choline has been researched along with carnitine in 235 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 93 (39.57) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 22 (9.36) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 18 (7.66) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 56 (23.83) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 46 (19.57) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Nezu, J; Oku, A; Sai, Y; Sakamoto, K; Shimane, M; Tamai, I; Tsuji, A; Yabuuchi, H | 1 |
| Chen, J; Conway, SJ; Ganapathy, V; Huang, W; Leibach, FH; Prasad, PD; Rajan, DP; Seth, P; Wu, X | 1 |
| Kobayashi, D; Nezu, JI; Ohashi, R; Oku, A; Sai, Y; Shimane, M; Tamai, I; Tsuji, A | 1 |
| McCarthy, SK; Welsch, F | 1 |
| Broquist, HP; Rebouche, CJ | 1 |
| ElAmin, B; Means, GE | 1 |
| Labadie, P | 1 |
| Dawson, RM; Grime, DW; Neill, AR | 1 |
| Carter, AL; Frenkel, R | 1 |
| Leveille, GA; Romsos, DR; Tsai, AC | 2 |
| Chang, CH; Jensen, LS | 1 |
| Ament, ME; Buchman, AL; Dubin, M; Eckhert, CD; Gornbein, J; Jenden, D; Moukarzel, A; Rice, K; Roch, MH | 1 |
| Brar, P; Fritz, IB; Siu, CH | 1 |
| Bruhn, H; Frahm, J; Gyngell, ML; Hänicke, W; Merboldt, KD; Sauter, R | 1 |
| Dubelaar, ML; Hülsmann, WC; Lucas, CM | 1 |
| Curti, D; Dagani, F; Galmozzi, MR; Marzatico, F | 1 |
| Gingle, AR | 1 |
| Banjac, B; Drewes, LR; Kloiber, O | 1 |
| Fisler, JS; McKee, R; Sun, S; Swendseid, ME | 1 |
| Baker, H; DeAngelis, B; Frank, O | 1 |
| Brady, LJ; Brady, PS; Colucci, WJ; Gandour, RD; Stelly, TC | 1 |
| Berry, CJ; Chawla, RK; Kutner, MH; Rudman, D | 1 |
| Corthay, J; Dunant, Y; Eder, L; Loctin, F | 1 |
| Dewhurst, SA; Weinreich, D | 1 |
| Davis, GR | 1 |
| Geer, BW | 1 |
| Bauman, A; Benda, P; Rossier, J | 1 |
| Bieber, LL; Monroe, RE | 1 |
| Cho, KS; Proulx, P | 3 |
| Blum, K; Seifter, E; Seifter, J | 1 |
| Cotman, CW; Dewhurst, SA; McCaman, RE | 1 |
| Abdel-Latif, AA; Karp, WB; Roberts, MB; Smith, JP | 1 |
| Christow, CP | 1 |
| Klein, DC; Schrier, BK | 1 |
| Mayer, HE; Roskoski, R; Schmid, PG | 1 |
| Doerr, RC; Fiddler, W; Pensabene, JW; Wasserman, AE | 1 |
| Lees, GJ; McCaman, MW; McCaman, RE | 1 |
| Jewers, K; McLean, WF | 1 |
| Grav, HJ; Lindberg, O; Nicholls, DG | 1 |
| White, HL; Wu, JC | 1 |
| Sass, RL; Werness, P | 1 |
| Cox, RA; Hoppel, CL | 1 |
| Peterson, GR; Shuster, L; Webster, GW | 1 |
| Roskoski, R | 1 |
| Ketola, HG; Young, RJ | 1 |
| Amano, T; Hamprecht, B | 1 |
| Cury, R; Travassos, LR | 1 |
| Aurich, H; Kleber, HP | 4 |
| Kleber, HP | 1 |
| Arienti, G; Giorgini, D; Pirotta, M; Porcellati, G | 1 |
| Kleber, HP; Müller, E | 1 |
| Brown, OM; Green, JP; Margolis, S; Szilagyi, PI | 1 |
| Haubrich, DR; Krishna, G; Reid, WD | 1 |
| Hosein, EA; Pang, D; Tesfaye, Y | 1 |
| Geer, BW; Newburgh, RW | 1 |
| Dolph, WW; Geer, BW | 1 |
| Hodgson, E; Kumar, SS | 1 |
| Dates, RJ; Dolph, WW; Geer, BW; Maguire, JA | 1 |
| Glover, VA; Potter, LT | 1 |
| Mezei, C; Newburgh, RW | 1 |
| Norum, KR | 1 |
| Khairallah, EA; Wolf, G | 2 |
| Petzold, H; Schmidt, C | 1 |
| McCaman, MW; McCaman, RE; Stafford, ML | 1 |
| Hosein, EA; Smoly, JM | 1 |
| Booth, SJ; Gasoi, I; Hosein, EA; Kato, G | 1 |
| Bakerman, S; Gourley, WK; Haas, CD | 1 |
| Bressler, R; Corredor, C; Mansbach, C | 1 |
| Collier, B; Welner, SA | 1 |
| Charest, R; Dunn, A | 1 |
| Adatsi, FK; Goodman, DR; Harbison, RD | 1 |
| Löster, H; Seim, H; Strack, E | 1 |
| Cooper, TG; Waites, GM; Yeung, CH | 1 |
| Kanter, MM; Williams, MH | 1 |
| Fritz, IB; Ramsohoye, P | 1 |
| Daily, JW; Sachan, DS | 1 |
| Butterworth, RF; Maysinger, D; Qureshi, IA; Ratnakumari, L | 1 |
| Casale, CH; Domenech, CE; Lisa, TA; Lucchesi, GI | 1 |
| Henning, SM; Jacob, RA; Pianalto, FS; Swendseid, ME; Zhang, JZ | 1 |
| Cha, YS; Sachan, DS | 1 |
| Nałecz, KA; Nałecz, MJ; Wawrzeńczyk, A | 1 |
| Krasin, B; Sheard, NF | 1 |
| Dodson, WL; Sachan, DS | 1 |
| Fasciglione, GF; Giardina, B; Marini, S | 1 |
| Nałecz, KA; Nałecz, MJ | 1 |
| Felipo, V; Grisolía, S; Hermenegildo, C; Llsansola, M; Miñana, MD; Montoliu, C | 1 |
| Buchman, AL | 1 |
| Bain, MD; Burns, SP; Chalmers, RA; Holmes, HC; Iles, RA; Kordoni, V; Michelakakis, H; Rafter, JE | 1 |
| Galla, HJ; Mroczkowska, JE; Nalecz, KA; Nalecz, MJ | 1 |
| Blanco, C; Jebbar, M; Le Marrec, C; Robert, H | 1 |
| Hongu, N; Sachan, DS | 2 |
| Albert, L; Nemeth, ZI; Rózyło, TK; Siembida, R; Tyihak, E | 1 |
| China, K; Kawahara, E; Kobayashi, D; Nezu, J; Sai, Y; Tamai, I; Tsuji, A | 1 |
| Sachan, DS; Yatim, AM | 1 |
| Ballester, P; Far, AR; Rebek, J; Shivanyuk, A | 1 |
| Daz, M; de Diego, T; Iborra, JL; Lozano, P | 1 |
| Brust, P; Freyer, D; Friedrich, A; Ganapathy, V; Prasad, PD | 1 |
| Baliarda, A; Blanco, C; Deschamps, A; Jebbar, M; Le Marrec, C; Robert, H | 1 |
| BACQ, ZM; LIEBECQ-HUTTER, S | 1 |
| LIEBECQ-HUTTER, S | 1 |
| FRITZ, IB | 1 |
| DUPONT, P; FRITZ, IB | 1 |
| FRAENKEL, G; ITO, T | 1 |
| LORENZ, I; STRACK, E | 1 |
| HOSEIN, EA; McLENNAN, H | 1 |
| CHAILLET, F; PHILIPPOT, E; SCHLAG, J | 1 |
| ROTZSCH, W; THOMITZEK, WD | 1 |
| BIEBER, LL; CHELDELIN, VH; NEWBURGH, RW | 1 |
| BALL, CR | 1 |
| RYALL, RW; STONE, N; WATKINS, JC | 1 |
| FRITZ, IB; SCHULTZ, SK | 1 |
| GEER, BW; VOVIS, GF | 1 |
| HOSEIN, EA; ORZECK, A | 1 |
| DOWE, GH; WHITTAKER, VP | 1 |
| FRAENKEL, GS; FRIEDMAN, S; HINTON, T; LASZLO, S; NOLAND, JL | 1 |
| HAWKINS, K; HOSEIN, EA; SMART, M | 1 |
| HOSEIN, EA; ROCHON, S; SMART, M; STRASBERG, Z | 1 |
| LINDSTEDT, G; LINDSTEDT, S | 1 |
| Culham, DE; Henderson, J; Lu, A; Ly, A; Wood, JM | 1 |
| Hongu, N; Johnsen, M; Sachan, DS | 1 |
| Nakata, R; Shigematsuo, N; Yagisawa, M | 1 |
| Ferrari, ND; Nield, LS | 1 |
| Agbaje, IM; Amigues, E; Browne, RA; Green, BD; Hollis, J; Mallidis, C; McClure, N; Migaud, M; Rogers, D | 1 |
| Gao, P; Gu, J; He, X; Shi, X; Wan, D; Wang, T; Wang, Y; Xu, G; Yang, S; Zhang, P | 1 |
| Inazu, M; Matsumiya, T | 1 |
| Beattie, GA; Chen, C; Hogan, DA; Malek, AA; Wargo, MJ | 1 |
| Falasca, S; Kretz, R; Petruzziello, F; Rainer, G; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Borum, P; Buchman, A; Fessler, TA; Howard, L; Jeejeebhoy, K; Kochevar, M; Shenkin, A; Valentine, CJ; Vanek, VW | 1 |
| Baek, HH; Shim, JE | 1 |
| Bhutta, ZA; Cai, W; Cruchet, S; El Guindi, M; Fuchs, GJ; Goddard, EA; Koletzko, B; Kulkarni, B; Makrides, M; Quak, SH; Ribeiro, H; van Goudoever, JB; Walker, A | 1 |
| Britt, EB; Brown, JM; Buffa, JA; Bushman, FD; Chen, J; DiDonato, JA; Fu, X; Hazen, SL; Koeth, RA; Krauss, RM; Levison, BS; Lewis, JD; Li, H; Li, L; Lusis, AJ; Org, E; Sheehy, BT; Smith, JD; Tang, WH; Wang, Z; Warrier, M; Wu, GD; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Miller, MJ | 1 |
| Kalafatakis, KG; Karkalousos, PL; Koulouris, AV; Liapi, CA; Mourouzis, IS; Strilakou, AA; Stylianaki, AT; Tsakiris, ST | 1 |
| Allayee, H; Bennett, BJ; Hartiala, J; Hazen, SL; Lusis, AJ; McPherson, R; Roberts, R; Stewart, AF; Tang, WH; Wang, Z | 1 |
| Aktas, M; Betz, H; Casanova, JC; Fritz, C; Kizilirmak, S; Köster, S; Moser, R; Narberhaus, F; Yildiz, Ö | 1 |
| Caudill, MA; Gayle, A; Jiang, X; Lucas, LK; Malysheva, O; Perry, CA; West, AA; Yan, J | 1 |
| Grills, DC; Marin, TW; Shkrob, IA; Wishart, JF | 1 |
| Hazen, SL; Tang, WH | 1 |
| Cirule, H; Dambrova, M; Grinberga, S; Gustina, D; Kuka, J; Liepins, J; Liepinsh, E; Loza, E; Makrecka-Kuka, M; Pugovics, O; Zharkova-Malkova, O | 1 |
| Boyd, EF; McDonald, ND; Ongagna-Yhombi, SY | 1 |
| Drosos, I; Kolios, G; Tavridou, A | 1 |
| Borum, P; Buchman, A; Fessler, TA; Howard, L; Shenkin, A; Valentine, CJ; Vanek, VW | 1 |
| Bartels, D; Berardocco, S; Bouchereau, A; Guegan, JP; Missihoun, TD; Shafiq, MR; Willée, E | 1 |
| Amaral, AC; Fouque, D; Mafra, D; Moraes, C | 1 |
| Bakovic, M; Schenkel, LC; Sivanesan, S; Taylor, A; Verbrugghe, A; Wuyts, B; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Boutagy, NE; Davy, BM; Davy, KP; Englund, TR; Hulver, MW; Neilson, AP; Osterberg, KL; Smithson, AT | 2 |
| Aitken, RJ; Gibb, Z; Lambourne, SR; Quadrelli, J; Smith, ND | 1 |
| Berge, RK; Bjørndal, B; Bohov, P; Bruheim, I; Nordrehaug, JE; Ramsvik, MS; Rostrup, E; Svardal, A | 1 |
| Berge, RK; Hov, JR; Lappegård, KT; Nestvold, TK; Svardal, A; Thoresen, H; Trøseid, M | 1 |
| Liu, C; Liu, J; Yin, Y; Zhao, M; Zheng, L; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Chmurzynska, A; Malinowska, AM; Szwengiel, A | 1 |
| Chen, MX; Lu, JQ; Nie, J; Wang, S; Xia, GH; Xu, KY; Yin, J; You, C; Zhen, X; Zhou, HW | 1 |
| Esteras, R; Fernandez-Prado, R; Gonzalez-Parra, E; Gracia-Iguacel, C; Ortiz, A; Perez-Gomez, MV; Sanchez-Niño, MD; Sanz, AB | 1 |
| Berge, RK; Haissman, JM; Haugaard, AK; Hov, JR; Nielsen, SD; Ostrowski, SR; Trøseid, M | 1 |
| Deng, Y; Maki, CR; Phillips, TD; Tian, Y; Wang, M | 1 |
| Guo, M; Liu, J; Wei, D; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Guo, M; Wei, D; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Elmariah, S; Farrell, LA; Furman, D; Gerszten, RE; Lindman, BR; Morningstar, JE; Rhee, EP; Shi, X | 1 |
| Bray, GA; Heianza, Y; Qi, L; Sacks, FM; Smith, SR; Sun, D | 1 |
| Allayee, H; Buffa, JA; Cajka, T; DiDonato, JA; Fiehn, O; Gu, X; Han, Y; Hartiala, JA; Hazen, SL; Hurd, AG; Kerby, RL; Li, L; Li, XS; Lüscher, TF; Nemet, I; Obeid, S; Rey, FE; Roberts, AB; Romano, KA; Shahen, CJ; Skye, SM; Tang, WHW; Wagner, MA; Wang, Z; Wu, Y | 1 |
| Chen, JH; He, YX; Wang, Y; Wang, ZP; Zhao, JH | 1 |
| Huet, B; Jialal, I; Lent-Schochet, D; McLaughlin, M; Silva, R | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Jameson, E; Quareshy, M | 1 |
| Keijer, J; Madsen, O; van der Hoek, MD; van der Leij, FR | 1 |
| Ashnagar, M; Jahanian, R | 1 |
| Bray, GA; DiDonato, JA; Heianza, Y; Li, X; Qi, L; Sacks, FM; Sun, D | 1 |
| Guo, Z; Liu, Y; Xue, X; Yang, G; Yu, W; Zheng, H; Zhu, J | 1 |
| Barlik, M; Chmurzynska, A; Drews, K; Jagodziński, PP; Kurzawińska, G; Malinowska, AM; Radziejewska, A; Różycka, A; Seremak-Mrozikiewicz, A; Szwengiel, A | 1 |
| Cai, Y; Guo, H; He, M; Hou, FF; Huo, Y; Li, GF; Li, Y; Liu, S; Nie, J; Qin, X; Qiu, B; Wang, B; Wang, Y; Xie, L; Xu, X; Zhang, H; Zhao, BX; Zhu, F | 1 |
| Bresciani, L; Brighenti, F; Calani, L; Dall'Asta, M; Del Rio, D; Favari, C | 1 |
| Freeman, LM; Karlin, ET; Rush, JE | 1 |
| Gloor, GB; Joris, BR | 1 |
| Li, B; Li, C; Liu, J; Liu, Z; Yang, M; Zhang, Q; Zhao, P; Zhong, W; Zhong, Z | 1 |
| Crane, H; Deeks, SG; Drozd, D; Hsue, PY; Hunt, P; Ma, Y; Martin, J; Neilan, BD; Rahalkar, S; Scherzer, R; Sinha, A | 1 |
| Abbott, KA; Alburikan, KA; Alkofide, HA; Garg, ML; Kalagi, NA; Stojanovski, E | 1 |
| Bray, GA; Chen, Y; DiDonato, JA; Heianza, Y; LeBoff, MS; Li, X; Pei, X; Qi, L; Sacks, FM; Sun, D; Zhou, T | 1 |
| Cao, YF; Fang, ZZ; Hu, G; Huo, X; Leng, J; Li, J; Li, SN; Li, W; Liu, J; Ma, RCW; Shao, P; Yang, K; Yang, X | 1 |
| Nowiński, A; Ufnal, M | 1 |
| Acikgoz, A; Berge, RK; Bjørndal, B; Caliskan Guzelce, E; Eyupoglu, ND; Svardal, A; Uyanik, E; Yildiz, BO | 1 |
| Chen, D; Fan, S; Li, L; Wu, G; Zhang, N; Zhao, R | 1 |
| Cheng, I; Franke, AA; Fu, BC; Hullar, MAJ; Lampe, JW; Le Marchand, L; Lim, U; Madeleine, MM; Monroe, KR; Randolph, TW; Shepherd, JA; Wilkens, LR | 1 |
| Meyer, KA | 1 |
| Bi, S; Qian, F; Wang, P; Xia, N; Xiong, L | 1 |
| Chi, N; Jiang, XM; Wang, YM; Xue, CH; Yu, ZL; Zhang, LY; Zhang, TT | 1 |
| García-Cañas, V; Simó, C | 1 |
| Antoniazzi, S; Bertino, E; Cavallarin, L; Cesare Marincola, F; Corbu, S; Coscia, A; Cresi, F; Fanos, V; Giribaldi, M; Maiocco, G; Moro, GE; Peila, C; Sottemano, S | 1 |
| Hazen, SL; Weeks, TL; Witkowski, M | 1 |
| Boyd, EF; Dutta, A; Gregory, GJ; Parashar, V | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Y; Fan, D; Zhao, M; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Dai, Q; Guo, F; Liu, Y; Ouyang, D; Tan, Z; Zeng, X; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Emoto, T; Hirata, KI; Yamashita, T; Yoshida, N | 1 |
| Ellingson, D; Sabbatini, J; Shippar, J | 1 |
| Gill, BD; Indyk, HE; Kobayashi, T; McGrail, IJ; Woollard, DC | 1 |
| Alonso-Gómez, A; Bulló, M; Clish, C; Corella, D; Estruch, R; Fiol, M; Fitó, M; Guasch-Ferré, M; Hernández-Alonso, P; Hu, FB; Li, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Papandreou, C; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Santos-Lozano, JM; Serra-Majem, L; Toledo, E | 1 |
| Cao, W; Gao, M; Huang, T; Liu, Z; Yang, R; Zhuang, Z | 1 |
| Bernieh, D; Cassambai, S; Heaney, LM; Israr, MZ; Jones, DJL; Ng, LL; Salzano, A; Suzuki, T; Yazaki, Y | 1 |
| Angius, A; Baragetti, A; Caredda, G; Caruso, D; Catapano, AL; Cibella, J; Consolandi, C; Dioguardi, CC; Giavarini, F; Grigore, L; Mattavelli, E; Norata, GD; Olmastroni, E; Peano, C; Pellegatta, F; Rotta, L; Severgnini, M | 1 |
| Coutinho-Wolino, KS; de F Cardozo, LFM; de Oliveira Leal, V; Mafra, D; Stockler-Pinto, MB | 1 |
| Chen, GY; Chepyala, D; Chiu, HH; Kuo, CH; Kuo, HC; Lu, WH | 1 |
| Decheng, S; Shulin, W; Xia, F; Yang, L | 1 |
| Berge, RK; Beyer, K; Bjørndal, B; Bolstad, AI; Brun, JG; Lie, SA; Svardal, A | 1 |
| Ding, YJ; Jia, QJ; Li, YY; Lv, SC; Wang, YJ; Zhang, A; Zhang, JP; Zhang, WQ; Zhang, XN; Zhu, YP | 1 |
| Day-Walsh, P; Kellingray, L; Kroon, PA; Narbad, A; Nemeckova, B; Saha, S; Savva, GM; Shehata, E; Speranza, J | 1 |
| Albanes, D; Cai, H; Cai, Q; Eliassen, H; Elliott, P; Fornage, M; Gerszten, RE; Guasch-Ferré, M; Harada, S; Herrington, DM; Karaman, I; Lipworth, LP; Matthews, CE; Menni, C; Meyer, KA; Moore, SC; Ose, J; Palmer, ND; Pan, XF; Shu, XO; Tzoulaki, I; Ulrich, CM; Wagenknecht, LE; Wang, TJ; Yang, JJ; Yu, D; Zheng, W; Zhu, H | 1 |
| Berdún, R; Jové, M; Mota-Martorell, N; Pamplona, R | 1 |
| Dong, E; Gao, J; Huang, M; Ji, L; Li, C; Ni, L; Shen, X; Wang, DW; Wang, Z; Wei, H; Yu, T; Zhang, Q; Zhao, C; Zhao, M; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Bergström, M; Fagerström, C; Hefni, ME; Lennqvist, T; Witthöft, CM | 1 |
| Lv, S; Shang, H; Wang, Y; Zhang, W | 1 |
| Al-Abbasi, FA; Alshehri, S; Bin-Jumah, MN; Ghoneim, MM; Gilani, SJ; Hosawi, S; Imam, SS; Kazmi, I; Nadeem, MS; Zeyadi, M | 1 |
| Schoen, MS; Singh, RH | 1 |
| Brightling, CE; Cordell, RL; Greening, NJ; Ibrahim, W; Israr, MZ; Salzano, A; Sarmad, S; Siddiqui, S; Suzuki, T; Wilde, MJ | 1 |
| Amrein, M; Bakula, A; Ceresa, B; Glarner, N; Haaf, P; Hazen, SL; Honegger, U; Koechlin, L; Leu, K; Li, XS; Mueller, C; Nestelberger, T; Puelacher, C; Schäfer, I; Strebel, I; Twerenbold, R; Walter, J; Wang, Z; Zellweger, M; Zimmermann, T | 1 |
| Anker, SD; Cleland, JG; Israr, MZ; Lang, CC; Metra, M; Ng, LL; Salzano, A; Samani, NJ; Suzuki, T; van Veldhuisen, DJ; Voors, AA; Zannad, F; Zhan, H | 1 |
| Budoff, M; de Oliveira Otto, MC; DiDonato, JA; Fretts, AM; Hazen, SL; Jensen, P; Lai, H; Lee, Y; Lemaitre, RN; Mozaffarian, D; Psaty, BM; Siscovick, DS; Sitlani, CM; Sotoodehnia, N; Tang, WHW; Wang, M | 1 |
| Cariou, B; Croyal, M; Gand, E; Goronflot, T; Hadjadj, S; Jacobi, D; Le May, C; Prieur, X; Ragot, S; Saulnier, PJ; Trochu, JN; Wargny, M | 1 |
| Chen, B; Fu, Q; Wei, S; Xiong, X; Xu, X; Yang, S; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Feng, T; Kenéz, Á; Mann, S; Nydam, DV; Overton, TR; Wakshlag, JJ; Xu, W; Yepes, FL | 1 |
| Anand, N; Chandana, KA; Chidambaram, SB; Kalyan, M; Kanna, PV; Mahalakshmi, AM; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Praveenraj, SS; Sakharkar, MK; Shasthara, P; Sonali, S; Tousif, HA; Vichitra, C; Yang, J | 1 |
| de Oliveira Otto, MC; Fretts, A; Hazen, SL; Lai, HTM; Lee, Y; Lemaitre, RN; Li, XS; Lopez, O; Mozaffarian, D; Nemet, I; Newman, AB; Siscovick, DS; Tang, WHW; Wang, M; Wang, Z | 1 |
| Gu, S; Liu, D; Ma, Z; Zhou, Z; Zuo, H | 1 |
| Blanco, R; Daimiel, L; Dávalos, A; Díez-Ricote, L; Micó, V; Ordovás, JM; Ruiz-Valderrey, P; Tomé-Carneiro, J | 1 |
| Abe, T; Bhuiya, J; Isomura, M; Kobayashi, H; Nabika, T; Nagai, A; Notsu, Y; Okazaki, R; Sheikh, AM; Shibly, AZ; Yamaguchi, K; Yamasaki, M; Yano, S | 1 |
| Atkinson, SA; Bogert, M; Britz-McKibbin, P; Kroezen, Z; Shanmuganathan, M | 1 |
| Lazar, M; Olma, A; Streb, W | 1 |
| Grossberg, G; He, S; Hersant, H; Maliha, P | 1 |
| Ament, Z; Bevers, MB; Bhave, VM; Couch, CA; Garcia Guarniz, AL; Irvin, MR; Kijpaisalratana, N; Kimberly, WT | 1 |
20 review(s) available for choline and carnitine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Thermophilic enteric yeasts.
Topics: Aminopterin; Ascomycota; Candida; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ecology; Ethionine; Hot Temperature; Mitosporic Fungi; Saccharomyces; Species Specificity; Urethane; Yeasts | 1971 |
Antioxidants, carnitine, and choline as putative ergogenic aids.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Antioxidants; Carnitine; Choline; Food, Fortified; Humans; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxygen Consumption; Physical Exertion | 1995 |
Carnitine--a known compound, a novel function in neural cells.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Intracellular Membranes; Mitochondria; Neurons | 1996 |
[Physiological functions of carnitine and carnitine transporters in the central nervous system].
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Alzheimer Disease; Astrocytes; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Ketone Bodies; Lipid Metabolism; Mitochondria; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Synaptic Transmission | 2008 |
Compositional requirements of follow-up formula for use in infancy: recommendations of an international expert group coordinated by the Early Nutrition Academy.
Topics: Breast Feeding; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Inositol; International Cooperation; Micronutrients; New Zealand; Nucleotides; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Nutritive Value; Organizations, Nonprofit; Taurine | 2013 |
The contributory role of gut microbiota in cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Female; Food; Humans; Intestines; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Oxygenases; Phosphatidylcholines | 2014 |
New aspects on the metabolic role of intestinal microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Methylamines; Microbiota; Phosphatidylcholines | 2015 |
Trimethylamine N-Oxide From Gut Microbiota in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients: Focus on Diet.
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Disease Models, Animal; Eggs; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Red Meat; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2015 |
Nutrients Turned into Toxins: Microbiota Modulation of Nutrient Properties in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Micronutrients; Oxalates; Phosphates; Phosphatidylcholines; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Tryptophan; Tyrosine | 2017 |
Methodological considerations for the identification of choline and carnitine-degrading bacteria in the gut.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Computational Biology; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Methylamines; Proteus mirabilis | 2018 |
Unaccounted risk of cardiovascular disease: the role of the microbiome in lipid metabolism.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Carnitine; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genomics; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Metabolic Syndrome; Methylamines; Phosphatidylcholines; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer; Triglycerides | 2019 |
Modulation of Circulating Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentrations by Dietary Supplements and Pharmacological Agents: A Systematic Review.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antioxidants; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Prebiotics; Probiotics; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Availability; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Food Ingredients; Functional Food; Gastrointestinal Absorption; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Liver; Methylamines; Oxygenases | 2020 |
Gut Microbiota and Cardiovascular Disease.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Acids, Volatile; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutamine; Host Microbial Interactions; Humans; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Signal Transduction; Thrombosis; Vasculitis | 2020 |
Can diet modulate trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) production? What do we know so far?
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Methylamines | 2021 |
TMA/TMAO in Hypertension: Novel Horizons and Potential Therapies.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Humans; Hypertension; Inflammation; Lipid Metabolism; Methylamines | 2021 |
Trimethylamine oxide: a potential target for heart failure therapy.
Topics: Cardiotonic Agents; Carnitine; Choline; Diuretics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Humans; Methylamines | 2022 |
Pathobiological Relationship of Excessive Dietary Intake of Choline/L-Carnitine: A TMAO Precursor-Associated Aggravation in Heart Failure in Sarcopenic Patients.
Topics: Biodiversity; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Disease Susceptibility; Dysbiosis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Humans; Methylamines; Sarcopenia | 2021 |
The Role of a Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), in Neurological Disorders.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Flavins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammasomes; Lyases; Methylamines; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nervous System Diseases; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein | 2022 |
Over the Counter Supplements for Memory: A Review of Available Evidence.
Topics: Aged; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions; Humans; United States | 2023 |
14 trial(s) available for choline and carnitine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Lecithin increases plasma free choline and decreases hepatic steatosis in long-term total parenteral nutrition patients.
Topics: Aged; Alanine Transaminase; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Fatty Liver; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Phosphatidylcholines | 1992 |
Choline supplementation alters carnitine homeostasis in humans and guinea pigs.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adult; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Food, Fortified; Guinea Pigs; Homeostasis; Humans; Hydroxybutyrates; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
In vivo methylation capacity is not impaired in healthy men during short-term dietary folate and methyl group restriction.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Food, Fortified; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Middle Aged; Niacinamide; Time Factors | 1995 |
Choline supplementation reduces urinary carnitine excretion in humans.
Topics: Adult; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Female; Food, Fortified; Humans; Kidney; Male; Middle Aged; Pantothenic Acid; Triglycerides | 1996 |
Carnitine and choline supplementation with exercise alter carnitine profiles, biochemical markers of fat metabolism and serum leptin concentration in healthy women.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Adipose Tissue; Adult; Body Constitution; Body Weight; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Leptin; Middle Aged | 2003 |
Decreasing oxidative stress with choline and carnitine in women.
Topics: Adult; alpha-Tocopherol; Analysis of Variance; Anthropometry; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Diet Records; Dietary Supplements; Exercise; Female; Humans; Lipid Peroxidation; Lipotropic Agents; Oxidative Stress; Reference Values; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Vitamin A; Weight Loss | 2005 |
Pregnancy and lactation alter biomarkers of biotin metabolism in women consuming a controlled diet.
Topics: Adult; Biomarkers; Biotin; Carbon-Carbon Ligases; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Lactation; Leucine; Milk, Human; New York; Patient Compliance; Pregnancy; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Valerates; Young Adult | 2014 |
Probiotic supplementation and trimethylamine-N-oxide production following a high-fat diet.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Fasting; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Probiotics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2015 |
Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chylomicrons; Cytokines; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Erythrocytes; Euphausiacea; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Humans; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Male; Methylamines; Particle Size; Pilot Projects; Triglycerides | 2015 |
Changes in Gut Microbiota-Related Metabolites and Long-term Successful Weight Loss in Response to Weight-Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, White; Adiposity; Adult; Body Weight; Caloric Restriction; Carnitine; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Energy Metabolism; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Obesity; Treatment Outcome; Waist Circumference; Weight Loss | 2018 |
Gut microbiota metabolites, amino acid metabolites and improvements in insulin sensitivity and glucose metabolism: the POUNDS Lost trial.
Topics: Adult; Amino Acids; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, Reducing; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Male; Massachusetts; Methylamines; Obesity; Overweight | 2019 |
Circulating Gut Microbiota Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO) and Changes in Bone Density in Response to Weight Loss Diets: The POUNDS Lost Trial.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Bone Density; Carnitine; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet, Reducing; Dietary Fats; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Obesity; Overweight; Weight Loss | 2019 |
Urinary Metabolomic Profile of Preterm Infants Receiving Human Milk with Either Bovine or Donkey Milk-Based Fortifiers.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Cattle; Choline; Enteral Nutrition; Equidae; Female; Food, Fortified; Galactose; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Leucine; Lysine; Male; Metabolome; Milk, Human; Nutritional Status | 2020 |
Dynamic Metabolic Signatures of Choline and Carnitine across Healthy Pregnancy and in Cord Blood: Association with Maternal Dietary Protein.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Proteins; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Pregnancy | 2023 |
201 other study(ies) available for choline and carnitine
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Gene Expression; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Membrane Potentials; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Oocytes; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Quinidine; RNA, Messenger; Symporters; Tetraethylammonium Compounds; Xenopus laevis | 1999 |
Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Kidney; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Placenta; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; Tetraethylammonium | 1999 |
Molecular and functional characterization of organic cation/carnitine transporter family in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; DNA, Complementary; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters | 2000 |
Choline acetyltransferase and carnitine acetyltransferase in the placenta of the mouse.
Topics: Acetates; Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Female; Kinetics; Mice; Placenta; Pregnancy | 1977 |
Carnitine biosynthesis in Neurospora crassa: enzymatic conversion of lysine to epsilon-N-trimethyllysine.
Topics: Carnitine; Cell-Free System; Choline; Enzyme Repression; Lysine; Methionine; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Neurospora; Neurospora crassa | 1976 |
Introduction of methyl groups from epsilon-N-methyllysine into the one-carbon pool.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Chickens; Choline; Liver; Lysine; Methylation; Tissue Distribution | 1979 |
[Methyls of biological importance].
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Dealkylation; Homocysteine; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Methane; Methionine; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines | 1979 |
Conversion of choline methyl groups through trimethylamine into methane in the rumen.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Carnitine; Choline; Male; Methane; Methionine; Methylamines; Rumen; Sheep | 1978 |
The relationship of choline and carnitine in the choline deficient rat.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Ketone Bodies; Liver; Male; Muscles; Myocardium; Rats | 1978 |
Determination of carnitine turnover in choline-deficient and cold-exposed rats.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cold Temperature; Dietary Fats; Feces; Half-Life; Male; Methionine; Rats; Time Factors | 1975 |
Inefficacy of carnitine as a substitute for choline for normal reproduction in Japanese quail.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Coturnix; Eggs; Female; Fertility; Male; Quail; Reproduction | 1975 |
Inhibition of cell-cell adhesion and morphogenesis of Dictyostelium by carnitine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Cell Adhesion; Cell Communication; Choline; Dictyostelium; Edetic Acid; Membrane Glycoproteins; Morphogenesis | 1992 |
Localized proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: applications to human skeletal muscle in vivo.
Topics: Carnitine; Carnosine; Choline; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscles; Oleic Acid; Oleic Acids; Phosphocreatine; Protons | 1991 |
Acute effect of L-carnitine on skeletal muscle force tests in dogs.
Topics: Blood Glucose; Carnitine; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Exercise; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Insulin; Lactates; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Reference Values; Time Factors; Triglycerides | 1991 |
Effect of aging and acetyl-L-carnitine on energetic and cholinergic metabolism in rat brain regions.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Aging; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Electron Transport Complex IV; Energy Metabolism; Male; Mitochondria; Oxygen Consumption; Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Complex; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Synaptosomes | 1989 |
Acetylcholine and carnitine sensitive growth in a Drosophila cell line.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carnitine; Cell Division; Cell Line; Choline; Culture Media; Decamethonium Compounds; Drosophila melanogaster; Ecdysterone; Tubocurarine | 1985 |
Protection against acute hyperammonemia: the role of quaternary amines.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methylamines; Mice | 1988 |
Muscle creatine content in rats given repeated large doses of nicotinamide: effects of dietary methionine, choline, carnitine, and other supplements.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Creatine; Diet; Folic Acid; Food, Fortified; Histidine; Male; Methionine; Muscles; Niacinamide; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Vitamin B 12 | 1986 |
Vitamins and other metabolites in various sera commonly used for cell culturing.
Topics: Animals; Biopterins; Blood; Carnitine; Cattle; Cells, Cultured; Chickens; Choline; Culture Media; Fetal Blood; Goats; Horses; Humans; Inositol; Rabbits; Swine; Vitamins | 1988 |
Hemipalmitoylcarnitinium, a strong competitive inhibitor of purified hepatic carnitine palmitoyltransferase.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Choline; Kinetics; Liver; Palmitoyl Coenzyme A; Palmitoylcarnitine; Rats | 1988 |
Plasma concentrations of transsulfuration pathway products during nasoenteral and intravenous hyperalimentation of malnourished patients.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Amino Acids; Blood Proteins; Carnitine; Choline; Creatine; Cysteine; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Liver Cirrhosis; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Disorders; Parenteral Nutrition, Total; Phosphatidylcholines; Protein Binding; Sulfur | 1985 |
Incorporation of acetate into acetylcholine, acetylcarnitine, and amino acids in the Torpedo electric organ.
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholine; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Electric Organ; Electric Stimulation; Female; Glutamine; Male; Nerve Endings; Pyruvates; Pyruvic Acid; Synaptosomes; Torpedo | 1985 |
Effects of long-term organ culture on neurotransmitter metabolism in the ganglia of Aplysia californica.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetyltransferases; Action Potentials; Amino Acids; Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Carnitine; Catechol O-Methyltransferase; Choline; Electrophysiology; Evoked Potentials; Ganglia; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Organ Culture Techniques; S-Adenosylmethionine; Synaptic Transmission; Time Factors | 1974 |
The importance of carnitine in the diet of larvae of Oryzaephilus surinamensis (L.) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae).
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Coleoptera; In Vitro Techniques; Metamorphosis, Biological | 1964 |
Modification of the larval nutritional requirement of Drosophila melanogaster by maternally inherited choline.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Drosophila; Female; Male; Metamorphosis, Biological; Nutritional Requirements | 1968 |
Antibodies to rat brain choline acetyltransferase: species and organ specificity.
Topics: Acetyltransferases; Animals; Antibodies; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Cats; Cattle; Choline; Columbidae; Cricetinae; Female; Guinea Pigs; Hot Temperature; Humans; Immunodiffusion; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Organ Specificity; Placenta; Precipitin Tests; Pregnancy; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Species Specificity | 1973 |
The relation of carnitine to the formation of phosphatidyl-beta-methylcholine by Tenebrio molitor L. larvae.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Paper; Coleoptera; Diet; Fatty Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Oleic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Silicon Dioxide; Species Specificity | 1969 |
Studies on the mechanism of hemolysis by acyl carnitines, lysolecithins and acyl cholines.
Topics: Albumins; Animals; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Erythrocytes; Hemolysin Proteins; Hemolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Palmitic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphatidylinositols; Proteins; Rats; Sphingomyelins; Stimulation, Chemical; Time Factors | 1971 |
The pharmacology of d- and l-carnitine and d- and l-acetylcarnitine. Comparison with choline and acetylcholine.
Topics: Acetates; Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Blood Pressure; Brain; Carnitine; Cats; Chickens; Choline; Cholinesterases; Erythrocytes; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neostigmine; Pupil; Rabbits; Receptors, Cholinergic; Saliva; Salivation; Sciatic Nerve; Stereoisomerism; Succinylcholine; Synaptic Transmission | 1971 |
Subsynaptosomal distribution of enzymes involved in the metabolism of lipids.
Topics: Acetates; Acetylcholinesterase; Acyltransferases; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Coenzyme A; Cytosine Nucleotides; Galactosidases; Inositol; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Nerve Endings; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phospholipids; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Synaptic Membranes; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1971 |
Metabolism of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylinositol and palmityl carnitine in synaptosomes from rat brain.
Topics: Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Inositol; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Nerve Endings; Palmitic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylinositols; Rats; Subcellular Fractions; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1973 |
[Experiments on the influence of metabolites and antimetabolites on the model of Trichomonas vaginalis. V. Relationship between vitamin-B-complexes and Trichomonas vaginalis].
Topics: Adenine; Adenosine Monophosphate; Bacteriological Techniques; Biotin; Carnitine; Choline; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Inositol; Models, Biological; Orotic Acid; Pyridoxine; Riboflavin; Thiamine; Thioctic Acid; Trichomonas vaginalis; Vitamin B Complex; Xanthopterin | 1971 |
Absence of choline acetyltransferase in rat and rabbit pineal gland.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Carnitine; Catalysis; Choline; Immune Sera; Male; Pineal Gland; Pyridinium Compounds; Rabbits; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1974 |
Choline acetyltransferase activity in guinea-pig heart in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Bromine; Butanols; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Electrophoresis, Paper; Ether; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; Heart Ventricles; Kinetics; Male; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Polyethylene Glycols; Time Factors | 1974 |
Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine from naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compounds and tertiary amines.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amines; Betaine; Carnitine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Food-Processing Industry; Meat; Nitrites; Nitrosamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1972 |
Liquid cation exchange--a basis for sensitive radiometric assays for aromatic amino acid decarboxylases.
Topics: Aminobutyrates; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carboxy-Lyases; Carnitine; Choline; Dihydroxyphenylalanine; Dopa Decarboxylase; Dopamine; Drosophila melanogaster; Glutamates; Histamine; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Exchange; Methods; Norepinephrine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phenethylamines; S-Adenosylmethionine; Serotonin; Tritium; Tyramine; Tyrosine; Tyrosine Decarboxylase | 1972 |
Thin-layer chromatography of quaternary ammonium salts on alumina layers.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Hexamethonium Compounds; Methods; Piperidines; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyrrolidines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1972 |
Mitochondrial from hamster brown-adipose tissue. Regulation of respiration in vitro by variations in volume of the matrix compartment.
Topics: Adipose Tissue, Brown; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Cold Temperature; Cricetinae; Culture Media; Glycerophosphates; Hypotonic Solutions; In Vitro Techniques; Ketoglutaric Acids; Mitochondria; Mitochondrial Swelling; Osmotic Pressure; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Palmitic Acids; Potassium Chloride; Pyruvates; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Valinomycin | 1972 |
Choline and carnitine acetyltransferases of heart.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetyltransferases; Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Centrifugation; Choline; Dialysis; Drug Stability; Electrophoresis, Paper; Freezing; Humans; Isoelectric Focusing; Kinetics; Myocardium; Naphthalenes; Pyridines; Rabbits; Species Specificity; Ultracentrifugation; Vinyl Compounds | 1973 |
Acetylcarnitine: on the relationship between structure and function.
Topics: Acetates; Acetylcholine; Carnitine; Choline; Iodine; Isomerism; Molecular Conformation; Structure-Activity Relationship; X-Ray Diffraction | 1973 |
Biosynthesis of carnitine and 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate from lysine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Butyrates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Deamination; Deficiency Diseases; Hydroxylation; Lysine; Male; Methionine; Rats; Tritium | 1973 |
Characteristics of choline acetyltransferase and cholinesterases in two types of cultured cells from embryonic chick brain.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylesterase; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Cells, Cultured; Chick Embryo; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Chromatography; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Immune Sera; Mice; Neurons; Proteins; Rabbits; Thyroxine | 1973 |
Choline acetyltransferase. Evidence for an acetyl-enzyme reaction intermediate.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylcholine; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Catalysis; Cattle; Choline; Chromatography, Gel; Coenzyme A; Cysteine; Drug Stability; Esters; Guanidines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Organophosphorus Compounds; Pantothenic Acid; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Sulfides; Trichloroacetic Acid; Tritium | 1973 |
The need for dietary choline by young Japanese quail.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Coturnix; Diet; Ethanolamines; Female; Japan; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Poultry Diseases | 1973 |
Interactions of acyl carnitines and other lysins with erythrocytes and reconstituted erythrocyte lipoproteins.
Topics: Animals; Apoproteins; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Cell Membrane; Cholesterol; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Drug Stability; Erythrocytes; Hemolysis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lipoproteins; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Palmitic Acids; Phospholipids; Phosphorus Radioisotopes; Protein Binding; Rats; Time Factors; Tritium | 1973 |
Significance of dietary carnitine for growth and carnitine turnover in rats.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Body Composition; Body Weight; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cysteine; Diet; Dietary Fats; Half-Life; Liver; Male; Methionine; Muscles; Organ Size; Rats; Urine | 1974 |
Differential assay for choline acetyltransferase.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Acetyltransferases; Animals; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Cell Line; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Clone Cells; Electrophorus; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Kinetics; Methods; Microchemistry; Neostigmine; Neuroblastoma; Time Factors | 1974 |
Evidence for an inducible active transport of carnitine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azides; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carnitine; Choline; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Edetic Acid; Glycine; Iodoacetates; Ouabain; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1967 |
[Inhibition of enzyme induction for oxidation of quaternary compounds by chloramphenicol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Betaine; Buffers; Carnitine; Chloramphenicol; Choline; Enzyme Induction; Glucose; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spectrophotometry | 1966 |
[Damped oscillations in the synthesis of carnitine dehydrogenase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Enzyme Repression; Galactosidases; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycine; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Oxidoreductases; Periodicity; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1967 |
[Repression of the malic enzyme by carnitine metabolite in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Acetates; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Enzyme Repression; Glucose; Glycine; Malate Dehydrogenase; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spectrophotometry; Succinates | 1969 |
[Kinetics of active carnitine transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Glucose; Glycine; Kinetics; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1970 |
Base-exchange reactions for the synthesis of phospholipids in nervous tissue: the incorporation of serine and ethanolamine into the phospholipids of isolated brain microsomes.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animals; Brain; Calcium; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Chickens; Choline; Cobalt; Copper; Edetic Acid; Female; Inositol; Magnesium; Mercury; Microsomes; Mitochondria; Myelin Sheath; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Serine; Tritium | 1971 |
[Regulation of isocitratelyases of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by carnitine metabolites].
Topics: Aerobiosis; Bacteriological Techniques; Carnitine; Centrifugation; Choline; Culture Media; Lyases; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1970 |
The measurement of nanogram amounts of acetylcholine in tissues by pyrolysis gas chromatography.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetates; Acetylcholine; Amino Alcohols; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Betaine; Brain Chemistry; Carbachol; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Methods; Microchemistry; Nitriles; Pyridinium Compounds; Rabbits; Rats; Solvents; Succinylcholine | 1972 |
Enzymic radioassay for acetylcholine and choline in brain.
Topics: Acetates; Acetylcholine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Alcohols; Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Benzoates; Brain Chemistry; Butyrates; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Carnitine; Chemical Precipitation; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cytosine Nucleotides; Hydrolysis; Insecticides; Male; Methods; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Microchemistry; Nitrophenols; Organophosphorus Compounds; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphorus Isotopes; Phosphotransferases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Succinylcholine | 1971 |
Some biochemical actions of carnitylcholine, a neuromuscular blocking agent.
Topics: Animals; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Carnitine; Choline; Cholinesterases; Creatine Kinase; Female; Fructose-Bisphosphate Aldolase; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Glucosyltransferases; Hydrolysis; Male; Muscles; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Phosphogluconate Dehydrogenase; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Succinate Dehydrogenase | 1971 |
Lysis of erythrocytes by long-chain acyl esters of carnitine.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Esters; Hemolysis; Humans; Kinetics; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Palmitic Acids; Rats; Stearic Acids | 1969 |
Carnitine acetyltransferase and spermatozoan development in Drosophila melanogaster.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Drosophila; Female; Genes; Infertility; Infertility, Male; Male; Microscopy, Electron; Mitochondria; Pedigree; Sex Chromosomes; Spermatozoa; Time Factors | 1970 |
A dietary choline requirement for egg production in Drosophila melanogaster.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Drosophila; Female; Fertility; Male; Ovum | 1970 |
Partial purification and properties of choline kinase from the cockroach, Periplaneta americana.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Alcohols; Animals; Calcium Phosphates; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Chemical Precipitation; Choline; Cysteine; Drug Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Insecta; Kinetics; Magnesium; Methods; Nucleotides; Phosphotransferases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Serine; Sulfates; Time Factors; Ultracentrifugation | 1970 |
The metabolism of dietary carnitine in Drosophila melanogaster.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Drosophila; Female; Larva; Male; Phospholipids | 1971 |
Purification and properties of choline acetyltransferase from ox brain striate nuclei.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acyltransferases; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Cattle; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Coenzyme A; Colorimetry; Electrophoresis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Molecular Weight; Potassium Chloride; Spectrum Analysis; Temperature | 1971 |
Column separation of phosphatides, acyl carnitines and carnitine.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Cellulose; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Methods; Phospholipids | 1968 |
Palmityl-CoA: carnitine palmityltransferase. Studies on the substrate specificity of the enzyme.
Topics: Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Enzymes; Kinetics; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spectrophotometry; Surface-Active Agents; Transferases | 1965 |
Growth-promoting and lipotropic effect of carnitine in rats fed diets limited in protein and methionine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Growth; Homocysteine; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Protein Deficiency; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Threonine | 1965 |
[Effect of choline chloride and (-)-carnitine of the experimental fatty liver in the rat].
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Fatty Liver; Liver; Rats | 1965 |
Carnitine acetyltransferase in nervous tissue.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Mitochondria; Rats; Subcellular Fractions | 1966 |
Biosynthesis of acetyl-L-carnityl choline.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acyltransferases; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; In Vitro Techniques; Myocardium; Physostigmine; Rats | 1966 |
Carnitine decarboxylase. The conversion of carnitine to beta-methylcholine.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Adrenal Glands; Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Carnitine; Choline; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Kinetics; Liver; Magnesium; Muscles; Rats | 1967 |
Neuromuscular blocking activity and other pharmacologic properties of various carnitine derivatives.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Blood Pressure; Carnitine; Cats; Choline; Cholinesterases; Cyanides; Decamethonium Compounds; Diaphragm; Drug Antagonism; Electrophysiology; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium Compounds; Humans; Ileum; Neuromuscular Junction; Phrenic Nerve; Physostigmine; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine | 1967 |
Separation of choline from some bases on Dowex columns.
Topics: Amines; Betaine; Buffers; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Diphenhydramine; Ephedrine; Ethylamines; Indicators and Reagents; Ion Exchange Resins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spectrophotometry; Thiamine; Tryptamines; Tryptophan | 1967 |
Carnitine depletion in the choline-deficient state.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Depression, Chemical; Diet; Fatty Acids; Female; Liver; Methionine; Myocardium; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphatidylcholines; Puromycin; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical | 1967 |
Uptake, metabolism, and releasability of ethyl analogues of homocholine by rat brain.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Brain; Carnitine; Cerebellar Cortex; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Cytosol; Male; Nerve Endings; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Chromatographic separation of choline, trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide, and betaine from tissues of marine fish.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Fishes; Liver; Methylamines; Muscles; Tissue Extracts | 1984 |
Evidence for the extreme overestimation of choline acetyltransferase in human sperm, human seminal plasma and rat heart: a case of mistaking carnitine acetyltransferase for choline acetyltransferase.
Topics: Acetylation; Acetyltransferases; Adult; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; False Positive Reactions; Humans; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Myocardium; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Semen; Spermatozoa; Substrate Specificity | 1984 |
[Catabolism of carnitine: products of carnitine decarboxylase and carnitine dehydrogenase in vivo].
Topics: Administration, Oral; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Carboxy-Lyases; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Mice; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Stereoisomerism | 1980 |
Carnitine transport into the perfused epididymis of the rat: regional differences, stereospecificity, stimulation by choline, and the effect of other luminal factors.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carnitine; Choline; Epididymis; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Stereoisomerism | 1980 |
Influences of silicates and carnitine-silicate mixtures on the inhibition of aggregation of erythrocytes elicited by the presence of fibrinogen.
Topics: Carnitine; Cell Aggregation; Choline; Erythrocytes; Fibrinogen; Hemagglutination; Hemagglutinins; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Silicates; Temperature | 1995 |
Developmental deficiency of the cholinergic system in congenitally hyperammonemic spf mice: effect of acetyl-L-carnitine.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholinesterase; Ammonia; Animals; Brain; Carnitine; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Female; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Mice; Mice, Mutant Strains; Nerve Growth Factors; Pregnancy; Synaptosomes | 1995 |
Carnitine resembles choline in the induction of cholinesterase, acid phosphatase, and phospholipase C and in its action as an osmoprotectant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Betaine; Carbon; Carnitine; Choline; Cholinesterases; Culture Media; Enzyme Induction; Nitrogen; Phosphates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Type C Phospholipases; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1995 |
Acetylcarnitine inhibits alcohol dehydrogenase.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholine; Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Animals; Carnitine; Catalase; Choline; Cytosol; Ethanol; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Microsomes, Liver; NAD; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Synergistic effect of choline and carnitine on acetylcholine synthesis in neuroblastoma NB-2a cells.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acylation; Animals; Carnitine; Cell Line; Choline; Drug Synergism; Kinetics; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 1994 |
Restricting food intake does not exacerbate the effects of a choline-deficient diet on tissue carnitine concentrations in rats.
Topics: Animals; Body Weight; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Creatinine; Diet; Food Deprivation; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Muscles; Organ Size; Proteins; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1994 |
Production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies against L-carnitine: radioimmunologic assays for L-carnitine determination.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Carnitine; Choline; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Radioimmunoassay | 1996 |
Carnitine and choline derivatives containing a trimethylamine group prevent ammonia toxicity in mice and glutamate toxicity in primary cultures of neurons.
Topics: Ammonia; Animals; Carnitine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Cycloleucine; Glutamic Acid; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate | 1996 |
Relation between choline and carnitine homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Homeostasis; Humans; Rats | 1997 |
Choline and L-carnitine as precursors of trimethylamine.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Child, Preschool; Choline; Female; Fishes; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Meat; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methylamines; Reference Values | 1997 |
Evidence for an asymmetrical uptake of L-carnitine in the blood-brain barrier in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Capillaries; Carnitine; Cells, Cultured; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Choline; Endothelium, Vascular; Kinetics; Swine | 1997 |
Glycine betaine, carnitine, and choline enhance salinity tolerance and prevent the accumulation of sodium to a level inhibiting growth of Tetragenococcus halophila.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Glutamates; Lactobacillaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2000 |
Caffeine, carnitine and choline supplementation of rats decreases body fat and serum leptin concentration as does exercise.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Caffeine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Leptin; Male; Physical Conditioning, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides | 2000 |
HPLC-OPLC-MS investigation of change of formaldehyde and its generators in human teeth of different physiological stage.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclohexanones; Dental Caries; Formaldehyde; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tooth | 2000 |
Na(+)-coupled transport of L-carnitine via high-affinity carnitine transporter OCTN2 and its subcellular localization in kidney.
Topics: Animals; Biological Transport; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Cell Fractionation; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cesium; Chlorides; Choline; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Lithium; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Potassium; Rats; Recombinant Proteins; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium; Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; Transfection; Urothelium | 2001 |
Carnitine alters binding of aflatoxin to DNA and proteins in rat hepatocytes and cell-free systems.
Topics: Aflatoxin B1; Animals; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; DNA Adducts; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycine; Hepatocytes; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2001 |
A synthetic receptor for choline and carnitine.
Topics: Carbamates; Carnitine; Choline; Crystallography, X-Ray; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Oxazolidinones; Receptors, Cell Surface | 2002 |
Ester synthesis from trimethylammonium alcohols in dry organic media catalyzed by immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B.
Topics: Alcohols; Butyrates; Carnitine; Catalysis; Choline; Enzymes, Immobilized; Esters; Fungal Proteins; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Lipase; Powders; Solubility; Solvents; Vinyl Compounds | 2003 |
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of the OCTN2 transporter at the RBE4 cells, an in vitro model of the blood-brain barrier.
Topics: 1-Methyl-4-phenylpyridinium; Animals; Biological Transport; Blood-Brain Barrier; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Endothelium, Vascular; HeLa Cells; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Kinetics; Membrane Proteins; Models, Biological; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Rats; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Messenger; Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; Tetraethylammonium; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Tritium | 2003 |
Potential osmoprotectants for the lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus and Tetragenococcus halophila.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Food Microbiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Pediococcus; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Sulfonium Compounds | 2003 |
Antagonism of gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine on chick embryonic bones cultivated in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Bone and Bones; Carnitine; Chickens; Choline; Folic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
[Antagonism of gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine in bone skeleton cultivated in vitro].
Topics: Betaine; Bone and Bones; Carnitine; Choline; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Folic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
Effects of choline deficiency and carnitine on palmitic acid oxidation by rat liver homogenates.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Fatty Acids; Folic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Oxidation-Reduction; Palmitic Acid; Rats; Ventricular Fibrillation; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
Ineffectiveness of carnitine as a choline substitute in the prevention of fatty livers of rats maintained on a choline-deficient diet.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Diet; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Rats; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
gamma-Butyrobetaine as a specific antagonist for carnitine in the development of the early chick embryo.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Humans; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
[Stimulant effect of some nitriles and amines of the carnitine type on frog muscle].
Topics: Amines; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Anura; Carnitine; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Choline; Cyanides; Muscles; Nitriles; Vitamin B Complex | 1958 |
Pharmacological actions of alpha-butyrobetaine.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline | 1959 |
[Study of the pharmacological properties of the ethyl and methyl esters of gamma-butyrobetaine chloride].
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Chlorides; Choline; Esters; Ions | 1961 |
[The influence of gama-butyrobetaine, crotonic acid betaine and isomeric carnitine on the growth of a mouse sarcoma].
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Folic Acid; Sarcoma, Experimental; Vitamin B Complex | 1962 |
Studies on a beta-methylcholine-containing phospholipid derived from carnitine.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Folic Acid; Phospholipids; Vitamin B Complex | 1963 |
ACTIONS OF BETAINE, CARNITINE AND CHOLINE ON THE PATTERN OF HEPATIC LIPOSIS IN MICE FED A HIGH-FAT, LOW-PROTEIN DIET.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Folic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidoses; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Liver Diseases; Mice; Pathology; Research; Statistics as Topic; Vitamin B Complex | 1964 |
THE CHOLINOMIMETIC ACTIVITY OF EXTRACTS OF BRAIN NERVE TERMINALS.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amines; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carnitine; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Chromatography; Electrophoresis; Folic Acid; Mitochondria; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Myocardium; Nerve Endings; Physostigmine; Research; Tissue Extracts; Vitamin B Complex | 1964 |
CARNITINE ACETYLTRANSFERASE. II. INHIBIITON BY CARNITINE ANALOGUES AND BY SULFHYDRYL REAGENTS.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Aminobutyrates; Benzoates; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Choline; Coenzyme A; Edrophonium; Enzyme Inhibitors; Folic Acid; Mercaptoethanol; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Research; Sulfhydryl Reagents; Vitamin B Complex | 1965 |
THE EFFECTS OF CHOLINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Alcohols; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Diet; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Growth and Development; Meat; Metamorphosis, Biological; Methionine; Neurospora; Pharmacology; Poultry; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Research; Salts; Vitamin B Complex | 1965 |
SOME PHYSIOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF ACETYL-L-CARNITINE ISOLATED FROM BRAIN TISSUE EXTRACTS.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholine; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carnitine; Cattle; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry, Physical; Choline; Chromatography; Crystallization; Folic Acid; Physical Examination; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Research; Tissue Extracts; Vitamin B Complex | 1964 |
THE IDENTIFICATION OF THE ACETYLCHOLINE-LIKE SUBSTANCE IN SYNATOSOMES DERIVED FROM GUINEA-PIG BRAIN AS ACETYLCHOLINE ITSELF.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Assay; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography; Folic Acid; Guinea Pigs; Muscles; Research; Ultracentrifugation; Vitamin B Complex | 1964 |
The effect of substituting carnitine for choline in the nutrition of several organisms.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Folic Acid; Insecta; Neurospora; Vitamin B Complex | 1955 |
Aminoaciduria in rats after treatment with the ethyl ester of gamma-butyrobetaine.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Rats | 1960 |
The enzymic synthesis of gamma-butyrobetaine and its CoA ester derivative.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Coenzymes; Esters | 1962 |
On the hydroxylation of gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine in vitro.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Hydroxylation; In Vitro Techniques; Vitamin B Complex | 1962 |
Osmoregulatory systems of Escherichia coli: identification of betaine-carnitine-choline transporter family member BetU and distributions of betU and trkG among pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carnitine; Choline; Chromosome Mapping; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Potassium; Pyelonephritis; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Effects of chronic betaine ingestion on methionine-loading induced plasma homocysteine elevation in rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Area Under Curve; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Carnitine; Choline; Gastrointestinal Agents; Homocysteine; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Male; Methionine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 2006 |
Smelling like dead fish: a case of trimethylaminuria in an adolescent.
Topics: Adolescent; Anti-Infective Agents; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Creatinine; Humans; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methylamines; Nootropic Agents | 2006 |
Metabolic profile changes in the testes of mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Fertility; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Principal Component Analysis; Spermatogenesis; Testis | 2009 |
Analysis of acetylcholine, choline and butyrobetaine in human liver tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Betaine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Structure; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2008 |
The ATP-binding cassette transporter Cbc (choline/betaine/carnitine) recruits multiple substrate-binding proteins with strong specificity for distinct quaternary ammonium compounds.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Gene Order; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Operon; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas syringae; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Substrate Specificity | 2010 |
Analysis of multiple quaternary ammonium compounds in the brain using tandem capillary column separation and high resolution mass spectrometric detection.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carnitine; Cerebrum; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Tupaiidae | 2012 |
A.S.P.E.N. position paper: recommendations for changes in commercially available parenteral multivitamin and multi-trace element products.
Topics: Avitaminosis; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Dietetics; Guidelines as Topic; Humans; Nutritional Requirements; Parenteral Nutrition; Parenteral Nutrition Solutions; Trace Elements; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Vitamins | 2012 |
Determination of trimethylamine in spinach, cabbage, and lettuce at alkaline pH by headspace solid-phase microextraction.
Topics: Adsorption; Betaine; Brassica; Carnitine; Choline; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactuca; Methylamines; Polyvinyls; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Microextraction; Spinacia oleracea; Taste; Temperature | 2012 |
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of L-carnitine, a nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Desmosterol; Female; Humans; Intestines; Macrophages; Mass Spectrometry; Meat; Metagenome; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Knockout; RNA; Time Factors | 2013 |
Risk factors for cardiovascular disease: a cautionary tale of diet-microbiome interactions.
Topics: Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Methylamines; Microbiota; Risk Factors | 2013 |
Carnitine modulates crucial myocardial adenosine triphosphatases and acetylcholinesterase enzyme activities in choline-deprived rats.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Ca(2+) Mg(2+)-ATPase; Cardiotonic Agents; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Male; Myocardium; Rats, Wistar; Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase | 2014 |
Comparative genome-wide association studies in mice and humans for trimethylamine N-oxide, a proatherogenic metabolite of choline and L-carnitine.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Carnitine; Cation Transport Proteins; Choline; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Middle Aged; Multigene Family; Oxygenases; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | 2014 |
Enzymatic properties and substrate specificity of a bacterial phosphatidylcholine synthase.
Topics: Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Substitution; Bacterial Proteins; Carnitine; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Escherichia coli; Molecular Sequence Data; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Substrate Specificity; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) | 2014 |
Radiation stability of cations in ionic liquids. 5. Task-specific ionic liquids consisting of biocompatible cations and the puzzle of radiation hypersensitivity.
Topics: Acoustic Impedance Tests; Betaine; Biocompatible Materials; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Carnitine; Cations; Choline; Computer Simulation; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ionic Liquids; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Protons; Pulse Radiolysis | 2014 |
Suppression of intestinal microbiota-dependent production of pro-atherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide by shifting L-carnitine microbial degradation.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biosynthetic Pathways; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gastrointestinal Tract; Methylamines; Methylhydrazines; Microbiota; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Escherichia coli; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Profiling; Genetic Complementation Test; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Transport Proteins; Osmotic Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 2015 |
A Call to Action to Bring Safer Parenteral Micronutrient Products to the U.S. Market.
Topics: Adult; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Drug Approval; Humans; Infant; Lipotropic Agents; Micronutrients; Parenteral Nutrition; Trace Elements; United States; United States Food and Drug Administration; Vitamin D; Vitamins | 2015 |
Overexpression of ALDH10A8 and ALDH10A9 Genes Provides Insight into Their Role in Glycine Betaine Synthesis and Affects Primary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acids; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Betaine; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carnitine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Germination; Plants, Genetically Modified; Polyamines; Principal Component Analysis; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological | 2015 |
Choline supplementation restores substrate balance and alleviates complications of Pcyt2 deficiency.
Topics: Acylation; Adipose Tissue; AMP-Activated Protein Kinases; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Gene Expression Regulation; Liver; Mice, Mutant Strains; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylserines; RNA Nucleotidyltransferases; Triglycerides; Weight Gain | 2015 |
Short-term high-fat diet increases postprandial trimethylamine-N-oxide in humans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, Atherogenic; Diet, High-Fat; Fasting; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Oxidants; Postprandial Period; Young Adult | 2015 |
L-carnitine and pyruvate are prosurvival factors during the storage of stallion spermatozoa at room temperature.
Topics: Acrosome; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatin; DNA Damage; Horses; Lipid Peroxidation; Male; Mitochondria; Osmolar Concentration; Pyruvic Acid; Reactive Oxygen Species; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Temperature | 2015 |
Major Increase in Microbiota-Dependent Proatherogenic Metabolite TMAO One Year After Bariatric Surgery.
Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Bariatric Surgery; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Obesity; Postoperative Period; Time Factors | 2016 |
Simultaneous targeted analysis of trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, betaine, and carnitine by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Dietary, anthropometric, and biochemical factors influencing plasma choline, carnitine, trimethylamine, and trimethylamine-N-oxide concentrations.
Topics: Aged; Body Size; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Female; Humans; Methylamines; Middle Aged | 2017 |
Impaired renal function and dysbiosis of gut microbiota contribute to increased trimethylamine-N-oxide in chronic kidney disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Clostridiaceae; Dysbiosis; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Female; Gammaproteobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2017 |
Microbiota-dependent metabolite and cardiovascular disease marker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with monocyte activation but not platelet function in untreated HIV infection.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation; Risk Factors | 2017 |
Development of High Capacity Enterosorbents for Aflatoxin B1 and Other Hazardous Chemicals.
Topics: Adsorption; Aflatoxin B1; Aluminum Silicates; Animals; Bentonite; Carnitine; Choline; Clay; Diet; Food Contamination; Hazardous Substances; Models, Molecular; Thermodynamics | 2017 |
Determination of betaine, l-carnitine, and choline in human urine using a self-packed column and column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Reproducibility of Results | 2017 |
Simple determination of betaine, l-carnitine and choline in human urine using self-packed column and column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Drug Stability; Humans; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Reproducibility of Results | 2018 |
Association of Acylcarnitines With Left Ventricular Remodeling in Patients With Severe Aortic Stenosis Undergoing Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Diabetes Complications; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Kynurenine; Male; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Stroke Volume; Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement; Ventricular Remodeling | 2018 |
Untargeted metabolomics identifies trimethyllysine, a TMAO-producing nutrient precursor, as a predictor of incident cardiovascular disease risk.
Topics: Aged; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Lysine; Male; Metabolomics; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Risk Factors; Thrombosis | 2018 |
The putative compatible solute-binding protein ProX from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: biochemical characterization and crystallographic data.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carnitine; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Models, Molecular; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polyphenols; Protein Conformation; Sequence Homology | 2018 |
Changes to trimethylamine-N-oxide and its precursors in nascent metabolic syndrome.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Young Adult | 2018 |
Evolutionary analysis of the carnitine- and choline acyltransferases suggests distinct evolution of CPT2 versus CPT1 and related variants.
Topics: Animals; Caenorhabditis elegans; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Choline; Drosophila; Evolution, Molecular; Exons; Introns; Isoenzymes; Mitochondria; Phylogeny; Yeasts | 2018 |
Effects of dietary supplementation of choline and carnitine on growth performance, meat oxidative stability and carcass composition of broiler chickens fed diets with different metabolisable energy levels.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Carnitine; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Meat; Muscle, Skeletal; Oxidative Stress; Pectoralis Muscles; Random Allocation | 2018 |
Simultaneous determination of free and total choline and l-carnitine in infant formula using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Infant Formula; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
PEMT rs12325817 and PCYT1A rs7639752 polymorphisms are associated with betaine but not choline concentrations in pregnant women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Betaine; Birth Weight; Carnitine; Choline; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Genotype; Homozygote; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methylamines; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Poland; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Young Adult | 2018 |
Serum Trimethylamine N-Oxide Concentration Is Positively Associated With First Stroke in Hypertensive Patients.
Topics: Aged; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Stroke | 2018 |
An in vitro exploratory study of dietary strategies based on polyphenol-rich beverages, fruit juices and oils to control trimethylamine production in the colon.
Topics: Adult; Bacteria; Biotransformation; Carnitine; Choline; Colon; Diet; Feces; Female; Fruit and Vegetable Juices; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Oils; Polyphenols; Young Adult | 2018 |
A pilot study investigating circulating trimethylamine N-oxide and its precursors in dogs with degenerative mitral valve disease with or without congestive heart failure.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dog Diseases; Dogs; Echocardiography; Female; Heart Failure; Male; Methylamines; Mitral Valve Insufficiency; Pilot Projects | 2019 |
Targeted metabolomic analysis of plasma metabolites in patients with coronary heart disease in southern China.
Topics: Aged; Angina, Stable; Angina, Unstable; Biomarkers; Carnitine; China; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Creatinine; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolomics; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Prospective Studies; Reproducibility of Results; ROC Curve; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2019 |
Carnitine Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Risk and Myocardial Infarction in HIV -Infected Adults.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Sustained Virologic Response; United States | 2019 |
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolites in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Methylamines; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Is increased plasma TMAO a compensatory response to hydrostatic and osmotic stress in cardiovascular diseases?
Topics: Animals; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular System; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Humans; Hydrostatic Pressure; Kidney; Liver; Methylamines; Mice; Models, Theoretical; Osmotic Pressure; Rats; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Testosterone; Young Adult | 2019 |
[Determination of L-carnitine, choline, taurine in infant formula milk powder by ultrafiltration tube cleaning and ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry].
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Infant Formula; Milk; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Taurine; Ultrafiltration | 2019 |
Associations of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, carnitine, and betaine with inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and the fecal microbiome in the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Bacteria; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged | 2020 |
Population studies of TMAO and its precursors may help elucidate mechanisms.
Topics: Adiposity; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Methylamines; Microbiota; Phenotype | 2020 |
Development of biocompatible DES/NADES as co-solvents for efficient biosynthesis of chiral alcohols.
Topics: Alcohols; Betaine; Biocatalysis; Biotechnology; Carnitine; Catalysis; Cell-Free System; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Escherichia coli; Green Chemistry Technology; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysine; Permeability; Proline; Recombinant Proteins; Solvents; Stereoisomerism; Water | 2020 |
Effects of dietary choline, betaine, and L-carnitine on the generation of trimethylamine-N-oxide in healthy mice.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C | 2020 |
Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids, Diamino; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carnitine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Multigene Family; Sarcosine; Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 2020 |
Changes in the concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Motor Neurons; Prognosis; Signal Transduction | 2020 |
Renal function is associated with plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, L-carnitine and betaine: a pilot study.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies | 2021 |
Unraveling the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Stroke: "The lower, the better?"
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet Therapy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Methylamines; Oxidants; Risk Factors | 2021 |
Determination of Free and Total Choline and Free and Total Carnitine in Infant Formula and Adult/Pediatric Nutritional Formula by Liquid Chromatography/Tandem Mass Spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS): A Multi-laboratory Testing Study, Final Action 2015.10.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Food, Formulated; Infant Formula; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2020 |
Comparison of LC-MS/MS and Enzymatic Methods for the Determination of Total Choline and Total Carnitine in Infant Formula and Milk Products.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Milk; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2020 |
Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sarcosine | 2021 |
Causal relationships between gut metabolites and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Methylamines; Negative Results; Risk | 2021 |
Association of gut-related metabolites with outcome in acute heart failure.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2021 |
Gut Microbiota Functional Dysbiosis Relates to Individual Diet in Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Bacteria; Carnitine; Carotid Artery Diseases; Choline; Diet; Dysbiosis; Escherichia coli; Faecalibacterium prausnitzii; Feces; Feeding Behavior; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Life Style; Male; Metagenomics; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Palmitates | 2021 |
Using matrix-induced ion suppression combined with LC-MS/MS for quantification of trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, carnitine and acetylcarnitine in dried blood spot samples.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Dried Blood Spot Testing; Humans; Methylamines; Oxides; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2021 |
Analysis of Choline, Carnitine, Acetylcarnitine and Acetylcholine in Animal Feeds, Blood and Urine Using Ion Chromatography Coupled with Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acetylcholine; Animal Feed; Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2021 |
Lipid, fatty acid, carnitine- and choline derivative profiles in rheumatoid arthritis outpatients with different degrees of periodontal inflammation.
Topics: Aged; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Carnitine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Inflammation; Male; Middle Aged; Outpatients | 2021 |
The use of an in-vitro batch fermentation (human colon) model for investigating mechanisms of TMA production from choline, L-carnitine and related precursors by the human gut microbiota.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Choline; Colon; Fermentation; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines | 2021 |
Associations of circulating choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Humans; Sarcosine | 2021 |
Plasma methionine metabolic profile is associated with longevity in mammals.
Topics: Animals; Carnitine; Cats; Cattle; Choline; Cystathionine; Dogs; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Guinea Pigs; Horses; Humans; Longevity; Malates; Methionine; Mice; Phylogeny; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Succinic Acid; Swine | 2021 |
FMO3-TMAO axis modulates the clinical outcome in chronic heart-failure patients with reduced ejection fraction: evidence from an Asian population.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans; Methylamines; Oxygenases; Prospective Studies | 2022 |
Simultaneous quantification of trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine, choline, betaine, creatinine, and propionyl-, acetyl-, and L-carnitine in clinical and food samples using HILIC-LC-MS.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Creatinine; Female; Food Analysis; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2021 |
Plasma metabolomic profile changes in females with phenylketonuria following a camp intervention.
Topics: Carnitine; Choline; Fatty Acids; Female; Humans; Male; Metabolomics; Phenylketonurias | 2022 |
Association of gut-related metabolites with respiratory symptoms in COVID-19: A proof-of-concept study.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; COVID-19; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines | 2022 |
Gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and cardiovascular risk in patients with suspected functionally relevant coronary artery disease (fCAD).
Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Coronary Artery Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Methylamines; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Surrogate markers of gut dysfunction are related to heart failure severity and outcome-from the BIOSTAT-CHF consortium.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Chronic Disease; Heart Failure; Humans | 2022 |
Association of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Metabolites With Mortality in Older Adults.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Prospective Studies | 2022 |
Nutritional biomarkers and heart failure requiring hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURDIAGENE cohort.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Homocysteine; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2022 |
The associations between TMAO-related metabolites and blood lipids and the potential impact of rosuvastatin therapy.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Cholesterol, LDL; Choline; Humans; Lipids; Methylamines; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Effects of dietary branched-chain amino acid supplementation on serum and milk metabolome profiles in dairy cows during early lactation.
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Animals; Antioxidants; Carnitine; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Female; Glucose; Glutathione; Humans; Insulins; Lactation; Lipids; Metabolome; Milk; Nitrogen; Phosphorylcholine; Urea | 2022 |
Longitudinal Associations of Plasma TMAO and Related Metabolites with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Medicare; Methylamines; United States | 2022 |
Associations of plasma TMAO and its precursors with stroke risk in the general population: A nested case-control study.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Humans; Stroke | 2023 |
TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Inflammation; Methylamines; Mice; MicroRNAs | 2022 |
Neither Trimethylamine-N-Oxide nor Trimethyllysine Is Associated with Atherosclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study in Older Japanese Adults.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; East Asian People; Female; Humans; Methylamines; Oxides | 2023 |
TRIMETHYLAMINE OXIDE - FACTOR IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND A POTENTIAL TARGET FOR DIETARY AND PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Methylamines | 2023 |
Trimethylamine N-Oxide and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Carnitine; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Stroke; Stroke, Lacunar; White Matter | 2023 |