chondroitin-sulfates and titanium-dioxide

Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is widely known for its various biological activities which are closely related to the sulfate substitution and the molecular weight. Effective degradation methods without striping sulfate groups are in a need. In the present study, a photocatalytic degradation method using H

Topics: Animals; Chondroitin Sulfates; Hydrogen Peroxide; Rats; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Sulfates

Successful osseointegration is essential for dental implants. However, the complete molecular mechanism of osseointegration remains to be elucidated. In this study, we focused on the proteoglycan (PG)-rich layer between titanium oxides (TiOx) and bone, and chondroitin-4-sulfate transferase-1 (C4ST-1), which forms the sugar chain in PGs. Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBMSCs) depleted of C4ST-1 were cultured on titanium (Ti) plates, and the interface between hBMSCs and TiOx was analyzed using transmission electron microscopy. Immunotolerance, proliferation, initial adhesion, and calcification of the cells were analyzed in vitro. At 14 days of cultivation, a PG-rich layer was observed between hBMSCs and TiOx. However, the PG-rich layer was reduced in C4ST-1-depleted hBMSCs on TiOx. Real-time RT-PCR showed that conditioned media increased the levels of expression of M1-macrophage markers in human macrophages. However, depletion of C4ST-1 did not affect calcification, cell proliferation, or initial cell adhesion on Ti plates. These results suggested that C4ST-1 in hBMSCs affects their immunotolerance and alters the formation of PG-rich layer formation on TiOx.

Topics: Bone Marrow Cells; Chondroitin Sulfates; Dental Implants; Humans; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Osseointegration; Osteogenesis; Proteoglycans; Sulfates; Sulfotransferases; Surface Properties; Titanium; Transferases

The artificial materials for bone implant applications are gaining more importance in the recent years. The series titania-chitosan-chondroitin 4-sulphate nanocomposites of three different concentrations (2:1:x, where x- 0.125, 0.25, 0.5) have been synthesised by in situ sol-gel method and characterised by various techniques. The particle size of the nanocomposites ranges from 30-50 nm. The bioactivity, swelling nature, and the antimicrobial nature of the nanocomposites were investigated. The swelling ability and bioactivity of the composites is significantly greater and they possess high zone of inhibition against the microorganisms such as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The cell viability of the nanocomposites were evaluated by using MG-63 and observed the composites possess high cell viability at low concentration. The excellent bioactivity and biocompatibility makes these nanocomposites a promising biomaterial for bone implant applications.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Bone Substitutes; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Survival; Chitosan; Chondroitin Sulfates; Humans; Nanocomposites; Particle Size; Titanium

The goal of this study was to prepare nontoxic, biomimetic TiO2/chondroitin-4-sulfate nanocomposites with osteointegration ability for biomedical applications. Nanocomposites with higher surface area were subjected to bioactivity study and obtained bone-like layer with stoichiometric Ca/P ratio of 1.64 and 1.66. The susceptibility of nanocomposites against Staphylococcus aureus (∼16 mm) and Escherichia coli (∼12 mm) is favorable in preventing the risk of bone diseases and postoperative infections. Adequate swelling and degradations properties were favorably achieved to reduce the risk of nanoparticle accumulation in cell organelles. Moreover, the toxicity in AGS cell line and biocompatibility in osteoblast-like MG-63 cell line showed no significant mitochondrial damage. In addition, the in vitro expression of osteoblast inducing genes (OCN, OPN, ALP and COL 1) and their up-regulation, and 20% of increased hatching rate in preliminary in vivo (zebrafish) analysis were favorable for the nanocomposite at the ratio of 2:0.50 than pure TiO2. Hence, it can be concluded that among the prepared nanocomposites TCs.5 is a promising biomimetic biomaterial that can be used for advanced orthopedic research and other applications.

Topics: Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Biomarkers; Bone Regeneration; Cell Line; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Chondroitin Sulfates; Collagen Type I; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Humans; Mitochondria; Nanocomposites; Osteoblasts; Osteocalcin; Osteopontin; Staphylococcus aureus; Titanium; Zebrafish