citrinin and zearalenol

Cell cytotoxicity assays, such as cell viability and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity assays, play an important role in toxicological studies of pharmaceutical compounds. However, precise modeling for cytotoxicity studies is essential for successful drug discovery. The aim of our study was to develop a computational modeling that is capable of performing precise prediction, processing, and data representation of cell cytotoxicity. For this, we investigated protective effect of quercetin against various mycotoxins (MTXs), including citrinin (CTN), patulin (PAT), and zearalenol (ZEAR) in four different human cancer cell lines (HeLa, PC-3, Hep G2, and SK-N-MC) in vitro. In addition, the protective effect of quercetin (QCT) against various MTXs was verified via modeling of their nonlinear protective functions using artificial neural networks. The protective model of QCT is built precisely via learning of sparsely measured experimental data by the artificial neural networks (ANNs). The neuromodel revealed that QCT pretreatment at doses of 7.5 to 20 μg/mL significantly attenuated MTX-induced alteration of the cell viability and the LDH activity on HeLa, PC-3, Hep G2, and SK-N-MC cell lines. It has shown that the neuromodel can be used to predict the protective effect of QCT against MTX-induced cytotoxicity for the measurement of percentage (%) of inhibition, cell viability, and LDH activity of MTXs.

Topics: Cell Survival; Citrinin; Enzyme Activation; Fibroblasts; HeLa Cells; Hep G2 Cells; Humans; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Mycotoxins; Patulin; PC-3 Cells; Quercetin; Zeranol

Activity of mycotoxins citrinin, ochratoxin B, rubratoxin B, and zearalenol beta was studied on human neutrophils with regard to O2- generation. At the doses of 10(-8), 10(-6), 10(-4), or 10(-2) mg/mL the mycotoxins stimulated the superoxide anion production in resting neutrophils in whole blood but inhibited it in isolated cells. In neutrophils stimulated with zymosan or PMA, mycotoxins showed inibiting effect both on isolated and in whole blood cells. The behavior of resting isolated neutrophils, identical to that of stimulated cells, was caused by manipulations to isolate cells that activated O2- production. Activity of mycotoxins was no dose-dependent permitting to consider their effect immunotoxic rather than immunomodulator; the absence of dose-dependence was connected to high variability of individual sensitivity to these compounds. Since the smaller concentrations by us used (10(-8) and 10(-6) mg/mL) are easily reachable in blood, it is important to point out the danger represented for immune system by mycotoxins also in very small quantities.

Topics: Adult; Citrinin; Humans; Mycotoxins; Neutrophils; Ochratoxins; Superoxides; Zeranol