clay and indoleacetic-acid

Considering the heavy metal risk to soil microbiota and agro-ecosystems, the study was designed to determine metal toxicity to bacteria and to find metal tolerant bacteria carrying multifarious plant growth promoting activities and to assess their impact on chickpea cultivated in stressed soils. Metal tolerant strain SFP1 recognized as Pseudomonas aeruginosa employing 16S rRNA gene sequence determination showed maximum tolerance to Cr (400 μg/ml) and Ni (800 μg/ml) and produced variable amounts of indole acetic acid, HCN, NH

Topics: Aluminum Silicates; Antioxidants; Carbon-Carbon Lyases; Chromium; Cicer; Clay; Environmental Monitoring; Indoleacetic Acids; Metals, Heavy; Nickel; Plant Development; Plant Growth Regulators; Proline; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Soil Pollutants

Atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) is a commonly used agricultural herbicide that, as a result, is frequently detected in surface and ground water. In this study, we provide evidence of the photo-oxidation of atrazine under environmentally relevant conditions, specifically, in the presence of natural montmorillonite clay and the ubiquitous phytohormone indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). The reaction is initiated by the generation of hydrated electrons from the photo-ionization of IAA. These electrons react with protons and dissolved oxygen to form hydroxyl radicals, which promote the further degradation of atrazine. Montmorillonite strongly enhances the yield of hydrated electrons and prolongs their lifetime, by stabilizing radical cations through electrostatic attraction by the negative charges embedded in the clay. Moreover, by providing a confined space, montmorillonite markedly increases the probability of contact between atrazine and the active radicals. Other factors strongly influencing the degradation process are the solution pH, the type of exchangeable cations present in the clay interlayer, and the hydration status of montmorillonite. Since both IAA and montmorillonite clay are widely distributed in the environment, the proposed reaction is predicted to play an important role in the degradation of atrazine and perhaps other potentially persistent organic contaminants.

Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum Silicates; Atrazine; Bentonite; Cations; Clay; Electrons; Herbicides; Hydroxyl Radical; Indoleacetic Acids; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Photochemical Processes; Photolysis; Protons; Triazines