citralva and citronellal

Olfactory chemotransduction involves a signaling cascade. In addition to triggering transduction, odors suppress ion conductances. By stimulating with brief odorant pulses, we observed a current associated with odor-induced suppression of voltage-gated conductances and studied its time dependence. We characterized this suppression current in isolated Caudiverbera caudiverbera olfactory neurons. All four voltage-gated currents are suppressed by odor pulses in almost every neuron, and suppression is caused by odors inducing excitation and by those inducing inhibition, indicating a nonselective phenomenon, in contrast to transduction. Suppression has a 10-fold shorter latency than transduction. Suppression was more pronounced when odors were applied to the soma than to the cilia, opposite to transduction. Suppression was also present in rat olfactory neurons. Furthermore, we could induce it in Drosophila photoreceptor cells, demonstrating its independence from the chemotransduction cascade. We show that odor concentrations causing suppression are similar to those triggering chemotransduction and that both suppression and transduction contribute to the odor response in isolated olfactory neurons. Furthermore, suppression affects spiking, implying a possible physiological role in olfaction.

Topics: Action Potentials; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Aldehydes; Animals; Anura; Cilia; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drosophila; Electric Conductivity; Habituation, Psychophysiologic; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Monoterpenes; Nitriles; Odorants; Olfactory Receptor Neurons; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Reaction Time; Signal Transduction; Terpenes