clomipramine and morphine

clomipramine has been researched along with morphine in 48 studies

Research

Studies (48)

TimeframeStudies, this research(%)All Research%
pre-199025 (52.08)18.7374
1990's7 (14.58)18.2507
2000's9 (18.75)29.6817
2010's7 (14.58)24.3611
2020's0 (0.00)2.80

Authors

AuthorsStudies
Creveling, CR; Daly, JW; Lewandowski, GA; McNeal, ET1
Topliss, JG; Yoshida, F1
Gao, F; Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Shalaeva, MY1
Chang, TK; Ensom, MH; Kiang, TK1
Lombardo, F; Obach, RS; Waters, NJ1
Ahlin, G; Artursson, P; Bergström, CA; Gustavsson, L; Karlsson, J; Larsson, R; Matsson, P; Norinder, U; Pedersen, JM1
García-Mera, X; González-Díaz, H; Prado-Prado, FJ1
Afshari, CA; Eschenberg, M; Hamadeh, HK; Lee, PH; Lightfoot-Dunn, R; Morgan, RE; Qualls, CW; Ramachandran, B; Trauner, M; van Staden, CJ1
Alelyunas, YW; Bui, K; Empfield, JR; McCarthy, D; Pelosi-Kilby, L; Shen, C; Spreen, RC1
Bellman, K; Knegtel, RM; Settimo, L1
Chen, M; Hu, C; Suzuki, A; Thakkar, S; Tong, W; Yu, K1
Balsara, JJ; Chandorkar, AG; Jadhav, JH; Muley, MP1
Lee, RL; Spencer, PS2
Lee, R; Spencer, PS1
Kunihara, M; Nakano, M; Ohyama, M1
Blanchi, M; De Conno, F; Panerai, AE; Ripamonti, C; Sacerdote, P; Ventafridda, V; Zecca, E1
Gurtu, S1
Goldstein, FJ; Malseed, RT; Nutz, JF1
Ansuategui, M; Feria, M; Naharro, L1
Goldstein, FJ; Kellstein, DE; Malseed, RT; Ossipov, MH1
Civiale, MA; Eschalier, A; Fialip, J; Makambila, MC; Marty, H1
Blanc, M; Cotonat, J; Gaillard, G; Guiol, C; Montastruc, JL; Montastruc, P; Tran, MA1
Eschalier, A; Fialip, J; Makambila, MC; Varoquaux, O1
Abate, C; Amantea, B; Belfiore, F; Brando, G; Celano, S; Celentano, L; Cuocolo, R; Orlando, C; Santangelo, E; Savoia, G1
Panerai, AE1
Hole, K; Hunskaar, S; Rosland, JH1
Giachetti, D; Taddei, E; Taddei, I1
Devoize, JL; Eschalier, A; Fialip, J; Makambila, MC; Rigal, F; Varoquaux, O1
Goodlet, I; Sugrue, MF1
Kocher, R; Rohrer, G1
Goldstein, FJ; Kellstein, DE; Malseed, RT1
Hagan, RM; Hughes, IE1
Lee, RL; Sewell, RD1
Evans, G; Groom, GV1
Devoize, JL; Eschalier, A; Gaillard-Plaza, G; Montastruc, JL; Pechadre, JC; Rigal, F1
Scuvée-Moreau, JJ; Svensson, TH1
Devoize, JL; Eschalier, A; Grillon, C; Rigal, F; Trolese, JF1
Andreas, K; Engert, U; Fischer, HD1
Mendez, M; Miranda, HF; Pinardi, G; Sierralta, F1
Bartolini, A; Galeotti, N; Ghelardini, C1
Estève, M; Queinnec, MC; Vedrenne, J1
Ardid, D; Boucher, M; Coudoré-Civiale, MA; Courteix, C; Eschalier, A; Fialip, J; Méen, M1
Alliot, J; Eschalier, A; Gaulier, JM; Jourdan, D; Marchand, F; Pickering, G1
Cornblath, DD; Duhmke, RM; Hollingshead, JR1
Cornblath, DR; Dühmke, RM; Hollingshead, J1
Fujimoto, Y; Funao, T; Mori, T; Nishikawa, K; Suehiro, K; Yamada, T1
Aldington, D; Derry, S; Moore, RA; Wiffen, PJ1

Reviews

6 review(s) available for clomipramine and morphine

ArticleYear
UDP-glucuronosyltransferases and clinical drug-drug interactions.
    Pharmacology & therapeutics, 2005, Volume: 106, Issue:1

    Topics: Clinical Trials as Topic; Drug Interactions; Enzyme Activation; Enzyme Induction; Glucuronides; Glucuronosyltransferase; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Polymorphism, Genetic

2005
DILIrank: the largest reference drug list ranked by the risk for developing drug-induced liver injury in humans.
    Drug discovery today, 2016, Volume: 21, Issue:4

    Topics: Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Databases, Factual; Drug Labeling; Humans; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Risk

2016
Positive effect of regional analgesia (RA) in terminal stage paediatric chondrosarcoma: a case report and the review of the literature.
    Pain, 1999, Volume: 83, Issue:2

    Topics: Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Analgesia, Epidural; Catheters, Indwelling; Child; Chondrosarcoma; Clomipramine; Clonazepam; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Pelvic Neoplasms; Terminal Care

1999
Tramadol for neuropathic pain.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2004, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Clomipramine; Humans; Morphine; Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Tramadol

2004
Tramadol for neuropathic pain.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2006, Jul-19, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Clomipramine; Humans; Morphine; Nervous System Diseases; Pain; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Tramadol

2006
Nortriptyline for neuropathic pain in adults.
    The Cochrane database of systematic reviews, 2015, Jan-08, Volume: 1

    Topics: Amines; Amitriptyline; Analgesics; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids; Gabapentin; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Humans; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neuralgia; Nortriptyline; Pregabalin; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

2015

Trials

1 trial(s) available for clomipramine and morphine

ArticleYear
[Treatment of severe chronic pains with a combination of thymoleptics and neuroleptics (author's transl)].
    Schweizerische Rundschau fur Medizin Praxis = Revue suisse de medecine Praxis, 1974, Dec-31, Volume: 63, Issue:52

    Topics: Adult; Antidepressive Agents; Atropine; Chlorpromazine; Clinical Trials as Topic; Clomipramine; Drug Combinations; Female; Haloperidol; Humans; Imipramine; Male; Methotrimeprazine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain; Papaverine; Tranquilizing Agents

1974

Other Studies

41 other study(ies) available for clomipramine and morphine

ArticleYear
[3H]Batrachotoxinin A 20 alpha-benzoate binding to voltage-sensitive sodium channels: a rapid and quantitative assay for local anesthetic activity in a variety of drugs.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 1985, Volume: 28, Issue:3

    Topics: Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Batrachotoxins; Calcium Channel Blockers; Cyclic AMP; Guinea Pigs; Histamine H1 Antagonists; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Neurotoxins; Sodium; Tranquilizing Agents; Tritium

1985
QSAR model for drug human oral bioavailability.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2000, Jun-29, Volume: 43, Issue:13

    Topics: Administration, Oral; Biological Availability; Humans; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Structure-Activity Relationship

2000
Prediction of human volume of distribution values for neutral and basic drugs. 2. Extended data set and leave-class-out statistics.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2004, Feb-26, Volume: 47, Issue:5

    Topics: Algorithms; Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Models, Biological; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding; Statistics as Topic; Tissue Distribution

2004
Trend analysis of a database of intravenous pharmacokinetic parameters in humans for 670 drug compounds.
    Drug metabolism and disposition: the biological fate of chemicals, 2008, Volume: 36, Issue:7

    Topics: Blood Proteins; Half-Life; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Infusions, Intravenous; Pharmacokinetics; Protein Binding

2008
Structural requirements for drug inhibition of the liver specific human organic cation transport protein 1.
    Journal of medicinal chemistry, 2008, Oct-09, Volume: 51, Issue:19

    Topics: Cell Line; Computer Simulation; Drug Design; Gene Expression Profiling; Humans; Hydrogen Bonding; Liver; Molecular Weight; Organic Cation Transporter 1; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Predictive Value of Tests; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Structure-Activity Relationship

2008
Multi-target spectral moment QSAR versus ANN for antiparasitic drugs against different parasite species.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry, 2010, Mar-15, Volume: 18, Issue:6

    Topics: Antiparasitic Agents; Molecular Structure; Neural Networks, Computer; Parasitic Diseases; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Species Specificity; Thermodynamics

2010
Interference with bile salt export pump function is a susceptibility factor for human liver injury in drug development.
    Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology, 2010, Volume: 118, Issue:2

    Topics: Animals; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 11; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Biological Assay; Biological Transport; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Chemical and Drug Induced Liver Injury; Cytoplasmic Vesicles; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Humans; Liver; Rats; Reproducibility of Results; Spodoptera; Transfection; Xenobiotics

2010
Experimental solubility profiling of marketed CNS drugs, exploring solubility limit of CNS discovery candidate.
    Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters, 2010, Dec-15, Volume: 20, Issue:24

    Topics: Central Nervous System Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility

2010
Comparison of the accuracy of experimental and predicted pKa values of basic and acidic compounds.
    Pharmaceutical research, 2014, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Forecasting; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Random Allocation

2014
Effect of drugs influencing central 5-hydroxytryptaminergic mechanisms on morphine-induced catalepsy in the rat.
    The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1979, Volume: 31, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Catalepsy; Central Nervous System; Clomipramine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Methysergide; Morphine; Quipazine; Rats; Serotonin; Time Factors; Tryptophan

1979
The effect of clomipramine and other amine-uptake inhibitors on morphine analgesia in laboratory animals.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 1977, Volume: 53 Suppl 4

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Chlorpromazine; Clomipramine; Dibenzazepines; Dibenzocycloheptenes; Drug Synergism; Drug Tolerance; Male; Maprotiline; Mice; Morphine; Pentazocine; Phenyl Ethers; Proadifen; Propylamines; Quipazine; Rats

1977
Antidepressants and pain: a review of the pharmacological data supporting the use of certain tricyclics in chronic pain.
    The Journal of international medical research, 1977, Volume: 5, Issue:1 Suppl

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Central Nervous System; Chronic Disease; Clomipramine; Humans; Maprotiline; Morphine; Pain; Rats; Serotonin

1977
Central monoaminergic mechanisms in mice and analgesic activity of spiradoline mesylate, a selective kappa-opioid receptor agonist.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1992, Apr-22, Volume: 214, Issue:2-3

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Clomipramine; Desipramine; Fenclonine; Imipramine; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Phenoxybenzamine; Pyrrolidines; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, kappa; Reserpine; Serotonin

1992
Studies on the effects of antidepressant drugs on the antinociceptive action of morphine and on plasma morphine in rat and man.
    Pain, 1990, Volume: 43, Issue:2

    Topics: Amitriptyline; Analgesia; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Morphine; Nortriptyline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Trazodone

1990
Mu receptor-serotonin link in opioid induced hyperactivity in mice.
    Life sciences, 1990, Volume: 46, Issue:21

    Topics: Animals; Clomipramine; Cyproheptadine; Fenfluramine; Fentanyl; Mice; Morphine; Motor Activity; Narcotics; Pentazocine; Premedication; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Opioid, mu; Receptors, Serotonin; Serotonin Antagonists

1990
Effects of chronic clomipramine on central DADLE antinociception.
    Pain, 1990, Volume: 42, Issue:3

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clomipramine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Injections; Male; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Reaction Time; Time Factors

1990
Noradrenergic and opioidergic influences on the antinociceptive effect of clomipramine in the formalin test in rats.
    Psychopharmacology, 1989, Volume: 98, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clomipramine; Endorphins; Female; Formaldehyde; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Pain Measurement; Phentolamine; Prazosin; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Yohimbine

1989
Effect of chronic treatment with tricyclic antidepressants upon antinociception induced by intrathecal injection of morphine and monoamines.
    Neuropharmacology, 1988, Volume: 27, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Desipramine; Drug Interactions; Fluoxetine; Male; Morphine; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin; Time Factors

1988
Pharmacokinetic patterns of repeated administration of antidepressants in animals. II. Their relevance in a study of the influence of clomipramine on morphine analgesia in mice.
    The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1989, Volume: 248, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clomipramine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Male; Mice; Morphine

1989
[Effects of a morphine-clomipramine combination on a test of experimental analgesia].
    Revue neurologique, 1985, Volume: 141, Issue:10

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clomipramine; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Male; Morphine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid

1985
Study of the clomipramine-morphine interaction in the forced swimming test in mice.
    Psychopharmacology, 1987, Volume: 93, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Clomipramine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Male; Mice; Morphine; Physical Exertion; Swimming

1987
[Potentiating drugs in postoperative pain control with opiates for patient controlled analgesia].
    Minerva anestesiologica, 1988, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesia; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Benzamides; Benzodiazepines; Buprenorphine; Clomipramine; Drug Synergism; Humans; Morphine; Naproxen; Nordazepam; Pain, Postoperative; Patients; Trazodone

1988
[Potentiation concept in pharmacology].
    Minerva anestesiologica, 1988, Volume: 54, Issue:4

    Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Baclofen; Clomipramine; Diazepam; Drug Synergism; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fentanyl; Humans; Morphine; Nimodipine; Pain; Proglumide; Rats

1988
Modification of the antinociceptive effect of morphine by acute and chronic administration of clomipramine in mice.
    Pain, 1988, Volume: 33, Issue:3

    Topics: Animals; Body Temperature; Clomipramine; Drug Synergism; Formaldehyde; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain Measurement; Time Factors

1988
[Pharmacological action of morphine in the rat chronically treated with clomipramine].
    Bollettino della Societa italiana di biologia sperimentale, 1986, Jul-30, Volume: 62, Issue:7

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Drug Interactions; Morphine; Motor Activity; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains

1986
Chronic administration of clomipramine inhibits morphine hot plate analgesia.
    Life sciences, 1986, Mar-24, Volume: 38, Issue:12

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Brain; Clomipramine; Hot Temperature; Mice; Morphine

1986
Effect of acutely administered analgesic drugs on rat brain serotonin turnover.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1974, Volume: 29, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Clomipramine; Dopamine; Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid; Kinetics; Male; Meperidine; Methadone; Morphine; Naloxone; Nialamide; Norepinephrine; Pargyline; Pentazocine; Rats; Serotonin; Stimulation, Chemical; Tranylcypromine; Tryptophan

1974
Contrasting effects of acute vs. chronic tricyclic antidepressant treatment on central morphine analgesia.
    Pain, 1984, Volume: 20, Issue:4

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Clomipramine; Desipramine; Male; Morphine; Pain; Periaqueductal Gray; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Serotonin; Time Factors

1984
Opioid receptor sub-types involved in the control of transmitter release in cortex of the brain of the rat.
    Neuropharmacology, 1984, Volume: 23, Issue:5

    Topics: Animals; beta-Lipotropin; Cerebral Cortex; Clomipramine; Edetic Acid; Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-; Enkephalin, Leucine; Enkephalin, Leucine-2-Alanine; Estradiol; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Morphine; Morphine Derivatives; Naloxone; Narcotics; Neurotransmitter Agents; Norepinephrine; Peptide Fragments; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Serotonin

1984
Opiate receptors, endorphins and drug therapy.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 1980, Volume: 56 Suppl 1

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clomipramine; Cyproheptadine; Drug Interactions; Endorphins; Enkephalins; Mice; Morphine; Raphe Nuclei; Rats; Receptors, Opioid; Reserpine; Serotonin

1980
The interrelationship between hormones, psychotropic drugs and the opiate receptor--a pilot study.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 1980, Volume: 56 Suppl 1

    Topics: Animals; Clomipramine; Corticosterone; Endorphins; Gonadotropins, Pituitary; Luteinizing Hormone; Male; Morphine; Naloxone; Organ Culture Techniques; Pituitary Gland, Anterior; Prolactin; Rats; Receptors, Opioid

1980
Influence of naloxone and methysergide on the analgesic effect of clomipramine in rats.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1981, Aug-27, Volume: 74, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesics; Animals; Clomipramine; Male; Methysergide; Morphine; Naloxone; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Opioid; Receptors, Serotonin

1981
Sensitivity in vivo of central alpha 2- and opiate receptors after chronic treatment with various antidepressants.
    Journal of neural transmission, 1982, Volume: 54, Issue:1-2

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents; Brompheniramine; Chlorpromazine; Clomipramine; Clonidine; Desipramine; Evoked Potentials; Imipramine; Iprindole; Locus Coeruleus; Male; Mianserin; Morphine; Neural Inhibition; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic; Receptors, Opioid; Zimeldine

1982
Morphine pretreatment reduces clomipramine effect in mouse forced-swimming test.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1983, Aug-05, Volume: 91, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Clomipramine; Drug Interactions; Humans; Male; Mice; Morphine; Stress, Psychological; Swimming

1983
Effect of tricyclic antidepressants on analgesic activity in laboratory animals.
    Postgraduate medical journal, 1980, Volume: 56 Suppl 1

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Drug Interactions; Drug Tolerance; Humans; Male; Maprotiline; Mice; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Narcotic Antagonists; Pentazocine; Rats; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome

1980
[Effect of psychodrugs on morphine effectivity (author's transl)].
    Acta biologica et medica Germanica, 1980, Volume: 39, Issue:8-9

    Topics: Analgesia; Animals; Apomorphine; Clomipramine; Haloperidol; Male; Mice; Morphine; Time Factors

1980
Interaction of opioids with antidepressant-induced antinociception.
    Psychopharmacology, 1995, Volume: 122, Issue:4

    Topics: Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Second-Generation; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Drug Combinations; Female; Imipramine; Male; Maprotiline; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Naltrexone; Narcotic Antagonists; Narcotics; Pain Measurement; Random Allocation; Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors; Zimeldine

1995
Effect of pertussis toxin on morphine, diphenhydramine, baclofen, clomipramine and physostigmine antinociception.
    European journal of pharmacology, 1996, Jul-18, Volume: 308, Issue:2

    Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Baclofen; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Clomipramine; Diphenhydramine; Drug Antagonism; GABA Agonists; Histamine H1 Antagonists; Injections, Intraventricular; Male; Mice; Morphine; Pain Measurement; Pertussis Toxin; Physostigmine; Virulence Factors, Bordetella

1996
Potentiation of morphine and clomipramine analgesia by cholecystokinin -B antagonist CI-988 in diabetic rats.
    Neuroscience letters, 2000, May-26, Volume: 286, Issue:1

    Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Anxiety Agents; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic; Clomipramine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Disease Models, Animal; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Indoles; Male; Meglumine; Morphine; Nociceptors; Pain; Pain Threshold; Peripheral Nervous System Diseases; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptor, Cholecystokinin B; Receptors, Cholecystokinin; Time Factors

2000
Impact of ageing on the antinociceptive effect of reference analgesics in the Lou/c rat.
    British journal of pharmacology, 2002, Volume: 137, Issue:6

    Topics: Acetaminophen; Aging; Analgesics; Animals; Aspirin; Clomipramine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Hot Temperature; Male; Morphine; Pain; Pain Measurement; Pain Threshold; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Stress, Mechanical

2002
Relationship between noradrenaline release in the locus coeruleus and antiallodynic efficacy of analgesics in rats with painful diabetic neuropathy.
    Life sciences, 2013, Jun-21, Volume: 92, Issue:23

    Topics: Adrenergic Neurons; Analgesics; Animals; Clomipramine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetic Neuropathies; Female; Hyperalgesia; Locus Coeruleus; Morphine; Naloxone; Norepinephrine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Tramadol

2013