chrysin and naringin

In recent years, there have been efforts to develop therapeutic agents that target metabolic enzyme systems in addition to existing treatment in possible cancer treatments. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is an anticancer drug commonly used in various cancer treatments. Chrysin (CH) and naringin (NR) are natural flavonoids that possess many medicinal and pharmacological properties. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of CH and NR against CYP-induced toxicity on some metabolic enzyme activities. For this purpose, 56 male rats were randomly divided into 8 groups in our in vivo study. The rats were pretreated with CH (25 and 50 mg/kg bw) and NR (50 and 100 mg/kg bw) for 7 days before administering a single dose of CYP (200 mg/kg bw) on the seventh day. According to the in vivo results of our study, it was observed that CH and NR regulated abnormal changes in CYP-induced enzyme activities. In addition, our in vitro study, G6PD enzyme was purified from rat erythrocyte using affinity chromatography. The effects of CH, NR, and CYP were investigated on the purified enzyme. It was determined that CH increased the enzyme activity, CYP ineffective on the enzyme activity, whereas NR inhibited the enzyme activity noncompetitively. Graphical abstract.

Topics: Animals; Antineoplastic Agents; Antioxidants; Cyclophosphamide; Erythrocytes; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glutathione Reductase; Glutathione Transferase; Immunosuppressive Agents; Male; Rats, Wistar

Formation of plasmonic silver nanoparticles by flavonoid reduction was studied. Effects of the nature and the concentration of a flavonoid and a stabilizer, composition of the solution and the interaction time were revealed. It was found that quercetin, dihydroquercetin, rutin and morin produced an intense surface plasmon resonance band of silver nanoparticles at 415 nm which was linearly related to the concentration of a flavonoid, while chrysin, naringenin and naringin did not produce any remarkable changes. It was used for the spectrophotometric determination of the former four flavonoids with the detection limits of 0.03; 0.06; 0.09 and 0.1 μg mL(-1), respectively. The developed method was applied for the determination of flavonoids in biologically active food additives.

Topics: Flavanones; Flavonoids; Metal Nanoparticles; Quercetin; Rutin; Silver; Spectrophotometry

The structure-activity relationships of flavonoids with regard to their inhibitory effects on NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase (E.C. 1.6.2.2), a clinically and toxicologically important enzyme, are not known. In the present study, the inhibitory effects of fourteen selected flavonoids of variable structure on the activity of purified bovine liver cytochrome b5 reductase, which shares a high degree of homology with the human counterpart, were investigated and the relationship between structure and inhibition was examined. Of all the compounds tested, the flavone luteolin was the most potent in inhibiting b5 reductase with an IC50 value of 0.11 μM, whereas naringenin, naringin and chrysin were inactive within the concentration range tested. Most of the remaining flavonoids (morin, quercetin, quercitrin, myricetin, luteolin-7-O-glucoside, (-)-epicatechin, and (+)-catechin) produced a considerable inhibition of enzyme activity with IC50 values ranging from 0.81 to 4.5 μM except apigenin (36 μM), rutin (57 μM) and (+)-taxifolin (IC50 not determined). The magnitude of inhibition was found to be closely related to the chemical structures of flavonoids. Analysis of structure-activity data revealed that flavonoids containing two hydroxyl groups in ring B and a carbonyl group at C-4 in combination with a double bond between C-2 and C-3 produced a much stronger inhibition, whereas substitution of a hydroxyl group at C-3 was associated with a less inhibitory effect. The physiologically relevant IC50 values for most of the flavonoids tested regarding b5 reductase inhibition indicate a potential for significant flavonoid-drug and/or flavonoid-xenobiotic interactions which may have important therapeutic and toxicological outcomes for certain drugs and/or xenobiotics.

Topics: Animals; Catechin; Cattle; Cytochrome-B(5) Reductase; Dietary Supplements; Enzyme Inhibitors; Flavanones; Flavones; Flavonoids; Glucosides; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Microsomes, Liver; Quercetin; Structure-Activity Relationship

This in vitro study aimed to evaluate the possible radioprotective effects of the natural substances WSDP, caffeic acid, chrysin and naringin on gamma-irradiated human white blood cells. The effectiveness of tested compounds was evaluated using the alkaline comet assay, the analysis of structural chromosome aberration and the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay. The results obtained by the alkaline comet study indicate favourable toxicity profiles of propolis and its polyphenolic components, and confirmed the radioprotective abilities comparable to the chemical radioprotector AET. WSDP and its polyphenolic components were able to reduce the number of necrotic cells. None of tested compounds induced significant genotoxicity, but all of them offered a quite measurable protection against DNA damage. WSDP was found to be the most effective in diminishing the levels of primary and more complex cytogenetic DNA damage in white blood cells. Considering its complex composition, to undoubtedly explain the underlying mechanisms of cyto/radioprotective effects, further studies are needed.

Topics: Caffeic Acids; Chromosome Aberrations; Comet Assay; DNA Damage; Flavanones; Flavonoids; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Micronucleus Tests; Middle Aged; Phenols; Polyphenols; Propolis; Radiation-Protective Agents