cholecalciferol and retinol-acetate

Various oral treatment options have been reported for relapsing multiple sclerosis. Recently, dimethyl fumarate (DMF) has been approved for the management of the same. Though effective, DMF is associated with concerns like multiple dosing, patient incompliance, gastrointestinal flushing, lower brain permeation, and economic hurdles. Henceforth, the objective of the present study was to develop vitamin-based solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) for effective brain delivery of DMF with a promise of once-a-day dosing. The developed SLNs were characterized for micromeritics, morphology, entrapment efficiency, drug loading and in vitro drug release. Caco-2 and SH-SY5Y cell lines were used to assess the intestinal permeability and neuronal uptake. Pharmacokinetic and biodistribution studies were performed on rats. The developed nanometeric lipidparticles were able to control the drug release and substantially enhance the Caco-2 as well as SH-5YSY cell permeability. The developed systems not only enhanced the oral bioavailability of the drug, but also offered substantially elevated brain drug levels to that of plain drug. The drug was protected from liver and biological residence was increased, indicating promising potential of the carriers in effective brain delivery of DMF. Enhanced bioavailability and elevated bioresidence of DMF by vitamin-based SLNs provided the evidence for once-a-day delivery potential for DMF in the management of neurological disorders.

Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Brain; Caco-2 Cells; Cholecalciferol; Dimethyl Fumarate; Diterpenes; Drug Carriers; Humans; Immunosuppressive Agents; Lipids; Nanoparticles; Rats; Retinyl Esters; Tissue Distribution; Vitamin A

This study evaluates performance of thin-film carbon electrodes prepared by physical vapor deposition of the electrode material on a polyetheretherketone substrate and compares their performance with that of a standard type of glassy carbon electrodes for chromatographic detection cell of thin-layer type. Kaempferol, retinol, retinyl acetate, cholecalciferol, alpha-tocopherol and gamma-tocopherol were selected for the study and their respective detection limits were found to be 0.63, 5.84, 5.91, 28.19, 16.80 and 16.11 pg. The calibration plots were linear for at least three orders of magnitude for all of the six analytes selected for evaluation. Hydrodynamic voltammograms are shown for both types of electrodes for the range of working electrode potentials between +0.40 and +1.40 V. Also shown and discussed are plots of signal-to-noise vs. detection potential. The working electrode potential of +1.30 V was found to be required for an improved long-term stability of detection performance and was suitable for the detection of all six analytes.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Antioxidants; Carbon; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diterpenes; Electrochemistry; Electrodes; Fats; gamma-Tocopherol; Kaempferols; Reproducibility of Results; Retinyl Esters; Solubility; Vitamin A; Vitamins

A high-performance liquid chromatography method is developed for the simultaneous determination of menadione, retinyl acetate, cholecalciferol, alpha-tocopherol, and alpha-tocopherol acetate in feed. The present study uses an enzyme to destroy the coating film, ethanol to extract free vitamins, and Oasis HLB cartridges to purify. Vitamins are separated using an Atlantis dC18 column. The mobile phase is methanol-water (98:2 v/v). Detection is performed with a UV-vis detector at 230 and 265 nm. The linearity, accuracy, and repeatability of this method are all satisfactory. Application of the method is suitable for the determination of the fat-soluble vitamins in general feed.

Topics: alpha-Tocopherol; Animal Feed; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diterpenes; Reproducibility of Results; Retinyl Esters; Solid Phase Extraction; Tocopherols; Vitamin A; Vitamin K 3

The half-wave potentials of all-trans beta-carotene, all-trans retinol, 13-cis retinol, all-trans retinyl acetate, all-trans retinal, and vitamins D(2) and D(3) were related to the number of double bonds in conjugation. A minimum of three double bonds in conjugation was required before reduction took place at the dropping-mercury electrode. As the number of conjugated bonds increased in the fat-soluble vitamins, the initial reduction took place at a lower half-wave potential. All of the waves were linearly proportional to the concentration of the vitamins in the concentration range studied.

Topics: beta Carotene; Carotenoids; Cholecalciferol; Diterpenes; Polarography; Retinyl Esters; Vitamin A; Vitamin D; Vitamins