheterization; Cocaine; Cocaine-Related Disorders; Conditioning, Operant; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug-Seeking Behavior; Extinction, Psychological; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Random Allocation; Rats; Self Administration; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
Simultaneous measurement of urinary total nicotine and cotinine as biomarkers of active and passive smoking among Japanese individuals.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollutants; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glucuronides; Humans; Japan; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2013 |
NNAL exposure by race and menthol cigarette use among U.S. smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Black People; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Demography; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Nutrition Surveys; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Products; United States; White People | 2013 |
A multi-route model of nicotine-cotinine pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and brain nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in humans.
Topics: Animals; Bayes Theorem; Brain; Cotinine; Heart Rate; Humans; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Receptors, Nicotinic; Risk Assessment; Smoking; Tissue Distribution | 2013 |
Novel insights on the effect of nicotine in a murine colitis model.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Cotinine; Dextran Sulfate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Inflammation; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Peroxidase; Smoking; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2013 |
Metabolism of nicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-l-(3-pyridyl)-lbutanone (NNK) in menthol and non-menthol cigarette smokers.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Glucuronides; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Products; White People; Young Adult | 2012 |
Evaluation of emotional behaviors in young offspring of C57BL/6J mice after gestational and/or perinatal exposure to nicotine in six different time-windows.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Emotions; Female; Male; Maternal Behavior; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Sex Characteristics; Time Factors | 2013 |
Effects upon in-vivo nicotine metabolism reveal functional variation in FMO3 associated with cigarette consumption.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Genotype; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Nicotine; Oxygenases; Polymorphism, Genetic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Products; White People | 2013 |
Prenatal tobacco exposure, biomarkers for tobacco in meconium, and neonatal growth outcomes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2013 |
OPRM1 genetic polymorphisms are associated with the plasma nicotine metabolite cotinine concentration in methadone maintenance patients: a cross sectional study.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Methadone; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Race, gender, and nicotine metabolism in adolescent smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Asian People; Black or African American; Contraceptive Agents, Female; Cotinine; Estrogens; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; White People | 2013 |
Standard addition method applied to the urinary quantification of nicotine in the presence of cotinine and anabasine using surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution.
Topics: Anabasine; Colloids; Cotinine; Gold; Least-Squares Analysis; Metal Nanoparticles; Nicotine; Reference Standards; Spectrum Analysis, Raman | 2013 |
On-line solid-phase extraction with ultra performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry for the detection of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine in urine to strengthen human biomonitoring and smoking cessation studies.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2013 |
Effects of nicotine, its metabolites and tobacco extracts on human platelet function in vitro.
Topics: Blood Platelets; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Plant Extracts; Platelet Aggregation | 2013 |
Biomarkers of secondhand smoke exposure in automobiles.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Automobiles; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Particulate Matter; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2014 |
Variation in the α 5 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit gene predicts cigarette smoking intensity as a function of nicotine content.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Female; Gene Frequency; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2014 |
The ability of plasma cotinine to predict nicotine and carcinogen exposure is altered by differences in CYP2A6: the influence of genetics, race, and sex.
Topics: Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Genetic Variation; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Prognosis; Sex Factors; Smoking; Twin Studies as Topic; White People | 2013 |
Pretreatment of the cockroach cercal afferent/giant interneuron synapses with nicotinoids and neonicotinoids differently affects acetylcholine and nicotine-induced ganglionic depolarizations.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Cockroaches; Cotinine; Imidazoles; Insecticides; Interneurons; Neonicotinoids; Nicotine; Nitro Compounds; Synapses | 2013 |
Potential of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and chip-CE with dual detection (capacitively-coupled contactless conductivity detection (C4D) and fluorescence detection) for monitoring of nicotine and cotinine derivatization.
Topics: Cotinine; Electric Conductivity; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Microfluidic Analytical Techniques; Nicotine; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2013 |
Behavioral effects of combined environmental enrichment and chronic nicotine administration in male NMRI mice.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Avoidance Learning; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cotinine; Drinking; Drug Administration Schedule; Environment; Exploratory Behavior; Inhibition, Psychological; Locomotion; Male; Maze Learning; Mice; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Time Factors | 2013 |
Genetic deletion of the adenosine A(2A) receptor prevents nicotine-induced upregulation of α7, but not α4β2* nicotinic acetylcholine receptor binding in the brain.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Brain; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Bungarotoxins; Cotinine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Knockout; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Protein Subunits; Pyridines; Receptor, Adenosine A2A; Receptors, Nicotinic; Tobacco Use Disorder; Up-Regulation | 2013 |
Neuroactive effects of cotinine on the hippocampus: behavioral and biochemical parameters.
Topics: Animals; Antioxidants; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological; Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases; Hippocampus; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Memory; Neurons; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Nootropic Agents; Phosphorylation; Protein Processing, Post-Translational; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2013 |
Simultaneous serum nicotine, cotinine, and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine quantitation with minimal sample volume for tobacco exposure status of solid organ transplant patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Organ Transplantation; Sample Size; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors | 2013 |
To what extent does adding tobacco to cannabis expose young users to nicotine?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Abuse; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Prevalence; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Switzerland; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2013 |
The influence of radioiodine therapy on ocular changes and their relation to urine cotinine level in patients with Graves' Ophthalmopathy.
Topics: Adult; Chemoradiotherapy; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation; Female; Glucocorticoids; Graves Ophthalmopathy; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Prednisolone; Smoking; Thyroid Function Tests; Vision Disorders; Young Adult | 2013 |
CHRNA5-A3-B4 genetic variants alter nicotine intake and interact with tobacco use to influence body weight in Alaska Native tobacco users.
Topics: Adult; Alaska; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Haplotypes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2013 |
Thirdhand cigarette smoke in an experimental chamber: evidence of surface deposition of nicotine, nitrosamines and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and de novo formation of NNK.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Skin Absorption; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2014 |
A simple, fast, and sensitive method for the measurement of serum nicotine, cotinine, and nornicotine by LC-MS/MS.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors | 2013 |
The multiple bottle effect is overridden in male and female rats by simultaneous presentation of two oral nicotine solutions.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Choice Behavior; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Self Administration; Sex Factors | 2013 |
Cigarette smoking substantially alters plasma microRNA profiles in healthy subjects.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Principal Component Analysis; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Young Adult | 2013 |
Age-related differences in the disposition of nicotine and metabolites in rat brain and plasma.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aging; Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2013 |
Prenatal nicotine exposure enhances the trigeminocardiac reflex via serotonin receptor facilitation in brainstem pathways.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Stem; Cotinine; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Female; Heart; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Serotonin; Reflex, Trigeminocardiac; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Synaptic Transmission; Trigeminal Nerve; Vagus Nerve | 2013 |
Detection of tobacco-related biomarkers in urine samples by surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy coupled with thin-layer chromatography.
Topics: Biomarkers; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; Spectrum Analysis, Raman | 2013 |
Multiple CNS nicotinic receptors mediate L-dopa-induced dyskinesias: studies with parkinsonian nicotinic receptor knockout mice.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Central Nervous System; Cotinine; Dopamine; Dyskinesias; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nicotine; Parkinsonian Disorders; Receptors, Nicotinic; Saccharin | 2013 |
Nicotine reduces established levodopa-induced dyskinesias in a monkey model of Parkinson's disease.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Dyskinesia Agents; Antiparkinson Agents; Cotinine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dyskinesia, Drug-Induced; Female; Levodopa; Male; MPTP Poisoning; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Parkinson Disease, Secondary; Saimiri | 2013 |
Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies of nicotine after oral administration in mice: effects of methoxsalen, a CYP2A5/6 inhibitor.
Topics: Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Drug Interactions; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Methoxsalen; Mice; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
Transient suppression of late-stage neuronal progenitor cell differentiation in the hippocampal dentate gyrus of rat offspring after maternal exposure to nicotine.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Weight; Cell Differentiation; Cell Lineage; Cotinine; Dentate Gyrus; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Doublecortin Domain Proteins; Doublecortin Protein; Eating; Female; Male; Maternal Exposure; Microtubule-Associated Proteins; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurons; Neuropeptides; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Stem Cells | 2014 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine and cotinine in serum using high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorometric detection and postcolumn UV-photoirradiation system.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Fluorometry; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2013 |
Variation in trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronidation does not alter the nicotine metabolite ratio or nicotine intake.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Gene Deletion; Genotype; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Nicotine; Smoking; Young Adult | 2013 |
Escalating doses of transdermal nicotine in heavy smokers: effects on smoking behavior and craving.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Affect; Behavior, Addictive; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Comorbidity; Cotinine; Cues; Female; Humans; Male; Mental Disorders; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Ontario; Pilot Projects; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder; Transdermal Patch; Treatment Outcome | 2013 |
Online monitoring oxidative products and metabolites of nicotine by free radicals generation with Fenton reaction in tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Cotinine; Free Radicals; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2013 |
Direct analysis of tobacco-specific nitrosamine NNK and its metabolite NNAL in human urine by LC-MS/MS: evidence of linkage to methylated DNA lesions.
Topics: Adenine; Adult; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; DNA Methylation; Guanine; Humans; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
Development of an experimental model for assessing the effects of cigarette smoke and virus infections on inflammatory responses to bacterial antigens.
Topics: Antigens, Bacterial; Cells, Cultured; Cholecalciferol; Cotinine; Cytokines; Humans; Inflammation; Interferon-gamma; Lipopolysaccharides; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Smoke; Tobacco Products; Virus Diseases; Vitamins | 2014 |
Exposure to ethanol and tobacco smoke in relation to level of PCNA antigen expression in pancreatic and hepatic rat cells.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Cell Proliferation; Cotinine; Ethanol; Female; Hepatocytes; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Pancreas; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen; Rats; Sex Characteristics; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2013 |
The detection of biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in wound fluid: a pilot study.
Topics: Biomarkers; Body Fluids; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Smoke; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Wound Healing; Wounds and Injuries | 2013 |
CYP2B6 non-coding variation associated with smoking cessation is also associated with differences in allelic expression, splicing, and nicotine metabolism independent of common amino-acid changes.
Topics: Alleles; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Genotype; Haplotypes; Humans; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; RNA Splicing; Smoking Cessation | 2013 |
Cotinine and tobacco-specific carcinogen exposure among nondaily smokers in a multiethnic sample.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Black People; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Smoking; Tobacco Products; White People | 2014 |
Enhanced nicotine metabolism in HIV-1-positive smokers compared with HIV-negative smokers: simultaneous determination of nicotine and its four metabolites in their plasma using a simple and sensitive electrospray ionization liquid chromatography-tandem ma
Topics: Adult; Biotransformation; Cotinine; Female; HIV Infections; HIV-1; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Up-Regulation | 2014 |
Clinical significance of early smoking withdrawal effects and their relationships with nicotine metabolism: preliminary results from a pilot study.
Topics: Adult; Affect; Anxiety; Attention; Cotinine; Craving; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Products | 2014 |
A recall-by-genotype study of CHRNA5-A3-B4 genotype, cotinine and smoking topography: study protocol.
Topics: Adult; Child; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Multigene Family; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nicotine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Social Control, Informal | 2014 |
Influenza virus-induced lung inflammation was modulated by cigarette smoke exposure in mice.
Topics: alpha7 Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor; Animals; Chemokines; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype; Influenza A Virus, H9N2 Subtype; Influenza, Human; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nicotine; Orthomyxoviridae Infections; Pneumonia; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Time Factors; Up-Regulation; Weight Gain | 2014 |
Nicotine exposure, blood pressure, and inflammation in tobacco smokers and chewers in a rural community in Nepal.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Blood Pressure; C-Reactive Protein; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Nepal; Nicotine; Rural Population; Smoking; Tobacco Use; Young Adult | 2014 |
Time to first cigarette predicts 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL) in adolescent regular and intermittent smokers, National Health and Nutrition and Examination Survey (NHANES) 2007-10.
Topics: Adolescent; Child; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Nutrition Surveys; Pyridines; Smoking; Time Factors; United States | 2014 |
Toxicological evaluation of aerosols of a tobacco extract formulation and nicotine formulation in acute and short-term inhalation studies.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Body Weight; Cotinine; Eating; Female; Larynx; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Organ Size; Plant Extracts; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spleen; Thymus Gland; Toxicity Tests, Acute; Toxicity Tests, Subacute | 2014 |
The association between smoking and ectopic pregnancy: why nicotine is BAD for your fallopian tube.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Apoptosis; bcl-Associated Death Protein; Blotting, Western; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Epithelial Cells; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Immunoenzyme Techniques; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Ectopic; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Smoking; Young Adult | 2014 |
Children's exposure to secondhand and thirdhand smoke carcinogens and toxicants in homes of hookah smokers.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Air; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Family Characteristics; Female; Housing; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2014 |
A 28-day rat inhalation study with an integrated molecular toxicology endpoint demonstrates reduced exposure effects for a prototypic modified risk tobacco product compared with conventional cigarettes.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cell Differentiation; Chemokines; Cotinine; Cytokines; Endpoint Determination; Female; Inhalation Exposure; Lung; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiratory Mucosa; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Tobacco Products; Transcriptome | 2014 |
Simple and rapid assay method for simultaneous quantification of urinary nicotine and cotinine using micro-extraction by packed sorbent and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Topics: Calibration; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Gases; Humans; Ions; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Solvents | 2013 |
The effects of lobeline on nicotine withdrawal-induced depression-like behavior in mice.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cotinine; Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein; Depression; Disease Models, Animal; Hippocampus; Lobeline; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Norepinephrine; Prefrontal Cortex; Receptors, Nicotinic; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Swimming; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
Smoking, nicotine dependence and nicotine intake by socio-economic status and marital status.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Finland; Humans; Male; Marital Status; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Smoking; Social Class; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
A comparison of nicotine biomarkers and smoking patterns in daily and nondaily smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Smoking | 2014 |
Cholinergic transmission during nicotine withdrawal is influenced by age and pre-exposure to nicotine: implications for teenage smoking.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; Animals; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nucleus Accumbens; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Synaptic Transmission | 2014 |
Influence of nicotine and cotinine impregnation on the first step of periodontal regeneration: clot stabilization.
Topics: Blood Cells; Blood Coagulation; Cell Adhesion; Cotinine; Dental Scaling; Dentin; Fibrin; Humans; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nicotine; Periodontium; Regeneration; Subgingival Curettage; Tooth Root; Wound Healing | 2013 |
Genotoxic assessment in tobacco farmers at different crop times.
Topics: Agriculture; Agrochemicals; Biomarkers; Comet Assay; Cotinine; DNA Damage; Female; Humans; Male; Micronucleus Tests; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides | 2014 |
Dose-related effect of urinary cotinine levels on pulmonary function among Korean women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Health Surveys; Humans; Lung; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Function Tests; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vital Capacity | 2014 |
Secondhand smoke exposure at home: assessment by biomarkers and airborne markers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Benzene; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Down-Regulation; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Housing; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2014 |
Nicotine pharmacokinetics in rats is altered as a function of age, impacting the interpretation of animal model data.
Topics: Animals; Area Under Curve; Brain; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Male; Models, Animal; Nicotine; Plasma; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2014 |
Nicotine causes genotoxic damage but is not metabolized during long-term exposure of human nasal miniorgan cultures.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Comet Assay; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; DNA Damage; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Methyl Methanesulfonate; Middle Aged; Mutagens; Nasal Mucosa; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Organ Culture Techniques; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Young Adult | 2014 |
Validation of a LC-MS/MS method for quantifying urinary nicotine, six nicotine metabolites and the minor tobacco alkaloids--anatabine and anabasine--in smokers' urine.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pyridines; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
A novel approach for monitoring tobacco use in local communities by wastewater analysis.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Italy; Nicotine; Population Surveillance; Residence Characteristics; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Wastewater | 2015 |
Time-course of extracellular nicotine and cotinine levels in rat brain following administration of nicotine: effects of route and ethanol coadministration.
Topics: Alcoholism; Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Ethanol; Female; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2015 |
Variation in nicotine intake among U.S. cigarette smokers during the past 25 years: evidence from NHANES surveys.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nutrition Surveys; Smoke-Free Policy; Smoking; United States; Young Adult | 2014 |
Simultaneous multiplexed quantification of nicotine and its metabolites using surface enhanced Raman scattering.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Cotinine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isomerism; Neural Networks, Computer; Nicotine; Spectrum Analysis, Raman | 2014 |
Water pipe smoking: not risk free.
Topics: Adult; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyridines; Recreation; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Students; United States; Young Adult | 2014 |
Utility and cutoff value of hair nicotine as a biomarker of long-term tobacco smoke exposure, compared to salivary cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Baltimore; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2014 |
N-acetyltransferase 1 polymorphism increases cotinine levels in Caucasian children exposed to secondhand smoke: the CCAAPS birth cohort.
Topics: Alleles; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Genotype; Humans; Infant; Isoenzymes; Male; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; White People | 2015 |
Peripheral DISC1 protein levels as a trait marker for schizophrenia and modulating effects of nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Female; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Lymphocytes; Male; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Regression Analysis; Schizophrenia; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2014 |
Smilax China root extract detoxifies nicotine by reducing reactive oxygen species and inducing CYP2A6.
Topics: Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Plant Roots; Reactive Oxygen Species; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA; Smilax | 2014 |
Correlation analysis between cotinine hair concentrations from active smokers and nicotine intake and dependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Brazil; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Hair Dyes; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2015 |
Cigarettes vs. e-cigarettes: Passive exposure at home measured by means of airborne marker and biomarkers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Spain; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2014 |
Assessment of local tobacco consumption by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry sewage analysis of nicotine and its metabolites, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine, after enzymatic deconjugation.
Topics: Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Population Surveillance; Sewage; Spain; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use | 2014 |
Determination of behaviorally effective tobacco constituent doses in rats.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Motor Activity; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pyridines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2015 |
Evaluation of toxicant and carcinogen metabolites in the urine of e-cigarette users versus cigarette smokers.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Adult; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Hazardous Substances; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyrenes; Pyridines; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2015 |
Relationship between cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronidation and the nicotine metabolite ratio in Caucasian smokers.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; White People | 2014 |
Tobacco smoke containing high or low levels of nicotine during adolescence: effects on novelty-seeking and anxiety-like behaviors in mice.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Anxiety; Cotinine; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoke; Smoking | 2015 |
Mouth-level intake of benzo[a]pyrene from reduced nicotine cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Benzo(a)pyrene; Biomarkers; Canada; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pyrenes; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2014 |
Biochemical estimation of noncompliance with smoking of very low nicotine content cigarettes.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Patient Compliance; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2015 |
Secondhand smoke exposure-induced nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of HMGB1 in a rat premature skin aging model.
Topics: Aging, Premature; Animals; Body Weight; Cell Nucleus; Collagen; Cotinine; Cytoplasm; HMGB1 Protein; Immunohistochemistry; Keratinocytes; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Skin; Skin Aging; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2015 |
Determination of nicotine and cotinine in meconium from Greek neonates and correlation with birth weight and gestational age at birth.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Development; Gestational Age; Greece; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Mass Spectrometry; Maternal Exposure; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2015 |
Family Beliefs and Behaviors About Smoking and Young Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure.
Topics: Attitude to Health; Biomarkers; Caregivers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Depression; Family; Female; Health Behavior; Humans; Infant; Male; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Self Efficacy; Stress, Psychological; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2015 |
Nicotine and cotinine exposure from electronic cigarettes: a population approach.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Smoking; Software; Young Adult | 2015 |
Flushing out smoking: measuring population tobacco use via wastewater analysis.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Population Surveillance; Smoking; Wastewater | 2015 |
Compensatory smoking from gradual and immediate reduction in cigarette nicotine content.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Dangerous Behavior; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Young Adult | 2015 |
Combined analysis of the tobacco metabolites cotinine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol in human urine.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pyridines; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2015 |
The effect of nicotine and cotinine on human gingival fibroblasts attachment to root surfaces.
Topics: Cell Adhesion; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Fibroblasts; Gingiva; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Tooth Root | 2015 |
Untangling interactions of a zinc(II) complex containing a coumarin-porphyrin unit with alkaloids in water solutions: a photophysical study.
Topics: Caffeine; Cotinine; Coumarins; Ethanol; Fresh Water; Molecular Structure; Nicotine; Photochemical Processes; Porphyrins; Portugal; Solutions; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Spectrum Analysis; Ultraviolet Rays; Zinc | 2015 |
Nicotine stimulates expression of proteins implicated in peripheral and central sensitization.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Sensitization; Cotinine; Cytokines; Ganglionic Stimulants; Immunohistochemistry; Male; Nicotine; Nociception; Physical Stimulation; Protein Array Analysis; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Trigeminal Ganglion; Trigeminal Nucleus, Spinal | 2015 |
Effect of Brain CYP2B Inhibition on Brain Nicotine Levels and Nicotine Self-Administration.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Conditioning, Operant; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Reinforcement, Psychology; Self Administration; Thiones; Time Factors | 2015 |
Vapors produced by electronic cigarettes and e-juices with flavorings induce toxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammatory response in lung epithelial cells and in mouse lung.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage; Cell Line; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Flow Cytometry; Humans; Mice; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Pneumonia; Respiratory Mucosa; Solutions; Volatilization | 2015 |
Impact of prenatal nicotine on the structure of midbrain dopamine regions in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Axons; Brain; Cotinine; Dopamine; Dopaminergic Neurons; Female; Locomotion; Male; Mesencephalon; Nicotine; Pars Compacta; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Synapses; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2016 |
Biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in racial/ethnic groups at high risk for lung cancer.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Hawaii; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Nicotine; Philippines; Risk; Saliva; Smoking; Translational Research, Biomedical; White People | 2015 |
Behavioral and Physiological Responses to Nicotine Patch Administration Among Nonsmokers Based on Acute and Chronic Secondhand Tobacco Smoke Exposure.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; United States | 2016 |
Persistence of smoking-induced dysregulation of miRNA expression in the small airway epithelium despite smoking cessation.
Topics: Adult; Bronchoscopy; Cell Differentiation; Cluster Analysis; Cotinine; Down-Regulation; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Male; MicroRNAs; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Respiratory Mucosa; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Up-Regulation; Wnt Signaling Pathway | 2015 |
Effects of Cigarette Smoking on Plasma Concentration of the Appetite-Regulating Peptide Ghrelin.
Topics: Acetylation; Adult; Cotinine; Female; Ghrelin; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Postprandial Period; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder; Weight Gain | 2015 |
Relationships between nicotine and cotinine concentrations in maternal milk and saliva.
Topics: Adult; Breast Feeding; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Young Adult | 2015 |
Consequences of Incomplete Smoke-Free Legislation in the Republic of Korea: Results from Environmental and Biochemical Monitoring: Community Based Study.
Topics: Air; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Particulate Matter; Private Facilities; Public Facilities; Republic of Korea; Schools; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Toilet Facilities | 2016 |
A CHRNA5 Smoking Risk Variant Decreases the Aversive Effects of Nicotine in Humans.
Topics: Adult; Blood Pressure; Cognition Disorders; Cotinine; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neuropsychological Tests; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Receptors, Nicotinic; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2015 |
Determination of nicotine and its metabolites accumulated in fish tissue using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Anabasine; Animals; Calibration; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Fish Products; Fishes; Food Analysis; Food Contamination; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2015 |
Nicotine Metabolism in Young Adult Daily Menthol and Nonmenthol Smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Menthol; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2016 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio (3-hydroxycotinine/cotinine) in plasma and urine by different analytical methods and laboratories: implications for clinical implementation.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine | 2015 |
Effects of nicotine and minor tobacco alkaloids on intracranial-self-stimulation in rats.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Pyridines; Rats; Self Stimulation | 2015 |
Nicotine and metabolites determination in human plasma by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry: a simple approach for solving contamination problem and clinical application.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biotransformation; Calibration; Charcoal; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking Cessation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Transdermal Patch; Young Adult | 2015 |
Changes in the rate of nicotine metabolism across pregnancy: a longitudinal study.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Multilevel Analysis; Nicotine; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Saliva; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; United Kingdom; Young Adult | 2015 |
Characterization of biochemical, functional and structural changes in mice respiratory organs chronically exposed to cigarette smoke.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Air Pollutants; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Carboxyhemoglobin; Cell Count; Cell Differentiation; Cotinine; Cytokines; Emphysema; Female; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lung; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Organ Size; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2015 |
Different physiological and behavioural effects of e-cigarette vapour and cigarette smoke in mice.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Brain; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Eating; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Emotions; Male; Mecamylamine; Memory, Short-Term; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Receptors, Nicotinic; Respiration, Artificial; Spatial Memory; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2015 |
Changes in circulating leptin levels during the initial stage of cessation are associated with smoking relapse.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Craving; Female; Humans; Leptin; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Prognosis; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Recurrence; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2015 |
Successful Nicotine Intake in Medical Assisted Use of E-Cigarettes: A Pilot Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Craving; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2015 |
Estimates of tobacco use by wastewater analysis of anabasine and anatabine.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Limit of Detection; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Pyridines; Solid Phase Extraction; Tobacco Use; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2016 |
Rate of nicotine metabolism and smoking cessation outcomes in a community-based sample of treatment-seeking smokers.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Craving; Depression; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2015 |
The role of nicotine, cotinine and caffeine on the electrochemical behavior and bacterial colonization to cp-Ti.
Topics: Biofilms; Caffeine; Corrosion; Cotinine; Dental Implants; Electric Capacitance; Electrochemistry; Humans; Nicotine; Oxides; Peri-Implantitis; Streptococcus sanguis; Surface Properties; Titanium | 2015 |
The nicotine metabolite, cotinine, alters the assembly and trafficking of a subset of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors.
Topics: Animals; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cotinine; Green Fluorescent Proteins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Nicotine; Protein Subunits; Protein Transport; Receptors, Nicotinic; Tobacco Use Disorder; Up-Regulation | 2015 |
Meconium samples used to assess infant exposure to the components of ETS during pregnancy.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Thiocyanates; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2015 |
Associations Between Caregiver Health Literacy and Preschool Children's Secondhand Smoke Exposure.
Topics: Adult; Caregivers; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Health Literacy; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Poverty; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Urban Population | 2016 |
Effects of Switching to Electronic Cigarettes with and without Concurrent Smoking on Exposure to Nicotine, Carbon Monoxide, and Acrolein.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acrolein; Adult; Aerosols; Biomarkers; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2015 |
Modulation of social deficits and repetitive behaviors in a mouse model of autism: the role of the nicotinic cholinergic system.
Topics: Animals; Autistic Disorder; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Neurons; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Interpersonal Relations; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Motor Activity; Nicotine | 2015 |
High-throughput wide dynamic range procedure for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine and cotinine in multiple biological matrices using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Biomarkers; Calibration; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hair; Humans; Hydrolysis; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2015 |
Total Exposure Study Analysis consortium: a cross-sectional study of tobacco exposures.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Black People; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Smoke; Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States; Virginia; White People | 2015 |
Effect of smoking cessation for 1 year on periodontal biomarkers in gingival crevicular fluid.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Dental Plaque Index; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Gingival Crevicular Fluid; Humans; Interleukin-1beta; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Index; Periodontal Pocket; Periodontium; Prospective Studies; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2016 |
Adult Behavior in Male Mice Exposed to E-Cigarette Nicotine Vapors during Late Prenatal and Early Postnatal Life.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Weight; Cognition; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Male; Maternal Exposure; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Sensation; Volatilization | 2015 |
Tobacco Metabolites and Caffeine in Human Milk Purchased via the Internet.
Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Commerce; Cotinine; Donor Selection; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Infant, Newborn; Internet; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Milk Banks; Milk, Human; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Truth Disclosure | 2015 |
Death following intentional ingestion of e-liquid.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Fatal Outcome; Female; Heart Arrest; Hemodynamics; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Poisoning; Risk Factors; Suicide; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2015 |
Evaluation of Urinary Btex, Nicotine, and Cotinine as Biomarkers of Airborne Pollutants in Nonsmokers and Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants; Benzene Derivatives; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Toluene; Vehicle Emissions; Xylenes | 2015 |
Associations Between Genetic Ancestries and Nicotine Metabolism Biomarkers in the Multiethnic Cohort Study.
Topics: Aged; Asian People; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Indians, North American; Male; Middle Aged; Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Racial Groups; Smoking; White People | 2015 |
Thirdhand smoke contamination in hospital settings: assessing exposure risk for vulnerable paediatric patients.
Topics: Carcinogens; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pregnancy; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2016 |
Genetic determinants of cytochrome P450 2A6 activity and biomarkers of tobacco smoke exposure in relation to risk of lung cancer development in the Shanghai cohort study.
Topics: Asian People; Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; China; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Genotype; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Smoking | 2016 |
Toxicological assessment of a prototype e-cigaret device and three flavor formulations: a 90-day inhalation study in rats.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Aerosols; Animals; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cell Count; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Flavoring Agents; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Male; Nicotine; No-Observed-Adverse-Effect Level; Nose; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Toxicity Tests, Subchronic | 2016 |
A longitudinal study of cotinine in long-term daily users of e-cigarettes.
Topics: Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Follow-Up Studies; France; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Switzerland; Time Factors; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States | 2016 |
Brain Responses to Smoking Cues Differ Based on Nicotine Metabolism Rate.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Brain; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Cues; Female; Functional Neuroimaging; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Young Adult | 2016 |
Development and validation of a GC-MS method for nicotine detection in Calliphora vomitoria (L.) (Diptera: Calliphoridae).
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Diptera; Entomology; Feeding Behavior; Forensic Toxicology; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Larva; Nicotine | 2016 |
Nicotinic effects of tobacco smoke constituents in nonhuman primates.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pyridines; Saimiri; Smoke | 2016 |
Fully automated determination of nicotine and its major metabolites in whole blood by means of a DBS online-SPE LC-HR-MS/MS approach for sports drug testing.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Automation; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Doping in Sports; Dried Blood Spot Testing; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Online Systems; Pyridines; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Extraction; Sports; Substance Abuse Detection; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Investigation of agreement between wastewater-based epidemiology and survey data on alcohol and nicotine use in a community.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Belgium; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cities; Cotinine; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Residence Characteristics; Smoking; Sulfuric Acid Esters; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Wastewater; Young Adult | 2016 |
Users of smokeless tobacco had higher levels of exposure to nicotine, carcinogens than cigarette smokers.
Topics: Carcinogens; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Smoking; Tobacco, Smokeless | 2016 |
Pulmonary Abnormalities in Young, Light-Use Waterpipe (Hookah) Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Carboxyhemoglobin; Case-Control Studies; Cell-Derived Microparticles; Cotinine; Cough; Epithelial Cells; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Lung; Male; Nicotine; Pulmonary Alveoli; Pulmonary Diffusing Capacity; Smoking; Sputum; Thorax; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Transcriptome; Young Adult | 2016 |
Intravenous and oral suicidal e-liquid poisonings with confirmed nicotine and cotinine concentrations.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Nicotine; Suicide, Attempted; Young Adult | 2016 |
A fully validated LC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of nicotine and its metabolite cotinine in human serum and its application to a pharmacokinetic study after using nicotine transdermal delivery systems with standard heat application in adul
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Humans; Hyperthermia, Induced; Linear Models; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking Cessation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2016 |
Age differences in conditioned place preferences and taste aversions to nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Conditioning, Classical; Cotinine; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reward; Taste | 2016 |
Disposition kinetics and metabolism of nicotine and cotinine in African American smokers: impact of CYP2A6 genetic variation and enzymatic activity.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genotype; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Smoking; Young Adult | 2016 |
Nicotine Dependence and Urinary Nicotine, Cotinine and Hydroxycotinine Levels in Daily Smokers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Nicotine; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Prevention; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2016 |
Evaluation of tobacco specific nitrosamines exposure by quantification of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in human hair of non-smokers.
Topics: Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2016 |
Transfer of Nicotine, Cotinine and Caffeine Into Breast Milk in a Smoker Mother Consuming Caffeinated Drinks.
Topics: Adult; Caffeine; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Milk, Human; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoking | 2016 |
Brain Anatomy in Latino Farmworkers Exposed to Pesticides and Nicotine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Agriculture; Brain; Cholinesterases; Cotinine; Farmers; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; North Carolina; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides; Transients and Migrants | 2016 |
Validity of Self-Reported Tobacco Smoke Exposure among Non-Smoking Adult Public Housing Residents.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Air Pollution; Boston; Cotinine; Family Characteristics; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Public Housing; Reproducibility of Results; Saliva; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2016 |
Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Risk of Schizophrenia Among Offspring in a National Birth Cohort.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Finland; Humans; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Registries; Risk Factors; Schizophrenia; Smoking; Statistics as Topic; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2016 |
Urinary cotinine levels of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) users.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Creatinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2016 |
Salivary cotinine levels as a biomarker for green tobacco sickness in dry tobacco production among Thai traditional tobacco farmers.
Topics: Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Saliva; Skin Absorption; Thailand; Tobacco Industry; Young Adult | 2016 |
Comparison of Puff Volume With Cigarettes per Day in Predicting Nicotine Uptake Among Daily Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Saliva; Smoking | 2016 |
Self-reported and laboratory evaluation of late pregnancy nicotine exposure and drugs of abuse.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Biomarkers; Chi-Square Distribution; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Retrospective Studies; Self Report; Smoking; Substance Abuse Detection; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2016 |
Simultaneous, rapid, and sensitive quantification of 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine and cotinine in human urine by on-line solid-phase extraction LC-MS/MS: correlation with tobacco exposure biomarkers NNAL.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Deoxyguanosine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoking | 2016 |
Simultaneous determination of nicotine, cotinine, and nicotine N-oxide in human plasma, semen, and sperm by LC-Orbitrap MS.
Topics: Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cyclic N-Oxides; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Nicotine; Semen; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spermatozoa; Tobacco Smoking | 2016 |
Salivary stress biomarkers of recent nicotine use and dependence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; alpha-Amylases; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Saliva; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Stress, Psychological; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2016 |
[Determination of Nicotine and Cotinine in Urine by Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry].
Topics: Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Nicotine | 2016 |
A simple physiologically based pharmacokinetic model evaluating the effect of anti-nicotine antibodies on nicotine disposition in the brains of rats and humans.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies; Brain; Cotinine; Humans; Models, Biological; Nicotine; Rats; Smoking; Tissue Distribution; Vaccines | 2016 |
Measurements of dermal uptake of nicotine directly from air and clothing.
Topics: Air Pollution; Clothing; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Skin; Skin Absorption; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2017 |
Alcohol, caffeine, and nicotine consumption in adolescents: hair analysis versus self-report.
Topics: Adolescent; Alcohol Drinking; Caffeine; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; False Negative Reactions; Female; Glucuronates; Hair; Humans; Italy; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Self Report; Smoking; Substance Abuse Detection; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2017 |
Application of a pharmacokinetic/pharmacogenetic approach to assess the nicotine metabolic profile of smokers in the real-life setting.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genotype; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Saliva; Sex Characteristics; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Cotinine antagonizes the behavioral effects of nicotine exposure in the planarian Girardia tigrina.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Binding Sites; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Planarians; Receptors, Nicotinic | 2016 |
A simultaneous analysis method of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nicotine, cotinine and metals in human hair.
Topics: Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Hair; Humans; Metals; Nicotine; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons | 2016 |
Mass spectrometric fragmentation and photocatalytic transformation of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Aliivibrio fischeri; Biotransformation; Catalysis; Cotinine; Light; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotiana; Nicotine | 2016 |
Medical swab touch spray-mass spectrometry for newborn screening of nicotine and cotinine in meconium.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Meconium; Neonatal Screening; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Have combustible cigarettes met their match? The nicotine delivery profiles and harmful constituent exposures of second-generation and third-generation electronic cigarette users.
Topics: Adult; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Smokers; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2017 |
Environmental exposure and effects on health of children from a tobacco-producing region.
Topics: Agriculture; Biomarkers; Butyrylcholinesterase; Child; Chromium; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Kidney Diseases; Male; Malondialdehyde; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pesticides; Rural Population | 2017 |
Functional Characterization of 34 CYP2A6 Allelic Variants by Assessment of Nicotine C-Oxidation and Coumarin 7-Hydroxylation Activities.
Topics: Alleles; Cotinine; Coumarins; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Hydroxylation; Kinetics; Microsomes; Models, Molecular; Nicotine; Oxidation-Reduction; Polymorphism, Genetic; Substrate Specificity; Transfection; Umbelliferones | 2017 |
Tobacco Consumption and Toxicant Exposure of Cigarette Smokers Using Electronic Cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smokers; Tobacco Use; Volatile Organic Compounds | 2018 |
Using nicotine in scalp hair to assess maternal passive exposure to tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; China; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Hair; Humans; Infant; Maternal Exposure; Mothers; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Scalp; Self Report; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2017 |
Nicotine Metabolism and Smoking: Ethnic Differences in the Role of P450 2A6.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Ethnicity; Genetic Variation; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Nicotine; Oxygenases; Smoking | 2017 |
Reduced-Nicotine Cigarettes in Young Smokers: Impact of Nicotine Metabolism on Nicotine Dose Effects.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Affect; Attention; Consumer Behavior; Cotinine; Craving; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Young Adult | 2017 |
Detoxification and elimination of nicotine by nectar-feeding birds.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Cotinine; Dehydration; Eating; Inactivation, Metabolic; Nicotine; Osmoregulation; Passeriformes; Plant Nectar; Species Specificity | 2017 |
Biomarkers of Tobacco Exposure: Summary of an FDA-Sponsored Public Workshop.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration | 2017 |
Delivery of nicotine aerosol to mice via a modified electronic cigarette device.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Delivery Systems; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mecamylamine; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Sex Characteristics | 2017 |
Nicotine Intake per Cigarette Smoked Among Smokers Nationally and in New York City.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; New York City; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nutrition Surveys; Smokers; Tobacco Products; United States | 2017 |
Evaluating nicotine dependence levels in e-cigarette users.
Topics: Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2017 |
Effect of UGT2B10, UGT2B17, FMO3, and OCT2 genetic variation on nicotine and cotinine pharmacokinetics and smoking in African Americans.
Topics: Administration, Intravenous; Black or African American; Cotinine; Genotype; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Minor Histocompatibility Antigens; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nicotine; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Organic Cation Transporter 2; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Smoking | 2017 |
Effects of Nicotine Metabolites on Nicotine Withdrawal Behaviors in Mice.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Nicotine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2017 |
Structural Studies of Nicotinoids: Cotinine versus Nicotine.
Topics: Cotinine; Hydrogen Bonding; Methylation; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pyridines; Pyrrolidinones; Stereoisomerism; Thermodynamics | 2017 |
Low Cotinine Glucuronidation Results in Higher Serum and Saliva Cotinine in African American Compared to White Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genetic Variation; Genotype; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Phenotype; Protein Isoforms; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Renal Elimination; Saliva; Smokers; Smoking; United States; White People | 2017 |
Preliminary evidence that high levels of nicotine on children's hands may contribute to overall tobacco smoke exposure.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Female; Hand; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pilot Projects; Saliva; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2018 |
Smoking in Pregnancy and Fetal Growth: The Case for More Intensive Assessment.
Topics: Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Development; Gestational Age; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Saliva; Self Report; Smoking; United States | 2017 |
Interaction between cytochrome P450 2A6 and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase genes and their association with smoking risk in young men.
Topics: Adult; Asian People; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Genotype; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Retinoic Acid 4-Hydroxylase; Self Report; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2017 |
Hypoxia and nicotine effects on Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) and its receptor 1 (PAC1) in the developing piglet brainstem.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Brain Stem; Cotinine; Female; Hypercapnia; Hypoxia; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide; Receptors, Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide, Type I; Swine | 2017 |
Increased HPA Axis Activity and Serum Tryptophan in Naswar (Dipping Tobacco) Users: A Case-Control Study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Male; Nicotine; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco, Smokeless; Tryptophan | 2017 |
Biomarkers of Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Waterpipe Tobacco Venue Employees in Istanbul, Moscow, and Cairo.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Egypt; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Moscow; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Occupational Exposure; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco, Waterpipe; Turkey; Young Adult | 2018 |
The impacts of pesticide and nicotine exposures on functional brain networks in Latino immigrant workers.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adult; Aged; Brain; Butyrylcholinesterase; Cotinine; Emigrants and Immigrants; Female; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Middle Aged; Models, Statistical; Neural Pathways; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Oxygen; Pesticides; Probability; Regression Analysis; Rest; Retrospective Studies | 2017 |
In-utero exposure to nicotine alters the development of the rabbit cardiac conduction system and provides a potential mechanism for sudden infant death syndrome.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cotinine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Infant; Myocytes, Cardiac; NAV1.1 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; NAV1.5 Voltage-Gated Sodium Channel; Nicotine; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rabbits; Sinoatrial Node; Sudden Infant Death | 2017 |
Disruption of retinal pigment epithelial cell properties under the exposure of cotinine.
Topics: Animals; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cotinine; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Interleukin-8; Nicotine; Phagocytosis; Rats; Retinal Pigment Epithelium; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-2; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2017 |
Effects of nicotine on corneal wound healing following acute alkali burn.
Topics: Actins; Animals; Burns, Chemical; Cell Line; Collagen Type I; Cornea; Corneal Injuries; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Eye Burns; Female; Fibroblasts; Humans; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nicotine; Protective Agents; Random Allocation; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sodium Hydroxide; Transforming Growth Factor beta; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A; Wound Healing | 2017 |
Age-dependent sensitivity of the mouse kidney to chronic nicotine exposure.
Topics: Age Factors; Aldehydes; Animals; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Creatinine; Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1; Kidney Diseases; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxidative Stress; Risk Factors; Smoking; Src Homology 2 Domain-Containing, Transforming Protein 1; Superoxide Dismutase; Time Factors; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2017 |
Toxic compounds from tobacco in placenta samples analyzed by UPLC-QTOF-MS.
Topics: Carcinogens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Mass Spectrometry; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pyridines; Smoking | 2017 |
Menthol disrupts nicotine's psychostimulant properties in an age and sex-dependent manner in C57BL/6J mice.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Female; Male; Menthol; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Psychotropic Drugs; Random Allocation; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sex Characteristics | 2017 |
Low-level maternal exposure to nicotine associates with significant metabolic perturbations in second-trimester amniotic fluid.
Topics: Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Cotinine; Female; Fetal Development; Humans; Male; Maternal Exposure; Metabolomics; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Smoking; Young Adult | 2017 |
Nicotine cut-off value in human hair as a tool to distinguish active from passive smokers: A cross-sectional study in Japanese men.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; ROC Curve; Smokers; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2017 |
Characterising the Exposure of Prison Staff to Second-Hand Tobacco Smoke.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollutants, Occupational; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Humans; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Prisons; Saliva; Scotland; Smoke-Free Policy; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2017 |
Tobacco toxicant exposure in cigarette smokers who use or do not use other tobacco products.
Topics: Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Smokers; Tobacco Products | 2017 |
Sex/Gender Differences in Cotinine Levels Among Daily Smokers in the Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gender Identity; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pennsylvania; Saliva; Sex Factors; Smokers; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2017 |
The Influence of Cigarette Smoke Exposure on the Copper Concentration in the Serum Depending on the Use of Menopausal Hormone Therapy.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Copper; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Postmenopause; Saliva; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2017 |
Smoking, plasma cotinine and risk of atrial fibrillation: the Hordaland Health Study.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Norway; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2018 |
The association between self-reported versus nicotine metabolite-confirmed smoking status and coronary artery calcification.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Coronary Vessels; Correlation of Data; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Odds Ratio; Prevalence; Republic of Korea; Self Report; Sex Factors; Smoking; Vascular Calcification | 2018 |
A convenient UHPLC-MS/MS method for routine monitoring of plasma and brain levels of nicotine and cotinine as a tool to validate newly developed preclinical smoking model in mouse.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Mice; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2017 |
Efficacy of vitamins E and C for reversing the cytotoxic effects of nicotine and cotinine.
Topics: Apoptosis; Ascorbic Acid; Cell Line; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Fibroblasts; Gene Expression Regulation; Gingiva; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Nicotine; Osteoblasts; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Vitamin E | 2017 |
Association of nicotine metabolism and sex with relapse following varenicline and nicotine replacement therapy.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Female; Genotype; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Recurrence; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Varenicline | 2017 |
Taxes, Cigarette Consumption, and Smoking Intensity.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Health Behavior; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking; Taxes; Tobacco Products | 2006 |
A simple and highly sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method for the simultaneous quantification of nicotine, cotinine, and the tobacco-specific carcinogens N'-nitrosonornicotine and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone in serum samples.
Topics: Carcinogens; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Drug Stability; Humans; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
Permeability Barriers for Nicotine and Mannitol in Porcine Buccal Mucosa Studied by High-Resolution MALDI Mass Spectrometry Imaging.
Topics: Administration, Buccal; Animals; Cotinine; Mannitol; Models, Animal; Molecular Imaging; Mouth Mucosa; Nicotine; Permeability; Smoking Cessation Agents; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Sus scrofa | 2018 |
Nicotine Intake in Pregnant Smokers and a General Population of Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smokers; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Young Adult | 2018 |
Oral nicotine aggravates endothelial dysfunction and vascular inflammation in diet-induced obese rats: Role of macrophage TNFα.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Weight; C-Reactive Protein; Cotinine; Diet, High-Fat; Endothelium, Vascular; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Nicotine; Obesity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha; Vasculitis | 2017 |
Airborne Nicotine, Secondhand Smoke, and Precursors to Adolescent Smoking.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Child; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Hair; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Nicotine; Quebec; Risk Factors; Saliva; Smoke-Free Policy; Social Behavior; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Smoking | 2018 |
Measuring spatial and temporal trends of nicotine and alcohol consumption in Australia using wastewater-based epidemiology.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Australia; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monte Carlo Method; Nicotine; Rural Population; Spatio-Temporal Analysis; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use; Urban Population; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring; Young Adult | 2018 |
Influence of Nicotine Metabolism Ratio on [11C]-(+)-PHNO PET Binding in Tobacco Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Oxazines; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Receptors, Dopamine D3; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2018 |
Chronic nicotine exposure reduces klotho expression and triggers different renal and hemodynamic responses in klotho-haploinsufficient mice.
Topics: Aldosterone; Animals; Baroreflex; Cotinine; Down-Regulation; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Glucuronidase; Haploinsufficiency; Heart; Hemodynamics; Kidney; Klotho Proteins; Mice, 129 Strain; Mice, Transgenic; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Phenotype; Renal Elimination; Sodium; Sympathetic Nervous System; Time Factors; Urea | 2018 |
The effects of subcutaneous injection of nicotine on osseointegration of machined and anodized implants in rabbits.
Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Bone-Implant Interface; Cotinine; Dental Implants; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Nicotine; Osseointegration; Rabbits; Random Allocation; Smoking; Surface Properties; Time Factors; Torque | 2018 |
Application of response surface methodology to vortex-assisted dispersive liquid-liquid extraction for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Calibration; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Limit of Detection; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Liquid-Liquid Extraction; Nicotine; Regression Analysis; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Urinalysis | 2018 |
Association Between Chronic Exposure to Tobacco Smoke and Accumulation of Toxic Metals in Hair Among Pregnant Women.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Metals, Heavy; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Tobacco Smoking | 2018 |
Levels of urinary metabolites of four PAHs and cotinine determined in 1016 volunteers living in Central Italy.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Italy; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Smoking; Volunteers | 2018 |
Stability of alcohol and tobacco consumption biomarkers in a real rising main sewer.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Ethanol; Glucuronates; Humans; Nicotine; Sulfuric Acid Esters; Tobacco Use; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2018 |
Cigarette smoke modifies neutrophil chemotaxis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation and inflammatory response-related gene expression.
Topics: Apoptosis; Chemotaxis; Cotinine; Extracellular Traps; Flow Cytometry; Gene Expression; Humans; Neutrophils; Nicotine; Reactive Oxygen Species; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Smoke; Smoking; Thiocyanates | 2018 |
Estimation of compliance with exclusive smoking of very low nicotine content cigarettes using plasma cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Research Design; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2018 |
Slower nicotine metabolism among postmenopausal Polish smokers.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Poland; Postmenopause; Smokers; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
Differences in nicotine dependence, smoke exposure and consumer characteristics between smokers of machine-injected roll-your-own cigarettes and factory-made cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Costs and Cost Analysis; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Income; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Smoke; Smokers; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States | 2018 |
Analysis of nicotine and cotinine in hair by on-line in-tube solid-phase microextraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry as biomarkers of exposure to tobacco smoke.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Solid Phase Microextraction; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2018 |
Systemic absorption of nicotine following acute secondhand exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in a realistic social setting.
Topics: Absorption, Physiological; Adult; Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Environmental Monitoring; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Saliva; Young Adult | 2018 |
'Real-world' compensatory behaviour with low nicotine concentration e-liquid: subjective effects and nicotine, acrolein and formaldehyde exposure.
Topics: Acetylcysteine; Acrolein; Adult; Cotinine; Craving; England; Female; Formaldehyde; Formates; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Saliva; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Vaping; Young Adult | 2018 |
Cigarette consumption and biomarkers of nicotine exposure during pregnancy and postpartum.
Topics: Adult; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Nicotine; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Self Report; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2018 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio predicts smoking topography: The Pennsylvania Adult Smoking Study.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pennsylvania; Predictive Value of Tests; Saliva; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2018 |
Pre- and early postnatal nicotine exposure exacerbates autoresuscitation failure in serotonin-deficient rat neonates.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cotinine; Female; Hypoxia; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Medulla Oblongata; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiration; Serotonin | 2018 |
Nicotine absorption from e-cigarettes over 12 months.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Saliva; Smokers; Vaping | 2019 |
Urinary cotinine in tobacco farmers in Southern Brazil.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Brazil; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Farmers; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Pesticides; Sex Factors; Skin Absorption; Smoking; Statistics, Nonparametric; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2018 |
Commentary on Taghavi et al. (2018): Accurate measurement of tobacco smoke exposure and smoking behaviour matters.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Smoking; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2018 |
Biochemical, demographic, and self-reported tobacco-related predictors of the acute heart rate response to nicotine in smokers.
Topics: Adult; Black People; Cotinine; Demography; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Nicotine; Risk Factors; Tobacco Smoking; White People | 2018 |
Effects of Menthol Flavor Cigarettes or Total Urinary Menthol on Biomarkers of Nicotine and Carcinogenic Exposure and Behavioral Measures.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carbon Monoxide; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Menthol; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Smoking; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2019 |
Intergenerational transmission of nicotine within families: Have e-cigarettes influenced passive smoking?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; DNA Helicases; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; England; Fathers; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mothers; Nicotine; Self Report; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2018 |
Vascular endothelial function is impaired by aerosol from a single IQOS HeatStick to the same extent as by cigarette smoke.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Arteries; Cotinine; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Rats; Smoke; Tobacco Products; Vasodilation | 2018 |
Chronic intermittent nicotine delivery via lung alveolar region-targeted aerosol technology produces circadian pharmacokinetics in rats resembling human smokers.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; Circadian Rhythm; Cotinine; Drug Delivery Systems; Male; Models, Animal; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2018 |
Continuous exposure of nicotine and cotinine retards human primary pterygium cell proliferation and migration.
Topics: Actins; Apoptosis; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Cotinine; Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition; Humans; Matrix Metalloproteinase 1; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Nicotine; Pterygium; Receptors, Nicotinic; Signal Transduction; Smoking; Snail Family Transcription Factors | 2019 |
[Health Effects Accompanying the Transition from Cigarettes to Heat-not-burn Tobacco: Nicotine Dependence, Nicotine Withdrawal Symptoms, and Changes in Smoking Behaviors].
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Adult; Ammonia; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Dust; Formaldehyde; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoke; Smoking; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2018 |
Snus users had high levels of nicotine, cotinine and 3-hydroxycotinine in their breastmilk, and the clearance was slower than in smoking mothers.
Topics: Adult; Case-Control Studies; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant; Milk, Human; Mothers; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless; Young Adult | 2019 |
Tobacco Use Classification by Inexpensive Urinary Cotinine Immunoassay Test Strips.
Topics: Calibration; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Reagent Strips; Sensitivity and Specificity; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2019 |
Alcohol and nicotine consumption trends in three U.S. communities determined by wastewater-based epidemiology.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Midwestern United States; New England; Nicotine; Seasons; Smoking; Sulfuric Acid Esters; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Wastewater | 2019 |
Nicotine and Cotinine Inhibit Catalase and Glutathione Reductase Activity Contributing to the Impaired Osteogenesis of SCP-1 Cells Exposed to Cigarette Smoke.
Topics: Antioxidants; Catalase; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line; Cotinine; Glutathione Reductase; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Nicotine; Osteogenesis; Reactive Oxygen Species; Smoke; Tobacco Products | 2018 |
Lifelong exposure to caffeine increases anxiety-like behavior in adult mice exposed to tobacco smoke during adolescence.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Caffeine; Cotinine; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Male; Mice; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2019 |
Detection of Nicotine and Nicotine Metabolites in Units of Banked Blood.
Topics: Blood Banks; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2019 |
Trends in nicotine consumption between 2010 and 2017 in an Australian city using the wastewater-based epidemiology approach.
Topics: Australia; Cities; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; Wastewater | 2019 |
Nicotine levels in silicone wristband samplers worn by children exposed to secondhand smoke and electronic cigarette vapor are highly correlated with child's urinary cotinine.
Topics: Adult; Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; E-Cigarette Vapor; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Silicones; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Wearable Electronic Devices | 2019 |
Characterization of Volatile Organic Compound Metabolites in Cigarette Smokers, Electronic Nicotine Device Users, Dual Users, and Nonusers of Tobacco.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Non-Smokers; Smokers; Vaping; Volatile Organic Compounds; Young Adult | 2020 |
Urine Metabolites for Estimating Daily Intake of Nicotine From Cigarette Smoking.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine | 2020 |
Suppressed hepatocyte proliferation via a ROS-HNE-P21 pathway is associated with nicotine- and cotinine-enhanced alcoholic fatty liver in mice.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Cell Proliferation; Cotinine; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor p21; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Female; Hepatocytes; Liver Regeneration; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Nicotine; Perilipin-2; Reactive Oxygen Species; Signal Transduction; Up-Regulation | 2019 |
Socioeconomic differences in nicotine exposure and dependence in adult daily smokers.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data Collection; Employment; Female; Humans; Income; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Occupations; Pennsylvania; Saliva; Smoke; Smokers; Smoking; Social Class; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2019 |
Strain-specific altered nicotine metabolism in 3,3'-diindolylmethane (DIM) exposed mice.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Outbred Strains; Anticarcinogenic Agents; Brain; Cotinine; Female; Indoles; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Species Specificity | 2019 |
Measuring e-cigarette addiction among adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Behavior, Addictive; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; San Francisco; Self Report; Severity of Illness Index; Smoking; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Products; Vaping | 2020 |
Black Light Smokers: How Nicotine Intake and Carcinogen Exposure Differ Across Various Biobehavioral Factors.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Biomarkers; Black or African American; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Sex Factors; Smoking; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2019 |
Saliva cotinine concentrations in pregnant women who smoke and use nicotine patches.
Topics: Adult; Breath Tests; Carbon Monoxide; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Recurrence; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Smoking Reduction; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Young Adult | 2019 |
Adolescents' E-Cigarette Use: Increases in Frequency, Dependence, and Nicotine Exposure Over 12 Months.
Topics: Adolescent; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Flavoring Agents; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; San Francisco; Self Report; Vaping | 2019 |
Subcutaneous nicotine delivery via needle-free jet injection: A porcine model.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Female; Injections, Jet; Injections, Subcutaneous; Models, Animal; Needles; Nicotine; Swine | 2019 |
Electronic Cigarette Vapor with Nicotine Causes Airway Mucociliary Dysfunction Preferentially via TRPA1 Receptors.
Topics: Animals; Cell Culture Techniques; Cotinine; E-Cigarette Vapor; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Epithelial Cells; Ganglionic Stimulants; Humans; Mucociliary Clearance; Nicotine; Sheep; TRPA1 Cation Channel; Vaping | 2019 |
Evidence of Nicotine Dependence in Adolescents Who Use Juul and Similar Pod Devices.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Child; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Nicotine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2019 |
Efflux transport of nicotine, cotinine and trans-3'-hydroxycotinine glucuronides by human hepatic transporters.
Topics: ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Transport; Cotinine; Glucuronides; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 2; Multidrug Resistance-Associated Proteins; Neoplasm Proteins; Nicotine | 2019 |
Simultaneous determination of plasma nicotine and cotinine by UHPLC-MS/MS in C57BL/6 mice and its application in a pharmacokinetic study.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Linear Models; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2019 |
A mouse model for chronic intermittent electronic cigarette exposure exhibits nicotine pharmacokinetics resembling human vapers.
Topics: Aerosols; Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Behavior, Animal; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Vaping | 2019 |
Chronic E-Cigarette Use Increases Neutrophil Elastase and Matrix Metalloprotease Levels in the Lung.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Leukocyte Elastase; Lung; Macrophages; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 2; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9; Matrix Metalloproteinases; Neutrophils; Nicotine; Vaping | 2019 |
JUUL electronic cigarettes: Nicotine exposure and the user experience.
Topics: Adult; Behavior, Addictive; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Personal Satisfaction; Reinforcement, Psychology; Saliva; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2019 |
Anti-Diabetic Countermeasures Against Tobacco Smoke-Dependent Cerebrovascular Toxicity: Use and Effect of Rosiglitazone.
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Brain; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cotinine; Diabetes Mellitus; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; Nicotine; PPAR gamma; Rosiglitazone; Signal Transduction; Tobacco Smoking | 2019 |
Relationship between skin melanin index and nicotine pharmacokinetics in African American smokers.
Topics: Adult; Black or African American; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Melanins; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Skin; Tobacco Smoking; Young Adult | 2019 |
Quantitative biochemical screening for marijuana use and concordance with tobacco use in urban adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Child; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Dronabinol; Female; Humans; Male; Marijuana Use; Nicotine; Substance Abuse Detection; Young Adult | 2019 |
Use of cotinine biomarker in workers to detect green tobacco sickness.
Topics: Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Biomarkers; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Female; Headache; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Male; Middle Aged; Nausea; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Personal Protective Equipment; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2019 |
Cotinine, a major nicotine metabolite, induces cell proliferation on urothelium in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Carcinogenesis; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Proliferation; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Urinary Bladder; Urinary Bladder Neoplasms; Urothelium | 2020 |
Plasma Cotinine Cutoff for Distinguishing Smokers From Nonsmokers Among Persons Living With HIV.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Endpoint Determination; Ex-Smokers; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Non-Smokers; Predictive Value of Tests; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2019 |
Use of a physiologically-based pharmacokinetic model to explore the potential disparity in nicotine disposition between adult and adolescent nonhuman primates.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Cotinine; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Saimiri | 2020 |
Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation effects on nicotine & cotinine plasma levels and somatic withdrawal signs in adult male Wistar rats.
Topics: Administration, Inhalation; Age Factors; Animals; Atmosphere Exposure Chambers; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Male; Medically Unexplained Symptoms; Nicotine; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Vaping | 2020 |
A case of complex suicide due to acute nicotine intoxication caused by cigarette ingestion.
Topics: Adult; Autopsy; Blood Chemical Analysis; Caffeine; Cotinine; Forensic Toxicology; Gastrointestinal Contents; Humans; Male; Mirtazapine; Nicotine; Olanzapine; Suicide, Completed | 2020 |
High throughput bar adsorptive microextraction: A simple and effective analytical approach for the determination of nicotine and cotinine in urine samples.
Topics: Adsorption; Cotinine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Liquid Phase Microextraction; Nicotine; Urinalysis | 2020 |
Quantification of Nicotine and Cotinine in Plasma, Saliva, and Urine by HPLC Method in Chewing Tobacco Users.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Lipids; Liver; Male; Nicotine; Saliva; Tobacco Use; Tobacco, Smokeless; Young Adult | 2019 |
Short-Term Exposure to Waterpipe/Hookah Smoke Triggers a Hyperactive Platelet Activation State and Increases the Risk of Thrombogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Blood Platelets; Carotid Arteries; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Flow Cytometry; Follow-Up Studies; Immunoblotting; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Platelet Activation; Platelet Count; Smoke; Smoking; Smoking Water Pipes; Thrombosis; Time Factors | 2020 |
Relationships between the Nicotine Metabolite Ratio and a Panel of Exposure and Effect Biomarkers: Findings from Two Studies of U.S. Commercial Cigarette Smokers.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Datasets as Topic; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Self Report; Severity of Illness Index; Smokers; Tobacco Use Disorder; United States | 2020 |
Evaluation of hair cotinine and toxic metal levels in children who were exposed to tobacco smoke.
Topics: Child; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Metals; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Parents; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2020 |
Death related to nicotine replacement therapy: A case report.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Diagnosis, Differential; Drug Overdose; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Prisoners; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2020 |
Comprehensive Parent-Metabolite PBPK/PD Modeling Insights into Nicotine Replacement Therapy Strategies.
Topics: Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2020 |
Assessment of Tobacco Exposure During Pregnancy by Meconium Analysis and Maternal Interview.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Maternal Exposure; Meconium; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2020 |
Analysis of Nicotine Metabolites in Hair and Nails Using QuEChERS Method Followed by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Limit of Detection; Nails; Nicotine; Solid Phase Extraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2020 |
Pregnant Smokers Receiving Opioid Agonist Therapy Have an Elevated Nicotine Metabolite Ratio: A Replication Study.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Bupropion; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Methadone; Nicotine; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Smoking; Smoking Cessation | 2020 |
Structural binding perspectives of a major tobacco alkaloid, nicotine, and its metabolite cotinine with sex-steroid nuclear receptors.
Topics: Adult; Binding Sites; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Molecular Structure; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone | 2020 |
Characteristic Human Individual Puffing Profiles Can Generate More TNCO than ISO and Health Canada Regimes on Smoking Machine When the Same Brand Is Smoked.
Topics: Canada; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Smoke; Smoking; Tobacco Products | 2020 |
Anabasine-based measurement of cigarette consumption using wastewater analysis.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Australia; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyridines; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Wastewater | 2020 |
Effects of nicotine, nornicotine and cotinine, alone or in combination, on locomotor activity and ultrasonic vocalization emission in adult rats.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cotinine; Locomotion; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Long-Evans; Ultrasonic Waves; Vocalization, Animal | 2020 |
Determination of anabasine, anatabine, and nicotine biomarkers in wastewater by enhanced direct injection LC-MS/MS and evaluation of their in-sewer stability.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Australia; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Nicotine; Pyridines; Smoking Cessation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Wastewater | 2020 |
Biocompatible SPME fibers for direct monitoring of nicotine and its metabolites at ultra trace concentration in rabbit plasma following the application of smoking cessation formulations.
Topics: Anabasine; Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Isotope Labeling; Limit of Detection; Nicotine; Rabbits; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking Cessation; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors | 2020 |
A prospective study of the association between rate of nicotine metabolism and alcohol use in tobacco users in the United States.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (U.S.); Nicotiana; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Smokers; Tobacco Products; United States | 2020 |
Thirdhand Smoke Contamination and Infant Nicotine Exposure in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit: An Observational Study.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Male; Nicotine; Particulate Matter; Random Allocation; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use; United States | 2021 |
Biomarkers of Exposure among USA Adult Hookah Users: Results from Wave 1 of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study (2013-2014).
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Female; Health; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Population; Smoking; Smoking Water Pipes; Young Adult | 2020 |
Long-term trends in tobacco use assessed by wastewater-based epidemiology and its relationship with consumption of nicotine containing products.
Topics: Anabasine; Australia; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Tobacco Use; Wastewater-Based Epidemiological Monitoring | 2020 |
Measuring functional brain recovery in regenerating planarians by assessing the behavioral response to the cholinergic compound cytisine.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Azocines; Brain; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agents; Cocaine; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethanol; Nicotine; Planarians; Quinolizines; Regeneration; Seizures | 2020 |
Electronic cigarettes cause alteration in cardiac structure and function in diet-induced obese mice.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Diet, High-Fat; Echocardiography; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Heart; Heart Ventricles; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Obese; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Myocardium; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Smoking; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left | 2020 |
Impact of nicotine-induced green tobacco sickness on DNA damage and the relation with symptoms and alterations of redox status in tobacco farmers.
Topics: Adult; Agricultural Workers' Diseases; Brazil; Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; DNA Damage; Farmers; Female; Genomic Instability; Humans; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Young Adult | 2020 |
Nicotine, Cotinine, and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamines Measured in Children's Silicone Wristbands in Relation to Secondhand Smoke and E-cigarette Vapor Exposure.
Topics: Adolescent; Carcinogens; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; E-Cigarette Vapor; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Silicones; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2021 |
Smoking cessation increases levels of osteocalcin and uncarboxylated osteocalcin in human sera.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Bone Density; Cotinine; Female; Homeostasis; Humans; Male; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Osteocalcin; Osteoclasts; Osteogenesis; Osteoporosis; Risk Factors; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase | 2020 |
Cotinine as a measure of smoking in observational studies of multiple sclerosis.
Topics: Case-Control Studies; Cotinine; Humans; Multiple Sclerosis; Nicotine; Smoking | 2021 |
A Simple and High-Throughput LC-MS-MS Method for Simultaneous Measurement of Nicotine, Cotinine, 3-OH Cotinine, Nornicotine and Anabasine in Urine and Its Application in the General Korean Population.
Topics: Anabasine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Republic of Korea; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Does the implementation of smoke-free laws and smoking culture affect exposure to tobacco smoking? Results from 3 hospitality settings in South Korea.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Air Pollution, Indoor; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dust; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Occupational Exposure; Republic of Korea; Restaurants; Smoke-Free Policy; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2021 |
Self-Administration of Cotinine in Wistar Rats: Comparisons to Nicotine.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Male; Mecamylamine; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Nicotinic; Self Administration; Varenicline | 2021 |
Fetal and Postnatal Nicotine Exposure Modifies Maturation of Gonocytes to Spermatogonia in Mice.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Seminiferous Tubules; Spermatogonia; Testis | 2020 |
Tobacco smoke exposure enhances reward sensitivity in male and female rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cotinine; Female; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Reward; Self Stimulation; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2021 |
Nicotine and Its Downstream Metabolites in Maternal and Cord Sera: Biomarkers of Prenatal Smoking Exposure Associated with Offspring DNA Methylation.
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Cotinine; DNA Methylation; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking | 2020 |
Nicotine e-cigarette vapor inhalation and self-administration in a rodent model: Sex- and nicotine delivery-specific effects on metabolism and behavior.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Drug-Seeking Behavior; E-Cigarette Vapor; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Locomotion; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Self Administration; Sex Factors | 2021 |
Effect of race and glucuronidation rates on the relationship between nicotine metabolite ratio and nicotine clearance.
Topics: Black or African American; Cotinine; Genotype; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 2021 |
Nicotine metabolite ratio: Comparison of the three urinary versions to the plasma version and nicotine clearance in three clinical studies.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Genotype; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Nicotine; Phenotype; Smoking | 2021 |
Differential effects of alkaloids on memory in rodents.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Male; Maze Learning; Memory Disorders; Memory, Short-Term; Mice; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Pyridines; Rats; Receptors, Nicotinic; Scopolamine; Spatial Memory | 2021 |
Characterizing nicotine exposure among a community sample of non-daily smokers in the United States.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Humans; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Pennsylvania; Smokers; Smoking; United States; Young Adult | 2021 |
Developing Analytical Applications for Parahydrogen Hyperpolarization: Urinary Elimination Pharmacokinetics of Nicotine.
Topics: Body Fluids; Cotinine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nicotine | 2021 |
Subchronic effects of plant alkaloids on anxiety-like behavior in zebrafish.
Topics: Alkaloids; Anabasine; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Buspirone; Carbolines; Cotinine; Disease Models, Animal; Female; Harmine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Pyridines; Solanaceae; Zebrafish | 2021 |
Sexual identity differences in biomarkers of tobacco exposure among women in a national sample.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Tobacco Products | 2021 |
The feasibility, acceptability, and initial efficacy of a remotely delivered, financial-incentive intervention to initiate vaping abstinence in young adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Motivation; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Vaping; Young Adult | 2022 |
Differential associations of hand nicotine and urinary cotinine with children's exposure to tobacco smoke and clinical outcomes.
Topics: Child; Child, Preschool; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2021 |
Comparison of saliva cotinine and exhaled carbon monoxide concentrations when smoking and after being offered dual nicotine replacement therapy in pregnancy.
Topics: Bayes Theorem; Carbon Monoxide; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Observational Studies as Topic; Pregnancy; Saliva; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2022 |
Stability of Varenicline Concentration in Saliva Over 21 Days at Three Storage Temperatures.
Topics: Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Smoking Cessation; Temperature; Varenicline | 2022 |
Tobacco and Cannabis Use During Pregnancy.
Topics: Cannabis; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pregnancy | 2022 |
The Development and Testing of a Perinatal Tobacco Attitudes and Behaviors Survey.
Topics: Attitude; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Use | 2022 |
Study on the daily
Topics: Adult; Aged; Asian People; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Inhalation Exposure; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Republic of Korea; Smoke; Smokers; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2021 |
Profiles of primary aromatic amines, nicotine, and cotinine in indoor dust and associated human exposure in China.
Topics: Adult; Air Pollution, Indoor; Amines; China; Cotinine; Dust; Environmental Exposure; Humans; Nicotine | 2022 |
Precision treatment with nicotine in autosomal dominant sleep-related hypermotor epilepsy (ADSHE): An observational study of clinical outcome and serum cotinine levels in 17 patients.
Topics: Cotinine; Epilepsy, Reflex; Humans; Nicotine; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sleep | 2021 |
Association between early gestation passive smoke exposure and neonatal size among self-reported non-smoking women by race/ethnicity: A cohort study.
Topics: Adult; Birth Weight; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2021 |
Low-cost apparatus for cigarette smoke exposure in rats.
Topics: Animals; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Rats | 2022 |
Risk Assessment of Passive Smoking Based on Analysis of Hair Nicotine and Cotinine as Exposure Biomarkers by In-Tube Solid-Phase Microextraction Coupled On-Line to LC-MS/MS.
Topics: Adult; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Female; Hair; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Risk Assessment; Solid Phase Microextraction; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2021 |
Serum Concentrations of Cotinine and Trans-3'-Hydroxycotinine in US Adults: Results From Wave 1 (2013-2014) of the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2022 |
Early-life nicotine or cotinine exposure produces long-lasting sleep alterations and downregulation of hippocampal corticosteroid receptors in adult mice.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Down-Regulation; Hippocampus; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neurogenesis; Nicotine; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Sleep Wake Disorders; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2021 |
Smoking intensity and urinary nicotine metabolites by socioeconomic status in the Heinz Nixdorf Recall study.
Topics: Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Prospective Studies; Smoking; Social Class | 2022 |
Identification of potential biomarkers in urine and plasma after consumption of tobacco product in horses.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Body Fluids; Cotinine; Female; Horses; Nicotine; Plasma; Tobacco Products | 2022 |
Exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and nicotine, and associations with sperm DNA fragmentation.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; DNA Fragmentation; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Spermatozoa; Young Adult | 2022 |
Maternal nicotine metabolism moderates the impact of maternal cigarette smoking on infant birth weight: A Collaborative Perinatal Project investigation.
Topics: Birth Weight; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Tobacco Products | 2022 |
Characterization of molecularly imprinted polymers for the extraction of tobacco alkaloids and their metabolites in human urine.
Topics: Alkaloids; Cotinine; Humans; Molecular Imprinting; Molecularly Imprinted Polymers; Morphine Derivatives; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Polymers; Solid Phase Extraction | 2022 |
Does genetic variation in a bitter taste receptor gene alter early smoking behaviours in adolescents and young adults?
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Genetic Variation; Humans; Nicotine; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled; Smoking; Taste; Tobacco Use Disorder; Young Adult | 2022 |
Nicotine Exposure in the U.S. Population: Total Urinary Nicotine Biomarkers in NHANES 2015-2016.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Creatinine; Humans; Nicotine; Nutrition Surveys; Oxides | 2022 |
Exposure and Risk Assessment of Second- and Third-Hand Tobacco Smoke Using Urinary Cotinine Levels in South Korea.
Topics: Child; Cotinine; Environmental Exposure; Female; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Republic of Korea; Risk Assessment; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2022 |
Sex and age differences in approach behavior toward a port that delivers nicotine vapor.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Choice Behavior; Cotinine; Female; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2022 |
Variability in urinary concentrations of primary aromatic amines.
Topics: Amines; Aniline Compounds; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Smoke | 2022 |
Variability in Urinary Nicotine Exposure Biomarker Levels Between Waves 1 (2013-2014) and 2 (2014-2015) in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health Study.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Tobacco Products | 2023 |
Urinary Nicotine Metabolites and Self-Reported Tobacco Use Among Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, 2013-2014.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Self Report; Tobacco Use | 2022 |
Validation of a high-throughput method for simultaneous determination of areca nut and tobacco biomarkers in hair using microwave-assisted extraction and isotope dilution liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Alkaloids; Areca; Arecoline; Biomarkers; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Hair; Humans; Isotopes; Microwaves; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nuts; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Products | 2022 |
Association between Fathers' Use of Heated Tobacco Products and Urinary Cotinine Concentrations in Their Spouses and Children.
Topics: Child; Cotinine; Fathers; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Spouses; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2022 |
A Pilot Study of Exposure to Nicotine in Human Pregnancy and Maternal and Fetal Testosterone Levels at Birth.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Female; Fetus; Humans; Maternal Exposure; Nicotine; Parturition; Pilot Projects; Placenta; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Rats; Sheep; Smoking; Testosterone | 2022 |
Predictors of Adherence Among Vulnerable Populations of Adults Assigned to Smoke Very Low Nicotine Content Cigarettes.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Vulnerable Populations | 2022 |
Effects of excessive alcohol drinking on nicotine biotransformation in rats.
Topics: Alcohol Drinking; Animals; Biotransformation; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Ethanol; Female; Male; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Oxides; Rats; Smoke; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2022 |
Nicotine and cotinine quantification after a 4-week inhalation of electronic cigarette vapors in male and female mice using UPLC-MS/MS.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; E-Cigarette Vapor; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Nicotine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Investigation of exposure biomarkers in human plasma following differing levels of tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines and nicotine in cigarette smoke.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Tobacco Products; Young Adult | 2022 |
Assessing changes in nicotine consumption over two years in a population of Hanoi by wastewater analysis with benchmarking biomarkers.
Topics: Benchmarking; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Sewage; Wastewater | 2022 |
Assessment of the exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in users of various tobacco/nicotine products by suitable urinary biomarkers.
Topics: Benzo(a)pyrene; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Fluorenes; Humans; Naphthalenes; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Oils; Phenanthrenes; Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons; Pyrenes; Smoking Cessation; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2022 |
Anabasine and Anatabine Exposure Attributable to Cigarette Smoking: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013-2014.
Topics: Adult; Alkaloids; Anabasine; Biomarkers; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nutrition Surveys; Pyridines | 2022 |
Factors associated with secondhand smoke exposure among non-smoking employees in the workplace: A cross-sectional study in Qingdao, China.
Topics: Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Occupational Exposure; Restaurants; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Workplace | 2022 |
Comparing POD and MOD ENDS Users' Product Characteristics, Use Behaviors, and Nicotine Exposure.
Topics: Consumer Behavior; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Salts; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tobacco Products; Vaping | 2023 |
Brief Report: HIV Infection Does Not Explain Higher Nicotine Metabolism in People Living With HIV.
Topics: Adult; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; HIV Infections; HIV Seropositivity; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Retrospective Studies | 2022 |
Passive Smoking Exposure Modifies Cardiovascular Structure and Function: Beijing Child Growth and Health Cohort (PROC) Study.
Topics: Beijing; Child; Cohort Studies; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2022 |
Predicting nicotine metabolism across ancestries using genotypes.
Topics: Cotinine; Genome-Wide Association Study; Genotype; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking | 2022 |
Relapse to cotinine seeking in rats: differential effects of sex.
Topics: Animals; Conditioning, Operant; Cotinine; Cues; Extinction, Psychological; Female; Male; Nicotine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Recurrence; Self Administration; Yohimbine | 2022 |
Development of an Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography method for the simultaneous mass detection of tobacco biomarkers in urine.
Topics: Anabasine; Biomarkers; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Emulsions; Humans; Methylene Chloride; Nicotine; Reproducibility of Results; Smoking Cessation; Solvents; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices; Water | 2022 |
Identification of 5-Hydroxycotinine in the Plasma of Nicotine-Treated Mice: Implications for Cotinine Metabolism and Disposition in Vivo.
Topics: Animals; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine; Oxides; Smoking; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Determination of soluble angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in saliva samples and its association with nicotine.
Topics: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva | 2023 |
Passive exposure to electronic cigarette aerosol in pregnancy: A case study of a family.
Topics: Adult; Aerosols; Biomarkers; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Female; Humans; Metals; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Pregnancy; Propylene Glycols; Prospective Studies; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2023 |
Nicotine and Tobacco Alkaloid Testing and Challenges: Lessons Learned From a College of American Pathologists Proficiency Testing Survey.
Topics: Alkaloids; Cotinine; Humans; Laboratory Proficiency Testing; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Pathologists | 2023 |
Impact of Genetic Variants in the Nicotine Metabolism Pathway on Nicotine Metabolite Levels in Smokers.
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Genotype; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Nicotine; Smokers; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2023 |
Prolonged, physiologically relevant nicotine concentrations in the airways of smokers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotine; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive; Respiratory System; Smokers | 2023 |
Association between serum cotinine and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in adults living with HIV, HBV, or HCV (NHANES 2005-2018).
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis B virus; Hepatitis C; HIV; HIV Infections; Humans; Nicotine; Nutrition Surveys; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Volatile Organic Compounds | 2022 |
Environmental tobacco smoke at home and in public places prior to smoking ban enforcement: Assessment by hair analysis in a population of young adult students.
Topics: Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Environmental Exposure; Hair Analysis; Humans; Nicotine; Smoke-Free Policy; Students; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Young Adult | 2023 |
The Roswell eND scale: Brief, valid assessment of nicotine dependence adults seeking to discontinue e-cigarette use.
Topics: Adult; Cotinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Tobacco Products; Tobacco Use Disorder; Vaping | 2023 |
Respiratory Exposure to Thirdhand Cigarette Smoke Increases Concentrations of Urinary Metabolites of Nicotine.
Topics: Aerosols; Aged; Biomarkers; Carcinogens; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Cross-Over Studies; Humans; Interleukin-6; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Nitrosamines; Tobacco Smoke Pollution; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A | 2023 |
Inhibition of Nicotine Metabolism by Cannabidiol (CBD) and 7-Hydroxycannabidiol (7-OH-CBD).
Topics: Cannabidiol; Cannabinoids; Cotinine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2A6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Microsomes, Liver; Nicotine | 2023 |
Drug consumption in German cities and municipalities during the COVID-19 lockdown: a wastewater analysis.
Topics: Amphetamine; Cities; Communicable Disease Control; Cotinine; COVID-19; Humans; Illicit Drugs; Metoprolol; Nicotine; SARS-CoV-2; Substance-Related Disorders; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 2023 |
Specific biomarker comparison in current smokers, e-cigarette users, and non-smokers.
Topics: Biomarkers; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Non-Smokers; Tobacco Products | 2023 |
Feasibility of mailed biomarker data collection among U.S. young adults: Saliva-based cotinine and self-reported nicotine use.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Nicotine; Saliva; Self Report; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2023 |
Application of Ionic Liquids as Mobile Phase Additives for Simultaneous Analysis of Nicotine and Its Metabolite Cotinine in Human Plasma by HPLC-DAD.
Topics: Alkaloids; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cotinine; Humans; Ionic Liquids; Nicotine | 2023 |
Acute nicotine exposure blocks aromatase in the limbic brain of healthy women: A [
Topics: Animals; Aromatase; Brain; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Positron-Emission Tomography; Tobacco Use Disorder | 2023 |
The involvement of dopamine and D2 receptor-mediated transmission in effects of cotinine in male rats.
Topics: Animals; Cotinine; Dopamine; Dopamine Antagonists; Male; Nicotine; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine D1; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Self Administration | 2023 |
Improving Wastewater-Based Tobacco Use Estimates Using Anabasine.
Topics: Anabasine; Biomarkers; Cotinine; Humans; Nicotiana; Nicotine; Smoking; Tobacco Use; Wastewater | 2023 |
Antibody-assisted MIL-53(Fe)/Pt-based electrochemical biosensor for the detection of the nicotine metabolite cotinine.
Topics: Antibodies; Biosensing Techniques; Cotinine; Electrochemical Techniques; Electrodes; Limit of Detection; Nicotine | 2023 |
Low level of urinary cotinine in pregnant women also matters: variability, exposure characteristics, and association with oxidative stress markers.
Topics: 8-Hydroxy-2'-Deoxyguanosine; Cotinine; Female; Humans; Nicotine; Oxidative Stress; Pregnancy; Pregnant Women; Reproducibility of Results | 2023 |
Factors predicting willingness to quit snus and cigarette use among young males.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Cigarette Smoking; Cotinine; Humans; Male; Nicotine; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tobacco, Smokeless; Young Adult | 2023 |
Impact of nicotine and cotinine on macrophage inflammatory plasticity via vesicular modifications in gastrointestinal bacteria.
Topics: Bacteria; Cotinine; Macrophages; Nicotine | 2023 |
Changes and stability of hand nicotine levels in children of smokers: Associations with urinary biomarkers, reported child tobacco smoke exposure, and home smoking bans.
Topics: Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Cotinine; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Nicotine; Smoke-Free Policy; Smokers; Tobacco Smoke Pollution | 2023 |
Quantitation of Urine Nicotine, Cotinine, and 3-OH-Cotinine by Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS).
Topics: Chromatography, Liquid; Cotinine; Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems; Humans; Nicotine; Smoking Cessation; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tobacco Use Cessation Devices | 2024 |