cellulase and acetonitrile

A rapid method was developed to quantify diosgenin in Rhizoma Dioscoreae Zingiberensis. For the first time, sample solution was prepared by coupling pretreatment of raw material in cellulase and two-phase acid hydrolysis. After reconstitution, analysis was carried out on a C18 column, at 30°C, with acetonitrile and water (70:30, v/v) as mobile phase with flow rate of 1.0 mL min(- 1). Detection was carried out at 202 nm. Good linearity (r(2) = 0.9998) was established between concentration of analyte and peak area. The precision was >99% and the RSD of diosgenin contents for repeatability was 1.81%. The accuracy was supported with recoveries at 98.8%, 101.6% and 101.2%. The sample solution prepared using the proposed method contained higher content of diosgenin and was stable for 48 h. Due to the high efficiency of sample preparation and high reliability of the HPLC method, it is feasible to use this method for routine analysis of diosgenin in the herb.

Topics: Acetonitriles; Cellulase; Cellulose; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Dioscorea; Diosgenin; Hydrolysis; Molecular Structure; Plant Extracts; Plant Tubers

A systematic investigation on the effects of trifluoroethanol and acetonitrile at various concentrations on cellulase (EC 3.2.1.4) was studied by enzyme assay, intrinsic fluorescence, ANS binding, circular dichroism and ATR-Fourier transform infra red spectroscopy. The results show the presence of molten globule states at 3% (v/v) TFE and 80% (v/v) ACN. Cellulase aggregates at 25% (v/v) TFE and 90% (v/v) ACN, as detected by decrease in intrinsic and ANS fluorescence, loss in tertiary structure and enzyme activity, increase non-native β-sheet structure as evident from far-UV CD and FTIR spectra, increase in Thioflavin T fluorescence and shift in Congo red assay.

Topics: Acetonitriles; Aspergillus niger; Benzothiazoles; Biomimetics; Cellulase; Circular Dichroism; Congo Red; Protein Conformation; Protein Multimerization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Thiazoles; Trifluoroethanol

The hyphomycete Chalara (syn. Thielaviopsis) paradoxa produces endoglucanase activity during the late trophophase. The low molecular mass (35 kDa) endoglucanase purified from cultured broths works optimally at 37 degrees C and pH 5.0. The enzyme inactivates at pH below 3.0 and also at temperatures of 50 degrees C or higher, but it is stable at lower temperatures, including refrigeration temperature and freezing. The enzyme is inhibited by detergents, by EDTA, and by the divalent cations Hg(2+) and Ag(2+). It is also inhibited to some extent by 10 mM Zn(2+), Fe(2+), and Mg(2+), but it is stimulated by Mn(2+). Enzyme activity is not affected by reducing agents. In the presence of low concentrations of water miscible organic solvents (20%) endoglucanase activity is inhibited by 7% (for methanol) to 50% (for acetonitrile), and it is totally inhibited at higher solvent concentrations (50%). Enzyme activity is not affected by the water immiscible solvent ethyl acetate. Carboxymethylcellulose is the preferred substrate (K(m(app)) = 8.3 g/L; V(max(app)) = 1.1 microM/min). Hydrolysis of crystalline cellulosic substrates is very limited, but it is greatly enhanced by phosphoric acid swelling. The purified enzyme shows no activity toward disaccharides or aryl-glucosides. Its activity is inhibited by cellobiose.

Topics: Acetonitriles; Cations, Divalent; Cellulase; Detergents; Edetic Acid; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ferrous Compounds; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnesium; Mercury; Methanol; Mitosporic Fungi; Molecular Weight; Silver; Substrate Specificity; Temperature; Zinc

Cellulose microfibrils with an electron diffraction pattern characteristic of crystalline native cellulose I have been assembled abiotically by means of a cellulase-catalyzed polymerization of beta-cellobiosyl fluoride substrate monomer in acetonitrile/acetate buffer. Substantial purification of the Trichoderma viride cellulase enzyme was found to be essential for the formation of the synthetic cellulose I allomorph. Assembly of synthetic cellulose I appears to be a result of a micellar aggregation of the partially purified enzyme and the substrate in an organic/aqueous solvent system favoring the alignment of glucan chains with the same polarity and extended chain conformation, resulting in crystallization to form the metastable cellulose I allomorph.

Topics: Acetates; Acetonitriles; Buffers; Carbohydrate Sequence; Cellobiose; Cellulase; Cellulose; Cellulose 1,4-beta-Cellobiosidase; Electrons; Glycoside Hydrolases; Gold Colloid; Microscopy, Electron; Molecular Sequence Data; Scattering, Radiation; Staining and Labeling; Trichoderma