chlorantranilipole and decamethrin

Tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum L. is grown widely as an important day-to-day demand vegetable. The crop is attacked by various polyphagous insect pests like tomato fruit borer, stink bug, cabbage looper, flea beetle, aphids, whitefly, two-spotted spider mite, etc., and oligophagous insects like leaf-miner, five-spotted hawkmoth, etc. To combat the damage and yield loss, various chemical insecticides were sprayed on tomatoes under field conditions. The residual pattern of insecticides like chlorantraniliprole, thiamethoxam, flubendiamide, and deltamethrin residues was studied following applications of chlorantraniliprole 18.5% SC (Coragen) @ 30 g a.i./ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG (Actara) @ 50 g a.i./ha, flubendiamide 39.35 M/M SC (Fame) @ 48 g a.i./ha and deltamethrin 2.8% EC (Decis 100) @ 12.5 g a.i./ha using Reverse Phase High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (RP-HPLC). Fruit samples were collected at 0 (1 h after application), 1, 2, 3, 5, 7 days and at harvest time. All the residues of insecticides such as chlorantraniliprole (0.09 mg kg

Topics: Benzamides; Fruit; Insecticides; Pesticide Residues; Soil; Solanum lycopersicum; Thiamethoxam

Chrysoperla externa and Coleomegilla quadrifasciata are important biological control agents in peach orchards. However, orchard management with these predatory insects is viable only by using selective agrochemicals. The objective of this study is to evaluate the toxicity of nine agrochemicals used in peach orchards in larval and adult stages of the C. externa and C. quadrifasciata in laboratory conditions. The bioassays followed the methodologies proposed by the International Organization for Biological and Integrated Control (IOBC). Larvae and adults of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata were exposed to the dry residues of these products. Lethal and sublethal effects were evaluated in bioassays with the larval and adult stages of both predators. The agrochemicals were classified according to the IOBC guidelines. The insecticide chlorantraniliprole was harmless (class 1) to the larval stage of C. externa and C. quadrifasciata. Azadirachtin, copper 25% + calcium 10%, and deltamethrin were harmless to the adult stage of both insect species. The organophosphates fenitrothion and malathion were harmful (class 4) to both species in the larval and adult stages and should not be used in peach orchards. Therefore, this study demonstrates the importance of toxicity and the lethal and sublethal effects of these agrochemicals to better determine their compatibility with IPM in peach production.

Topics: Agriculture; Agrochemicals; Animals; Biological Control Agents; Coleoptera; Insecta; Insecticides; Larva; Limonins; Malathion; Nitriles; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Prunus persica; Pyrethrins

Neoleucinodes elegantalis (Guenée) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) is one of the major pests of solanaceous plants in South America. It is considered a great threat by the European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization due to the serious economic damage that it causes on tomato farms; therefore, controlling this pest is a challenging task in South America. Controlling N. elegantalis at the egg stage is the best way to prevent it from damaging crops; however, thorough studies about the effectiveness of chemicals on the different life stages of this insect pest are lacking. In this study, the effects of different chemical classes were evaluated on N. elegantalis adults, female oviposition behavior, larvae, eggs, and embryonic development. None of the tested insecticides demonstrated toxicity to the adults; however, the results showed that cartap hydrochloride affects oviposition behavior. Moreover, methomyl and cartap hydrochloride exhibited high toxicity against the eggs and larvae, with higher than 80% of mortality. These insecticides interrupted larval hatching and caused alterations in the chorion layer. Flubendiamide and deltamethrin demonstrated toxicity on N. elegantalis larvae; however, lufenuron, indoxacarb, methoxyfenozide, and chlorantraniliprole demonstrated low toxicity on both eggs and larvae, with lower than 70% of mortality. Fruit treated with cartap hydrochloride had a deterrent effect. The ovicidal activity revealed by methomyl and cartap hydrochloride might provide new approaches regarding insecticide effects on eggs. Methomyl, cartap hydrochloride, flubendiamide, and deltamethrin demonstrated toxicity on larvae. The evaluation of the chorion of the eggshell in this study has clarified the toxic effect of methomyl and cartap hydrochloride on eggs.

Topics: Animals; Benzamides; Female; Hydrazines; Insect Control; Insecticides; Juvenile Hormones; Larva; Lepidoptera; Methomyl; Nitriles; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Oviposition; Ovum; Oxazines; Pyrethrins; Solanum; Sulfones; Thiocarbamates

Lethal and sublethal effects of insecticides on target and non-target arthropods are a concern of pest management programs. Cycloneda sanguinea, Orius insidiosus and Chauliognathus flavipes are important biological control agents for aphids, whitefly, lepidopterus eggs, thrips and mites. All three test species were subjected to a toxicity study using the insecticides acephate, bifenthrin, chlorantraniliprole, chlorpyrifos, deltamethrin, imidacloprid, and thiamethoxam. Experiments were done in the lab and field. In the laboratory we evaluated the mortality and sublethal effects of the concentration that killed 20% of the population (LC20) on feeding, repellence and reproduction of the species tested. The lethal effects of these insecticides at the recommended doses was evaluated in the field. Concentration-response bioassays indicated chlorantraniliprole had the lowest toxicity, while chlorpyrifos and acephate were the most toxic. Test species exposed to filter paper surfaces treated with pyrethroids, neonicotinoids and organophosphates were repelled. On the other hand, test species were not repelled from surfaces treated with chlorantraniliprole. Chlorantraniliprole therefore seemed to be the least dangerous insecticide for these three beneficial arthropod test species.

Topics: Animals; Biological Control Agents; Chlorpyrifos; Coleoptera; Feeding Behavior; Female; Heteroptera; Imidazoles; Insecticides; Male; Neonicotinoids; Nitriles; Nitro Compounds; Organothiophosphorus Compounds; ortho-Aminobenzoates; Oxazines; Phosphoramides; Pyrethrins; Reproduction; Thiamethoxam; Thiazoles