cefoxitin and cefbuperazone

Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefbuperazone, latamoxef, metronidazole, clindamycin and chloramphenicol were determined for 15 different anaerobic bacteria including Bacteroides spp., anaerobic cocci and Clostridium spp., in 18 European laboratories, who used their own methodology. The degree of intra- and inter-laboratory reproducibility was surprisingly good--87% of results fell on the modal MIC or were within one dilution of it and only 4.4% of the results differed by three or more dilutions. Results for clindamycin were the least reproducible, as were those for clostridia. Of the organisms that we tested Bacteroides fragilis ATCC 25285, NCTC 9343 emerged as the most suitable for use in quality control, and Peptococcus variabilis ATCC 14956 the most appropriate if a control for more slowly-growing species is required.

Topics: Ampicillin; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Bacteroides fragilis; Cefoxitin; Cephamycins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Peptococcus

In an experimental model of peritoneal infection by cephalosporinase- (Ia and Ic) producing bacteria in mice, the reduction of cefoxitin, cefmetazole, and cefazolin concentrations in peritoneal fluid was observed in the mice infected with the Ia enzyme producer, whereas cefbuperazone concentrations were not reduced.

Topics: Animals; Ascitic Fluid; beta-Lactamases; Cefazolin; Cefmetazole; Cefoxitin; Cephalosporinase; Cephalosporins; Cephamycins; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Enterobacter; Enterobacteriaceae Infections; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Peritonitis; Proteus Infections; Proteus vulgaris

Three new beta-lactams were evaluated against 94 anaerobic strains representing 15 species using a Wilkins-Chalgren broth microdilution method. The penems, Sch 29482 and Sch 34343, were most active with all minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) at less than or equal to 4.0 micrograms/ml and MIC90s of less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. BMY 28142 had a more limited antianaerobic activity against Bacteroides fragilis with a MIC50 and MIC90 of 32 and 128 micrograms/ml, respectively. Cefbuperazone (T-1982) had low B. fragilis MICs (MIC90, 8.0 micrograms/ml), but potentially resistant range MIC90 results for the other species in the B. fragilis group and Clostridium species.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteroides; Cefepime; Cefoperazone; Cefoxitin; Cephalosporins; Cephamycins; Chloramphenicol; Clindamycin; Clostridium; Lactams; Metronidazole; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Piperacillin

The in vitro activity of cefbuperazone was compared with that of cefoxitin, moxalactam, and piperacillin against 305 strains of anaerobic bacteria. Piperacillin was the most active overall, inhibiting 97% of all anaerobes tested at 128 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone had poor activity against the Bacteroides fragilis group and Clostridium difficile (43 and 0% susceptible, respectively) but good activity (90.5%) against all other anaerobic bacterial species tested.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cefoxitin; Cephamycins; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxalactam; Penicillin Resistance; Piperacillin

The activity of cefbuperazone, a 7 alpha-methoxy ureido cephalosporin, was determined against 726 clinical isolates. Ninety percent of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter diversus, Proteus mirabilis, Enterobacter aerogenes, Proteus vulgaris, Morganella morganii, Salmonella, and Shigella species were inhibited by less than or equal to 6.3 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone was more active than cefamandole, cefoxitin and piperacillin against these species. Concentrations of 25 micrograms/ml of cefbuperazone were needed to inhibit Serratia marcescens and Providencia species, and 50% of Enterobacter cloacae had MICs greater than 25 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone was less active by 8 to 32-fold than cefotaxime or moxalactam against most Enterobacteriaceae. Cefbuperazone did not inhibit Acinetobacter or Pseudomonas species. Hemolytic streptococci were inhibited by 12.5 micrograms/ml and staphylococci by 25 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone had activity comparable to cefoxitin and moxalactam against Bacteroides fragilis with MIC90s of 6.3 micrograms/ml. Cefbuperazone was not hydrolyzed by plasmid or chromosomal beta-lactamases and was an inhibitor of the P99 E. cloacae beta-lactamase with an I50 of 1 microgram/ml. It was a less effective inhibitor of the K. oxytoca K1 and E. coli TEM-1 beta-lactamases than was clavulanic acid. Cefbuperazone induced beta-lactamases in P. aeruginosa and resistant E. cloacae. A permeability barrier in E. cloacae, C. freundii and P. aeruginosa is suggested by the potentiation of cefbuperazone's activity by EDTA.

Topics: Bacteria; beta-Lactamases; Cefamandole; Cefoperazone; Cefotaxime; Cefoxitin; Cephamycins; Hydrolysis; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxalactam; Piperacillin

The activity of cefbuperazone against 266 strains of anaerobic bacteria was determined by the agar dilution method and compared with cefoxitin, moxalactam, piperacillin, and clindamycin. All strains were recent clinical isolates from community hospitals. All agents tested showed good activity against Bacteroides fragilis, Fusobacterium spp., Propionibacterium spp., Clostridium septicum, Clostridium perfringens, and the anaerobic, gram-positive cocci and gram-negative cocci. Cefbuperazone, cefoxitin, and moxalactam had poor activity against Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus, and Bacteroides distasonis. The susceptibility of other Clostridium spp., Lactobacillus spp., and Eubacterium lentum was variable. Our community hospital isolates showed a difference in susceptibility patterns from those reported from university and research centers. This supports the recommendation that clinical microbiology laboratories, including those in community hospitals, need to perform susceptibility testing on representative clinical isolates.

Topics: Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cefoxitin; Cephamycins; Clindamycin; Cross Infection; Hospitals, Community; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Moxalactam; Piperacillin

The in vitro activities of Sch 34343, a new penem antibiotic, and cefbuperazone, a new cephamycin antibiotic, were determined against 459 clinical anaerobic bacterial isolates and compared with the activities of imipenem and cefoxitin, respectively, by an agar dilution method. Both penems showed potent and similar activity against all anaerobic bacteria tested, particularly Peptococcus spp., Bacteroides fragilis, and Clostridium perfringens. All organisms except a single strain of Fusobacterium necrogenes were inhibited by an 8 micrograms/ml concentration of either Sch 34343 or imipenem. Overall, gram-positive bacilli, particularly Lactobacillus species, Clostridium difficile, and Bifidobacterium and Actinomyces species, were relatively more resistant to either penem than other genera of anaerobic bacteria tested. Cefbuperazone demonstrated only modest activity against a wide spectrum of anaerobic bacteria. It had excellent and selective activity against B. fragilis and Bacteroides vulgatus but was highly inactive against Bacteroides distasonis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron within the B. fragilis group. Both cephamycins showed virtually no activity against C. difficile and Lactobacillus spp. Although cefbuperazone was more active against Bifidobacterium spp., it had less activity against Fusobacterium spp., Eubacterium spp., and all Bacteroides spp. other than B. fragilis and B. vulgatus.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria, Anaerobic; Cefoxitin; Cephamycins; Lactams; Microbial Sensitivity Tests