clay and methyl-orange

The present study demonstrates the synthesis of eco-friendly metal oxide-clay composites (MgO-clay and CaO-clay) with phytochemical functionalization. The physical and chemical properties of prepared composites were characterized using standard techniques viz. scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of pH on the dye adsorption capability of the synthesized composites was studied. The adsorption of an anionic dye methyl orange (MO) and a cationic due methylene blue (MB) was favored in the acidic and basic regions, respectively. The Taguchi design approach was adopted for the removal of MO and MB from wastewater using the synthesized composites. The obtained results suggest that initial dye concentration and composite dosage were the most influential parameters in dye removal among all the studied parameters. The adsorption experiments were carried out using MgO-clay and CaO-clay composites with the optimum conditions obtained from Taguchi optimization to validate the predicted response. The experimental parameters viz. the effect of contact time, initial dye concentration, and solution temperature were studied for screened composite (CaO-clay) with optimized conditions. The obtained results were interpreted using standard isotherms and kinetic models. A maximum adsorption capacity of 571 ± 10 and 859 ± 14 mg g

Topics: Adsorption; Clay; Coloring Agents; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium Oxide; Methylene Blue; Oxides; Wastewater; Water Pollutants, Chemical

In this research work, the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange dye was studied on nickel oxide supported on a natural Moroccan clay (Ni/NC). These catalysts have been prepared by dry impregnation of a nickel nitrate solution with different weight percentages (5, 10, 20% NiO). Experimental responses were obtained by a Box-Behnken (BBD) experimental design by varying the catalyst mass, solution pH, and initial dye concentration at three levels (low, medium, and high). The prepared catalysts were characterized using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) to assess crystallinity and structure, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to detect different functional groups, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analysis to study the surface morphology, and the optical characteristics of the catalysts were studied using absorption and diffuse reflectance measurements in the UV-visible range. The photocatalytic activity of the catalysts was evaluated in aqueous solutions under UV irradiation. ANOVA (analysis of variance) test is employed to recognize the significant factors and their interactions and then give the model equation for the percent dye degradation. The optimal values of the studied factors were determined by numerical optimization, and the results showed that about 100% degradation of the methyl orange dye could be achieved under the following optimal conditions, which are pH = 4.38, catalyst concentration of 0.99 g/L, and initial dye concentration of 30.42 mg/L.

Topics: Catalysis; Clay; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Nickel; Ultraviolet Rays

Topics: Adsorption; Bentonite; Cadmium; Charcoal; Clay; Kinetics; Magnetic Phenomena; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical

Natural clay from Darbandikhan (DC) was evaluated in its natural form, after acid activation (ADC), and after pillaring (PILDC) as a potential adsorbent for the adsorption of methyl orange (MO) as a model anionic dye adsorbate. The effect of different clay treatments was investigated using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), and N

Topics: Adsorption; Anions; Azo Compounds; Clay; Coloring Agents; Spectrum Analysis; Thermodynamics

N-doped ZnO nanoparticles were successfully assembled into hollow halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) by using the impregnation method. The catalysts based on N-doped ZnO-loaded HNTs nanocomposites (N-doped ZnO/HNTs) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (TEM-EDX), scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX), UV-vis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) techniques. The XRD pattern showed ZnO nanoparticles with hexagonal structure loaded on HNTs. The TEM-EDX analysis indicated ZnO particles with the crystal size of ca.10 nm scattered in hollow structure of HNTs, and furthermore the concentration of N atom in nanocomposites was up to 2.31%. The SEM-EDX verified most of N-ZnO nanoparticles existing in hollow nanotubes of HNTs. Besides containing an obvious ultraviolet absorbance band, the UV-vis spectra of the N-doped ZnO/HNTs catalysts showed an available visible absorbance band by comparing to HNTs and non-doped ZnO/HNTs. The photocatalytic activity of the N-doped ZnO/HNTs catalysts was evaluated by the degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution with the concentration of 20 mg/L under the simulated solar-light irradiation. The result showed that the N-doped ZnO/HNTs catalyst exhibited a desirable solar-light photocatalytic activity.

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Azo Compounds; Catalysis; Clay; Light; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Nanotubes; Nitrogen; Photochemical Processes; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; X-Ray Diffraction; Zinc Oxide

A novel micro-mesopores composite material has successfully been synthesized at basic hydrothermal conditions using natural mineral montmorillonite (MMT) and tetraethoxysilane (TEOS). Two surfactants, cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) and polyethylene glycol (PEG), have been employed in order to shape the pores in the composite. The resultant silica-clay has large surface area (472m(2)/g) and high hydrothermal stability, which makes it a potentially host-material for catalyst. The molecular size of different surfactant leads to the multi-peak distribution of pore size, and the surfactant of larger size (PEG) corresponds to the formation of larger pores. Moreover, the photocatalytic results show that, comparing with pure TiO(2) particles, the loaded TiO(2) on such silica-clay shows higher photodegradation rate of methyl orange (MO) in aqueous. And another porous aluminosilicate host, zeolite, was also discussed for comparison.

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Azo Compounds; Catalysis; Clay; Coloring Agents; Environmental Restoration and Remediation; Kinetics; Photolysis; Porosity; Titanium

Titanium hydrate sols were prepared using different acid hydrolysis catalysts, i.e., acetic acid and hydrochloric acid. The platinum-doped TiO(2) sol-gels were also synthesized by adding K(2)PtCl(6) into the titanium hydrate sols. The hydrophobic montmorillonite clay, treated with organic cationic surfactant, i.e., hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide, was used as a template to prepare TiO(2) pillared photocatalyst with the above sols. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) were employed to characterize the resulting photocatalysts. The adsorption performance and photoactivity of prepared pillared clays were studied by using methyl orange as a model organic pollutant. The preliminary results indicated that the hydrophobic TiO(2) pillared clay prepared with acetic acid as the acid hydrolysis catalysts possessed higher photocatalytic activity than that with hydrochloric acid. Due to the excellent sedimentation property of the clay, the resulting pillared photocatalyst is easily recovered and reused in the postrun treatment. Also the doping of platinum into the hydrophobic photocatalyst can increase the photocatalytic activity significantly.

Topics: Acetic Acid; Aluminum Silicates; Azo Compounds; Catalysis; Cetrimonium; Cetrimonium Compounds; Clay; Hydrochloric Acid; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Photochemistry; Platinum; Titanium; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water Purification; X-Ray Diffraction