ceftiofur and flunixin-meglumine

The aim of the study was to test the effect of two treatments in cases of acute puerperal metritis (APM) and clinical metritis (CM).. Cows with APM and CM (n = 40)) were matched according to plasma fibrinogen levels (Fb) into three groups. Two negative control groups D (n = 11) and E (n = 17) were composed of healthy cows. The proportion of animals with APM and CM was similar within the groups. Treatment was started on the 3rd day postpartum (PP). In group A (n = 15), intramuscular (i.m.) administration of ceftiofur was used for five days in combination with flunixin for three days. Group B (n = 15) received i.m. administration of ceftiofur for five days followed by two injections of prostaglandin F2α, with an interval of 8 h, on the 8th day PP. Group C (n = 10) served as a control group with no treatment. The general health status, body temperature (BT) and vaginal discharge were evaluated daily. Endometrial biopsies for bacteriology were taken once a week for seven weeks PP. Blood samples for the analysis of acute phase proteins were collected once a week for six weeks PP. Samples for progesterone analysis were taken twice a week for seven weeks PP. Fertility performance data were recorded.. The area under the curve of BT was higher in group B than in group D cows (P < 0.05). No differences were found for vaginal discharge. There were no differences in bacterial growth, start of ovarian activity or serum amyloid-A or fibrinogen levels among the groups. The haptoglobin concentration was higher in the first and second weeks PP in group B compared with the other groups (P < 0.05). The number of days open was higher in group A than in both groups B and D (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate after the first two services was higher (P < 0.05) in groups B and D than in groups A and C. The number of services per pregnancy was lower in group B than in group C (P < 0.05).. Regardless of more severe uterine inflammation found in animals from group B, these cows showed the same fertility parameters as healthy animals.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Dairying; Dinoprost; Drug Combinations; Endometritis; Estonia; Female; Fertility; Inflammation; Postpartum Period; Puerperal Infection

In this field trial, a new combination product containing florfenicol and flunixin meglumine (FLOR-FM) was compared with commercially available products that contained only tulathromycin (TULA) or ceftiofur crystalline free acid (CCFA) for the treatment of undifferentiated fever (UF; rectal temperature >/=105.0 degrees F) in beef calves that received long-acting oxytetracycline at feedlot arrival. The overall mortality rate of the FLOR FM group (2.0%) was significantly (P less than .050) lower than the rates in the TULA and CCFA groups (10.0% and 20.0%, respectively; 50 animals/group), even though the first UF relapse rate of the FLOR FM group was significantly (P less than .050) higher than that of the TULA group. In the FLOR FM group, this resulted in per-animal economic advantages of Can$46.23 (versus TULA) and Can$108.77 (versus CCFA) based on equal costs for initial UF therapy. These results demonstrate that it is more cost-effective to administer FLOR FM than TULA or CCFA for initial UF therapy in feedlot calves at high risk for bovine respiratory disease that receive metaphylactic long-acting oxytetracycline at feedlot arrival.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Disaccharides; Drug Combinations; Fever; Heterocyclic Compounds; Housing, Animal; Thiamphenicol

The objective of this field trial was to evaluate effects of a single administration of 2.2 mg/kg of body weight (BW) of flunixin meglumine (FM) in addition to a systemic antibiotic treatment in cows with acute puerperal metritis (APM). Outcome variables tested were proportion of cows with a fever, prevalence of chronic endometritis 18 to 22 and 32 to 35 d in milk (DIM), and reproductive performance measures in the current lactation. In addition, serum concentrations of haptoglobin and fibrinogen were analyzed. Daily milk yield within 6 d after the first treatment was recorded. Cows were examined 4 to 5 DIM by rectal palpation and vaginoscopy, and rectal temperature was measured. Fetid vulvar discharge and a body temperature > or = 39.5 degrees C were signs of APM. Cows with APM were treated in the reference group with 1.0 mg/kg of BW of ceftiofur on 3 to 5 consecutive days (CEF, n = 119). In the study group, cows received the same antibiotic treatment as in CEF and 2.2 mg/kg of BW of FM on treatment d 1 (CEF + FM, n = 119). Blood samples were collected 4, 6, and 10 DIM and analyzed for concentrations of haptoglobin and fibrinogen. A group of cows without APM remained untreated and served as controls (n = 9). There were no significant differences between CEF and CEF + FM in the proportion of cows with fever 1 d after the first treatment (33.6 vs. 46.2%), milk yield per milking 10 DIM (7.5 +/- 0.3 vs. 7.6 +/- 0.3 kg in primiparous, 9.6 +/- 0.4 vs. 10.6 +/- 0.4 kg in multiparous cows), prevalence of chronic endometritis 32 to 35 DIM (64.3 vs. 52.2%), and in reproductive performance (31.5 vs. 34.3% conception to first AI, 58.0 vs. 54.6% pregnancy rate, 107.8 +/- 36.9 vs. 101.6 +/- 41.4 d open). Compared with the control, CEF and CEF + FM had significantly greater concentrations of haptoglobin (1.1 +/- 0.28 vs. 1.9 +/- 0.06 and 1.8 +/- 0.07 mg/mL at 4 DIM; 0.3 +/- 0.15 vs. 1.1 +/- 0.06 and 1.2 +/- 0.07 mg/mL at 10 DIM) and fibrinogen (2.2 +/- 0.17 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.14 and 3.7 +/- 0.13 g/L at 4 DIM; 1.9 +/- 0.1 vs. 2.6 +/- 0.1 and 3.0 +/- 0.13 g/L, respectively, at 10 DIM) on all test days. The additional treatment with FM had no effect on these acute phase proteins. In conclusion, the single administration of 2.2 mg/kg of BW of FM in addition to a systemic antibiotic treatment of cows having APM did not result in beneficial effects on clinical cure, milk yield within 6 d after the first treatment, or reproductive performance.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Chemical Analysis; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Dairying; Drug Therapy, Combination; Endometritis; Female; Fibrinogen; Haptoglobins; Lactation; Postpartum Period; Puerperal Disorders; Reproduction

Ceftiofur (CEF) and flunixin meglumine (FLU) are two drugs approved for use in beef and dairy cattle that are frequently used in combination for many diseases. These two drugs are the most commonly used drugs in dairy cattle in their respective drug classes. Two research groups have recently published manuscripts demonstrating altered pharmacokinetics of FLU and CEF in cows affected with naturally occurring mastitis. The objective of this study was to determine whether pharmacokinetics of flunixin meglumine administered intravenously or intramuscularly administered ceftiofur hydrochloride would be altered when co-administered versus individual administration to healthy dairy cattle. Ten cows were utilized in a three-period, three-treatment crossover design, with all cows receiving each treatment one time with a 10-day washout period between treatments. Following treatment, plasma and interstitial fluid samples were collected and stored for later analysis. Additionally, plasma ultrafiltrate was collected using microcentrifugation to determine plasma protein binding of each drug. Drug concentrations in plasma, plasma ultrafiltrate, and interstitial fluid were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The results of this trial indicate that drug interactions between FLU and CEF do not occur when the two drugs are administered simultaneously in healthy cattle. Further work is needed to determine whether this relationship is maintained in the presence of severe disease.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Cattle; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Extracellular Fluid; Female; Injections, Intramuscular; Injections, Intravenous; Mastitis, Bovine

Topics: Actinobacillus; Actinobacillus Infections; Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Horse Diseases; Horses; Male; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peritonitis

Collection of ileal digesta to evaluate AA digestibilities has become increasingly important in swine nutrition research. Steered ileocecal valve cannulation of pigs permits total collection of ileal digesta, while still allowing normal digesta flow during noncollection periods. This technique was modified and used with 64 crossbred barrows in five trials. Our procedural changes included preoperative i.v. administration of a broad-spectrum antibiotic and nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drug, sharp incision through the muscle layers of the laparotomy wound, use of a heparinized saline lavage solution, replacement of the guide ring with a stylette, and fixing the outer cannula barrel in place with a hose clamp. The current technique involves a right flank laparotomy, parallel and distal to the last rib, with the pig under general anesthesia. A stainless-steel ring (inner ring = 2.0 mm thick, 35.0 mm i.d.) is introduced into the ileal lumen through an enterotomy proximal to the origin of the ileocecal fold. A nylon string attached to this ring is threaded through the ileum and ileocecal valve into the cecum using a silastic stylette, which encases the string. A second stainless-steel ring (outer ring = 2.0 mm thick, 34 mm o.d.) is fixed in place around the ileum, distal to the inner ring and just proximal to the ileocecal valve. A polyurethane cannula barrel (barrel = 100 mm long, 26 mm i.d., 32 mm o.d.; flange = 70 mm o.d.) is introduced into the cecal lumen via an enterotomy through the lateral cecal band and secured in place with two purse-string sutures. The cannula is exteriorized through an incision caudal and proximal to the intial laparotomy site, where it is plugged using a cylindrical stopper (26 mm o.d., 55 mm long) and held in place by a second cannula barrel (barrel = 43 mm length, 33 mm i.d., 41 mm o.d.; flange = 80 mm o.d.). Procedural changes decreased postsurgical complications, as evidenced by decreased seepage around the cannula and fewer and less severe adhesions noted at necropsy. Based on five trials, this technique is a reliable means of collecting ileal digesta for nutrient analyses.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Catheterization; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Digestive System Physiological Phenomena; Digestive System Surgical Procedures; Ileocecal Valve; Male; Postoperative Complications; Swine

A 3-year-old female llama that was 3 months into her first lactation and 10 weeks pregnant was evaluated for anorexia of 24 hours' duration. On physical examination, the llama was in lateral recumbency, bradycardic, tachypneic, and hyperthermic. Palpation per rectum confirmed the presence of a possible dry fecal mass in the spiral colon. A tissue biopsy specimen of the liver was obtained, and histologic examination revealed moderate diffuse lipid accumulation within the hepatocytes. Lactated Ringer's solution was administered for rehydration, and partial parenteral nutrition was then initiated. Hepatic lipidosis is a disease characterized by abnormal accumulation of lipid in the liver and is associated with high mortality in camelids. Anorexia associated with hepatic lipidosis promotes further lipid mobilization and fatty infiltration of the liver. Partial parenteral nutrition with enteral supplementation may be used to maintain adequate energy intake and minimize further lipid mobilization. The distinctive metabolism of camelids may require higher amino acid supplementation relative to nonprotein calories in parenteral solutions than those traditionally provided to other species. Treatment with insulin may be effective

Topics: Animals; Anorexia; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Blood Chemical Analysis; Camelids, New World; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Dehydration; Fecal Impaction; Female; Insulin; Isotonic Solutions; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver Diseases; Parenteral Nutrition; Pregnancy; Ringer's Solution; Ultrasonography

A male dromedary camel was presented for a primary Streptococcal zooepidemicus septic peritonitis. An underlying gross lesion was not identified during abdominal exploratory surgery. The camel responded to peritoneal lavage, peritoneal drainage and systemic antibiotic therapy. Thrombophlebitis of the left jugular vein was diagnosed 14 days after surgery. The camel died of an unknown cause 24 days after surgery.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Antiemetics; Camelus; Catheters, Indwelling; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Drainage; Drug Therapy, Combination; Fatal Outcome; Gentamicins; Jugular Veins; Male; Metoclopramide; Peritonitis; Streptococcal Infections; Streptococcus equi; Therapeutic Irrigation; Thrombosis

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Drug Labeling; Gentamicins; Horse Diseases; Horses; Phenylbutazone; Societies; United States; Veterinary Medicine

Topics: Animals; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal; Bezoars; Cattle; Cattle Diseases; Cephalosporins; Clonixin; Esophageal Stenosis; Esophagus; Female; Fluid Therapy; Pregnancy