clonidine has been researched along with morphine in 595 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 197 (33.11) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 182 (30.59) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 132 (22.18) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 69 (11.60) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 15 (2.52) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Carrupt, PA; Crivori, P; Cruciani, G; Testa, B | 1 |
| Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F | 1 |
| Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY | 2 |
| Boettcher, C; Bünemann, M; Dees, C; Lohse, MJ; Nikolaev, VO; Zenk, MH | 1 |
| Baert, B; Beetens, J; Bodé, S; De Spiegeleer, B; Deconinck, E; Lambert, J; Slegers, G; Slodicka, M; Stoppie, P; Van Gele, M; Vander Heyden, Y | 1 |
| Andricopulo, AD; Moda, TL; Montanari, CA | 1 |
| Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ | 1 |
| Ahlin, G; Artursson, P; Bergström, CA; Gustavsson, L; Karlsson, J; Larsson, R; Matsson, P; Norinder, U; Pedersen, JM | 1 |
| Chupka, J; El-Kattan, A; Feng, B; Miller, HR; Obach, RS; Troutman, MD; Varma, MV | 1 |
| Chen, L; He, Z; Li, H; Liu, J; Liu, X; Sui, X; Sun, J; Wang, Y; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Barnes, JC; Bradley, P; Day, NC; Fourches, D; Reed, JZ; Tropsha, A | 1 |
| Campillo, NE; Guerra, A; Páez, JA | 1 |
| García-Mera, X; González-Díaz, H; Prado-Prado, FJ | 1 |
| Ahlin, G; Bergström, F; Bredberg, U; Fridén, M; Hammarlund-Udenaes, M; Rehngren, M; Wan, H | 1 |
| Annand, R; Gozalbes, R; Jacewicz, M; Pineda-Lucena, A; Tsaioun, K | 1 |
| Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K | 1 |
| Cott, J; Engel, J | 1 |
| Gillan, MG; Kosterlitz, HW; Robson, LE; Waterfield, AA | 1 |
| Blake, DE; Holsapple, MP; Yim, GK | 1 |
| Aghajanian, GK | 2 |
| Rivier, C; Vale, W | 1 |
| Fielding, S; Ma, MG; Spaulding, TC; Venafro, JJ | 1 |
| Knoll, J; Török, TL; Vizi, SE; Zséli, J | 1 |
| Fielding, S; Lal, H; Spaulding, TC; Venafro, JJ | 1 |
| Fielding, S; Hynes, M; Lal, H; Novick, WJ; Szewczak, M; Wilker, J | 1 |
| Bluet-Pajot, MT; Schaub, C | 1 |
| Strömbom, U; Svensson, TH | 1 |
| Paalzow, G | 1 |
| Gomes, C; Svensson, TH; Trolin, G | 1 |
| Gianutsos, G; Hynes, MD; Lal, H | 1 |
| Poignant, JC; Rismondo, N | 1 |
| Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Guidorzi, R; Tomasini, C | 1 |
| Colado, MI; Martin, MI | 1 |
| Jansen van't Land, C; van der Laan, JW | 1 |
| Hylden, JK; Kitto, K; Lei, S; Roerig, SC; Wilcox, GL | 1 |
| Done, C; Sharp, T; Silverstone, P | 1 |
| Dehpour, AR; Ghahremani, MH | 1 |
| Garzón, J; Sánchez-Blázquez, P | 3 |
| Benhamou, D; Bouaziz, H; Hamza, J; Narchi, P | 1 |
| Ejlersen, E; Eliasen, K; Kehlet, H; Mogensen, T; Nielsen, IK; Vegger, P | 1 |
| Carabine, UA; Milligan, KR; Moore, J | 1 |
| Cmielewski, PL; Cousins, MJ; Gourlay, GK; Owen, H; Plummer, JL | 1 |
| Schnur, P | 1 |
| Carabine, UA; Milligan, KR; Moore, J; Mulholland, D | 1 |
| De Kock, MF; Pichon, G; Scholtes, JL | 1 |
| Cicero, TJ; Nock, B | 1 |
| Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Ferraro, L; Morari, M; Simonato, M; Spalluto, G; Tanganelli, S | 1 |
| Troian, IuIu; Zhukov, VN | 1 |
| Sharpe, LG | 1 |
| Johnson, SM | 1 |
| Dubner, R; Hylden, JL; Iadarola, MJ; Nahin, RL; Thomas, DA | 1 |
| Takano, Y; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Bartha, L; Hársing, LG; Kiem, DT; Makara, GB | 1 |
| Bentley, GA; Coupar, IM; Margaritis, J | 1 |
| Morrone, LA; Pimpinella, G; Romanelli, L; Valeri, P | 1 |
| Martinelli, B; Morrone, LA; Severini, C; Valeri, P | 1 |
| Dai, S; Wang, Y | 1 |
| Avrutskiĭ, MIa; Guseĭnov, TIu; Katkovskiĭ, DG; Musikhin, LV; Zhukov, VN | 1 |
| Hoebel, BG; Mark, GP; Pothos, E; Rada, P | 2 |
| Bovill, JG; Ploeger, EJ; van Essen, EJ | 1 |
| Rasmussen, K | 1 |
| Wong, CL | 2 |
| Bailey, PL; East, KA; East, TD; Eldredge, SJ; Johnson, GK; Pace, NL; Sperry, RJ; Stanley, TH | 1 |
| Barney, CC; Katovich, MJ; Pitman, DL | 1 |
| Arts, KS; Fujimoto, JM | 2 |
| Monasky, MS; Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL; Zinsmeister, AR | 1 |
| Arts, KS; Fujimoto, JM; Rady, JJ; Tseng, LF | 1 |
| Camilleri, M; Malagelada, JR; Thomforde, GM; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Amerini, S; Ledda, F; Mantelli, L | 1 |
| Duncan, SR; Jarvis, DJ; Maze, M; Segal, IS; White, PF | 1 |
| Arts, KS; Fujimoto, JM; Holmes, BB | 1 |
| Brighouse, D; Glynn, CJ; O'Connor, M | 1 |
| Burnham, DB; Fondacaro, JD; Kolpak, DC; McCafferty, GP | 1 |
| Eisenach, JC; Kashtan, K; Mendez, R | 1 |
| Aranow, JS; Kelsey, JE; Matthews, RT | 1 |
| Gräber, E; Ludwig, K; Motsch, J | 1 |
| Green, J; Harris, S; Lloyd, P; Lozito, R; Messineo, E; Ossipov, MH | 1 |
| Harris, S; Lloyd, P; Messineo, E; Ossipov, MH | 1 |
| Rönnbäck, L | 1 |
| Izenwasser, S; Kornetsky, C | 1 |
| Buccafusco, JJ | 2 |
| Bell, JA; Kimes, AS; London, ED | 2 |
| Cooper, JR; Zoltay, G | 3 |
| Dashwood, MR; Mathias, CJ; May, CN; Whitehead, CJ | 1 |
| Gaumann, DM; Tyce, GM; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Jasinski, DR; Johnson, RE; Kocher, TR | 1 |
| Mulder, AH; Schoffelmeer, AN; Wierenga, EA | 1 |
| Nance, PW; Sawynok, J | 1 |
| Aghajanian, GK; Wang, YY | 2 |
| Beitner, DB; Duman, RS; Nestler, EJ | 1 |
| Katz, JL | 3 |
| Greulich, A; Hjortsø, NC; Kehlet, H; Lund, C; Qvitzau, S | 1 |
| Chen, M; Grekin, RJ; Huang, BS; Lee, J; Malvin, RL | 1 |
| Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Ossipov, MH; Spaulding, TC; Suarez, LJ | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Ness, TJ | 2 |
| Antonelli, T; Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Simonato, M; Spalluto, P; Tanganelli, S; Tomasini, C | 1 |
| Collins, JG; Kitahata, LM; Kumeta, Y; Murata, K; Nakagawa, I | 1 |
| Jurcovicová, J; Krulich, L; Le, T | 1 |
| Antonelli, T; Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Simonato, M; Spalluto, G; Tanganelli, S; Tomasini, C | 1 |
| Babbini, M; Bacchi, A; Bartoletti, M; Gaiardi, M; Gubellini, C | 3 |
| Hellström, PM; Svensson, TH; Thollander, M | 1 |
| Ben-Zvi, Z; Garty, M; Hurwitz, A | 1 |
| Buzzanell, C; Eisenach, JC; Lysak, SZ; Rauck, RL | 1 |
| Hollingsworth, PJ; Moises, HC; Smith, CB; Spengler, RN | 1 |
| García-Sevilla, JA; Ugedo, L; Ulibarri, I | 1 |
| Andreev, BV; Ignatov, IuD | 1 |
| Fennessy, MR; Jarrott, B; Lewis, SJ; Svec, J | 1 |
| Antonelli, T; Beani, L; Bianchi, C; Rando, S; Simonato, M; Tanganelli, S | 1 |
| Kulkarni, SK; Parale, MP | 1 |
| Sandyk, R | 1 |
| Geppert, M; Illes, P; Jackisch, R | 1 |
| Verrier, RL | 1 |
| Ben-Zvi, Z; Hurwitz, A | 1 |
| Sanger, DJ | 2 |
| Bogaert, MG; Lefebvre, RA | 1 |
| Glynn, CJ; Jamous, MA; Lloyd, JW; Moore, RA; Teddy, PJ | 1 |
| Lefebvre, R | 1 |
| Hillen, FC; van der Laan, JW | 1 |
| Al-Saffar, A; Eriksson, U; Hellström, PM; Svensson, TH; Thollander, M | 1 |
| Archer, T; Danysz, W; Minor, BG; Persson, ML; Post, C; Sundström, E | 1 |
| Adamson, P; Brammer, MJ; Campbell, IC; McWilliam, JR | 2 |
| Monasky, MS; Stevens, CW; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Koenig-Berard, E; Nadaud, D; Stinus, L; Tierney, C | 1 |
| Archer, T; Minor, BG; Post, C | 1 |
| Doak, N; Fleming, WW; Leedham, JA; Taylor, DA | 1 |
| Kitahata, LM | 1 |
| Filatov, AV | 1 |
| Aghajanian, GK; Freedman, JE | 1 |
| Conway, S; Koenig, JI; Krulich, L; Mayfield, MA; McCann, SM | 1 |
| Farcot, JM; Laugner, B; Muller, A; Thiébaut, JB | 1 |
| Gershow, J; Krames, ES; Wilkie, DJ | 1 |
| Mulder, AH; Putters, J; Schoffelmeer, AN | 1 |
| Kharin, NA; Komissarov, IV; Serdiuk, SE | 1 |
| Dashwood, MR; Dickenson, AH; Sullivan, AF | 1 |
| Ahrens, FA; Panichkriangkrai, W | 2 |
| Bapna, JS; Rajasekaran, M; Ramaswamy, S | 1 |
| Esposito, E; Kruszewska, A; Ossowska, G; Samanin, R | 1 |
| Ignar, DM; Kuhn, CM | 1 |
| Ferreira, SH; Nakamura, M | 1 |
| Dawson, D; Glynn, C; Sanders, R | 1 |
| Chinn, C; Horita, A; Yabase, M | 1 |
| Kalin, NH; Shelton, SE | 1 |
| Lico, MC; Nakamura, M | 1 |
| de Groot, G; van der Laan, JW | 1 |
| Forsyth, KM; Pollock, D | 1 |
| Cervenko, FW; Loomis, CW; Milne, B | 1 |
| Drasner, K; Fields, HL | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Solomon, RE | 1 |
| Beerman, H; Bovill, JG; Ploeger, EJ; van Essen, EJ | 1 |
| Ham, IW; Heslop, KE; Mathias, CJ; May, CN; Stone, FA | 1 |
| Agren, H | 1 |
| Alamo, C; Alguacil, LF; Cuenca, E; Santos, C | 1 |
| Belknap, JK; Danielson, PW; Laursen, SE; Noordewier, B | 1 |
| Ben-Zvi, Z; Graham, CE; Hurwitz, A | 1 |
| Szilagyi, JE | 1 |
| Angelo, JM; Dewan, DM; Eisenach, JC; Rose, JC | 1 |
| Carlsson, KH; Jochim, A; Jurna, I; Wilcox, GL | 1 |
| Benishin, CG; Cooper, JR; Pearce, LB | 2 |
| Arzese, M; Devilla, L; Montaldi, ML; Musso, NR; Pende, A; Vergassola, C | 1 |
| Duggan, AW; Zhao, ZQ | 1 |
| Fasmer, OB; Hole, K; Jørgensen, HA | 1 |
| Adithan, C; Bapna, JS; Raveendran, R; Sivagnanam, G | 1 |
| Kameyama, T; Matsuno, K; Nabeshima, T; Sugimoto, A; Yamada, S | 1 |
| Bueno, L; Primi, MP | 1 |
| Enna, SJ; Zorn, SH | 1 |
| Coombs, DW; Jensen, LE; Lachance, D; Ragnarsson, TS; Saunders, RL; Savage, S | 1 |
| Bardo, MT; Bhatnagar, RK; Schmidt, RH | 1 |
| Smith, JB | 2 |
| Kameyama, T; Matsuno, K; Nabeshima, T | 1 |
| McKearney, JW | 1 |
| Gillman, MA; Lichtigfeld, FJ | 1 |
| Chan, JY; Chan, SH | 1 |
| Chan, SH | 1 |
| Cervenko, FW; Jhamandas, K; Milne, B; Sutak, M | 1 |
| Brown, OM; DiStefano, PS | 1 |
| Chatterjee, TK; Gebhart, GF; Ossipov, MH | 1 |
| Carlson, KR; Cooper, DO; McKearney, JW | 1 |
| Pickworth, WB; Sharpe, LG | 1 |
| McCulloch, CR; Pollock, D | 1 |
| Kaneto, H; Yamazaki, A | 1 |
| Hornykiewicz, O; Kuschinsky, K | 1 |
| Persico, L | 1 |
| Collier, HO; Tucker, JF | 1 |
| Oksenhendler, G; Petit, J; Ropiquet, S; Winckler, C | 1 |
| De Moraes, S; Rae, GA | 1 |
| Neale, JH; Plishka, RJ | 1 |
| Golembiowska-Nikitin, K; Pilc, A; Vetulani, J | 1 |
| Andréjak, M; Mouillé, P; Pommier, Y; Schmitt, H | 1 |
| Reddy, SV; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Arimura, A; Forman, LJ; Meites, J; Miki, N; Ramos, T; Sonntag, WE; Steger, RW | 1 |
| Hayes, AG; Skingle, M; Tyers, MB | 1 |
| Badger, TM; Martin, JB; Millard, WJ; Sagar, SM | 1 |
| Yaksh, TL; Yasuoka, S | 1 |
| Hillen, FC; van der Laan, JW; Weick, G | 1 |
| Gebhart, GF; Ossipov, MH | 1 |
| Cervo, L; Romandini, S; Samanin, R | 1 |
| Aleixandre, MA; Colado, MI; García de Jalón, PD; Martín, MI | 1 |
| Jeziorski, K; Matsumoto, H | 1 |
| Livingston, A; Morris, B | 1 |
| Jurna, I | 1 |
| Farsang, C; Kunos, G; Mucci, L; Ramirez-Gonzalez, MD | 1 |
| Hamburg, M; Tallman, JF | 1 |
| Thoolen, MJ; Timmermans, PB; Van Zwieten, PA | 1 |
| Kalra, SP; Simpkins, JW | 1 |
| Edén, S; Eriksson, E; Modigh, K | 1 |
| Redmond, DE | 1 |
| Fielding, S; Lal, H; Spaulding, TC | 1 |
| Aceto, MD; Harris, LS | 1 |
| Elam, M; Engberg, G; Svensson, TH | 1 |
| Andréjak, M; Dabiré, H; Lucet, B; Mouillé, P; Pommier, Y; Schmitt, H | 1 |
| Huang, YH; Redmond, DE | 1 |
| Scuvée-Moreau, JJ; Svensson, TH | 1 |
| Kosterlitz, HW; Mucha, RF; Robson, LE | 1 |
| Atlas, D; Hynes, MD; Ruffolo, RR | 1 |
| Costa, LG; Murphy, SD | 1 |
| Grilly, DM; Jacoby, D; Johnson, SK; LaRiccia, J; Minardo, R | 1 |
| Lavies, NG; Rubin, J; Strube, PJ | 1 |
| Aguilar, H; García-Sainz, JA; López, E; Luján, M; Martínez-Olmedo, MA; Ramírez, R | 1 |
| Izumi, R; Kaneto, H; Takahashi, M | 1 |
| Aleixandre, MA; García de Jalón, PD; Martin, MI | 1 |
| Blandina, P; Botti, P; Caramelli, L; Fantozzi, R; Ledda, F; Mannaioni, PF; Masini, E; Moroni, F; Peruzzi, S; Zorn, AM | 1 |
| Eisenberg, RM | 1 |
| Michael, RP; Schaefer, GJ | 1 |
| Dwoskin, LP; Neal, BS; Sparber, SB | 1 |
| Aghajanian, GK; Andrade, R; Vandermaelen, CP | 1 |
| Mohrland, JS; Wolf, DL | 1 |
| Konno, F; Takayanagi, I | 1 |
| Brown, MJ; Conway, EL; Dollery, CT | 1 |
| Dykstra, LA; Genovese, RF | 1 |
| Barry, H; Krimmer, EC; McGuire, MS | 1 |
| Ahrens, FA; Zhu, BL | 1 |
| Iwamoto, ET | 1 |
| Haertzen, CA; Henningfield, JE; Jasinski, DR; Johnson, RE; Makhzoumi, HM; Miyasato, K | 1 |
| Bloch, R; Bousquet, P; Feldman, J; Schwartz, J | 1 |
| Atrens, DM; Gleeson, RM | 1 |
| Ghosh, MN; Gopalakrishnan, V; Pillai, NP; Ramaswamy, S | 1 |
| Kuhn, CM; Schanberg, SM | 1 |
| Coale, EH; Hein, DW; Herling, S; Valentino, RJ; Woods, JH | 1 |
| Carlson, HE; Hershman, JM; Lamers, CB; Morley, JE; Poitras, P; Sharp, B; Walsh, JH | 1 |
| Crowley, WR; Johnson, MD; Terry, LC | 1 |
| Chan, SH; Lai, YY | 2 |
| Inoue, K; Kohno, S; Murata, T; Ohata, K; Sakamoto, H | 1 |
| Spector, S | 1 |
| Gupta, VN; Pickworth, WB; Sharpe, LG | 1 |
| Bluet-Pajot, MT; Durand, D; Kordon, C; Mounier, F; Schaub, C | 1 |
| Elsworth, JD; Redmond, DE; Roth, RH | 1 |
| Ghosh, MN; Gopalakrishnan, V; Pillai, N; Ramaswamy, S | 1 |
| Morita, K; North, A; Tokimasa, T | 1 |
| Blandina, P; Fantozzi, R; Luciani, G; Mannaioni, P; Masini, E | 1 |
| Lipman, JJ; Spencer, PS | 1 |
| Allin, D; Dubois, M; DuPen, S; Eisenach, JC; Miguel, R | 1 |
| Eisenach, JC; Gebhart, GF | 1 |
| Bonnet, F; Loriferne, JF; N'Guyen, JP; Rostaing, S; Souchal Delacour, I | 1 |
| Baraban, SC; Guyenet, PG; Stornetta, RL | 1 |
| Abram, SE; O'Connor, TC | 1 |
| Bachour, K; Barale, F; Bettinger, G; Koeberlé, P; Rubin, L | 1 |
| Brodsky, M; Inturrisi, CE; Rasmussen, K | 1 |
| Dills, C; Leiphart, J; Levy, R | 1 |
| Collins, JG; Harada, Y; Kishikawa, K; Kitahata, LM; Nishioka, K | 1 |
| Abram, SE; Winne, RP | 1 |
| Cmielewski, PL; Gourlay, GK; Hall, PD; Odontiadis, J; Owen, H; Plummer, JL; Tallents, S | 1 |
| Galligan, JJ | 1 |
| Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ | 1 |
| Paul, D; Tran, JG | 1 |
| Griffin, G; Pertwee, RG | 1 |
| Brinkmann, A; Georgieff, M; Goertz, AW; Hauber, N; Junge, J; Rockemann, MG; Seeling, W | 1 |
| Gabilondo, AM; García-Sevilla, JA | 1 |
| Anzai, Y; Nishikawa, T | 1 |
| Bunting, H; Fee, JP; Grace, D; Milligan, KR | 1 |
| Sanger, GJ; Wardle, KA | 1 |
| Luo, L; Puke, CMJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z | 1 |
| Fee, JP; Grace, D; Milligan, KR; Morrow, BJ | 1 |
| Dehpour, AR; Delfan, A; Mortazavi, SR; Mousavizadeh, K | 1 |
| Roerig, SC | 2 |
| Henderson, CJ; Liu, Z; Rane, A; Wolf, CR | 1 |
| Frewin, DB; Jonsson, JR; Roberts-Thomson, IC | 1 |
| Cousins, MJ; Gray, M; Rutkowski, S; Siddall, PJ | 1 |
| Dills, CV; Kim, DL; Leiphart, JW; Levy, RM; Zikel, OM | 1 |
| Fujimoto, JM; Rady, JJ | 1 |
| Gleim, M; Mignat, C; Wulf, H | 1 |
| Naguib, M; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Barturen, F; García-Sevilla, JA; García-Vallejo, P | 1 |
| Bonnet, F; Vésinet, C | 1 |
| Bardin, M; Chantelauze, C; Courteix, C; Eschalier, A; Lavarenne, J | 1 |
| Puke, MJ; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z | 1 |
| Malmberg, AB; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Chapman, IM; Willoughby, JO | 1 |
| Lee, JJ; Rubin, AP | 1 |
| Birch, PJ; Elliott, PJ; Harrison, SM; Smith, GD; Wiseman, J | 1 |
| De Kock, M; Lavandhomme, P; Scholtes, JL | 1 |
| Benhamou, D; Hamza, J; Marx, M; Narchi, P; Peyrol, MT; Sembeil, F | 1 |
| Gurtu, S; Mukerjee, D; Shukla, S | 1 |
| Kosten, TA | 1 |
| Harris, RL; McCabe, J; Sacchetti, A; Torres, M | 1 |
| Carabine, UA; Fogarty, DJ; Milligan, KR | 1 |
| Dawes, P; Rochford, J | 1 |
| Krasavin, VA; Petin, GI; Serebrianskiĭ, IuB; Strelets, BM | 1 |
| David, C; Davis, N; Mason, R; Wilson, VG | 1 |
| Aston-Jones, G; Shiekhattar, R | 1 |
| Maeda, S; Matsumoto, K; Ohnishi, T; Saito, K; Sakuda, M; Shinno, E; Suematsu, M | 1 |
| Dhawan, BN; Kumar, A; Raghubir, R | 1 |
| Amico, MC; Morrone, LA; Romanelli, L; Valeri, P | 1 |
| Ault, B; Hildebrand, LM | 1 |
| Hökfelt, T; Iadarola, MJ; Ji, RR; Luo, L; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Zhang, Q | 1 |
| Dickenson, AH | 1 |
| Andell, S; Bartfai, T; Hao, JX; Wiesenfeld-Hallin, Z; Xu, XJ | 1 |
| Sudakov, SK; Tiurina, IV | 1 |
| Dalpane, A; Lolli, E; Ricci, V | 1 |
| Okamura, T; Toda, N; Uchiyama, M | 1 |
| Goyagi, T; Nishikawa, T | 1 |
| Nishikawa, T | 1 |
| Bonnet, F; Gentili, M | 1 |
| Casey, W; Doherty, P; Lyons, B; McHugh, M; Moore, KP | 1 |
| Nader, K; van der Kooy, D | 1 |
| Bernard, JM; Lagarde, D; Surbled, M; Trennec, A | 1 |
| Kimes, AS; London, ED; Vaupel, DB | 1 |
| Lemos, D; Muller, A | 1 |
| Ibuki, T; Jhamandas, KH; Marsala, M; Yaksh, TL | 1 |
| Karim, F; Roerig, SC; Wei, ZY | 1 |
| Nozaki-Taguchi, N; Yamamoto, T | 1 |
| Beattie, S; Bhola, D; Chu, C; Forrest, J; Kolesar, R; Park, J | 1 |
| Chieng, B; Christie, MD | 1 |
| Bhattacharya, A; Shankar, N; Sharma, KN; Varshney, A | 1 |
| Howse, KM; Roerig, SC | 1 |
| Pol, O; Puig, MM; Warner, W | 2 |
| Bian, D; Lopez, Y; Nichols, ML; Ossipov, MH; Porreca, F | 1 |
| Fibuch, EE; McQuillan, R; Millington, WR; Owen, MD | 1 |
| Asai, T; McBeth, C; Power, I; Stewart, JI; Vaughan, RS; Williams, J | 1 |
| Horie, S; Watanabe, K; Yamamoto, LT; Yano, S | 1 |
| Fleming, WW; Kong, JQ; Malanga, CJ; Meng, J; Taylor, DA | 1 |
| Brugger, F; Chambers, JP; Evans, RH; Faber, ES | 1 |
| Asai, T; Mapleson, WW; Power, I | 1 |
| Asano, T; Dohi, S; Niwa, M; Nozaki, M; Ohta, S; Takeda, T | 1 |
| Ikizler, Y; Koren, G; Selby, P; Theis, JG | 1 |
| Ingram, S; McCleskey, EW; Wilding, TJ; Williams, JT | 1 |
| El-Kadi, AO; Sharif, SI | 1 |
| Duschek, S; Georgieff, M; Reinelt, H; Rockemann, MG; Seeling, W; Steffen, P | 1 |
| Asai, T; Mapleson, WW | 1 |
| Czuczwar, SJ; Dzieciuch, JA; Kleinrok, Z; Przesmycki, K | 1 |
| Raffa, RB; Stone, DJ; Tallarida, RJ | 1 |
| Bonnet, F; Gentili, M; Henel, D; Houssel, P; Juhel, A; Osman, M | 1 |
| Bartoloni, A; Barzoi, G; Finco, G; Gottin, L; Pinaroli, AM; Polati, E; Rigo, V | 1 |
| Pinelli, A; Trivulzio, S | 1 |
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27 review(s) available for clonidine and morphine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk | 2016 |
Afferent effects on locus coeruleus in opiate withdrawal.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Kynurenic Acid; Locus Coeruleus; Morphine; N-Methylaspartate; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Second Messenger Systems; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1991 |
Common alpha 2- and opiate effector mechanisms in the locus coeruleus: intracellular studies in brain slices.
Topics: 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclic AMP; GTP-Binding Proteins; Ion Channels; Locus Coeruleus; Membrane Potentials; Morphine; Neurons; Pertussis Toxin; Potassium; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1987 |
The endogenous opioid system in neurological disorders of the basal ganglia.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Basal Ganglia Diseases; Clonidine; Endorphins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hand; Humans; Huntington Disease; Morphine; Motor Activity; Movement Disorders; Muscle Cramp; Norepinephrine; Parkinson Disease; Receptors, Opioid; Restless Legs Syndrome; Serotonin; Tourette Syndrome | 1985 |
Clonidine treatment of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. A review of clinical trials of a theory.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dextropropoxyphene; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Methadone; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotics; Norepinephrine; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1986 |
Sites and mechanisms of dependence in the myenteric plexus of guinea pig ileum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclic AMP; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Morphine Derivatives; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Pertussis Vaccine; Scopolamine; Substance P; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Theophylline; Yohimbine | 1984 |
[Treatment of opiate withdrawal syndromes (historical review)].
Topics: Antipsychotic Agents; Clonidine; Drug Evaluation; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Humans; Methadone; Methadyl Acetate; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Phenothiazines; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1984 |
Neurophysiology of opioid poorly responsive pain.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Dextromethorphan; Dextrorphan; Dynorphins; Humans; Morphine; N-Methylaspartate; Neoplasms; Neurophysiology; Neuroprotective Agents; Pain; Rats; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Opioid; Sympatholytics | 1994 |
[Continuous spinal analgesia in home care of oncologic pain].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Home Infusion Therapy; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care | 1995 |
[Analgesia after surgery of the spine in adults and adolescents].
Topics: Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Age Factors; Analgesia; Analgesics; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Spinal Diseases | 1995 |
Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors. Preclinical studies of potential use for treatment of opioid withdrawal.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Arginine; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Enzyme Inhibitors; Heart Rate; Indazoles; Morphine; Narcotics; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester; Nitric Oxide; Nitric Oxide Synthase; Nitroarginine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Ornithine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1995 |
Current management of the neonatal abstinence syndrome: a critical analysis of the evidence.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Antipsychotic Agents; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Diazepam; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; MEDLINE; Methadone; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Opium; Parasympatholytics; Phenobarbital; Sympatholytics | 1997 |
[Treatment of postoperative pain by balanced spinal analgesia].
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Cats; Cholinergic Agents; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Macaca; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Swine | 1995 |
[Inhalation induction with sevoflurane in paediatrics: what is new?].
Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthetics, Inhalation; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Electroencephalography; Humans; Infant; Intubation, Intratracheal; Lidocaine; Methyl Ethers; Morphine; Nitrous Oxide; Prospective Studies; Psychomotor Agitation; Seizures; Sevoflurane; Time Factors | 2006 |
[Chronic intrathecal drug administration for the control of intractable pain].
Topics: Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Baclofen; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; GABA Agonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Neoplasms; Neuralgia; omega-Conotoxins; Pain, Intractable | 2008 |
Ziconotide combination intrathecal therapy: rationale and evidence.
Topics: Analgesics; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; omega-Conotoxins; Pain; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
[Some adjuvants added to local anesthetics improve the duration and quality of epidural anesthesia].
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Amines; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dexmedetomidine; Droperidol; Drug Compounding; Epinephrine; Fentanyl; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Ketamine; Magnesium Sulfate; Midazolam; Morphine; Neostigmine | 2010 |
Intrathecal granuloma formation as result of opioid delivery: systematic literature review of case reports and analysis against a control group.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Bupivacaine; Catheters; Catheters, Indwelling; Clonidine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Risk; Spinal Cord Diseases | 2012 |
Effect of perioperative systemic α2 agonists on postoperative morphine consumption and pain intensity: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Hypotension; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2012 |
Efficacy of adding clonidine to intrathecal morphine in acute postoperative pain: meta-analysis.
Topics: Acute Pain; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Endpoint Determination; Fentanyl; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2013 |
Pharmacotherapy for Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Choosing the Right Opioid or No Opioid at All.
Topics: Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Phenobarbital | 2016 |
Analgesia in the surgical intensive care unit.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Critical Care; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dexmedetomidine; Fentanyl; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Hydromorphone; Intensive Care Units; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Morphine; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Physical Therapy Modalities | 2017 |
Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome: Advances in Diagnosis and Treatment.
Topics: Acupuncture Therapy; Analgesics; Breast Feeding; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Morphine; Mothers; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Rooming-in Care | 2018 |
Pharmacology of Common Analgesic and Sedative Drugs Used in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Dexmedetomidine; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Midazolam; Morphine; Pain; Pain Management; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Precision Medicine; Remifentanil | 2019 |
Strategies of analgesic treatment after cesarean delivery. Current state and new alternatives.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Chronic Pain; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Morphine; Neostigmine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy | 2020 |
Opioid treatment for opioid withdrawal in newborn infants.
Topics: Buprenorphine; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; Methadone; Morphine; Narcotics; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Opioid-Related Disorders; Opium; Phenobarbital; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic | 2021 |
The Efficacy and Safety of Periarticular Injection in Total Joint Arthroplasty: A Direct Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Ketorolac; Morphine; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Ropivacaine | 2022 |
93 trial(s) available for clonidine and morphine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Ventilatory effects of epidural clonidine during the first 3 hours after caesarean section.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Apnea; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hypoxia; Injections, Subcutaneous; Morphine; Oxygen; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy; Respiration; Tidal Volume; Time Factors | 1992 |
Epidural clonidine enhances postoperative analgesia from a combined low-dose epidural bupivacaine and morphine regimen.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative | 1992 |
Extradural clonidine and bupivacaine for postoperative analgesia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Hemodynamics; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1992 |
Extradural clonidine infusions for analgesia after total hip replacement.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Rate; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative | 1992 |
Intraoperative clonidine enhances postoperative morphine patient-controlled analgesia.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative Care; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Patient Satisfaction; Prospective Studies; Sex Factors | 1992 |
Extradural clonidine does not potentiate analgesia produced by extradural morphine after meniscectomy.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Male; Menisci, Tibial; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Random Allocation | 1991 |
Respiratory effects of clonidine alone and combined with morphine, in humans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Oxygen; Respiration | 1991 |
Clinical efficacy of oral-transdermal clonidine combinations during the perioperative period.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Alfentanil; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Surgical Procedures, Operative | 1991 |
Epidural clonidine analgesia after cesarean section.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Blood Pressure; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Morphine; Pregnancy; Respiration | 1990 |
Addition of clonidine enhances postoperative analgesia from epidural morphine: a double-blind study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1990 |
Clonidine in morphine withdrawal. Differential effects on signs and symptoms.
Topics: Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heroin Dependence; Hospitalization; Humans; Hydromorphone; Male; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Placebos; Research Design; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1985 |
Comparison of the effects of extradural clonidine with those of morphine on postoperative pain, stress responses, cardiopulmonary function and motor and sensory block.
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Carbon Dioxide; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Heart Rate; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Sensation | 1989 |
Role of spinal noradrenergic system in transmission of pain in patients with spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain; Spinal Cord Injuries; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Transmission | 1986 |
A double-blind comparison between epidural morphine and epidural clonidine in patients with chronic non-cancer pain.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain | 1988 |
Clonidine treatment of the opiate withdrawal syndrome. A review of clinical trials of a theory.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Brain; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clonidine; Dextropropoxyphene; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Methadone; Morphine; Naltrexone; Narcotics; Norepinephrine; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1986 |
Epidural clonidine analgesia for intractable cancer pain. The Epidural Clonidine Study Group.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Neuralgia; Pain, Intractable; Placebos | 1995 |
[Hemodynamic effect of intrathecal clonidine].
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Ephedrine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypotension; Middle Aged; Morphine | 1995 |
Analgesic and hemodynamic effects of epidural clonidine, clonidine/morphine, and morphine after pancreatic surgery--a double-blind study.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Pancreatectomy; Prospective Studies | 1995 |
Thoracic epidural clonidine and morphine for postoperative pain relief.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Female; Gastrectomy; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Oxygen; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Respiration | 1995 |
Postoperative analgesia after co-administration of clonidine and morphine by the intrathecal route in patients undergoing hip replacement.
Topics: Aged; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Female; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Care | 1995 |
Co-administration of pethidine and clonidine: a spinal anaesthetic technique for total hip replacement.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Spinal; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Male; Meperidine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1994 |
Sympathetic suppression attenuates anomalous responses to morphine in unexplained pain after cholecystectomy.
Topics: Adult; Cholecystectomy; Clonidine; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1994 |
Comparison of a bupivacaine-clonidine mixture with plain bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia, Epidural; Bupivacaine; Cauda Equina; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant; Leg; Morphine; Orthopedics; Pain, Postoperative; Respiration; Time Factors | 1994 |
Intraoperative and postoperative analgesia using intravenous opioid, clonidine and lignocaine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Clonidine; Colectomy; Double-Blind Method; Fentanyl; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative Care; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Care; Time Factors | 1994 |
Addition of oral clonidine to postoperative patient-controlled analgesia with i.v. morphine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Heart Rate; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1994 |
Comparison of the analgesic effects of intrathecal clonidine and intrathecal morphine after spinal anaesthesia in patients undergoing total hip replacement.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1993 |
Oral clonidine premedication enhances the quality of postoperative analgesia by intrathecal morphine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Morphine; Motor Neurons; Nerve Block; Postoperative Care | 1996 |
Spinal clonidine produces less urinary retention than spinal morphine.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Hip Joint; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Urinary Catheterization; Urinary Retention | 1996 |
Oral clonidine reduces postoperative PCA morphine requirements.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies | 1996 |
Postoperative analgesia using a low-dose, oral-transdermal clonidine combination: lack of clinical efficacy.
Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hysterectomy; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1997 |
Effect of clonidine on gastric emptying of liquids.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Conscious Sedation; Double-Blind Method; Gastric Emptying; Humans; Middle Aged; Morphine; Sympatholytics | 1997 |
Epidural bolus clonidine/morphine versus epidural patient-controlled bupivacaine/sufentanil: quality of postoperative analgesia and cost-identification analysis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Health Care Costs; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Sufentanil | 1997 |
Intra-articular morphine and clonidine produce comparable analgesia but the combination is not more effective.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Arthroscopy; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Sympatholytics | 1997 |
The influence of premedication on heart rate variability.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antihypertensive Agents; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Electrocardiography; Heart Rate; Humans; Midazolam; Morphine; Premedication; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted; Sympatholytics | 1998 |
A comparison of clonidine with conventional preanesthetic medication in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Clonidine; Coronary Artery Bypass; Double-Blind Method; Electroencephalography; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Lorazepam; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Preanesthetic Medication; Sufentanil; Sympatholytics | 1998 |
[The effects of a dose of epidural clonidine combined with intrathecal morphine for postoperative analgesia].
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies | 1998 |
Comparison of clonidine, morphine or placebo mixed with bupivacaine during continuous spinal anaesthesia.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Anesthesia, Spinal; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Hemodynamics; Humans; Morphine | 1998 |
The effectiveness of clonidine as an analgesic in paediatric adenotonsillectomy.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Adenoidectomy; Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Child; Clonidine; Codeine; Consciousness; Deglutition; Double-Blind Method; Female; Fentanyl; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Injections, Intravenous; Intraoperative Care; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Premedication; Tonsillectomy | 1998 |
Comparison of clonidine 1 microgram kg-1 with morphine 30 micrograms kg-1 for post-operative caudal analgesia in children.
Topics: Abdomen; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Hemodynamics; Humans; Infant; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Respiration | 1999 |
Oral clonidine premedication enhances postoperative analgesia by epidural morphine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain, Postoperative; Premedication; Prospective Studies | 1999 |
Effect of epidural and intravenous clonidine on the neuro-endocrine and immune stress response in patients undergoing lung surgery.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Intravenous; beta-Endorphin; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Immunity, Cellular; Injections, Epidural; Injections, Intravenous; Leukocyte Count; Lung; Lymphocyte Count; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neurosecretory Systems; Neutrophils; Norepinephrine; Propofol; Stress, Physiological; Sympatholytics; Vasopressins | 2000 |
Postoperative analgesia for outpatient arthroscopic knee surgery with intraarticular clonidine and/or morphine.
Topics: Adult; Ambulatory Surgical Procedures; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Local; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroscopy; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Knee Joint; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 2000 |
Intra-articular clonidine analgesia after knee arthroscopy.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Arthroscopy; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Knee; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative | 2000 |
Premedication with low dose oral clonidine does not enhance postoperative analgesia of intrathecal morphine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Analgesics; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Prostatectomy | 2000 |
The efficacy of intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the treatment of pain after spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain; Spinal Cord Injuries; Sympatholytics | 2000 |
Oral premedication for operations on the face under local anesthesia: a placebo-controlled double-blind trial.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Local; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Face; Female; Humans; Male; Midazolam; Middle Aged; Morphine; Patient Acceptance of Health Care; Premedication; Prospective Studies | 2001 |
Epidural administration of low-dose morphine combined with clonidine for postoperative analgesia after lumbar disc surgery.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Diskectomy; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Pirinitramide; Urinary Catheterization; Urination Disorders | 2002 |
Clonidine for treatment of postoperative pain: a dose-finding study.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Anesthetics, General; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Heart Rate; Humans; Intervertebral Disc Displacement; Laminectomy; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Sleep Stages; Treatment Outcome | 2002 |
Continuous intrathecal clonidine administration for the treatment of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Buprenorphine; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement | 2000 |
Comparison of morphine alone with morphine plus clonidine for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia.
Topics: Abdomen; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 2002 |
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine for coronary artery bypass grafting.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Coronary Artery Bypass; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Time Factors | 2003 |
Intrathecal clonidine added to a bupivacaine-morphine spinal anesthetic improves postoperative analgesia for total knee arthroplasty.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies | 2003 |
Side-effects of postoperative epidural analgesia in children: a randomized study comparing morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Abdomen; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Time Factors | 2003 |
Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with caudal or intravenous clonidine in children undergoing hypospadias repair: a double-blind study.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Hypospadias; Injections, Epidural; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative | 2004 |
Postcesarean analgesia with spinal morphine, clonidine, or their combination.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Injections; Intraoperative Period; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Patient Satisfaction; Pregnancy; Subarachnoid Space; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
[Clinical course of acute myocardial infarction and left ventricular function in long-term epidural analgesia].
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Myocardial Infarction; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Ventricular Dysfunction, Left | 2004 |
The effect of epidural clonidine on perioperative cytokine response, postoperative pain, and bowel function in patients undergoing colorectal surgery.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, General; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Colon; Cytokines; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Rectum | 2004 |
Small-dose intrathecal clonidine and isobaric bupivacaine for orthopedic surgery: a dose-response study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ephedrine; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Morphine; Orthopedic Procedures; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Vasoconstrictor Agents | 2004 |
[Effect of long-term epidural analgesia and nitroglycerin infusion on formation of necrosis zone and clinical course of myocardial infarction].
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Case-Control Studies; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Electrocardiography; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intra-Arterial; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Myocardial Infarction; Necrosis; Nitroglycerin; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome; Vasodilator Agents | 2004 |
Fast-track coronary artery bypass grafting surgery under general anesthesia with remifentanil and spinal analgesia with morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Aged; Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Spinal; Clonidine; Coronary Artery Bypass; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Piperidines; Prospective Studies; Remifentanil | 2005 |
Improved analgesia with clonidine when added to local anesthetic during combined spinal-epidural anesthesia for hip arthroplasty: a double-blind, randomized and placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Electric Stimulation; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Monitoring, Intraoperative; Morphine; Motor Neurons; Nerve Block; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 2005 |
Intraarticular analgesia after arthroscopic knee surgery: comparison of neostigmine, clonidine, tenoxicam, morphine and bupivacaine.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neostigmine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Piroxicam; Sensory System Agents | 2005 |
Single dose oral clonidine premedication does not enhance postoperative, single low dose epidural morphine analgesia in hysterectomy patients.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Injections, Epidural; Middle Aged; Morphine; Premedication; Prospective Studies | 2005 |
The short-lasting analgesia and long-term antihyperalgesic effect of intrathecal clonidine in patients undergoing colonic surgery.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesia; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Awareness; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Colon; Colonic Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Preanesthetic Medication | 2005 |
Clonidine increases duration of bupivacaine caudal analgesia for ureteroneocystostomy: a double-blind prospective trial.
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Cystostomy; Double-Blind Method; Drug Synergism; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant; Infusions, Intravenous; Ketorolac; Male; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Sympatholytics; Vesico-Ureteral Reflux | 2005 |
Intraarticular bupivacaine-clonidine-morphine versus femoral-sciatic nerve block in pediatric patients undergoing anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Bupivacaine; Child; Clonidine; Female; Femoral Nerve; Humans; Injections, Intra-Articular; Male; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Sciatic Nerve | 2005 |
Pain relief and functional status after vaginal hysterectomy: intrathecal versus general anesthesia.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Health Status; Humans; Hysterectomy, Vaginal; Length of Stay; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Complications; Subarachnoid Space | 2006 |
The effect of addition of intrathecal clonidine to hyperbaric bupivacaine on postoperative pain and morphine requirements after Caesarean section: a randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome | 2006 |
Fentanyl and clonidine as adjunctive analgesics with levobupivacaine in paravertebral analgesia for breast surgery.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Breast Neoplasms; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Levobupivacaine; Mastectomy; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 2006 |
[Femoral nerve block for postoperative analgesia after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction: comparison of 2 concentrations of bupivacaine with clonidine in 3 modes of administration].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Anesthetics, Local; Anterior Cruciate Ligament; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Femoral Nerve; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Ketoprofen; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nerve Block; Orthopedic Procedures; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Patient Satisfaction; Plastic Surgery Procedures; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting | 2006 |
Bilateral ilioinguinal nerve block decreases morphine consumption in female patients undergoing nonlaparoscopic gynecologic surgery.
Topics: Adult; Amides; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Local; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Gynecologic Surgical Procedures; Humans; Hysterectomy; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies; Ropivacaine | 2007 |
Management of labor pain with single dose spinal analgesia: Indonesian perspective.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Labor Pain; Morphine; Patient Satisfaction; Pregnancy | 2007 |
A comparison of single-dose caudal clonidine, morphine, or hydromorphone combined with ropivacaine in pediatric patients undergoing ureteral reimplantation.
Topics: Amides; Analgesia, Epidural; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hydromorphone; Infant; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Replantation; Ropivacaine; Ureter | 2007 |
A modified fascia iliaca compartment block has significant morphine-sparing effect after total hip arthroplasty.
Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Fascia; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Subarachnoid Space | 2007 |
[Peridural application of ropivacaine and clonidine for pain therapy after prostatectomy].
Topics: Amides; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Antiemetics; Clonidine; Histamine Antagonists; Humans; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Prostatectomy; Ropivacaine | 2008 |
Preoperative anxiolytic effect of melatonin and clonidine on postoperative pain and morphine consumption in patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Anxiety; Central Nervous System Depressants; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hysterectomy; Melatonin; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pain, Postoperative; Placebos; Preoperative Care; Treatment Outcome; Young Adult | 2009 |
The analgesic effect of epidural clonidine after spinal surgery: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Pilot Projects; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Preanesthetic Medication; Spine; Urinary Retention | 2009 |
Adjuvant therapy with intrathecal clonidine improves postoperative pain in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant; Clonidine; Coronary Artery Bypass; Female; Hemodynamics; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Reaction Time; Respiration | 2009 |
The efficacy of intrathecal morphine with or without clonidine for postoperative analgesia after radical prostatectomy.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Prostatectomy | 2009 |
Randomized controlled trial comparing morphine or clonidine with bupivacaine for caudal analgesia in children undergoing upper abdominal surgery.
Topics: Abdomen; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Caudal; Bupivacaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Period | 2011 |
[Clonidine for remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia: a double-blind randomized, placebo-controlled study of clonidine under intra-operative use of remifentanil in elective surgery of the shoulder].
Topics: Adult; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Arthroscopy; Austria; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Hyperalgesia; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Piperidines; Preanesthetic Medication; Remifentanil; Shoulder; Shoulder Injuries; Shoulder Pain | 2011 |
Caudal bupivacaine supplemented with morphine or clonidine, or supplemented with morphine plus clonidine in children undergoing infra-umbilical urological and genital procedures: a prospective, randomized and double-blind study.
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Caudal; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Epinephrine; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Prospective Studies | 2012 |
Does epidural clonidine improve postoperative analgesia in major vascular surgery?
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Aorta; Blood Pressure; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Single-Blind Method | 2012 |
Spinal anesthesia for elective ceasarean section: use of different doses of hyperbaric bupivacaine associated with morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Adjuvants, Anesthesia; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Combined; Anesthetics, Local; Anthropometry; Bupivacaine; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Elective Surgical Procedures; Epidemiologic Methods; Female; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy; Time Factors; Young Adult | 2013 |
Postoperative analgesic effect of intravenous (i.v.) clonidine compared with clonidine administration in wound infiltration for open cholecystectomy.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Bupivacaine; Cholecystectomy; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infusions, Intralesional; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Care; Young Adult | 2013 |
Combination of oral clonidine and intravenous low-dose ketamine reduces the consumption of postoperative patient-controlled analgesia morphine after spine surgery.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Aged; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Spine; Visual Analog Scale | 2013 |
Efficacy of clonidine versus phenobarbital in reducing neonatal morphine sulfate therapy days for neonatal abstinence syndrome. A prospective randomized clinical trial.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies | 2013 |
Morphine versus clonidine for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Analgesics; Arousal; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pilot Projects; Psychomotor Agitation | 2015 |
Randomized study of postcesarean analgesia with intrathecal morphine alone or combined with clonidine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Complications; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Pruritus | 2016 |
Preliminary evidence of different and clinically meaningful opioid withdrawal phenotypes.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Clonidine; Cluster Analysis; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Opiate Substitution Treatment; Opioid-Related Disorders; Phenotype; Severity of Illness Index; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tramadol; Treatment Outcome | 2020 |
Effect of intrathecal morphine and epidural analgesia on postoperative recovery after abdominal surgery for gynecologic malignancy: an open-label randomised trial.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Clonidine; Enhanced Recovery After Surgery; Female; Genital Neoplasms, Female; Humans; Laparotomy; Length of Stay; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Period | 2019 |
The impact of a transversus abdominis plane block including clonidine vs. intrathecal morphine on nausea and vomiting after caesarean section: A randomised controlled trial.
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Adult; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthesia, Spinal; Anesthetics, Local; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Patient Satisfaction; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Ropivacaine; Treatment Outcome | 2019 |
Effects of adding a combined femoral and sciatic nerve block with levobupivacaine and clonidine to general anaesthesia in femoropopliteal bypass surgery: A randomised, double-blind, controlled trial.
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Levobupivacaine; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Sciatic Nerve | 2020 |
476 other study(ies) available for clonidine and morphine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Predicting blood-brain barrier permeation from three-dimensional molecular structure.
Topics: Blood-Brain Barrier; Databases, Factual; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Multivariate Analysis; Permeability; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2000 |
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2000 |
Prediction of volume of distribution values in humans for neutral and basic drugs using physicochemical measurements and plasma protein binding data.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding | 2002 |
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
Topics: Algorithms; Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding; Statistics as Topic; Tissue Distribution | 2004 |
Live cell monitoring of mu-opioid receptor-mediated G-protein activation reveals strong biological activity of close morphine biosynthetic precursors.
Topics: Cells, Cultured; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate); Humans; Morphine; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2007 |
Transdermal penetration behaviour of drugs: CART-clustering, QSPR and selection of model compounds.
Topics: Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Cell Membrane Permeability; Cluster Analysis; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Models, Biological; Predictive Value of Tests; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Regression Analysis; Skin; Skin Absorption | 2007 |
Hologram QSAR model for the prediction of human oral bioavailability.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Holography; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2007 |
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Infusions, Intravenous; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding | 2008 |
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
Topics: Cell Line; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Liver; Molecular Weight; Organic Cation Transporter 1; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2008 |
Physicochemical determinants of human renal clearance.
Topics: Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kidney; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Molecular Weight | 2009 |
Prediction of volume of distribution values in human using immobilized artificial membrane partitioning coefficients, the fraction of compound ionized and plasma protein binding data.
Topics: Blood Proteins; Chemistry, Physical; Computer Simulation; Humans; Membranes, Artificial; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Binding; Tissue Distribution | 2009 |
Cheminformatics analysis of assertions mined from literature that describe drug-induced liver injury in different species.
Topics: Animals; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cluster Analysis; Databases, Factual; Humans; MEDLINE; Mice; Models, Chemical; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Humans; Models, Chemical; Neural Networks, Computer; Permeability; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Technology, Pharmaceutical | 2010 |
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Molecular Structure; Neural Networks, Computer; Parasitic Diseases; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Species Specificity; Thermodynamics | 2010 |
Measurement of unbound drug exposure in brain: modeling of pH partitioning explains diverging results between the brain slice and brain homogenate methods.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Chemical Phenomena; Dialysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Lysosomes; Male; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reproducibility of Results; Tissue Distribution | 2011 |
QSAR-based permeability model for drug-like compounds.
Topics: Caco-2 Cells; Cell Membrane Permeability; Drug Discovery; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship | 2011 |
Suppression by GABAergic drugs of the locomotor stimulation induced by morphine, amphetamine, and apomorphine: evidence for both pre- and post-synaptic inhibition of catecholamine systems.
Topics: 4-Butyrolactone; Aminobutyrates; Aminooxyacetic Acid; Animals; Apomorphine; Brain; Clonidine; Corpus Striatum; Dextroamphetamine; Diencephalon; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Limbic System; Methyltyrosines; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Reserpine; Tryptophan Hydroxylase; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1977 |
The inhibitory effects of presynaptic alpha-adrenoceptor agonists on contractions of guinea-pig ileum and mouse vas deferens in the morphine-dependent and withdrawn states produced in vitro.
Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Implants; Drug Interactions; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Oxymetazoline; Synapses; Vas Deferens | 1979 |
Reversible depression of electrically-induced contractions of guinea pig longitudinal muscle by a reversible inhibitor of prostaglandin synthetase.
Topics: Amidines; Animals; Chlorphenamidine; Clonidine; Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors; Guinea Pigs; Indomethacin; Lidocaine; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Prostaglandins E; Tolazoline | 1979 |
Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurones to morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Neurons; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1978 |
Effects of gamma-aminobutyric acid and histamine on prolactin secretion in the rat.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Bicuculline; Cells, Cultured; Clonidine; Diphenhydramine; Dopamine; Drug Interactions; Estrogens; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Haloperidol; Histamine; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Phenoxybenzamine; Pituitary Gland; Progesterone; Prolactin; Rats; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1977 |
The dissociation of the antinociceptive effect of clonidine from supraspinal structures.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Mice; Morphine; Reaction Time; Spinal Cord; Time Factors | 1979 |
Effect of prostaglandin E1 and indomethacin on responses of longitudinal muscle of guinea-pig ileum to cholecystokinin.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cecum; Cholecystokinin; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Indomethacin; Male; Membrane Potentials; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Prostaglandins E; Tetrodotoxin | 1979 |
Antinociceptive activity of clonidine and its potentiation of morphine analgesia.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Reaction Time | 1979 |
A comparison of clonidine with morphine for antinociceptive and antiwithdrawal actions.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Pressure; Quinones; Rats; Reaction Time; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1978 |
Effects of inhibitors of catecholamine synthesis and catecholamine agonists on morphine- and hypoglycaemia-induced release of growth hormone in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Growth Hormone; Insulin; Methyltyrosines; Morphine; Rats; Secretory Rate | 1978 |
Antagonism of morphine-induced central stimulation in mice by small doses of catecholamine-receptor agonists.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Brain; Clonidine; Dopamine; Levodopa; Male; Methyltyrosines; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Norepinephrine; Parasympathomimetics | 1978 |
Development of tolerance to the analgesic effect of clonidine in rats. Cross-tolerance to morphine.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Rats; Time Factors; Vocalization, Animal | 1978 |
Evidence for involvement of central noradrenergic neurons in the cardiovascular depression induced by morphine in the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Cardiovascular System; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Protriptyline; Rats; Reflex; Yohimbine | 1976 |
Enhancement of morphine-withdrawal and apomorphine-induced aggression by clonidine.
Topics: Aggression; Animals; Apomorphine; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Morphine; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Vocalization, Animal | 1976 |
[Influence of the administration of psychopharmacological compounds on the take up time of an alimentary material in the hamster and a study of the associated behaviour (author's transl)].
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Behavior, Animal; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Cricetinae; Dextroamphetamine; Diazepam; Feeding Behavior; Fenfluramine; Humans; Imipramine; Male; Meprobamate; Mesocricetus; Morphine; Motor Activity; Phenobarbital; Piribedil; Psychotropic Drugs; Stereotyped Behavior; Sulpiride; Time Factors | 1975 |
Clonidine inhibition of norepinephrine release from normal and morphine-tolerant guinea pig cortical slices.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; Idazoxan; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Reference Values | 1992 |
Effects of opioid and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists on the isolated ileum of morphine-dependent guinea-pigs during withdrawal and after clonidine treatment.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Narcotics; Neuromuscular Junction; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 1992 |
Chronic infusion of clonidine does not alleviate spontaneous morphine withdrawal symptoms in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brimonidine Tartrate; Clonidine; Doxazosin; Drug Implants; Eating; Food; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Prazosin; Quinoxalines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1992 |
Spinal interactions between opioid and noradrenergic agonists in mice: multiplicativity involves delta and alpha-2 receptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Substance P | 1992 |
Effect of naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal on noradrenaline release in rat hippocampus in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clonidine; Dialysis; Electrochemistry; Hippocampus; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 1992 |
Developmental changes in morphine and clonidine sensitivity of isolated chick oesophagus.
Topics: Animals; Chickens; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; Esophagus; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Development; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone | 1992 |
Intracerebroventricular injection of antibodies directed against Gs alpha enhances the supraspinal antinociception induced by morphine, beta-endorphin and clonidine in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies; beta-Endorphin; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Rabbits; Spinal Cord | 1992 |
Antinociceptive and motor effects of intrathecal morphine combined with intrathecal clonidine, noradrenaline, carbachol or midazolam in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Male; Midazolam; Morphine; Motor Activity; Nociceptors; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1992 |
alpha N-acetyl human beta-endorphin-(1-31) alleviates the morphine withdrawal syndrome in rodents: a comparative study with clonidine.
Topics: Animals; beta-Endorphin; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 1992 |
Morphine withdrawal in the hamster.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Cricetinae; Morphine; Naloxone; Nifedipine; Stereotyped Behavior; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Verapamil | 1992 |
Morphine suppresses the ovarian steroid hormone-dependent lordosis response of female guinea pigs: reversal by naloxone but not clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Brain; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Female; Guinea Pigs; Morphine; Naloxone; Neural Inhibition; Norepinephrine; Progesterone; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Sexual Behavior, Animal | 1991 |
Alpha-2 adrenoreceptor-mediated decrease in gamma-aminobutyric acid outflow in cortical slices and synaptosomes during morphine tolerance.
Topics: Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; GTP-Binding Proteins; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Synaptosomes | 1991 |
[Pharmacological regulation of opioidergic antinociceptive mechanisms].
Topics: Animals; Blood-Brain Barrier; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Endorphins; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Opioid; Ritanserin | 1991 |
Separate neural mechanisms mediate sufentanil-induced pupillary responses in the cat.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Fentanyl; Male; Morphine; Mydriasis; Naltrexone; Pupil; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sufentanil | 1991 |
Nonspecific tolerance in ileal circular muscle-myenteric plexus preparations from morphine-pretreated guinea pigs.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Female; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Myenteric Plexus; Receptors, Opioid | 1991 |
Spinal opioid analgesic effects are enhanced in a model of unilateral inflammation/hyperalgesia: possible involvement of noradrenergic mechanisms.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Carrageenan; Clonidine; Enkephalins; Hyperalgesia; Inflammation; Male; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
Relative efficacy of spinal alpha-2 agonists, dexmedetomidine, clonidine and ST-91, determined in vivo by using N-ethoxycarbonyl-2-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroquinoline, an irreversible antagonist.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Male; Medetomidine; Morphine; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Spinal Cord | 1991 |
Reevaluation of the role of alpha 2-adrenoreceptors in morphine-stimulated release of growth hormone.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Berberine; Clonidine; Growth Hormone; Male; Morphine; Orchiectomy; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Testosterone; Yohimbine | 1991 |
Studies to determine whether there is tolerance or cross-tolerance to the antisecretory effect of morphine and clonidine in the rat intestine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dinoprostone; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Intestine, Small; Morphine; Rats | 1991 |
Some pharmacological characteristics of the guinea pig ileum opioid system activated by cholecystokinin.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Animals; Atropine; Cholecystokinin; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Nifedipine; Receptors, Opioid; Yohimbine | 1990 |
Reproducible withdrawal contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum after brief morphine exposure: effects of clonidine and nifedipine.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Acetylcholine; Animals; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Nifedipine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 1990 |
Naloxone-induced cardiovascular depression in rats that had received chronic morphine-treatment.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Arteries; Atropine; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Complexes, Premature; Clonidine; Heart; Hemodynamics; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tail; Yohimbine | 1991 |
[Effects of transcranial laser irradiation in near infrared range on antinociceptive reactions in mice after administration of diazepam, clopheline and morphine].
Topics: Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Diazepam; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lasers; Mice; Morphine; Pain Measurement | 1991 |
Microdialysis evidence that acetylcholine in the nucleus accumbens is involved in morphine withdrawal and its treatment with clonidine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Clonidine; Dialysis; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1991 |
Dopamine microdialysis in the nucleus accumbens during acute and chronic morphine, naloxone-precipitated withdrawal and clonidine treatment.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Clonidine; Dialysis; Dopamine; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Nucleus Accumbens; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 1991 |
Cholera toxin and pertussis toxin on opioid- and alpha 2-mediated supraspinal analgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; beta-Endorphin; Cerebral Ventricles; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; GTP-Binding Proteins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Pertussis Toxin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1991 |
Interaction between the inhibitory effects of morphine and clonidine on intestinal transit in mice.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Antagonism; Drug Interactions; Female; Gastrointestinal Transit; Intestines; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naloxone; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 1991 |
Mechanisms mediating the thermal response to morphine withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Female; Morphine; Naloxone; Propranolol; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Skin Temperature; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1990 |
Clonidine, administered intracerebroventricularly in mice, produces an anti-analgesic effect which may be mediated spinally by dynorphin A (1-17).
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dynorphins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naltrexone; Reaction Time | 1990 |
Interaction of intrathecal morphine and ST-91 on antinociception in the rat: dose-response analysis, antagonism and clearance.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Parasympathomimetics; Phentolamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Regression Analysis | 1990 |
Spinal dynorphin A (1-17): possible mediator of antianalgesic action.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Antibodies; Clonidine; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Morphine; Nociceptors; Physostigmine; Pyrrolidines; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
Demonstration of intrathecal and systemic morphine and ST-91 effects on fed canine upper gut motility.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dogs; Drug Interactions; Eating; Gastrointestinal Motility; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Naloxone; Phentolamine; Propranolol | 1990 |
Opioid agonists, prostaglandin E1 and clonidine modulate non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic transmission in the mammalian heart.
Topics: Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Alprostadil; Animals; Atrial Function; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Atria; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Myocardial Contraction; Nerve Fibers | 1990 |
Differential contribution of descending serotonergic and noradrenergic systems to central Tyr-D-Ala2-Gly-NMePhe4-Gly-ol5 (DAMGO) and morphine-induced antinociception in mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methysergide; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Serotonin; Yohimbine | 1991 |
Unusual complications of the treatment of chronic spinal arachnoiditis.
Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Arachnoiditis; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections; Lidocaine; Morphine; Subarachnoid Space | 1990 |
Cecectomized rat. A model of experimental secretory diarrhea in conscious animals.
Topics: Animals; Antidiarrheals; Carbachol; Cecum; Chlorpromazine; Cholera Toxin; Clonidine; Colon; Diarrhea; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Intestinal Secretions; Intestine, Small; Male; Morphine; Prostaglandins E, Synthetic; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1990 |
Context-specific morphine withdrawal in rats: duration and effects of clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Association Learning; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Naltrexone; Rats; Social Environment; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Weight Loss | 1990 |
Spinal antinociceptive synergy between clonidine and morphine, U69593, and DPDPE: isobolographic analysis.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzeneacetamides; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regression Analysis; Spinal Cord | 1990 |
An isobolographic analysis of the antinociceptive effect of systemically and intrathecally administered combinations of clonidine and opiates.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fentanyl; Hot Temperature; Infrared Rays; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Spinal; Male; Meperidine; Morphine; Narcotics; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Morphine preference in individual rats after morphine ingestion.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Learning; Male; Morphine; Quinine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Taste | 1990 |
Effects of clonidine and yohimbine, alone and in combination with morphine, on supraspinal analgesia.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Yohimbine | 1990 |
Participation of different brain regions in the anti-narcotic withdrawal action of clonidine in the dependent rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Brain; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1990 |
Clonidine attenuates increased brain glucose metabolism during naloxone-precipitated morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Clonidine; Deoxy Sugars; Deoxyglucose; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1990 |
Ionic basis of inhibitory presynaptic modulation in rat cortical synaptosomes.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Morphine; Potassium; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rubidium Radioisotopes; Synapses; Synaptosomes; Veratridine | 1990 |
Functional and autoradiographic studies to locate the sites at which clonidine acts to cause hyperglycaemia and inhibition of opiate-induced sympathetic outflow.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Blood Proteins; Cisterna Magna; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Hyperglycemia; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Rabbits; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1990 |
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine, and midazolam on the somato-sympathoadrenal reflex response in halothane-anesthetized cats.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Catecholamines; Cats; Clonidine; Female; Halothane; Hemodynamics; Injections, Spinal; Male; Midazolam; Morphine; Pain; Reflex; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1990 |
Role of adenylate cyclase in presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor- and mu-opioid receptor-mediated inhibition of [3H]noradrenaline release from rat brain cortex slices.
Topics: 1-Methyl-3-isobutylxanthine; 8-Bromo Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Bucladesine; Cadmium; Calcimycin; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Pyrrolidinones; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Rolipram | 1986 |
Substance P-induced long-term blockade of spinal adrenergic analgesia: reversal by morphine and naloxone.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 1987 |
A novel action of morphine in the rat locus coeruleus: persistent decrease in adenylate cyclase.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclases; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Interactions of clonidine and naloxone on schedule-controlled behavior in opioid-naive mice.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Reinforcement Schedule | 1989 |
Clonidine and morphine increase atrial natriuretic peptide secretion in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Atrial Natriuretic Factor; Clonidine; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Potency of infused spinal antinociceptive agents is inversely related to magnitude of tolerance after continuous infusion.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalins; Fentanyl; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Sufentanil | 1989 |
Antinociceptive interactions between alpha 2-adrenergic and opiate agonists at the spinal level in rodents.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Differential effects of morphine and clonidine on visceral and cutaneous spinal nociceptive transmission in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Morphine; Neurons; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Skin Physiological Phenomena; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Viscera | 1989 |
Changes in cortical acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid outflow during morphine withdrawal involve alpha-1 and alpha-2 receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Guinea Pigs; Idazoxan; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Prazosin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1989 |
Intrathecal clonidine suppresses noxiously evoked activity of spinal wide dynamic range neurons in cats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Decerebrate State; Drug Combinations; Female; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Neurons; Pain; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Spinal Cord; Spinothalamic Tracts; Synaptic Transmission; Yohimbine | 1989 |
Prolactin (PRL) release-inhibiting properties of the alpha 2 adrenergic receptor antagonist idazoxan: comparison with yohimbine.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dioxins; Growth Hormone; Idazoxan; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Prazosin; Prolactin; Quipazine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Restraint, Physical; Yohimbine | 1989 |
Alpha 1-adrenoreceptor-mediated increase in acetylcholine release in brain slices during morphine tolerance.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Phenylephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Intracerebroventricular (ICV) clonidine produces an antianalgesic effect through spinal dynorphin A(1-17) mediation.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Nociceptors; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
Cross-tolerance between morphine and clonidine: a study on motility in rats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1989 |
Suppression of small intestinal motility and morphine withdrawal diarrhoea by clonidine: peripheral site of action.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Diarrhea; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestine, Small; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Oxymetazoline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1989 |
Interaction of clonidine and morphine with lidocaine in mice and rats.
Topics: Animals; Blood Gas Analysis; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Hypoxia; Lethal Dose 50; Lidocaine; Male; Mice; Morphine; Rats; Yohimbine | 1989 |
Epidural clonidine analgesia for intractable cancer pain: phase I.
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Female; Heart Rate; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain Measurement; Pain, Intractable | 1989 |
Presynaptic alpha 2 adrenoreceptor function in dependent rats before and after morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1986 |
Modulation of brain alpha 2-adrenoceptor and mu-opioid receptor densities during morphine dependence and spontaneous withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Stem; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Corpus Striatum; Dihydromorphine; Hypothalamus; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1987 |
[Role of opioid and adrenergic mechanisms in the analgesic action of GABA-positive drugs].
Topics: 4-Aminobutyrate Transaminase; Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, GABA-A; Valproic Acid | 1988 |
Lack of involvement of endogenous mu-receptor opioids in the hypothermic effects of clonidine in normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Female; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Morphine; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Inbred SHR; Rats, Inbred WKY; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1988 |
Inversion of the alpha-2 and alpha-1 noradrenergic control of the cortical release of acetylcholine and gamma-aminobutyric acid in morphine-tolerant guinea pigs.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Drug Tolerance; Female; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Guinea Pigs; Idazoxan; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Prazosin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha | 1988 |
Apparent pA2 estimates for an antinociceptive receptor.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Reaction Time; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Yohimbine | 1985 |
Characterization of opioid receptors modulating noradrenaline release in the hippocampus of the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Benzomorphans; Clonidine; Cyclazocine; Dynorphins; Endorphins; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Ethylketocyclazocine; Hippocampus; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Rabbits; Receptors, Opioid | 1986 |
Neurochemical approaches to the prevention of ventricular fibrillation.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Brain Chemistry; Cardiac Glycosides; Clonidine; Disease Susceptibility; Dogs; Humans; Morphine; Myocardial Contraction; Neurotransmitter Agents; Serotonin; Stress, Psychological; Vagotomy; Ventricular Fibrillation | 1986 |
Effects of morphine and clonidine on sulphobromophthalein disposition in mice.
Topics: Animals; Bile; Clonidine; Liver; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Sulfobromophthalein; Yohimbine | 1986 |
Response decrement patterns after neuroleptic and non-neuroleptic drugs.
Topics: Animals; Antipsychotic Agents; Avoidance Learning; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonidine; Clozapine; Conditioning, Operant; Electroshock; Food; Male; Methocarbamol; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1986 |
Neither morphine nor clonidine influence the non-adrenergic, non-cholinergic inhibitory response in the rat gastric fundus.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Female; Gastric Fundus; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Muscle Relaxation; Rats; Synaptic Transmission | 1986 |
[In vitro study of the non-adrenergic non-cholinergic innervation of the rat and cat stomach].
Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Female; Gastric Fundus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Relaxation; Neurotransmitter Agents; Rats; Stomach | 1986 |
The potentiation of morphine-withdrawal jumping by clonidine is antagonized by m-chlorophenylpiperazine and not by haloperidol.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Azepines; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dopamine Antagonists; Drug Synergism; Haloperidol; Male; Morphine; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 1986 |
Alpha2-adrenoceptor agonists inhibit the migrating myoelectric complexes of the small intestine in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestine, Small; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Oxymetazoline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1987 |
Increased antinociception by alpha-adrenoceptor drugs after spinal cord noradrenaline depletion.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Benzylamines; Clonidine; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Hydroxydopamines; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Phenylacetates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Synaptosomal free [Ca2+] is reduced by clonidine and dynorphin A-(1-13) and increased by idazoxan.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Brain; Calcium; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dioxins; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Idazoxan; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1987 |
Mutual antagonism of kappa-opiate and alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist effects on intrasynaptosomal free [Ca2+]i.
Topics: Aminoquinolines; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Dynorphins; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Fluorescent Dyes; Idazoxan; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Synaptosomes | 1988 |
Spinal infusion of opiate and alpha-2 agonists in rats: tolerance and cross-tolerance studies.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1988 |
Effects of two alpha 2 agonists, rilmenidine and clonidine, on the morphine withdrawal syndrome and their potential addictive properties in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Oxazoles; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rilmenidine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders | 1988 |
Evidence for crosstolerance to the analgesic effects between morphine and selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Injections, Spinal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Phenylacetates; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Morphine tolerance and nonspecific subsensitivity of the longitudinal muscle myenteric plexus preparation of the guinea-pig to inhibitory agonists.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Adenosine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth; Myenteric Plexus; Xylazine | 1988 |
Spinal analgesia with morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Spinal Cord | 1989 |
[Participation of peptide mechanisms in physiological reactions of the cardiovascular system to hyperoxia].
Topics: Animals; Captopril; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Clonidine; Enzyme Activation; Hemodynamics; Hemorrhage; Hyperbaric Oxygenation; Hypertension, Renovascular; Hypotension; Morphine; Oxygen; Peptides; Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A; Rats; Receptors, Opioid | 1985 |
Opiate and alpha 2-adrenoceptor responses of rat amygdaloid neurons: co-localization and interactions during withdrawal.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Iontophoresis; Male; Microelectrodes; Morphine; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1985 |
Opioid kappa receptors and the secretion of prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) in the rat. II. GH and PRL release-inhibiting effects of the opioid kappa receptor agonists bremazocine and U-50,488.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Animals; Benzomorphans; Clonidine; Growth Hormone; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphinans; Morphine; Prolactin; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Serotonin; Time Factors | 1986 |
[Analgesia with an implanted device for repetitive intrathecal injections of morphine].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aspirin; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Lysine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain; Receptors, Opioid | 1985 |
Intrathecal D-Ala2-D-Leu5-enkephalin (DADL) restores analgesia in a patient analgetically tolerant to intrathecal morphine sulfate.
Topics: Aged; Carcinoma; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain, Intractable; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Skull Neoplasms; Spinal Neoplasms; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Thyroid Neoplasms | 1986 |
Activation of presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors attenuates the inhibitory effect of mu-opioid receptor agonists on noradrenaline release from brain slices.
Topics: Animals; Brain Chemistry; Cadmium; Clonidine; Colforsin; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Phentolamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 1986 |
A study on the antagonism of the intestinal inhibitory effects of morphine and clonidine by yohimbine in mice.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Female; Gastrointestinal Motility; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Yohimbine | 1986 |
[Theophylline-induced changes in the presynaptic effects of adenosine, baclofen, clofelin and morphine in the myenteric plexus of the guinea pig].
Topics: Adenosine; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Myenteric Plexus; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Theophylline | 1987 |
Alpha 2-adrenoceptor modulation of nociception in rat spinal cord: location, effects and interactions with morphine.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Clonidine; Dihydromorphine; Drug Interactions; Electrophysiology; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Neurons; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Spinal Cord; Yohimbine | 1987 |
In vitro effects of a mixture of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxins on chloride flux in everted jejunal sacs of male pigs.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Bacterial Toxins; Chlorides; Clonidine; Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Male; Morphine; Pilocarpine; Swine; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 1988 |
Effects of clonidine and morphine on opioid withdrawal in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1986 |
Tolerance to effects of morphine without cross tolerance to effects of clonidine on schedule-controlled behavior of pigeons.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Drug Tolerance; Morphine; Naloxone; Reinforcement Schedule | 1986 |
Role of calcium in prolactin analgesia.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Chloride; Clonidine; Male; Mice; Morphine; Nifedipine; Prolactin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1986 |
Noradrenergic and behavioural effects of naloxone injected in the locus coeruleus of morphine-dependent rats and their control by clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Morphine; Naloxone; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Rats; Substance-Related Disorders | 1987 |
Relative ontogeny of opioid and catecholaminergic regulation of thyrotropin secretion in the rat.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Apomorphine; Body Temperature; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Corticosterone; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Thyrotropin; Thyrotropin-Releasing Hormone | 1988 |
Peripheral analgesic action of clonidine: mediation by release of endogenous enkephalin-like substances.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Carrageenan; Clonidine; Dinoprostone; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalins; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Peripheral Nerves; Prostaglandins E; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Yohimbine | 1988 |
Clonidine activates a cholinergic hippocampal theta rhythm in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electroencephalography; Hippocampus; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Scopolamine; Theta Rhythm; Yohimbine | 1988 |
Effects of clonidine and propranolol on separation-induced distress in infant rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety, Separation; Clonidine; Exploratory Behavior; Female; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Propranolol; Reference Values; Vocalization, Animal | 1988 |
Peripheral modulation of pain in conscious guinea pigs: effect of morphine, nalorphine and clonidine.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Subcutaneous; Morphine; Nalorphine; Pain Measurement; Vocalization, Animal | 1988 |
Changes in locomotor-activity patterns as a measure of spontaneous morphine withdrawal: no effect of clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Clonidine; Eating; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1988 |
Clonidine and morphine increase [3H]-noradrenaline overflow in mouse vas deferens.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Tetrodotoxin; Vas Deferens | 1988 |
A study of the interaction between clonidine and morphine on analgesia and blood pressure during continuous intrathecal infusion in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Synergy between the antinociceptive effects of intrathecal clonidine and systemic morphine in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine: antinociceptive tolerance and cross-tolerance and effects on blood pressure.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Spinal Cord; Yohimbine | 1988 |
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine for control of intractable cancer pain. A case report.
Topics: Carcinoma, Renal Cell; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Kidney Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Intractable | 1988 |
Colorectal distension as a noxious visceral stimulus: physiologic and pharmacologic characterization of pseudaffective reflexes in the rat.
Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Clonidine; Colon; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Rectum; Reflex; Viscera | 1988 |
Increased glucose utilization in superficial layers of the rat spinal dorsal horn during precipitated morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Glucose; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Spinal Cord; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1988 |
Intravenous morphine causes hypertension, hyperglycaemia and increases sympatho-adrenal outflow in conscious rabbits.
Topics: Animals; Blood; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Histamine Antagonists; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Osmolar Concentration; Pentobarbital; Phenoxybenzamine; Potassium; Rabbits | 1988 |
Yohimbine reduces morphine tolerance in guinea-pig ileum.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; Male; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth; Phenylacetates; Yohimbine | 1987 |
Selective breeding for levorphanol-induced antinociception on the hot-plate assay: commonalities in mechanism of action with morphine, pentazocine, ethylketocyclazocine, U-50488H and clonidine in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclazocine; Ethylketocyclazocine; Female; Levorphanol; Male; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Pain; Pentazocine; Pyrrolidines | 1987 |
Tolerance to effects of clonidine and morphine on sulfobromophthalein disposition in mice.
Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Liver; Male; Mice; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Sulfobromophthalein | 1987 |
Opioid modulation of baroreceptor reflex sensitivity in dogs.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Clonidine; Dogs; Endorphins; Hemodynamics; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Phenylephrine; Pressoreceptors; Reflex; Vagus Nerve | 1987 |
Epidural clonidine produces antinociception, but not hypotension, in sheep.
Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia, Epidural; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Hemodynamics; Hypotension; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Respiration; Sheep | 1987 |
Mutual potentiation of antinociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine on motor and sensory responses in rat spinal cord.
Topics: Afferent Pathways; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Nerve Fibers; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord | 1987 |
Isolation of a factor that reverses presynaptic inhibition of acetylcholine release.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Clonidine; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Guinea Pigs; Morphine; Myenteric Plexus; Neuromuscular Junction; Oxotremorine; Phenylisopropyladenosine; Synapses; Synaptosomes | 1986 |
Interaction between morphine, an opioid agonist, and clonidine, an alpha-adrenergic agonist, on the regulation of anterior pituitary hormone secretion in normal male subjects.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Growth Hormone; Humans; Hydrocortisone; Male; Morphine; Prolactin; Thyrotropin | 1987 |
Clonidine and the hyper-responsiveness of dorsal horn neurones following morphine withdrawal in the spinal cat.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Decerebrate State; Ganglia, Spinal; Injections; Injections, Intravenous; Morphine; Naloxone; Neurons; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substantia Gelatinosa | 1987 |
Pertussis toxin blocks the outward currents evoked by opiate and alpha 2-agonists in locus coeruleus neurons.
Topics: Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Animals; Clonidine; Evoked Potentials; Injections, Intraventricular; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Pertussis Toxin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1986 |
Learned and pharmacologically-induced tolerance to ethanol and cross-tolerance to morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Ethanol; Learning; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Reflex | 1986 |
Amitriptyline analgesia: tolerance & cross tolerance pattern.
Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Morphine | 1986 |
Isolation of a factor (substance B) that antagonizes presynaptic modulation: pharmacological properties.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Acetylcholine; Adenosine; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium Compounds; Ileum; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Oxotremorine; Phencyclidine; Phenylisopropyladenosine; Synaptosomes | 1986 |
Comparison of tizanidine and morphine with regard to tolerance-developing ability to antinociceptive action.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Morphine; Motor Skills; Naloxone; Pain Measurement; Sleep | 1986 |
Effects of centrally administered naloxone on gastrointestinal myoelectrical activity in morphine-dependent rats.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Clonidine; Digestive System; Electrophysiology; Enkephalin, Leucine; Gastrointestinal Motility; Indomethacin; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Methysergide; Morphine; Naloxone; Phentolamine; Rats; Substance-Related Disorders; Tolazoline | 1987 |
The effect of mouse spinal cord transection on the antinociceptive response to the gamma-aminobutyric acid agonists THIP (4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5,4-c]pyridine-3-ol) and baclofen.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Baclofen; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Cordotomy; Isoxazoles; Male; Mice; Morphine; Oxazoles; Oxotremorine | 1985 |
Intrathecal morphine tolerance: use of intrathecal clonidine, DADLE, and intraventricular morphine.
Topics: Adenocarcinoma; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Double-Blind Method; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Female; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Intractable; Pelvic Neoplasms; Terminal Care | 1985 |
Effects of Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin, atropine, clonidine, and morphine on chloride efflux from isolated enterocytes.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Chlorides; Clonidine; Enterotoxins; Escherichia coli; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Male; Morphine; Swine | 1985 |
Effects of morphine on sprouting of locus coeruleus fibers in the neonatal rat.
Topics: Adrenergic Fibers; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Female; Hydroxydopamines; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Regeneration; Yohimbine | 1985 |
Effects of single and repeated daily injections of morphine, clonidine, and l-nantradol on avoidance responding of rats.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Phenanthridines; Rats; Reinforcement Schedule | 1985 |
Involvement of spinal and supraspinal structures in tizanidine-induced antinociceptive action.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Pain; Reaction Time; Spinal Cord | 1986 |
Tolerance to behavioral effects of clonidine after chronic administration of morphine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reinforcement Schedule | 1985 |
Analgesic nitrous oxide: adjunct to clonidine for opioid withdrawal.
Topics: Adult; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Meperidine; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nitrous Oxide; Oxygen; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1985 |
Multiple roles of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in physiologic and pharmacologic regulation of cardiovascular functions.
Topics: Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena; Cardiovascular System; Cats; Clonidine; Electrophysiology; Hypotension; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Narcotics; Neurons; Pressoreceptors; Rats; Reflex | 1985 |
Effects of single and repeated daily injections of morphine, clonidine and l-nantradol on responding of squirrel monkeys under escape titration.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Electroshock; Male; Morphine; Phenanthridines; Saimiri | 1985 |
Some experimental pain indices and their applications in the study of analgesic mechanisms.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Clonidine; Dental Pulp; Electric Stimulation; Evoked Potentials; Hot Temperature; Jaw; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Pain; Reaction Time; Reflex | 1985 |
Intrathecal clonidine: analgesia and effect on opiate withdrawal in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Body Weight; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1985 |
Biochemical correlates of morphine withdrawal. 2. Effects of clonidine.
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Animals; Clonidine; Denervation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 1985 |
Morphine and clonidine oral self-administration: a study in morphine dependent or abstinent rats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Humans; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1985 |
Locus coeruleus lesions in the rat enhance the antinociceptive potency of centrally administered clonidine but not morphine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Spinal Cord | 1985 |
Comparison of regional CNS ligand binding in two inbred rat strains: effects of chronic morphine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Dihydroalprenolol; Ligands; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred BUF; Rats, Inbred F344; Species Specificity; Spiperone | 1985 |
Opposite pupillary size effects in the cat and dog after microinjections of morphine, normorphine and clonidine in the Edinger-Westphal nucleus.
Topics: Animals; Cats; Clonidine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Microinjections; Miotics; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Oculomotor Nerve; Pupil; Species Specificity; Tegmentum Mesencephali | 1985 |
Effects of chronic drug treatment on the sensitivity of mouse vas deferens to drugs.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Potassium Chloride; Vas Deferens | 1985 |
Single dose tolerance to the analgesic effect of clonidine and cross-tolerance between morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Time Factors | 1985 |
Effects of morphine on striatal dopamine metabolism: possible mechanism of its opposite effect on locomotor activity in rats and mice.
Topics: Animals; Apomorphine; Brain Chemistry; Catalepsy; Catechols; Caudate Nucleus; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Corpus Striatum; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Fluorometry; Homovanillic Acid; Humans; Male; Methyltyrosines; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Rats; Serine; Species Specificity; Stereotaxic Techniques; Thiocarbamates | 1974 |
[Pathogenesis and therapy of acute pulmonary edema].
Topics: Acute Disease; Brain Diseases; Cardiac Glycosides; Clonidine; Diuretics; Gas Poisoning; Heart Defects, Congenital; Heart Diseases; Humans; Morphine; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Poisoning; Pulmonary Edema; Respiratory Insufficiency; Trimethaphan | 1972 |
[Withdrawal syndrome during epidural administration of morphine after stopping treatment with clonidine].
Topics: Aged; Autonomic Nervous System Diseases; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Epidural Space; Humans; Hypertension; Injections; Male; Mental Disorders; Morphine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Synaptic Transmission | 1984 |
Presynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptor subsensitivity in the morphine-withdrawn mouse vas deferens.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Histamine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Morphine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Vas Deferens | 1984 |
Morphine treatment increases clonidine binding in brain cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cell Line; Cells, Cultured; Clonidine; Glioma; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Neuroblastoma; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha | 1984 |
Opiates and specific receptor binding of [3H]clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Clonidine; Enkephalins; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Rats; Receptors, Drug | 1980 |
Effects of some alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists on the guinea-pig ileum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth | 1980 |
Studies in the primate on the analgetic effects associated with intrathecal actions of opiates, alpha-adrenergic agonists and baclofen.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Cats; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Electroshock; Female; Injections, Spinal; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Male; Meperidine; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Pain; Phentolamine; Sensory Thresholds; Spinal Cord | 1981 |
Effects of CNS active drugs and somatostatin antiserum on growth hormone release in young and old male rats.
Topics: Aging; alpha-Methyltyrosine; Animals; Benzilates; Clonidine; Immune Sera; Kinetics; Male; Methyltyrosines; Morphine; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Somatostatin; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase | 1981 |
Antinociceptive activity of clonidine in the mouse, rat and dog.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Mice; Morphine; Rats; Species Specificity | 1982 |
Cysteamine effects on growth hormone secretion in the male rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Cysteamine; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Growth Hormone; Hypothalamus; Immune Sera; Male; Median Eminence; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Rats; Somatostatin; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors | 1983 |
Effects on nociceptive threshold and blood pressure of intrathecally administered morphine and alpha-adrenergic agonists.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sensory Thresholds; Species Specificity; Time Factors | 1983 |
Dipropylacetate-induced quasi-morphine abstinence behaviour in the rat: suppression by alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Humans; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Valproic Acid | 1983 |
Absence of antinociceptive effect of alpha-2 agonists microinjected in the periaqueductal gray of the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Isoproterenol; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Periaqueductal Gray; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptic Transmission; Tolazoline | 1983 |
Evidence that drugs increasing 5-hydroxytryptamine transmission block jumping but not wet dog shakes in morphine-abstinent rats: a comparison with clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Fenfluramine; Humans; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Piperazines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Serotonin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1984 |
Influences on morphine action in the myenteric plexus from guinea pig of alpha 2 receptor stimulation.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Guanfacine; Guanidines; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Myenteric Plexus; Phenylacetates; Stimulation, Chemical; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1983 |
Binding of [3H]clonidine to membranes from cow neurohypophysis and cerebral cortex of the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Cattle; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Cyclazocine; Enkephalin, Leucine; Ethylketocyclazocine; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Membranes; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Pituitary Gland, Posterior; Rats | 1984 |
Pain-depressing agents and the spinal nociceptive system.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Ceruletide; Clonidine; Diazepam; Endorphins; Humans; Morphine; Motor Neurons; Neurons, Afferent; Nociceptors; Pentobarbital; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Opioid; Reflex; Sincalide; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Synapses | 1984 |
Possible role of an endogenous opiate in the cardiovascular effects of central alpha adrenoceptor stimulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Endorphins; Heart Rate; Hypertension; Male; Methyldopa; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 1980 |
Chronic morphine administration increases the apparent number of alpha 2-adrenergic receptors in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Organ Specificity; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha | 1981 |
Morphine suppresses the blood pressure responses to clonidine withdrawal in the spontaneously hypertensive rat.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Morphine; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1981 |
Evidence for noradrenergic mediation of opioid effects on luteinizing hormone secretion.
Topics: Animals; Bis(4-Methyl-1-Homopiperazinylthiocarbonyl)disulfide; Castration; Clonidine; Ditiocarb; Estradiol; Female; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Hypothalamus; Kinetics; Luteinizing Hormone; Morphine; Naloxone; Phenoxybenzamine; Progesterone; Rats | 1981 |
Importance of norepinephrine alpha 2-receptor activation for morphine-induced rat growth hormone secretion.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Fenclonine; Growth Hormone; Haloperidol; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Phenoxybenzamine; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Reserpine; Yohimbine | 1981 |
Clonidine and the primate locus coeruleus: evidence suggesting anxiolytic and anti-withdrawal effects.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Emotions; Fear; Haplorhini; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1981 |
Antinociceptive actions of clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Male; Morphine; Muridae; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Phenoxybenzamine; Premedication; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord; Yohimbine | 1981 |
Antinociceptive mechanism and acute and chronic behavioral effects of clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Muridae; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1981 |
Clonidine withdrawal: activation of brain noradrenergic neurons with specifically reduced alpha 2-receptor sensitivity.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Electrophysiology; Humans; Iontophoresis; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sympathetic Nervous System | 1982 |
Interaction between mianserin and clonidine at alpha 2-adrenoceptors.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Chickens; Clonidine; Desipramine; Dibenzazepines; Dogs; Drug Interactions; Electric Stimulation; Female; Guinea Pigs; Heart; Heart Rate; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mianserin; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Sleep | 1982 |
Central noradrenergic neurons: a locus for the functional interplay between alpha-2 adrenoceptors and opiate receptors.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dendrites; Evoked Potentials; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Piperoxan; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Synapses; Synaptic Transmission | 1982 |
The primate locus coeruleus and effects of clonidine on opiate withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Enkephalins; Fear; Humans; Locus Coeruleus; Macaca; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1982 |
Sensitivity in vivo of central alpha 2- and opiate receptors after chronic treatment with various antidepressants.
Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brompheniramine; Chlorpromazine; Clomipramine; Clonidine; Desipramine; Evoked Potentials; Imipramine; Iprindole; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Mianserin; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Zimeldine | 1982 |
The role of interaction between opiate receptors and alpha-adrenergic receptors in tolerance and dependence.
Topics: Adenylyl Cyclase Inhibitors; Animals; Brain; Cell Line; Clonidine; Cyclic AMP; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Epinephrine; Guinea Pigs; Humans; Ileum; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Opioid-Related Disorders; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid | 1983 |
Antinociceptive activity of N-(4-hydroxyphenacetyl)-4-aminoclonidine, a novel analog of clonidine: role of opioid receptors and alpha-adrenoceptors.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Benzeneacetamides; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Antagonism; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid; Xylazine; Yohimbine | 1983 |
Antinociceptive effect of the GABAmimetic 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroisoxazolo [5, 4-c]pyridin-3-ol (THIP): chronic treatment increases alpha-2 adrenoceptors in the mouse brain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain Chemistry; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Isoxazoles; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Oxazoles; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Cell Surface; Receptors, GABA-A | 1984 |
How do tranquilizing agents selectively inhibit conditioned avoidance responding?
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Diazepam; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Tranquilizing Agents | 1984 |
Epidural clonidine.
Topics: Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain | 1984 |
Pertussis toxin blocks the action of morphine, norepinephrine and clonidine on isolated guinea-pig ileum.
Topics: Adenylate Cyclase Toxin; Animals; Bacterial Toxins; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine; Pertussis Toxin; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1984 |
The role of the catecholaminergic mechanism in foot shock (FS) stress- and immobilized-water immersion (IW) stress-induced analgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Catecholamines; Clonidine; Electroshock; Humans; Immersion; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Naloxone; Reserpine; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Psychological | 1984 |
Changes in clonidine effect on longitudinal muscle-myenteric plexus strip preparation by morphine treatments.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Prazosin; Yohimbine | 1983 |
Overall evaluation of treatment modalities for heroin addiction in a toxicology unit.
Topics: Clonidine; Heroin Dependence; Hospital Units; Humans; Methadone; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care; Patient Dropouts; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1983 |
Influence of clonidine on the acute dependence response elicited in naive rats by naloxone.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Corticosterone; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Opioid-Related Disorders; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1983 |
Cardiovascular changes during morphine withdrawal in the rat: effects of clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1983 |
Morphine withdrawal produces differential effects on the rate of lever-pressing for brain self-stimulation in the hypothalamus and midbrain in rats.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Humans; Hypothalamus; Male; Mesencephalon; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Self Stimulation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 1983 |
Yohimbine exacerbates and clonidine attenuates acute morphine withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reinforcement Schedule; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 1983 |
Morphine tolerance and dependence in the locus coeruleus: single cell studies in brain slices.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1983 |
Lateral reticular formation as a site for morphine- and clonidine-induced hypotension.
Topics: Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Female; Iontophoresis; Male; Microelectrodes; Microinjections; Morphine; Naloxone; Reticular Formation | 1984 |
Effects of morphine, clonidine and papaverine on synaptosomal 45Ca uptake and antinociceptive action in rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Calcium; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Papaverine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1984 |
No evidence for involvement of endogenous opioid peptides in effects of clonidine on blood pressure, heart rate and plasma norepinephrine in anesthetized rats.
Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Endorphins; Heart Rate; Hypophysectomy; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Rats | 1984 |
Effects of morphine, clonidine, and intensity change on electric-shock discrimination.
Topics: Animals; Arousal; Clonidine; Conditioning, Psychological; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electroshock; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Saimiri; Sensory Thresholds | 1984 |
Effects of the training dose on generalization of morphine stimulus to clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Discrimination Learning; Generalization, Stimulus; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Yohimbine | 1984 |
Effects of epinephrine, clonidine, L-phenylephrine, and morphine on intestinal secretion mediated by Escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin in pig jejunum.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Enterotoxins; Epinephrine; Escherichia coli; Hot Temperature; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestinal Secretions; Jejunum; Male; Morphine; Phenylephrine; Swine | 1982 |
Pharmacologic effects of N-allylnormetazocine (SKF-10047).
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cyclazocine; Ethylketocyclazocine; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Phenazocine; Rats; Receptors, Dopamine; Spiperone | 1981 |
Progress report of the NIDA Addiction Research Center.
Topics: Analgesics; Buprenorphine; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonidine; Diazepam; Humans; Morphine; National Institutes of Health (U.S.); Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Tobacco Use Disorder; Tolmetin; United States | 1982 |
[Morphine antagonizes the central hypotensive effect of clonidine in the anesthetized cat].
Topics: Anesthesia, General; Animals; Blood Pressure; Cats; Clonidine; Female; Heart Rate; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine | 1982 |
Chlorpromazine hyperalgesia antagonizes clonidine analgesia, but enhances morphine analgesia in rats tested in a hot-water tail-flick paradigm.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time | 1982 |
An analysis of the effects of systemically administered clonidine on the food and water intake of rats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drinking; Drug Interactions; Eating; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 1983 |
Effect of clonidine on the chronic morphine tolerance and on the sensitivity of the smooth muscles in mice.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesia; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Ileum; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Norepinephrine; Vas Deferens | 1983 |
Maturation of central nervous system control of growth hormone secretion in rats.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Aging; Animals; Central Nervous System; Clonidine; Female; Growth Hormone; Male; Morphine; Pentobarbital; Rats | 1981 |
Narcotic discrimination in pigeons.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Codeine; Columbidae; Cyclazocine; Discrimination Learning; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ethylketocyclazocine; Ketamine; Meperidine; Morphine; Nalorphine; Naltrexone; Narcotics; Pentazocine; Pentobarbital; Species Specificity | 1980 |
Immunological and biological studies on cholecystokinin in rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Cholecystokinin; Chromatography, Gel; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fluorescent Antibody Technique; Histocytochemistry; Morphine; Rats; Starvation; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1980 |
Regulation of episodic growth hormone secretion by the central epinephrine system. Studies in the chronically cannulated rat.
Topics: Amines; Animals; Benzylamines; Clonidine; Epinephrine; Growth Hormone; Isoquinolines; Male; Morphine; Periodicity; Phenylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Prolactin; Rats; Secretory Rate; Sulfonamides; Tetrahydroisoquinolines | 1982 |
Effects of aging on pain responses and analgesic efficacy of morphine and clonidine in rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Muridae; Nociceptors; Sensory Thresholds | 1982 |
[Studies on the antinociceptive activity of guanabenz, with particular reference to clonidine and morphine (author's transl)].
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Guanabenz; Guanidines; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Yohimbine | 1982 |
Disposition of drugs in man by radioimmunoassay.
Topics: Binding Sites; Clonidine; Humans; Kinetics; Male; Morphine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Radioimmunoassay | 1982 |
Morphine-like effects of clonidine on the EEG, slow wave sleep and behavior in the dog.
Topics: Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dogs; Electroencephalography; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Sleep; Yohimbine | 1982 |
Antagonization of clonidine- and morphine-promoted antinociception by kainic acid lesion of nucleus reticularis gigantocellularis in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Brain Diseases; Clonidine; Kainic Acid; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reticular Formation | 1982 |
Interaction of beta-adrenergic agonists and antagonists with the stimulation of growth hormone release induced by clonidine or by morphine in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Growth Hormone; Isoproterenol; Male; Morphine; Propranolol; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Plasma and cerebrospinal fluid 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylethylene glycol (MHPG) as indices of brain norepinephrine metabolism in primates.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chlorocebus aethiops; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Glycols; Methoxyhydroxyphenylglycol; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Piperoxan | 1982 |
Influence of clonidine on the acute tolerance pattern to morphine induced analgesia and sensitivity changes in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth | 1981 |
Opiates and clonidine prolong calcium-dependent after-hyperpolarizations.
Topics: Action Potentials; Animals; Calcium; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Morphine; Myenteric Plexus; Naloxone; Neurons | 1981 |
Clonidine and naloxone-induced opiate withdrawal: a comparison between clonidine and morphine in man.
Topics: Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1980 |
A comparison of muscarinic cholinergic involvement in the antinociceptive effects of morphine and clonidine in the mouse.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Nociceptors; Oxotremorine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Physostigmine; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1980 |
Intrathecal amitriptyline. Antinociceptive interactions with intravenous morphine and intrathecal clonidine, neostigmine, and carbamylcholine in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Amitriptyline; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Neostigmine; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
[Cephalic cancer pain controlled by intraventricular administration of morphine and clonidine].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Brain; Catheters, Indwelling; Cerebral Ventricles; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatal Outcome; Female; Headache; Humans; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pharyngeal Neoplasms; Tomography, X-Ray Computed | 1995 |
Effects of morphine and morphine withdrawal on adrenergic neurons of the rat rostral ventrolateral medulla.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Autonomic Nervous System; Clonidine; Injections, Intravenous; Iontophoresis; Male; Medulla Oblongata; Morphine; Naloxone; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1995 |
Characteristics of the analgesic effects and drug interactions of intrathecal carbachol in rats.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
NMDA antagonists and clonidine block c-fos expression during morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Gene Expression; Genes, fos; In Vitro Techniques; Isoquinolines; Male; Morphine; Naltrexone; Neural Pathways; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA Probes; RNA, Messenger; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1995 |
Analgesic action of acute and chronic intraspinally administered opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic agonists in chronic neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 | 1994 |
Visceral antinociceptive effects of spinal clonidine combined with morphine, [D-Pen2, D-Pen5] enkephalin, or U50,488H.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Colon; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Pain; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rectum | 1995 |
Intrathecal acetyl cholinesterase inhibitors produce analgesia that is synergistic with morphine and clonidine in rats.
Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Development of tolerance to antinociceptive effects of an intrathecal morphine/clonidine combination in rats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Rats; Spinal Cord | 1995 |
Differential inhibition of cholinergic and noncholinergic neurogenic contractions by mu opioid and alpha-2 adrenergic agonists in guinea pig ileum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Brimonidine Tartrate; Choline; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Motor Neurons; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neuromuscular Junction; Neurotransmitter Uptake Inhibitors; Quinoxalines; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Substance P; Synaptic Transmission | 1993 |
Neither cholecystokinin nor galanin modulate intrathecal clonidine-induced depression of the nociceptive flexor reflex in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Cholecystokinin; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Galanin; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain; Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex | 1993 |
Differential cross-tolerance between analgesia produced by alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists and receptor subtype selective opioid treatments.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Binding Sites; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Morphine; Nalorphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Xylazine | 1995 |
A preliminary investigation of the mechanisms underlying cannabinoid tolerance in the mouse vas deferens.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Arachidonic Acids; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Dronabinol; Drug Tolerance; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Mice; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Neuromuscular Junction; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Opioid; Vas Deferens | 1995 |
Spontaneous withdrawal from long-term treatment with morphine accelerates the turnover of alpha 2-adrenoceptors in the rat brain: up-regulation of receptors associated with increased receptor appearance.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Quinolines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors; Up-Regulation | 1995 |
Constipation evoked by 5-HT3-receptor antagonism: evidence for heterogeneous efficacy among different antagonists in guinea-pigs.
Topics: Animals; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clonidine; Colon; Constipation; Defecation; Drug Interactions; Granisetron; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Indoles; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Serotonin Antagonists; Tropisetron | 1994 |
The effects of intrathecal morphine and clonidine on the prevention and reversal of spinal cord hyperexcitability following sciatic nerve section in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Electromyography; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord | 1994 |
Effects of atropine, pirenzepine, clonidine, and morphine on biphasic response of rat gastric fundus to field stimulation.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Electric Stimulation; Gastric Fundus; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Pirenzepine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Decreased spinal morphine/clonidine antinociceptive synergism in morphine-tolerant mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Implants; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Nociceptors; Receptors, Opioid; Spinal Cord | 1995 |
Divergent regulation of cytochrome P450 enzymes by morphine and pethidine: a neuroendocrine mechanism?
Topics: Adrenal Glands; Androstenedione; Animals; Aryl Hydrocarbon Hydroxylases; Base Sequence; Clonidine; Cortodoxone; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome P450 Family 2; Desoxycorticosterone; Drug Interactions; Drug Therapy, Combination; Gene Expression Regulation; Isoenzymes; Kidney; Liver; Male; Meperidine; Molecular Sequence Data; Morphine; Neurosecretory Systems; Progesterone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; RNA, Messenger; Steroid 16-alpha-Hydroxylase; Steroids; Yohimbine | 1995 |
Intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the management of spinal cord injury pain: a case report.
Topics: Adult; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Spinal Cord Injuries | 1994 |
A comparison of intrathecally administered narcotic and nonnarcotic analgesics for experimental chronic neuropathic pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Nerve Compression Syndromes; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Sciatic Nerve | 1995 |
Dynorphin A(1-17) mediates midazolam antagonism of morphine antinociception in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Dynorphins; GABA Antagonists; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Midazolam; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Pain Measurement; Reaction Time; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
The stability of mixtures of morphine hydrochloride, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in portable pump reservoirs for the management of chronic pain syndromes.
Topics: Bupivacaine; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Morphine; Pain; Syndrome | 1994 |
Antinociceptive effects of spinal cholinesterase inhibition and isobolographic analysis of the interaction with mu and alpha 2 receptor systems.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Carbachol; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Edrophonium; Hot Temperature; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mecamylamine; Morphine; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pain Threshold; Premedication; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time | 1994 |
Food deprivation and motor activity in rats: differences between morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food Deprivation; Male; Morphine; Motivation; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reinforcement, Psychology | 1994 |
Modulation by central postsynaptic alpha 2-adrenoceptors of the jaw-opening reflex induced by orofacial stimulation in rats.
Topics: Amphetamine; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Dioxanes; Electric Stimulation; Idazoxan; Jaw; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reflex; Reserpine | 1994 |
[How can we improve the efficacy of morphine analgesia without increasing adverse effects?].
Topics: Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Anesthetics, Local; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative | 1994 |
Study of the sensitivity of the diabetes-induced pain model in rats to a range of analgesics.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Aspirin; Clonidine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Disease Models, Animal; Humans; Lidocaine; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity | 1994 |
The differential effects of morphine and the alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonists clonidine and dexmedetomidine on the prevention and treatment of experimental neuropathic pain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Morphine; Motor Activity; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve; Self Mutilation | 1993 |
Pharmacology of the spinal action of ketorolac, morphine, ST-91, U50488H, and L-PIA on the formalin test and an isobolographic analysis of the NSAID interaction.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Formaldehyde; Ketorolac; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Nociceptors; Phenylisopropyladenosine; Pyrrolidines; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tolmetin | 1993 |
Interactions between the effects of opioid, serotonin and alpha-2-adrenergic receptor agonists on growth hormone release in the male rat. Intravenous administration.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Growth Hormone; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Quipazine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Serotonin | 1993 |
Receptor-activated modulation in rat cortical slices as measured with a K-sensitive electrode.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Microelectrodes; Morphine; Parietal Lobe; Potassium; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Purinergic; Synapses | 1993 |
Pre-emptive administration of clonidine prevents development of hyperalgesia to mechanical stimuli in a model of mononeuropathy in the rat.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Baclofen; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperalgesia; Male; Morphine; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reference Values; Sciatic Nerve; Time Factors | 1993 |
Morphine, clonidine coadministration in subanalgesic doses: effective control of tonic pain.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Formaldehyde; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1994 |
Clonidine attenuates conditioned aversion produced by naloxone-precipitated opiate withdrawal.
Topics: Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1994 |
ED management of acute congestive heart failure in renal dialysis patients.
Topics: Acute Disease; Administration, Cutaneous; Administration, Oral; Administration, Sublingual; Captopril; Clinical Protocols; Clonidine; Emergency Medical Services; Emergency Medicine; Heart Failure; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Intubation, Intratracheal; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Morphine; Nifedipine; Nitroglycerin; Nitroprusside; Oxygen Inhalation Therapy; Peritoneal Dialysis; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis; Severity of Illness Index; Transportation of Patients | 1993 |
Effect of naloxone on the habituation of novelty-induced hypoalgesia: the collateral inhibition hypothesis revisited.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Phentolamine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 | 1993 |
[Delayed respiratory depression after the cerebrospinal administration of morphine and clofelin].
Topics: Anesthesia, Spinal; Clonidine; Depression, Chemical; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Respiration; Time Factors | 1993 |
Evidence for functional dissociation of dependence and tolerance in guinea-pig isolated ileal segments following 20 hour exposure to morphine in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Female; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Temperature | 1993 |
Modulation of opiate responses in brain noradrenergic neurons by the cyclic AMP cascade: changes with chronic morphine.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Colforsin; Cyclic AMP; Drug Synergism; Endorphins; Locus Coeruleus; Morphine; Neurons; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors | 1993 |
Effect of prolonged administration of clonidine on [3H]PN 200-110 and [125I]omega-conotoxin binding in mouse brain.
Topics: Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Cell Membrane; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Tolerance; Iodine Radioisotopes; Isradipine; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Motor Activity; omega-Conotoxins; Peptides; Time Factors; Tritium | 1993 |
Analgesic effect of morphine, clonidine and serotonin microinjected into the PTN of rats.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Male; Methysergide; Microinjections; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain Measurement; Rats; Serotonin; Superior Colliculi; Yohimbine | 1993 |
Withdrawal contractures of guinea-pig isolated ileum after acute activation of kappa-opioid receptors.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Nifedipine; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1993 |
Dendrotoxin blocks a class of potassium channels that are opened by inhibitory presynaptic modulators in rat cortical synaptosomes and slices.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Clonidine; Elapid Venoms; Glyburide; Ion Channel Gating; Morphine; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Synaptosomes; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Veratridine | 1993 |
Effects of excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists on a capsaicin-evoked nociceptive reflex: a comparison with morphine, clonidine and baclofen.
Topics: Animals; Baclofen; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Evoked Potentials; In Vitro Techniques; Morphine; Nociceptors; Rats; Receptors, Amino Acid; Reflex; Spinal Cord | 1993 |
Effect of administration of high dose intrathecal clonidine or morphine prior to sciatic nerve section on c-Fos expression in rat lumbar spinal cord.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Immunohistochemistry; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord | 1995 |
The effects of intrathecal galanin message-associated peptide (GMAP) on the flexor reflex in rats.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Decerebrate State; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Galanin; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Nerve Fibers; Neurons, Afferent; Peptide Fragments; Protein Precursors; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex; Skin; Spinal Cord; Substance P; Sympatholytics; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide | 1995 |
[Role of cerebral opioid and serotoninergic receptors in mechanisms of stereotypy and hyperthermia].
Topics: Amphetamines; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Fever; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Receptors, Serotonin; Species Specificity; Stereotyped Behavior | 1995 |
Prejunctional modulation of nitroxidergic nerve function in canine cerebral arteries.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Calcium; Cerebral Arteries; Clonidine; Dogs; Electric Stimulation; Female; In Vitro Techniques; Magnesium; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Nicotine; Nitric Oxide; Physostigmine; Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide; Vasodilation | 1995 |
Extradural clonidine for postoperative pain relief.
Topics: Adult; Child; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Epidural; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 1996 |
Pain relief with low-dose intravenous clonidine in a child with severe burns.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Burns; Child; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Pain | 1996 |
Clonidine antagonizes the aversive effects of opiate withdrawal and the rewarding effects of morphine only in opiate withdrawn rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Arousal; Association Learning; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Conditioning, Classical; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lithium Chloride; Male; Mental Recall; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motivation; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Social Environment; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Taste | 1996 |
[Cancer pain: beneficial effect of ketamine addition to spinal administration of morphine-clonidine-lidocaine mixture].
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Catheters, Indwelling; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Female; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain; Pain Management | 1996 |
Spinal amino acid release and precipitated withdrawal in rats chronically infused with spinal morphine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Clonidine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Injections, Spinal; Male; Microdialysis; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Spinal Cord; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Taurine; Time Factors | 1996 |
Spinal morphine/clonidine antinociceptive synergism: involvement of G proteins and N-type voltage-dependent calcium channels.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; GTP-Binding Proteins; Ion Channel Gating; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Morphine; Pain; Pertussis Toxin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1996 |
Clonidine, but not morphine, delays the development of thermal hyperesthesia induced by sciatic nerve constriction injury in the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Hyperesthesia; Idazoxan; Ligation; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid; Sciatic Nerve; Spinal Cord; Sympathetic Nervous System; Temperature; Time Factors | 1996 |
Local opioid withdrawal in rat single periaqueductal gray neurons in vitro.
Topics: 6-Cyano-7-nitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Bicuculline; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Electrophysiology; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; GABA Agonists; GABA Antagonists; Male; Membrane Potentials; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Organ Culture Techniques; Periaqueductal Gray; Potassium Channels; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Tetrodotoxin; Time Factors; Valine | 1996 |
Electroacupuncture, morphine and clonidine: a comparative study of analgesic effects.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Electroacupuncture; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1996 |
Omega-agatoxin IVA blocks spinal morphine/clonidine antinociceptive synergism.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Linear Models; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; omega-Agatoxin IVA; Pertussis Toxin; Spider Venoms; Spinal Cord; Substance-Related Disorders; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 1996 |
Interaction of morphine and clonidine on gastrointestinal transit in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Benzofurans; Clonidine; Constipation; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Gastrointestinal Transit; Imidazoles; Male; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Sympatholytics | 1996 |
Synergistic antinociceptive interactions of morphine and clonidine in rats with nerve-ligation injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalins; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Phentolamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Nerve Roots | 1997 |
Inhibitory effect of mitragynine, an alkaloid with analgesic effect from Thai medicinal plant Mitragyna speciosa, on electrically stimulated contraction of isolated guinea-pig ileum through the opioid receptor.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Diterpene Alkaloids; Electric Stimulation; Guinea Pigs; Histamine; Ileum; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Naloxone; Neurotransmitter Agents; Nicardipine; Receptors, Opioid; Secologanin Tryptamine Alkaloids; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1997 |
Hyperpolarizing effects of morphine, clonidine and 2-chloroadenosine in myenteric neurons associated with tolerance to morphine.
Topics: 2-Chloroadenosine; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Membrane Potentials; Morphine; Myenteric Plexus; Narcotics; Neuromuscular Junction | 1997 |
Depression of A and C fibre-evoked segmental reflexes by morphine and clonidine in the in vitro spinal cord of the neonatal rat.
Topics: 2-Amino-5-phosphonovalerate; Action Potentials; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Clonidine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 1997 |
Differential effects of clonidine and dexmedetomidine on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in the rat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastric Emptying; Gastrointestinal Transit; Imidazoles; Male; Medetomidine; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Yohimbine | 1997 |
[Changes in alpha 2-adrenoceptor binding nature in guinea-pig brain following the development of morphine dependence].
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Guinea Pigs; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Up-Regulation | 1997 |
Efficacy and kinetics of opioid action on acutely dissociated neurons.
Topics: Animals; Brimonidine Tartrate; Calcium Channels; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Enkephalins; Etorphine; Locus Coeruleus; Morphine; Narcotics; Potassium Channels; Quinoxalines | 1997 |
The influence of chronic treatment with clonidine, yohimbine and idazoxan on morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Interactions; Idazoxan; Male; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 1997 |
Interaction of morphine and clonidine on gastrointestinal transit in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Digestive System; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Drug Interactions; Mice; Morphine | 1997 |
Isobolographic analysis of interaction between intrathecal morphine and clonidine in the formalin test in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Formaldehyde; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Psychomotor Performance; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1997 |
Efficient designs for studying synergistic drug combinations.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Design; Drug Interactions; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Mice; Morphine; Regression Analysis; Sympatholytics | 1997 |
Quantitative evaluation of opioid withdrawal signs in rats repeatedly treated with morphine and injected with naloxone, in the absence or presence of the antiabstinence agent clonidine.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Defecation; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Salivation; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Urination | 1997 |
[Level concept of analgesic dosing in intensive care medicine with sufentanil].
Topics: Alfentanil; Analgesics, Opioid; Carbon Dioxide; Clonidine; Critical Care; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infusions, Intravenous; Intubation; Midazolam; Morphine; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Retrospective Studies; Sufentanil; Sympatholytics | 1998 |
The cold plate as a test of nociceptive behaviors: description and application to the study of chronic neuropathic and inflammatory pain models.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Chronic Disease; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Hindlimb; Hot Temperature; Inflammation; Lidocaine; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve; Skin Temperature; Stress, Mechanical; Wounds and Injuries | 1998 |
Effects of tizanidine administration on precipitated opioid withdrawal signs in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavioral Symptoms; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Male; Morphine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Pain Threshold; Parasympatholytics; Peristalsis; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Urination | 1998 |
Opiate agonist-induced changes in behavioral sensitivity to clonidine are observed in perinatally malnourished rats exposed to chronic stress.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Animals, Newborn; beta-Endorphin; Clonidine; Female; Immobilization; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Nutrition Disorders; Opioid Peptides; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Stress, Physiological | 1998 |
Supraspinal flumazenil inhibits the antianalgesic action of spinal dynorphin A (1-17).
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Dynorphins; Flumazenil; GABA Agonists; GABA-A Receptor Agonists; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Physostigmine | 1998 |
Evidence for supraspinal nervous control of external anal sphincter motility in the cat.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Anal Canal; Animals; Blood Pressure; Brimonidine Tartrate; Cats; Clonidine; Efferent Pathways; Electric Stimulation; Electromyography; Enkephalin, Leucine; Female; Injections, Intravenous; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Narcotics; Nicergoline; Norepinephrine; Peripheral Nerves; Phenylephrine; Prazosin; Quinoxalines; Reflex; Spinal Cord | 1998 |
Selective potentiation by ouabain of naloxone-induced withdrawal contractions of isolated guinea-pig ileum following acute exposure to morphine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Carbachol; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Electric Stimulation; Enzyme Inhibitors; Guinea Pigs; Idazoxan; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Ouabain; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
-Postoperative analgesia after major surgery of the knee.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Analgesia; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Humans; Knee Joint; Lidocaine; Ligaments, Articular; Morphine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Physical Therapy Modalities; Sufentanil; Sympatholytics; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation | 1998 |
Clonidine blocks acquisition but not expression of conditioned opiate withdrawal in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 1998 |
The antinociceptive effect of moclobemide in mice is mediated by noradrenergic pathways.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzamides; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Metergoline; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Moclobemide; Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors; Morphine; Naloxone; Neural Pathways; Norepinephrine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Serotonin; Yohimbine | 1998 |
Spinal morphine/clonidine antinociceptive synergism is regulated by protein kinase C, but not protein kinase A activity.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Protein Kinase C | 1998 |
The control of severe cancer pain by continuous intrathecal infusion and patient controlled intrathecal analgesia with morphine, bupivacaine and clonidine.
Topics: Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Chordoma; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Palliative Care; Sacrococcygeal Region; Spinal Neoplasms | 1998 |
When all else fails: stepwise multiple solutions for a complex cancer pain syndrome.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Female; Home Nursing; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Lumbar Vertebrae; Lumbosacral Plexus; Morphine; Neostigmine; Pain, Intractable; Paresthesia; Patient Care Planning; Patient Care Team; Sciatica; Spinal Neoplasms; Syndrome | 1999 |
Central noradrenergic mediation of nitrous oxide-induced analgesia in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic Fibers; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Idazoxan; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neural Inhibition; Neurons, Afferent; Nitrous Oxide; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Presynaptic; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 1998 |
Spinal antinociceptive synergism between morphine and clonidine persists in mice made acutely or chronically tolerant to morphine.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Injections, Spinal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Tail; Time Factors | 1999 |
Response surface analysis of synergism between morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Algorithms; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Injections, Spinal; Mice; Morphine; Pain Measurement | 1999 |
Alteration of spinal protein kinase C expression and kinetics in morphine, but not clonidine, tolerance.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Protein Kinase C; Spinal Cord | 1999 |
Analgesic effect of agmatine and its enhancement on morphine analgesia in mice and rats.
Topics: Agmatine; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Female; Imidazoles; Imidazoline Receptors; Male; Mice; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Drug | 1999 |
Electrophysiological effects of opioid receptor activation on Syrian hamster suprachiasmatic nucleus neurones in vitro.
Topics: Action Potentials; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Cricetinae; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Methionine; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Male; Morphine; N-Methylaspartate; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Neurons; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus; Time Factors | 1999 |
Immunomodulatory effects of morphine withdrawal in the rat are time dependent and reversible by clonidine.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Clonidine; Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System; Immune System; Interferon-gamma; Killer Cells, Natural; Lymphocyte Activation; Male; Morphine; Pituitary-Adrenal System; Rats; Rats, Inbred Lew; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; T-Lymphocytes; Time Factors | 1999 |
Effects of intrathecal morphine, clonidine and baclofen on allodynia after partial sciatic nerve injury in the rat.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Clonidine; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; GABA Agonists; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sciatic Nerve | 1999 |
Antinociception by epidural and systemic alpha(2)-adrenoceptor agonists and their binding affinity in rat spinal cord and brain.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Algorithms; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Brain; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Heart Rate; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Morphine; Neurons; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord | 2000 |
Effects of intrathecal administration of ziconotide, a selective neuronal N-type calcium channel blocker, on mechanical allodynia and heat hyperalgesia in a rat model of postoperative pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Clonidine; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; omega-Conotoxins; Pain, Postoperative; Physical Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Diltiazem enhances the analgesic but not the respiratory depressant effects of morphine in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzimidazoles; Calcium Channel Blockers; Clonidine; Diltiazem; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Fentanyl; Heroin; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Nalbuphine; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Opioid; Respiration; Time Factors | 2000 |
Intestinal inflammation and morphine tolerance alter the interaction between morphine and clonidine on gastrointestinal transit in mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Clonidine; Croton Oil; Dermatologic Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Gastrointestinal Transit; Inflammation; Male; Mice; Morphine | 2000 |
Pharmacologic reversal of pertussis toxin-induced thermal allodynia in mice.
Topics: Animals; Carbamazepine; Clonidine; Desipramine; Dizocilpine Maleate; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Lidocaine; Male; Mice; Morphine; Oxymetazoline; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pertussis Toxin; Temperature; Virulence Factors, Bordetella | 2000 |
The efficacy and safety of epidural infusions of levobupivacaine with and without clonidine for postoperative pain relief in patients undergoing total hip replacement.
Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative | 2000 |
Differential effects of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides directed against g(zalpha) and g(oalpha) on antinociception produced by spinal opioid and alpha(2) adrenergic receptor agonists.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits; GTP-Binding Protein alpha Subunits, Gi-Go; Heterotrimeric GTP-Binding Proteins; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Spinal Cord | 2000 |
Moxonidine, a selective imidazoline-alpha2 -adrenergic receptor agonist, produces spinal synergistic antihyperalgesia with morphine in nerve-injured mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Hyperalgesia; Imidazoles; Male; Mice; Morphine; Peripheral Nerve Injuries | 2000 |
Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ) induces a quasi-morphine abstinence syndrome in the rat.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Nociceptin; Opioid Peptides; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2000 |
Differential actions of spinal analgesics on mono-versus polysynaptic Adelta-fibre-evoked field potentials in superficial spinal dorsal horn in vitro.
Topics: Action Potentials; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Cycloleucine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; In Vitro Techniques; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate; Receptors, Neurotransmitter; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission | 2000 |
Effect of chronic morphine treatment on alpha(2)-adrenoceptor mediated autoinhibition of transmitter release from sympathetic varicosities of the mouse vas deferens.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Axons; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Morphine; Muscle, Smooth; Neurotransmitter Agents; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Sympathetic Nervous System; Vas Deferens | 2001 |
Morphine and clonidine activate different K+ channels on rat amygdala neurons.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amygdala; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Idazoxan; Membrane Potentials; Morphine; Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Rats | 2001 |
[Prolonged spinal cord anesthesia with morphine and clofelin].
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Middle Aged; Morphine; Surgical Procedures, Operative; Time Factors | 2000 |
Effects of intrathecal morphine, baclofen, clonidine and R-PIA on the acute allodynia-like behaviours after spinal cord ischaemia in rats.
Topics: Adenosine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Baclofen; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Female; GABA Agonists; Injections, Spinal; Ischemia; Morphine; Neuralgia; Neuroprotective Agents; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sodium Chloride; Spinal Cord | 2001 |
Role of calcium channels in the spinal transmission of nociceptive information from the mesentery.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Calcium Channel Agonists; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Mesentery; Morphine; omega-Conotoxins; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Spinal Cord; Synaptic Transmission; Verapamil | 2001 |
Opposite effect of simple tetrahydroisoquinolines on amphetamine- and morphine-stimulated locomotor activity in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Amphetamine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Hyperkinesis; Isoquinolines; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Motor Activity; Neurotoxins; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Dopamine; Tetrahydroisoquinolines; Tritium | 2001 |
Intraventricular administration of morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Brain Neoplasms; Breast Neoplasms; Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell; Clonidine; Facial Pain; Female; Humans; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Pharyngeal Neoplasms | 2001 |
Intravenous clonidine use in a neonate experiencing opioid-induced myoclonus.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Gastroschisis; Humans; Infant; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Myoclonus; Pain | 2001 |
Reduced development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and clonidine in PKC gamma mutant mice.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Hyperalgesia; Isoenzymes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Mutant Strains; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain Measurement; Protein Kinase C | 2001 |
Noradrenaline in the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis is critical for stress-induced reactivation of morphine-conditioned place preference in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain; Clonidine; Conditioning, Psychological; Frontal Lobe; Hippocampus; Hypothalamus; Infusion Pumps; Injections, Intraventricular; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Oxidopamine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Septal Nuclei; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors | 2001 |
A role for spinal, but not supraspinal, alpha(2) adrenergic receptors in the actions of improgan, a powerful, non-opioid analgesic.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Cimetidine; Clonidine; Injections, Intraventricular; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Spinal Cord; Yohimbine | 2001 |
Co-release of noradrenaline and dopamine in the prefrontal cortex after acute morphine and during morphine withdrawal.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Clonidine; Dopamine; Dopamine Agonists; Extracellular Space; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Norepinephrine; Parietal Lobe; Prefrontal Cortex; Quinpirole; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Dopamine D2; Somatosensory Cortex; Time Factors; Ventral Tegmental Area | 2002 |
Dorsal and median raphe serotonergic system lesion does not alter the opiate withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: 5,7-Dihydroxytryptamine; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Biogenic Amines; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Opioid-Related Disorders; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Serotonin; Serotonin Agents; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Weight Loss | 2002 |
Lithium inhibits the development of physical dependence to clonidine in mice.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Lithium; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Substance-Related Disorders; Yohimbine | 2002 |
The interaction index: a measure of drug synergism.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Synergism; Models, Theoretical; Morphine; Pharmacology | 2002 |
Noradrenaline release in rat locus coeruleus is regulated by both opioid and alpha(2) -adrenoceptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Injections, Intraventricular; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Microdialysis; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Yohimbine | 2002 |
Continuous intraventricular clonidine infusion in controlled morphine withdrawal--case report.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Facial Pain; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2002 |
Blood pressure changes after intrathecal co-administration of calcium channel blockers with morphine or clonidine at the spinal level.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Blood Pressure; Calcium Channel Blockers; Calcium Channels, L-Type; Calcium Channels, N-Type; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Female; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; omega-Conotoxins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Spinal Cord; Verapamil | 2002 |
The role of alpha2-adrenoceptors in the modulatory effects of morphine on seizure susceptibility in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Clonidine; Differential Threshold; Disease Susceptibility; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Narcotics; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha; Seizures; Stress, Physiological; Yohimbine | 2002 |
Acute effects of aflatoxins on guinea pig isolated ileum.
Topics: Aflatoxins; Animals; Apamin; Atropine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Tetrodotoxin | 2002 |
Interactions of NMDA antagonists and an alpha 2 agonist with mu, delta and kappa opioids in an acute nociception assay.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzamides; Clonidine; Dextromethorphan; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Fentanyl; Ketamine; Male; Mice; Morphine; N-Methylaspartate; Pain; Pain Measurement; Piperazines; Reaction Time; Receptors, Opioid | 2002 |
Contribution of GIRK2-mediated postsynaptic signaling to opiate and alpha 2-adrenergic analgesia and analgesic sex differences.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Female; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; Ganglia, Spinal; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Pain; Pain Threshold; Potassium Channels; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Protein Subunits; Sex Characteristics; Signal Transduction; Spinal Cord; Synapses | 2003 |
Hemodynamic response to caudal epidural clonidine in a pediatric cardiac patient.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Female; Heart Ventricles; Hemodynamics; Humans; Morphine; Pulmonary Artery; Vascular Surgical Procedures | 2003 |
Comparison of morphine alone with morphine plus clonidine for postoperative patient-controlled analgesia.
Topics: Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Postoperative Care | 2003 |
Influence of prazosin and clonidine on morphine analgesia, tolerance and withdrawal in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain; Prazosin; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Weight Loss | 2003 |
[Clinial study of "qingjunyin" detoxification for the treatment of heroin addicts].
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Female; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Methadone; Morphine; Phytotherapy | 1997 |
Morphine state-dependent learning: interactions with alpha2-adrenoceptors and acute stress.
Topics: Acute Disease; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Male; Memory; Mice; Morphine; Narcotics; Reaction Time; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Restraint, Physical; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 2003 |
Comment on Zeitz, K.P., et al., Reduced development of tolerance to the analgesic effects of morphine and clonidine in PKC mutant mice, PAIN 94 (2002) 245-253.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Protein Kinase C | 2003 |
The contribution of alpha2-adrenoceptor and opioid receptor mechanisms to antinociception differs in Lewis and Fischer 344 rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Morphine; Naloxone; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Rats, Inbred Lew; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid; Species Specificity; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 2003 |
Stability and compatibility of morphine-clonidine admixtures in an implantable infusion system.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Incompatibility; Drug Stability; Drug Therapy, Combination; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Morphine; Pain | 2003 |
Allodynia after acute intrathecal morphine administration in a patient with neuropathic pain after spinal cord injury.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Aged; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Laminectomy; Lidocaine; Male; Morphine; Pain; Paraplegia; Spinal Cord Injuries | 2003 |
Chronically infused intrathecal morphine in dogs.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arousal; Behavior, Animal; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Heart Rate; Inflammation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Psychomotor Agitation; Psychomotor Performance; Respiratory Mechanics; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
Effects of imipramine on the expression and development of morphine dependence in mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Imipramine; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Phenylephrine; Prazosin; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Yohimbine | 2003 |
Sedative effects of morphine and clonidine.
Topics: Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Clonidine; Consciousness; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Research Design | 2003 |
Elevated startle during withdrawal from acute morphine: a model of opiate withdrawal and anxiety.
Topics: Acoustic Stimulation; Acute Disease; Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reflex, Startle; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Time Factors | 2004 |
Postoperative pain and analgesic responses are similar in male and female Sprague-Dawley rats.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Foot; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Male; Morphine; Neostigmine; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pain, Postoperative; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sex Factors | 2003 |
Epidural analgesia at end of life: facing empirical contraindications.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adult; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Colonic Neoplasms; Contraindications; Crohn Disease; Female; Humans; Infections; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Spinal Cord Diseases | 2003 |
Functional interactions between mu opioid and alpha 2A-adrenergic receptors.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Cell Line; Clonidine; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Humans; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2003 |
[Spinal anesthesia with morphine and clonidine].
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Anesthesia, Spinal; Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Narcotics | 2004 |
Spinal and supraspinal agmatine activate different receptors to enhance spinal morphine antinociception.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Agmatine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Injections, Spinal; Male; Mice; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Spinal Cord | 2003 |
[Long-term treatment of phantom- and stump pain with Botulinum toxin type A over 12 months. A first clinical observation].
Topics: Amputation Stumps; Amputation, Surgical; Botulinum Toxins, Type A; Clonidine; Humans; Injections, Intramuscular; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Myofascial Pain Syndromes; Pain; Phantom Limb; Treatment Outcome | 2004 |
Failed intrathecal analgesia following severe, terminal cancer pain.
Topics: Amines; Analgesics; Anesthetics, Local; Back Pain; Bupivacaine; Catheterization; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Ketamine; Melanoma; Middle Aged; Morphine; Severity of Illness Index; Skin Neoplasms; Spinal Cord Neoplasms; Terminal Care; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Treatment Failure | 2004 |
MD-354 potentiates the antinociceptive effect of clonidine in the mouse tail-flick but not hot-plate assay.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Benzamides; Binding, Competitive; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Guanidines; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Radioligand Assay; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT1A; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Serotonin | 2004 |
Correlation between withdrawal symptoms and medication pump residual volume in patients with implantable SynchroMed pumps.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Opioid; Baclofen; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Equipment Design; Equipment Failure; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Hydromorphone; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Muscle Spasticity; Neurologic Examination; Pain, Intractable; Quality of Life; Retrospective Studies; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2004 |
Pharmacological characterisation of the rat brachial plexus avulsion model of neuropathic pain.
Topics: Acetates; Amines; Analgesics; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Brachial Plexus; Brachial Plexus Neuropathies; Celecoxib; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Disease Models, Animal; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Male; Morphine; Neuralgia; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Pyrazoles; Radiculopathy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sulfonamides | 2004 |
Stability of admixture containing morphine sulfate, bupivacaine hydrochloride, and clonidine hydrochloride in an implantable infusion system.
Topics: Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Complex Mixtures; Drug Combinations; Drug Stability; Drug Storage; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain; Quality Assurance, Health Care | 2004 |
Antinociception depends on the presence of G protein gamma2-subunits in brain.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Benzoxazines; Brain; Clonidine; GTP-Binding Proteins; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Oligonucleotides, Antisense; Oligopeptides; Pain; Pain Measurement; Time Factors | 2005 |
Intrathecal catheter tip inflammatory mass: a failure of clonidine to protect.
Topics: Catheterization; Clonidine; Female; Granuloma; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Morphine | 2005 |
The antinociceptive effect of zolpidem and zopiclone in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic Agonists; Adrenergic Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Azabicyclo Compounds; Behavior, Animal; Benzamides; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Pain Measurement; Piperazines; Pyridines; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists; Serotonin Receptor Agonists; Zolpidem | 2005 |
Long-term intrathecal S(+)-ketamine in a patient with cancer-related neuropathic pain.
Topics: Analgesics; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Ketamine; Lumbar Vertebrae; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care; Spinal Neoplasms; Time Factors; Urethral Neoplasms | 2005 |
Anti-allodynic interactions between NMDA receptor channel blockers and morphine or clonidine in neuropathic rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclopentanes; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Memantine; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Sciatic Neuropathy | 2005 |
A pharmacological modulation of opiate withdrawal using an up-/down-regulation of the noradrenergic system in opiate-dependent rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Down-Regulation; Drug Interactions; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Up-Regulation; Yohimbine | 2006 |
The effect of paragigantocellularis lateralis lesion on conditioned place preference (CPP) in presence or absence of alpha2 adrenergic agonist (clonidine) in male rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Brain Stem; Clonidine; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Rats | 2006 |
Opioid self-administration in the nerve-injured rat: relevance of antiallodynic effects to drug consumption and effects of intrathecal analgesics.
Topics: Adenosine; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fentanyl; Heroin; Hydromorphone; Infusions, Intravenous; Injections, Spinal; Male; Methadone; Morphine; Neuralgia; Pain; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Self Administration | 2007 |
Clonidine attenuates morphine withdrawal and subsequent drug sensitization in rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Cocaine; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotics; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2007 |
Dragon's blood from Croton urucurana (Baill.) attenuates visceral nociception in mice.
Topics: Abdominal Pain; Acetylcysteine; Administration, Oral; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Capsaicin; Clonidine; Croton; Cyclophosphamide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Subcutaneous; Male; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pentobarbital; Plant Extracts; Sleep; Time Factors | 2007 |
Transient allodynia pain models in mice for early assessment of analgesic activity.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Dinoprostone; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Injections, Spinal; Male; Memantine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; N-Methylaspartate; Pain; Peripheral Nervous System; Phenylephrine; Piperazines; Prostaglandin Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; Receptors, Prostaglandin E; Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP1 Subtype; Reproducibility of Results; Spinal Cord; Spinal Nerves; Time Factors | 2008 |
Alpha-2 agonists decrease expression of morphine-induced conditioned place preference.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Conditioning, Operant; Male; Mice; Morphine; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Reward; Xylazine; Yohimbine | 2008 |
Quantitative trait locus and computational mapping identifies Kcnj9 (GIRK3) as a candidate gene affecting analgesia from multiple drug classes.
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Benzoxazines; Chromosome Mapping; Clonidine; Female; G Protein-Coupled Inwardly-Rectifying Potassium Channels; Gene Expression; Haplotypes; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred Strains; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Morpholines; Naphthalenes; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Pharmacogenetics; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Quantitative Trait Loci | 2008 |
Maternal satisfaction with single-dose spinal analgesia for labor pain in Indonesia: a landmark study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics; Anesthesia, Spinal; Benchmarking; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Indonesia; Labor Pain; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Patient Satisfaction; Pregnancy; Treatment Outcome | 2008 |
Stability and compatibility of drug mixtures in an implantable infusion system.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Interactions; Drug Stability; Humans; Hydromorphone; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Injections, Spinal; Morphine | 2008 |
Mechanisms of withdrawal-associated increases in heroin self-administration: pharmacologic modulation of heroin vs food choice in heroin-dependent rhesus monkeys.
Topics: Adrenergic Agents; Adrenergic Agonists; Amphetamine; Animals; Behavior, Addictive; Choice Behavior; Clonidine; Dopamine Agents; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food; Heroin; Heroin Dependence; Macaca mulatta; Male; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Pyrimidines; Pyrroles; Receptors, Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone; Self Administration; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2009 |
Dexmedetomidine and ST-91 analgesia in the formalin model is mediated by alpha2A-adrenoceptors: a mechanism of action distinct from morphine.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Formaldehyde; Gene Expression Regulation; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Posterior Horn Cells; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Neurokinin-1; Substance P | 2008 |
Management of a super-morbidly obese parturient requiring caesarean delivery (again!).
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Conduction; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Anesthetics, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Local; Bupivacaine; Cardiotonic Agents; Cesarean Section, Repeat; Clonidine; Female; Fentanyl; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Morphine; Obesity, Morbid; Phenylephrine; Pregnancy | 2008 |
Determination of adrenergic and imidazoline receptor involvement in augmentation of morphine and oxycodone analgesia by clonidine and BMS182874.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Area Under Curve; Clonidine; Dansyl Compounds; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Synergism; Idazoxan; Imidazoline Receptors; Male; Morphine; Oxycodone; Pain; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Time Factors; Yohimbine | 2009 |
p38 MAPK and beta-arrestin 2 mediate functional interactions between endogenous micro-opioid and alpha2A-adrenergic receptors in neurons.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arrestins; beta-Arrestin 2; beta-Arrestins; Calcium; Cells, Cultured; Clonidine; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Ganglia, Spinal; Ion Channel Gating; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Neurons; Neurotransmitter Agents; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Protein Transport; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2009 |
Induced hypothermia for infants with hypoxic- ischemic encephalopathy using a servo-controlled fan: an exploratory pilot study.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anticonvulsants; Asphyxia Neonatorum; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cost-Benefit Analysis; Developing Countries; Electroencephalography; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Heart Rate; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Male; Morphine; Neurologic Examination; Pilot Projects; Rewarming; Shivering; South Africa; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
The antinociceptive properties of reboxetine in acute pain.
Topics: Adrenergic Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Drug Interactions; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Morpholines; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Pain; Reboxetine; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2009 |
Interaction of morphine but not fentanyl with cerebral alpha2-adrenoceptors in alpha2-adrenoceptor knockout mice.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Autoradiography; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Clonidine; Drug Partial Agonism; Female; Fentanyl; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Morphine; Naloxone; Radioligand Assay; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid, mu | 2009 |
Examination of reinforcement magnitude on the pharmacological disruption of fixed-ratio performance.
Topics: Animals; Chlordiazepoxide; Clonidine; Cocaine; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Ethanol; Extinction, Psychological; Food Deprivation; Haloperidol; Morphine; Reinforcement Schedule; Reinforcement, Psychology; Time Factors | 2009 |
Effect of Crocus sativus L. (saffron) stigma and its constituents, crocin and safranal, on morphine withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: Animals; Carotenoids; Clonidine; Crocus; Cyclohexenes; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Motor Activity; Naloxone; Plant Extracts; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome; Terpenes | 2010 |
Treatment of neonatal abstinence syndrome with clonidine and chloral hydrate.
Topics: Blood Pressure; Chloral Hydrate; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant, Newborn; Length of Stay; Methadone; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Phenobarbital; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Treatment Outcome | 2010 |
Might adrenergic alpha2C-agonists/alpha2A-antagonists become novel therapeutic tools for pain treatment with morphine?
Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Adrenergic alpha-Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; CHO Cells; Clonidine; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Discovery; Humans; Imidazoles; Morphine; Pain; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2 | 2009 |
Precipitated and conditioned withdrawal in morphine-treated rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Clonidine; Conditioning, Classical; Male; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2010 |
[Withdrawal in a patient with an implantable drug delivery system in spite of continuation of opiate therapy].
Topics: Adult; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Combinations; Drug Synergism; Humans; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Male; Morphine; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2010 |
alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-Adrenoceptor hyporesponsiveness in isolated bisected vas deferens of bile duct-ligated rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Bile Ducts, Extrahepatic; Cholestasis, Extrahepatic; Clonidine; Electric Stimulation; In Vitro Techniques; Ligation; Male; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Naloxone; Phenylephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Vas Deferens; Yohimbine | 2010 |
Fruitful adrenergic α(2C)-agonism/α(2A)-antagonism combination to prevent and contrast morphine tolerance and dependence.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Allyl Compounds; Analgesics; Animals; CHO Cells; Clonidine; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Drug Partial Agonism; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Imidazolines; Male; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Stereoisomerism; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2010 |
Case scenario: self-extraction of intrathecal pump medication with a concomitant intrathecal granulomatous mass.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Administration, Cutaneous; Adult; Analgesics; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Spinal; Back Pain; Chronic Disease; Clonazepam; Clonidine; Female; Fentanyl; GABA Modulators; Granuloma; Humans; Hydrocodone; Infusion Pumps, Implantable; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Vertebroplasty | 2011 |
Study of adrenergic, imidazoline, and endothelin receptors in clonidine-, morphine-, and oxycodone-induced changes in rat body temperature.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Body Temperature; Body Temperature Regulation; Brain; Clonidine; Dansyl Compounds; Drug Synergism; Endothelin A Receptor Antagonists; Idazoxan; Imidazoline Receptors; Male; Morphine; Oxycodone; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Endothelin A; Yohimbine | 2011 |
The effect of intrathecal mu, delta, kappa, and alpha-2 agonists on thermal hyperalgesia induced by mild burn on hind paw in rats.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Burns; Clonidine; Enkephalin, D-Penicillamine (2,5)-; Hyperalgesia; Male; Morphine; Pain Threshold; Random Allocation; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Opioid, delta; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Spinal Cord | 2011 |
Multimodal analgesia including infraclavicular block in perioperative management of upper extremity amputation in neonate.
Topics: Acetaminophen; Amputation, Surgical; Analgesia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, General; Anesthetics, Local; Arm; Brachial Plexus; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Morphine; Necrosis; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Perioperative Care; Ultrasonography | 2011 |
The antinociceptive activity of intrathecally administered amiloride and its interactions with morphine and clonidine in rats.
Topics: Amiloride; Analgesics; Animals; Area Under Curve; Blood Pressure; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Heart Rate; Hyperalgesia; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Motor Activity; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reaction Time; Sodium Channel Blockers; Time Factors | 2012 |
Effect of linalool on morphine tolerance and dependence in mice.
Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Monoterpenes; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Pain Measurement | 2012 |
Ankle joint mobilization affects postoperative pain through peripheral and central adenosine A1 receptors.
Topics: Adenosine; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Ankle Joint; Caffeine; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Fenclonine; Hyperalgesia; Male; Mice; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Receptor, Adenosine A1; Xanthines; Yohimbine | 2013 |
Stereo-selective inhibition of spinal morphine tolerance and hyperalgesia by an ultra-low dose of the alpha-2-adrenoceptor antagonist efaroxan.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Analgesics; Animals; Benzofurans; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Hot Temperature; Hyperalgesia; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Touch | 2013 |
Effect of cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the induction and expression of morphine tolerance and dependence in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Tolerance; Male; Memantine; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Pain; Vitamin B 12 | 2014 |
Influence of clonidine and ketamine on m-RNA expression in a model of opioid-induced hyperalgesia in mice.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Arrestins; beta-Arrestin 2; beta-Arrestins; Brain; Clonidine; Disease Models, Animal; Gene Expression Regulation; Hyperalgesia; Ketamine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Morphine; Pain; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate; RNA, Messenger | 2013 |
In vitro stability of low-concentration ziconotide alone or in admixtures in intrathecal pumps.
Topics: Amides; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Interactions; In Vitro Techniques; Infusion Pumps; Morphine; omega-Conotoxins; Ropivacaine; Temperature | 2014 |
Adjunctive therapy for neonatal opioid dependence: do we really know what's best?
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Phenobarbital | 2014 |
Adjunctive therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome: why not personalize it for each infant based on their in-utero exposure?
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Phenobarbital | 2014 |
Breathing and temperature control disrupted by morphine and stabilized by clonidine in neonatal rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Animals; Animals, Newborn; Body Temperature; Carbon Dioxide; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hypothermia; Morphine; Narcotics; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Respiration; Respiratory Insufficiency; Time Factors | 2014 |
Enteral absorption and haemodynamic response of clonidine in infants post-cardiac surgery.
Topics: Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Heart Defects, Congenital; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Intestinal Absorption; Intubation, Gastrointestinal; Models, Biological; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Postoperative Care; Postoperative Period | 2014 |
Reinforcer magnitude and rate dependency: evaluation of resistance-to-change mechanisms.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Columbidae; Conditioning, Operant; Extinction, Psychological; Haloperidol; Male; Morphine; Reinforcement Schedule | 2014 |
Analgesia, enhancement of spinal morphine antinociception, and inhibition of tolerance by ultra-low dose of the α2A-adrenoceptor selective antagonist BRL44408.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Analgesia; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Imidazoles; Injections, Spinal; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Pain; Pain Management; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, Adrenergic | 2014 |
Morphine and clonidine combination therapy improves therapeutic window in mice: synergy in antinociceptive but not in sedative or cardiovascular effects.
Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Spinal; Mice; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Receptors, Opioid | 2014 |
Determination of pharmacological interactions of uliginosin B, a natural phloroglucinol derivative, with amitriptyline, clonidine and morphine by isobolographic analysis.
Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Synergism; Hypericum; Male; Mice; Morphine; Pain; Phloroglucinol; Plant Components, Aerial | 2014 |
Influence of morphine on medial prefrontal cortex alpha2 adrenergic system in passive avoidance learning in rats.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists; Amnesia; Animals; Avoidance Learning; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Imidazoles; Male; Microinjections; Morphine; Prefrontal Cortex; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Yohimbine | 2015 |
Spontaneous withdrawal in intermittent morphine administration in rats and mice: effect of clonidine coadministration and sex-related differences.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Administration Schedule; Female; Grooming; Male; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotic Antagonists; Rats, Wistar; Sex Factors; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2015 |
Clonidine as a First-Line Sedative Agent After Neonatal Cardiac Surgery: Retrospective Cohort Study.
Topics: Analgesics; Blood Pressure; Cardiac Surgical Procedures; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Heart Rate; Hemodynamics; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Morphine; Postoperative Period; Retrospective Studies | 2016 |
Continuous chest wall ropivacaine infusion for analgesia in children undergoing Nuss procedure: a comparison with thoracic epidural.
Topics: Adolescent; Amides; Amines; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia, Epidural; Anesthetics, Local; Clonidine; Combined Modality Therapy; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Female; Funnel Chest; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Infusions, Parenteral; Male; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Retrospective Studies; Ropivacaine; Thoracic Wall | 2016 |
Identification of Drugs in Parenteral Pharmaceutical Preparations from a Quality Assurance and a Diversion Program by Direct Analysis in Real-Time AccuTOFTM-Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS).
Topics: Amides; Analgesics; Anesthetics; Baclofen; Bupivacaine; Caffeine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clonidine; Dexamethasone; Ephedrine; Fentanyl; Heparin; Hydromorphone; Ketamine; Mass Spectrometry; Methadone; Midazolam; Morphine; Oxytocin; Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; Phenylephrine; Ropivacaine; Succinylcholine | 2016 |
Correspondence in relation to article by Carvalho FA et al. "randomized study of postcesarean analgesia with intrathecal morphine alone or combined with clonidine".
Topics: Analgesia; Clonidine; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain Management; Pain, Postoperative | 2017 |
Reply to the correspondence in relation to the article "Randomized study of post-cesarean analgesia with intrathecal morphine alone or combined with clonidine".
Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Cesarean Section; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Pregnancy | 2017 |
A highly sensitive method for the simultaneous UHPLC-MS/MS analysis of clonidine, morphine, midazolam and their metabolites in blood plasma using HFIP as the eluent additive.
Topics: Analgesics; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clonidine; Humans; Limit of Detection; Midazolam; Morphine; Propanols; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2017 |
Car8 dorsal root ganglion expression and genetic regulation of analgesic responses are associated with a cis-eQTL in mice.
Topics: 3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer; Analgesics; Animals; Biomarkers, Tumor; Calcium; Clonidine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Ganglia, Spinal; Gene Expression Regulation; Genetic Variation; Genome-Wide Association Study; Male; Mice; Morphine; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Pain Measurement; Pharmacogenomic Variants; Quantitative Trait Loci; Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid | 2017 |
Multimodal intrathecal analgesia in refractory cancer pain.
Topics: Aged; Analgesics; Bupivacaine; Cancer Pain; Chronic Pain; Clonidine; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Injections, Spinal; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Retrospective Studies; Stress, Psychological; Terminal Care; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Comparison of outcomes between morphine and concomitant morphine and clonidine treatments for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Retrospective Studies | 2019 |
Attenuation of Morphine Withdrawal Syndrome by Prosopis Farcta Extract and Its Bioactive Component Luteolin in Comparison with Clonidine in Rats.
Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clonidine; Luteolin; Male; Morphine; Plant Extracts; Prosopis; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2018 |
Effect of opioid-free anaesthesia on postoperative epidural ropivacaine requirement after thoracic surgery: A retrospective unmatched case-control study.
Topics: Aged; Analgesia, Epidural; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics, Local; Case-Control Studies; Clonidine; Female; Humans; Injections, Intravenous; Ketamine; Lidocaine; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Retrospective Studies; Ropivacaine; Thoracic Surgical Procedures; Thoracotomy; Time Factors | 2019 |
The Effectiveness of α2 Agonists As Sedatives in Pediatric Critical Care: A Propensity Score-Matched Cohort Study.
Topics: Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists; Analgesics, Opioid; Clinical Protocols; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Equivalence Trials as Topic; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Intensive Care Units, Pediatric; Male; Midazolam; Morphine; Propensity Score; Respiration, Artificial; Retrospective Studies; Single-Blind Method; Time Factors | 2019 |
Racial association and pharmacotherapy in neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome.
Topics: Analgesics; Black or African American; Clonidine; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Opioid-Related Disorders; Patient Acuity; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Propensity Score; Retrospective Studies; White People | 2019 |
Evaluation of Gabapentin and Clonidine Use in Children Following Spinal Fusion Surgery for Idiopathic Scoliosis: A Retrospective Review.
Topics: Adolescent; Analgesia, Patient-Controlled; Analgesics, Opioid; Child; Clonidine; Female; Gabapentin; Humans; Length of Stay; Male; Morphine; Pain Management; Pain, Postoperative; Retrospective Studies; Scoliosis; Spinal Fusion | 2019 |
The role of Smyrnium cordifolium Boiss extract and curzerene on withdrawal syndrome in mice.
Topics: Animals; Apiaceae; Clonidine; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Locomotion; Male; Mice; Morphine; Plant Extracts; Sesquiterpenes; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2019 |
Clonidine versus phenobarbital as adjunctive therapy for neonatal abstinence syndrome.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Length of Stay; Methadone; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Phenobarbital; Prospective Studies | 2020 |
Phenobarbital and Clonidine as Secondary Medications for Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome.
Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Clonidine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Therapy, Combination; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Length of Stay; Linear Models; Male; Morphine; Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Phenobarbital; Retrospective Studies | 2021 |
[Intracerebroventricular infusion of morphine, bupivacaine and clonidine for the management of refractory neoplasic pain in a palliative care setting : a case report].
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Humans; Infusions, Intraventricular; Male; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Pain, Postoperative; Palliative Care | 2021 |
Clonidine for sedation in infants during therapeutic hypothermia with neonatal encephalopathy: pilot study.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Hypothermia, Induced; Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Morphine; Pilot Projects; Prospective Studies | 2022 |
Use of continuous infusion of clonidine for sedation in critically ill infants and children.
Topics: Bradycardia; Child, Preschool; Clonidine; Critical Care; Critical Illness; Female; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Infant; Infusions, Intravenous; Male; Midazolam; Morphine; Respiratory Insufficiency; Retrospective Studies | 2022 |
Effects of opioid-free anesthesia on postoperative morphine consumption after bariatric surgery.
Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Bariatric Surgery; Clonidine; Dexmedetomidine; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Postoperative; Retrospective Studies | 2022 |
Effect of oxytocin pretreatment on the development of morphine tolerance and dependence in rats.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Drug Tolerance; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Naloxone; Oxytocin; Rats; Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome | 2022 |
Stability of Morphine Sulfate-Clonidine and Sufentanil-Clonidine Mixtures.
Topics: Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Pain; Polypropylenes; Sufentanil | 2023 |
Multimodal intrathecal analgesia (MITA) with morphine for reducing postoperative opioid use and acute pain following hepato-pancreato-biliary surgery: A multicenter retrospective study.
Topics: Acute Pain; Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Bupivacaine; Clonidine; Humans; Morphine; Opioid-Related Disorders; Prospective Studies; Retrospective Studies | 2023 |
Extinction and reinstatement of methamphetamine-induced conditioned place preference in zebrafish.
Topics: Animals; Clonidine; Extinction, Psychological; Methamphetamine; Morphine; Naltrexone; Recurrence; Zebrafish | 2023 |