cefoxitin and ceforanide

A sensitive, accurate, precise and the same time simple and rapid method for the colorimetric determination of some cephalosporins of the second and third generations, such as: cefoxitin sodium (CFXT), cefaclor (CFCL), cefamandole nafate (CFMD), ceforanide l-lysine (CFRN), cefotaxime sodium (CFTX), and cefurozime sodium (CFRX) was described. The new method proposed is based: a) On the reduction of Fe(III) to Fe(II) by the drug analysed and b) On complexation of Fe(II) formed with o-Phenanthroline (O-Phen) consistently the formation of the well known highly stable orange-red coloured chelate complex [Fe(II)-(o-Phen)3]2+ which exhibits an absorption maximum at lambda = 510 nm (pH 4.50 +/- 0.2). Beer's law is obeyed for: 1.0 - 37.5 microgram mL-1 for CFX, 1.0 - 25.0 microgram mL-1 for CFMD, CFRN, and CFTX and 2.0 - 37.5 microgram mL-1 for CFTX and CFCL, while the apparent molar absorptivity ( epsilon in L mol-1cm-1) and the Sandell's sensitivity in (ngcm-2) both referred to the drug analyzed, are 1.29 x 10(4); 34.7 (CFXT), 7.61 x 10(3); 50.7 (CFCL), 3.33 x 10(4); 15.4 (CFMD), 2.60 x 10(4); 17.6 (CFRN) respectively. The regression line equation for each one of the above studied cephalosporins were calculated with a correlation coefficient 0.9997 < r < 1.0000; the accuracy and the precision of the method was considered as very satisfactory, while the results of a statistical analysis by means of the Student's t-test and the variance ratio F-test prove that no significant difference was observed between the results of the proposed method and those of official one.

Topics: Cefaclor; Cefamandole; Cefotaxime; Cefoxitin; Cefuroxime; Cephalosporins; Colorimetry; Indicators and Reagents; Molecular Structure; Sensitivity and Specificity

Bone and serum concentrations of five cephalosporins were assayed in 92 patients undergoing elective hip or knee prosthetic joint arthroplasty. One hundred twenty-five bone samples were assayed. Although there was no direct relation between serum and bone antibiotic concentrations, a trend toward increased bone antibiotic concentration for drugs with higher serum levels and longer half-lifes (cefazolin and ceforanide) was noted. Bone antibiotic concentrations were maximal within 60 minutes of drug administration. Although bone antibiotic concentrations following 2-g doses were greater than those following 1-g doses, the differences were not statistically significant. A trend toward higher bone antibiotic concentrations at hip surgery was noted, and this difference achieved statistical significance (p less than 0.05) for cefazolin. As a result of analysis of bone antibiotic concentrations, antimicrobial sensitivities, and cost, administration of 2 g of cefazolin immediately prior to operation, followed by 1 g every eight hours for 24 hours, is recommended in elective prosthetic joint surgery.

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Bone and Bones; Cefamandole; Cefazolin; Cefoxitin; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Hip Joint; Hip Prosthesis; Humans; Knee Joint; Knee Prosthesis; Middle Aged; Premedication

The pharmacokinetic properties of 10 antimicrobial agents were examined in sterile and infected encapsulated subcutaneous abscesses in mice. The inoculum for sterile abscesses was autoclaved cecal contents; that for infected abscesses was autoclaved cecal contents combined with Bacteroides fragilis. The antimicrobial agents examined were rosaramicin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, metronidazole, and six beta-lactam antibiotics. All antimicrobial agents entered abscesses, produced peak levels of biological activity that were somewhat delayed in comparison to serum levels, and were present in negligible levels 8 hr after administration. The highest concentration in abscesses was achieved with rosaramicin and clindamycin, with peak levels of 43%--63% of the peak serum level. Peak levels of other antimicrobial agents in sterile abscesses were 13%--27% of the peak serum level. Levels of biologically active during were significantly lower in infected abscesses than in sterile abscesses for antimicrobial agents that are inactivated by B. fragilis beta-lactamase.

Topics: Abscess; Animals; Bacteroides fragilis; Cefamandole; Cefoperazone; Cefoxitin; Cephalosporins; Cephalothin; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Lactams; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Skin

The in vitro antimicrobial activities of BL-S786, cefoxitin, and cefamandole against 90 isolates of Enterobacteriaceae, including Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter cloacae and E. aerogenes, were studied by using an agar dilution procedure. Comparison of geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentrations showed that BL-S786 was half as active as cefamandole against Enterobacter species, 2 to 4 times more active than cefamandole against all other species, and 4 to 25 times more active than cefoxitin against all species. In vivo experiments employed acute protection tests in infected mice, using five isolates each of the five genera. Drugs were administered intramuscularly in two doses 3 h apart at dosages of 2.5, 5, 10, 20, and 40 mg per mouse. In most instances, BL-S786 was the most efficacious drug, being some 1.3 to 9.1 times more active than cefoxitin in all experiments and 1.5 to 8.7 times more active than cefamandole in most experiments. BL-S786 and cefamandole were comparable in activity in experiments with E. aerogenes, whereas BL-S786 was superior in experiments with E. cloacae.

Topics: Animals; Cefamandole; Cefoxitin; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Escherichia coli; Female; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Proteus mirabilis