Page last updated: 2024-08-17

chloroform and morphine

chloroform has been researched along with morphine in 49 studies

Research

Studies (49)

Timeframe	Studies, this research(%)	All Research%
pre-1990	43 (87.76)	18.7374
1990's	0 (0.00)	18.2507
2000's	5 (10.20)	29.6817
2010's	1 (2.04)	24.3611
2020's	0 (0.00)	2.80

Authors

Authors	Studies
Campillo, NE; Guerra, A; Páez, JA	1
Bonnardot, JP; Bonvoisin, R; Brulé, M; Charron, R; Deligné, P; Tavernier, M	1
Culver-James, J	1
Gordon, JM; Melzack, R; Mount, BM	1
Funatsu, T; Futatsuya, Y; Hatakenaka, R; Ikeda, S; Kuwabara, M; Matsubara, Y; Miyamoto, S; Miyamoto, Y; Ninomiya, K	1
Janda, R; Kaistha, KK; Tadrus, R	1
Nakajima, M	1
McDowall, DG	1
Fuller, GC; Lal, H; Olshan, A; Puri, SK	1
Gillette, JR; Krishna, G; Maling, HM; Sipes, IG; Stripp, B	1
Esmailzadeh, A; Lafarge, JP; Lebbe, J; Lich, NP; Truhaut, R	1
Dominguez, AM; Goldbaum, LR	1
Behnsen, G; Kühn, L; Pfeifer, S	1
Kubasik, NP; Sine, HE; Woytash, J	1
Doctor, BP; Kullberg, MP; McGowan, FJ; Miller, WL	1
Gorodetzky, CW	1
Semmens, JM	1
Cook, A; Harrison, AJ	1
Dadan, H; Zalewski, J	1
Ghosh, MN; Singh, H	2
Camponovo, LE; Maggi, N	1
Lampard, DG; Redman, SJ	1
Odashiro, M	1
Fujita, K; Kinoshita, F; Saotome, H; Sawada, F; Shigematsu, Y; Shiraishi, T; Suzuki, S; Tanishima, Y; Wakabayashi, K	1
Burton, J	1
Atkinson, WM; Bowen, JM; Purdie, N	1
Hilaire, J; Kammerer, J	1
Caronna, JJ; D'Aquisto, R; Fischbeck, KH; Mata, M	1
Howrie, DL	1
Glover, DD; Jacknowitz, AI; Lowry, TF	1
Schad, RF	1
Hone, S; Rowley, H; Timon, C; Walshe, P	1
GLASTONBURY, HA	1
TAYLOR, CR	1
NICHOLAS, DJ	1
CONLON, MF	1
JACKSON, RH	1
LASZLO, I	1
CONWAY, CM; PAYNE, JP	1
BERKUTOV, AN; HURISHCHENKO, KA; TSYBULIAK, GN	1
TAKEMORI, AE	1
Hadjiakhoondi, A; Khanavi, M; Sharifzadeh, M; Susanabadi, M	1
Silberman, HC	2
Kumar, GH; Mat Jais, AM; Somchit, MN; Sulaiman, MR; Zakaria, ZA	1
Biermé, S; Cabannes, R; de Boissezon, JF; Sendrail, A	1
Halitsky, V; Krumholz, BA	1

Reviews

2 review(s) available for chloroform and morphine

Article	Year
Pharmacology of the cerebral circulation. International anesthesiology clinics, 1969,Fall, Volume: 7, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Barbiturates; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chloroform; Chlorpromazine; Cyclopropanes; Epinephrine; Ethers; Fentanyl; Halothane; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Methoxyflurane; Morphine; Nitrous Oxide; Norepinephrine; Phenoperidine; Succinylcholine; Sympathomimetics; Trichloroethylene; Tubocurarine	1969
A system for the toxicological analysis of drugs in biological specimens. Progress in chemical toxicology, 1974, Volume: 5 Topics: Acids; Alkalies; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chloroform; Chromatography, Gas; Ethers; Fluorometry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Morphine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Toxicology	1974

Article

Year

Pharmacology of the cerebral circulation.

International anesthesiology clinics, 1969,Fall, Volume: 7, Issue:3

Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Barbiturates; Central Nervous System Stimulants; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Chloroform; Chlorpromazine; Cyclopropanes; Epinephrine; Ethers; Fentanyl; Halothane; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Methoxyflurane; Morphine; Nitrous Oxide; Norepinephrine; Phenoperidine; Succinylcholine; Sympathomimetics; Trichloroethylene; Tubocurarine

1969

A system for the toxicological analysis of drugs in biological specimens.

Progress in chemical toxicology, 1974, Volume: 5

Topics: Acids; Alkalies; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chloroform; Chromatography, Gas; Ethers; Fluorometry; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Morphine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility; Solvents; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Toxicology

1974

Trials

2 trial(s) available for chloroform and morphine

Article	Year
The Brompton mixture versus morphine solution given orally: effects on pain. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1979, Feb-17, Volume: 120, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Chloroform; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cocaine; Codeine; Confusion; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Nausea; Neoplasms; Pain, Intractable; Phenothiazines; Sleep Stages	1979
Co-phenylcaine as an alternative to Brompton's solution in rigid nasendoscopy: a pilot study. Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 27, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Endoscopy; Ethanol; Humans; Lidocaine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Decongestants; Phenylephrine; Pilot Projects	2002

Article

Year

The Brompton mixture versus morphine solution given orally: effects on pain.

Canadian Medical Association journal, 1979, Feb-17, Volume: 120, Issue:4

Topics: Administration, Oral; Analgesics; Chloroform; Clinical Trials as Topic; Cocaine; Codeine; Confusion; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Nausea; Neoplasms; Pain, Intractable; Phenothiazines; Sleep Stages

1979

Co-phenylcaine as an alternative to Brompton's solution in rigid nasendoscopy: a pilot study.

Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics, 2002, Volume: 27, Issue:3

Topics: Administration, Intranasal; Adult; Aged; Anesthetics, Local; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Endoscopy; Ethanol; Humans; Lidocaine; Middle Aged; Morphine; Nasal Cavity; Nasal Decongestants; Phenylephrine; Pilot Projects

2002

Other Studies

45 other study(ies) available for chloroform and morphine

Article	Year
Neural computational prediction of oral drug absorption based on CODES 2D descriptors. European journal of medicinal chemistry, 2010, Volume: 45, Issue:3 Topics: Administration, Oral; Humans; Models, Chemical; Neural Networks, Computer; Permeability; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Technology, Pharmaceutical	2010
[Treatment of terminal conditions with hyperalgia]. Annales de l'anesthesiologie francaise, 1978, Volume: 19, Issue:9 Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Chloroform; Cocaine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Terminal Care	1978
The Brompton mixture. Canadian Medical Association journal, 1979, Jun-09, Volume: 120, Issue:11 Topics: Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Pain; Palliative Care	1979
[Treatment of intolerable pain in the patients with terminal cancer--effects of the Brompton mixture (author's transl)]. Nihon Gan Chiryo Gakkai shi, 1979, Oct-20, Volume: 14, Issue:6 Topics: Adult; Aged; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Pain, Intractable	1979
Simultaneous detection of a wide variety of commonly abused drugs in a urine screening program using thin-layer identification techniques. Journal of chromatography, 1975, Apr-16, Volume: 107, Issue:2 Topics: 1-Propanol; Ammonia; Ammonium Chloride; Amphetamine; Barbiturates; Chloroform; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Codeine; Humans; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Indicators and Reagents; Ion Exchange Resins; Methadone; Methamphetamine; Methylphenidate; Morphine; Opium; Phenmetrazine; Substance-Related Disorders	1975
[Clinical description of pain. 15. Use of narcotic analgesics (II). Oral administration--Brompton cocktail]. Kangogaku zasshi, 1985, Volume: 49, Issue:7 Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Intractable	1985
Induction of hepatic drug metabolism in rats by methylchloroform inhalation. The Journal of pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, 1970, Volume: 175, Issue:2 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adrenalectomy; Aminopyrine; Animals; Chloroform; Cycloheximide; Cytochromes; Dactinomycin; Enzyme Induction; Hexobarbital; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Male; Meprobamate; Microsomes, Liver; Morphine; NADP; Protein Binding; Rats; Reflex; Zoxazolamine	1970
Enhanced hepatic microsomal activity by pretreatment of rats with acetone or isopropanol. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine (New York, N.Y.), 1973, Volume: 142, Issue:1 Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetone; Animals; Carbon Isotopes; Carbon Tetrachloride; Chloroform; Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System; Cytochrome Reductases; Male; Microsomes, Liver; Morphine; NAD; NADP; Nitrosamines; Protein Binding; Rats	1973
[Detection and determination of morphine in urine by gas chromatography. Application to the detection of morphine and heroin addiction]. Annales de biologie clinique, 1974, Volume: 32, Issue:5 Topics: Acetates; Chloroform; Chromatography, Gas; Ethane; Ethanol; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Mass Screening; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Solvents	1974
[Stability of alkaloids in organic solvents. 1]. Die Pharmazie, 1972, Volume: 27, Issue:10 Topics: Acetone; Alkaloids; Atropine; Benzene; Caffeine; Chloroform; Codeine; Darkness; Drug Stability; Ethanol; Light; Methanol; Morphine; Noscapine; Papaverine; Physostigmine; Pilocarpine; Quinine; Radiation; Reserpine; Scopolamine; Solvents; Temperature; Thebaine	1972
Simple gas-liquid chromatographic method for confirming the presence of alkaloids in urine. Clinical chemistry, 1973, Volume: 19, Issue:3 Topics: 1-Propanol; Chloroform; Chromatography, Gas; Cocaine; Codeine; Methadone; Methods; Morphine; Solubility	1973
Studies in the single extraction of amphetamine and phenobarbital from urine using XAD-2 resin. Biochemical medicine, 1973, Volume: 7, Issue:2 Topics: Acetates; Amphetamine; Butanols; Carbon Isotopes; Chlorine; Chloroform; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Halogenated; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydrolysis; Ion Exchange Resins; Male; Methods; Morphine; Phenobarbital; Solvents	1973
Efficiency and sensitivity of two common screening methods for detecting morphine in urine. Clinical chemistry, 1973, Volume: 19, Issue:7 Topics: 1-Propanol; Carbon Isotopes; Chloroform; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Exchange Resins; Mass Screening; Methods; Morphine; Paper; Solubility; Substance-Related Disorders	1973
Letter: Chlorodyne dependence. British medical journal, 1974, May-04, Volume: 2, Issue:5913 Topics: Blood Glucose; Chloroform; Chlorpromazine; Drug Combinations; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Newborn, Diseases; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Morphine; Opium; Pregnancy; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome	1974
A case history of drug addiction and a T.L.C. system for the separation and identification of some drugs of addiction in sub-microgramme amounts. Journal - Forensic Science Society, 1969, Volume: 9, Issue:3 Topics: Acute Kidney Injury; Adult; Ammonia; Antitussive Agents; Chloroform; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cocaine; Cyclizine; Heroin; Humans; Hypotension; Ketones; Male; Methods; Morphine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Substance-Related Disorders	1969
[Conservative therapy of residual cholelithiasis]. Deutsche Zeitschrift fur Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselkrankheiten, 1970, Volume: 30, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Anesthesia, Local; Chloroform; Cholelithiasis; Codeine; Female; Humans; Lidocaine; Morphine; Mustard Plant; Oils; Phosphates; Plants, Medicinal; Radiography	1970
Effects of morphine and nalorphine on volatile anaesthetics in mice. Indian journal of physiology and pharmacology, 1968, Volume: 12, Issue:4 Topics: Anesthetics; Animals; Chloroform; Ethyl Ethers; Halothane; Male; Mice; Morphine; Nalorphine; Preanesthetic Medication; Reflex; Respiration	1968
[On the pharmacology of the blood sugar decreasing substance Glycodiazine]. Arzneimittel-Forschung, 1968, Volume: 18, Issue:5 Topics: Animals; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Chloroform; Dogs; Ethers; Hypoglycemic Agents; Morphine; Rabbits; Respiration; Stimulation, Chemical; Sulfonamides	1968
Stochastic stimulqtion for the pharmacological study of monosynaptic spinal reflexes. European journal of pharmacology, 1969, Volume: 5, Issue:2 Topics: Acridines; Animals; Bemegride; Cats; Chloralose; Chloroform; Electric Stimulation; Ethers; Halothane; Methods; Methohexital; Morphine; Motor Neurons; Neural Conduction; Pentobarbital; Phenylacetates; Thiopental; Trichloroethylene	1969
Comparative evaluation of the effects of some common premedications on the safety index of volatile anaesthetics in mice. British journal of anaesthesia, 1967, Volume: 39, Issue:3 Topics: Anesthesia, Inhalation; Animals; Atropine; Chloroform; Ethyl Ethers; Halothane; Male; Meperidine; Mice; Morphine; Pentobarbital; Promethazine; Scopolamine	1967
Drug treatment of cancer pain. The Medical letter on drugs and therapeutics, 1982, Oct-29, Volume: 24, Issue:621 Topics: Analgesics; Analgesics, Opioid; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Administration Schedule; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Narcotic Antagonists; Neoplasms; Pain	1982
[Current analgesic methods. 1) Internal administration of (modified) Brompton mixture]. [Hokkaido igaku zasshi] The Hokkaido journal of medical science, 1982, Volume: 57, Issue:4 Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Palliative Care	1982
[The effect of Brompton mixture for pain control in terminal cancer]. Josai Shika Daigaku kiyo. The Bulletin of the Josai Dental University, 1982, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Mandibular Neoplasms; Morphine; Palliative Care; Stomach Neoplasms	1982
Respiratory care update! Brompton mixture. Critical care update, 1983, Volume: 10, Issue:3 Topics: Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Intractable; Palliative Care; Terminal Care	1983
Determination of "Brompton's cocktails" by circular dichroism. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences, 1984, Volume: 73, Issue:12 Topics: Chloroform; Circular Dichroism; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Morphine	1984
[Clinical value of morphine via the oral route in the treatment of pain in cancer patients in the terminal stage]. Revue de l'infirmiere, 1984, Volume: 34, Issue:15 Topics: Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain, Intractable; Terminal Care	1984
Brompton mixture taken intravenously by a heroin addict. The Western journal of medicine, 1980, Volume: 133, Issue:1 Topics: Adult; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Heroin Dependence; Humans; Male; Morphine; Substance-Related Disorders	1980
Brompton mixture for pain relief. The Journal of pediatrics, 1981, Volume: 99, Issue:4 Topics: Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Pain	1981
Brompton's mixture in alleviating pain of terminal neoplastic disease: preliminary results. Southern medical journal, 1980, Volume: 73, Issue:3 Topics: Aged; Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Drug Evaluation; Ethanol; Female; Georgia; Hospices; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Morphine; Neoplasms; Pain, Intractable	1980
Brompton's mixture for chronic pain. Southern medical journal, 1980, Volume: 73, Issue:10 Topics: Chloroform; Codeine; Drug Combinations; Ethanol; Humans; Morphine; Pain, Intractable	1980
Changes in the hydrocyanic acid content of chlorodyne on storage. The Journal of pharmacy and pharmacology, 1952, Volume: 4, Issue:10 Topics: Chloroform; Drug Combinations; Humans; Hydrogen Cyanide; Morphine; Opium	1952
The effect of analgesia and anesthesia on the initial fetal respirations, with particular reference to the use of chloroform, levallorphan, and halothane. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1961, Volume: 81 Topics: Analgesia; Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Obstetrical; Chloroform; Halothane; Infant, Newborn; Levallorphan; Morphine; Respiration	1961
ADDICTION TO CHLORODYNE. British medical journal, 1963, Nov-23, Volume: 2, Issue:5368 Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Chloroform; Drug Combinations; Morphine; Opium; Toxicology	1963
ADDICTION TO CHLORODYNE. British medical journal, 1963, Nov-09, Volume: 2, Issue:5366 Topics: Alcohols; Behavior, Addictive; Chloroform; Drug Combinations; Ethers; Humans; Morphine; Morphine Dependence; Neurologic Manifestations; Opium; Substance-Related Disorders; Toxicology	1963
ADDICTION TO CHLORODYNE. British medical journal, 1963, Dec-07, Volume: 2, Issue:5370 Topics: Behavior, Addictive; Chloroform; Drug Combinations; Humans; Morphine; Opium	1963
REMOVAL OF INTERFERING NUCLEOTIDES FROM BRAIN EXTRACTS CONTAINING SUBSTANCE P. EFFECT OF DRUGS ON BRAIN CONCENTRATIONS OF SUBSTANCE P. British journal of pharmacology and chemotherapy, 1963, Volume: 21 Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Brain; Chloroform; Chlorpromazine; Dogs; Ether; Ethers; Guinea Pigs; Histocytochemistry; Ileum; Insulin; Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; Mice; Morphine; Nucleotides; Peptides; Pharmacology; Rabbits; Rats; Research; Reserpine; Substance P	1963
CARDIOVASCULAR, RESPIRATORY AND METABOLIC CHANGES DURING CHLOROFORM ANAESTHESIA. British journal of anaesthesia, 1963, Volume: 35 Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthesia, Inhalation; Anesthesiology; Atropine; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Circulation; Blood Pressure; Blood Pressure Determination; Chloroform; Hot Temperature; Humans; Meperidine; Metabolism; Morphine; Pentobarbital; Physiology; Preanesthetic Medication; Respiration	1963
[TREATMENT OF TETANUS PATIENTS WITH NEUROPLEGIC AND MUSCLE-RELAXANT DRUGS]. Vestnik khirurgii imeni I. I. Grekova, 1963, Volume: 91 Topics: Barbiturates; Chloral Hydrate; Chloroform; Ethanol; Ether; Humans; Magnesium Sulfate; Morphine; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Nitrous Oxide; Respiration; Respiration, Artificial; Tetanus; USSR	1963
EFFECT OF CENTRAL DEPRESSANT AGENTS ON CEREBRAL GLUCOSE 6-PHOSPHATE DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY OF RATS. Journal of neurochemistry, 1965, Volume: 12 Topics: Adrenal Glands; Brain; Chloroform; Erythrocytes; Ethanol; Glucose; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Kidney; Liver; Meperidine; Methadone; Morphine; NADP; Nalorphine; Pentobarbital; Pharmacology; Phosphates; Rats; Research; Spleen; Sulfhydryl Compounds	1965
Effects of aqueous, methanolic and chloroform extracts of rhizome and aerial parts of Valeriana officinalis L. on naloxone-induced jumping in morphine-dependent mice. Addiction biology, 2006, Volume: 11, Issue:2 Topics: Animals; Chloroform; Methanol; Mice; Morphine; Naloxone; Narcotics; Phytotherapy; Psychomotor Disorders; Rhizome; Solutions; Substance-Related Disorders; Valerian; Water	2006
The many aspects of chlorodyne: Part 2: chlorodyne in confectionery. Pharmaceutical historian, 2006, Volume: 36, Issue:3 Topics: Chloroform; Drug Combinations; Drug Industry; England; History of Pharmacy; History, 19th Century; History, 20th Century; Morphine; Opium	2006
The many aspects of chlorodyne, part 1: the years 1846-1884. Pharmaceutical historian, 2006, Volume: 36, Issue:2 Topics: Chloroform; Drug Combinations; Drug Compounding; England; History, 19th Century; Humans; Morphine; Opium	2006
Antinociceptive, antiinflammatory and antipyretic properties of Channa striatus fillet aqueous and lipid-based extracts in rats. Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology, 2008, Volume: 30, Issue:5 Topics: Amino Acids; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Aspirin; Carrageenan; Chloroform; Edema; Fatty Acids; Fishes; Formaldehyde; Inflammation; Lipids; Male; Methanol; Morphine; Muscle, Skeletal; Pain Measurement; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solvents; Tissue Extracts; Water	2008
[Spectrophotometric study and chloroform extraction for the determination of bilirubin and associated pigments in the amniotic fluid]. Revue francaise de transfusion, 1969, Volume: 12, Issue:1 Topics: Amniotic Fluid; Arteries; Bilirubin; Chloroform; Densitometry; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Heme; Hemoglobinometry; Humans; Immunization; Infant, Newborn; Meconium; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System; Serum Albumin; Spectrophotometry; Vernix Caseosa	1969
Amniotic fluid analysis in erythroblastosis fetalis. 3. The chloroform extract and its relationship to the log delta O.D.450. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology, 1970, Apr-15, Volume: 106, Issue:8 Topics: Absorption; Albumins; Amniotic Fluid; Animals; Bilirubin; Cattle; Chloroform; Erythroblastosis, Fetal; Female; Heme; Hemoglobins; Humans; Male; Meconium; Oxygen; Pregnancy; Proteins; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Solvents	1970