cholecalciferol and menatetrenone

The US Surgeon General's Report on Bone Health suggests America's bone-health is in jeopardy and issued a "call to action" to develop bone-health plans incorporating components of (1) improved nutrition, (2) increased health literacy, and (3) increased physical activity.. To conduct a Comparative Effectiveness Research (CER) study comparing changes in bone mineral density in healthy women over-40 with above-average compliance when following one of three bone health Plans incorporating the SG's three components.. Using an open-label sequential design, 414 females over 40 years of age were tested, 176 of whom agreed to participate and follow one of three different bone-health programs. One Plan contained a bone-health supplement with 1,000 IUs of vitamin D(3 )and 750 mg of a plant-sourced form of calcium for one year. The other two Plans contained the same plant form of calcium, but with differing amounts of vitamin D(3) and other added bone health ingredients along with components designed to increase physical activity and health literacy. Each group completed the same baseline and ending DXA bone density scans, 43-chemistry blood test panels, and 84-item Quality of Life Inventory (QOL). Changes for all subjects were annualized as percent change in BMD from baseline. Using self-reports of adherence, subjects were rank-ordered and dichotomized as "compliant" or "partially compliant" based on the median rating. Comparisons were also made between the treatment groups and two theoretical age-adjusted expected groups: a non-intervention group and a group derived from a review of previously published studies on non-plant sources of calcium.. There were no significant differences in baseline BMD between those who volunteered versus those who did not and between those who completed per protocol (PP) and those who were lost to attrition. Among subjects completing per protocol, there were no significant differences between the three groups on baseline measurements of BMD, weight, age, body fat and fat-free mass suggesting that the treatment groups were statistically similar at baseline. In all three treatment groups subjects with above average compliance had significantly greater increases in BMD as compared to the two expected-change reference groups. The group following the most nutritionally comprehensive Plan outperformed the other two groups. For all three groups, there were no statistically significant differences between baseline and ending blood chemistry tests or the QOL self-reports.. The increases in BMD found in all three treatment groups in this CER stand in marked contrast to previous studies reporting that interventions with calcium and vitamin D(3) reduce age-related losses of BMD, but do not increase BMD. Increased compliance resulted in increased BMD levels. No adverse effects were found in the blood chemistry tests, self-reported quality of life and daily tracking reports. The Plans tested suggest a significant improvement over the traditional calcium and vitamin D(3) standard of care.

Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Ascorbic Acid; Blood Glucose; Body Weight; Bone Density; Boron; C-Reactive Protein; Calcium; Cholecalciferol; Comparative Effectiveness Research; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Lipids; Magnesium; Middle Aged; Minerals; Motor Activity; Patient Education as Topic; Plant Extracts; Quality of Life; Strontium; Treatment Outcome; Vitamin K 2

To investigate the effect of vitamin K2 treatment for a year on spinal bone mineral density (BMD) in postmenopausal women, comparing with vitamin D3 hormone replacement therapy and to determine the factors which affect the efficacy of vitamin K2 therapy.. Seventy-two postmenopausal women were randomized into four groups and treated with respective agents. Before the therapy, 6 and 12 months after the treatment, their lumbar spine BMD were measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry. The rates of change in BMD (delta BMD) were calculated. Correlations of BMD with age, year since menopause and the initial BMD were determined.. Vitamin K2 suppressed the decrease in spinal BMD as compared with no treatment group. BMD in women treated with vitamin K2 was inversely correlated with their age (r = -0.54; P < 0.05).. Vitamin K2 therapy may be a useful method for preventing postmenopausal spinal bone mineral loss. In addition, the therapy should be started early in postmenopausal period.

Topics: Bone Density; Cholecalciferol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Lumbar Vertebrae; Middle Aged; Osteoporosis, Postmenopausal; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2

The content and composition of dietary supplements is of great interest due to their increasing consumption and variety of available brand offered in the market. Accurate determination of vitamins is important for the improvement of dietary supplement quality and nutrition assessments. In this regard, the simultaneous determination of vitamin D3 (calcitriol-CT and cholecalciferol-CHL) and K2 (menaquinone-4-MK-4 and menaquinone-7-MK-7) in dietary supplements was developed by using ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC). The overall runtime per sample was above 35 min, with the retention times of 2.40, 6.59, 7.06, and 32.6 min for vitamin D3 (CT and CHL) and vitamin K2 (MK-4 and MK-7), respectively. The limits of detection and limits of quantification for the target nutritional compounds ranged between 0.04-0.05 µg/mL, respectively. The validation results indicated that the method had reasonable linearity (

Topics: Calcitriol; Cholecalciferol; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dietary Supplements; Vitamin K 2

This study analyzed associations between plasma vitamin D(3) (25OHD(3)) and bone mineral density (BMD) and whether the effects of conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) on BMD are modulated by 25OHD(3).. Fifty cynomolgus monkeys were fed a diet containing 25OHD(3) (providing a woman's equivalent of 1000 IU/day of 25OHD3). The monkeys underwent bilateral oophorectomy and were randomized to either CEE (equivalent of 0.45 mg/day) (n=25) or placebo (n=25) and continued receiving the same diet. 25OHD(3) and BMD were measured at randomization and after 6 months. BMD also was measured after 20 months (equivalent to 6 human years). Associations between 25OHD(3) and BMD were subsequently analyzed.. Baseline 25OHD(3) plasma concentrations varied from 26 to 95 ng/mL (mean±standard deviation [SD] 54 ± 15 ng/mL). Higher plasma concentrations of 25OHD(3) were associated with a significantly increased BMD. Monkeys on both CEE and placebo had increased BMD over 20 months; however, the increase was not significantly different (0.034 g/cm(2) vs. 0.020 g/cm(2), respectively; p=0.064). The 20-month BMD increased significantly with CEE treatment in those with higher vs. lower 25OHD(3) concentrations (p=0.027). The percent change in BMD over 20 months also increased significantly with CEE treatment in those with higher vs. lower 25OHD(3) concentrations (p=0.018). A higher 25OHD(3) concentration had no significant effect on BMD in those receiving placebo.. Monkeys fed a diet containing 1000 IU/day equivalent of 25OHD(3) have a wide range of plasma 25OHD(3) concentrations. Those receiving CEE with higher 25OHD(3) concentrations had higher BMDs, suggesting 25OHD(3) and CEE have synergistic effects on BMD.

Topics: Animals; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Body Mass Index; Bone Density; Cholecalciferol; Cohort Studies; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Estradiol; Estrogen Replacement Therapy; Estrogens; Estrogens, Conjugated (USP); Hemostatics; Longitudinal Studies; Macaca fascicularis; Models, Animal; Postmenopause; Vitamin K 2; Vitamins

To evaluate whether the vitamin D3 level in the plasma influences the inhibitory effect of vitamin K2 on bone loss, vitamin K2 (25 mg/kg/day) was administered to ovariectomized (OVX) rats fed a diet containing vitamin D3 (V.D.(+)) or a diet deficient in vitamin D3 (V.D.(-)). After 3 months of treatment, the plasma 25-OH-vitamin D3 (25-OH-D3) level in the V.D(-)-sham group was about 1/3 of that in the V.D(+)-sham group. The plasma calcium level and alkaline phosphatase activity were also significantly lower in the V.D(-)-sham group than in the V.D(+)-sham group. In the V.D(+) group, the plasma 25-OH-D3 level in the vitamin K2 group was about 1.5 times higher than that in the OVX-control group. Ovariectomy resulted in a significant decrease in bone density, bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) of femurs in both the V.D(+) and V.D(-) groups. In the V.D(-) group, vitamin K2 had no marked effect on the bone loss. In the V.D(+) group, the bone density and BMD in the mid portion of the femur were significantly increased by vitamin K2 treatment. These findings suggest that the effect of vitamin K2 on bone loss is affected by the vitamin D3 level in the plasma.

Topics: Animals; Bone Density; Bone Resorption; Cholecalciferol; Drug Synergism; Female; Femur; Ovariectomy; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Vitamin K; Vitamin K 2