clay and divinyl-benzene

A novel solid-phase microextraction (SPME) fiber coated with a sol-gel/nanoclay composite was prepared by the sol-gel technique involving the hydrolysis reaction of alkoxysilanes and the subsequent condensation reaction with hydroxyl groups of the nanoclay on a stainless steel wire. A method based on direct immersion SPME and gas chromatography-corona discharge ion mobility spectrometry was developed for the determination of four organophosphorus pesticides in aqueous samples. The effect of different experimental parameters on the extraction efficiency of the method was investigated. The sol-gel/nanoclay fiber showed higher extraction performance for the organophosphorus pesticides compared with Ppy/nanoclay, sol-gel coating, and three commercial fibers (polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), PDMS/divinylbenzene (DVB), and polyacrylate (PA)). Limits of detection (LOD) and quantitation (LOQ) of the method were in the range of 0.003-0.012 and 0.01-0.02 μg L(-1), respectively. The calibration curves were linear in a concentration range from 0.01 to 2.0 μg L(-1) (r (2)  > 0.995). The relative standard deviations for intra- and inter-day precision were 3.3-5.6 and 6.4-8.4 %, respectively. Fiber-to-fiber reproducibility for three prepared fibers was 7.4-10.2 %. Finally, the method was successfully applied for the extraction of the studied compounds from water samples. The relative recovery obtained for the spiked real-water samples were 86-104 %.

Topics: Acrylic Resins; Aluminum Silicates; Chromatography, Gas; Clay; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Limit of Detection; Nanostructures; Organophosphates; Pesticides; Solid Phase Microextraction; Steel; Vinyl Compounds; Water Pollutants, Chemical

A water-compatible molecularly imprinted polymer was prepared by Pickering emulsion polymerization using halloysite nanotubes as stabilized solid particles. During polymerization, we used 4-vinylpyridine as monomer, divinylbenzene as cross-linking agent, toluene as porogen, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid as template to form the oil phase, and Triton X-100 aqueous solution to form the water phase. The halloysite nanotubes molecularly imprinted polymer was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Kinetic and equilibrium bindings were also employed to evaluate the adsorption properties of the imprinted polymer. The imprinted polymer showed better selectivity, more rapid kinetic binding (60 min) for 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in pure water compared with rebinding in toluene. The imprinted polymer was used as a sorbent to enrich and separate 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid from water, and was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection.

Topics: Adsorption; Aluminum Silicates; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Clay; Cross-Linking Reagents; Herbicides; Nanotubes; Nitriles; Octoxynol; Polymers; Pyridines; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Toluene; Ultraviolet Rays; Vinyl Compounds; Water