caryophyllene-oxide and beta-pinene

Rosmarinus officinalis L. from Tunisia, popularly known as rosemary, is of a considerable importance for its medicinal uses and aromatic value. The aim of this study was to examine the chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) and to evaluate its antibiofilm activity on biofilm-forming bacterium and its anticancer activity on cancer cell lines.. The chemical composition of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (ROEO) was analyzed by GC-MS and its antibacterial activity was evaluated by micro-dilution method. The antibofilm activity of ROEO was evaluated using the crystal violet test and the cytotoxicity activity was determined by the MTT assay.. In this research, thirty-six compounds were identified in ROEO using GC-MS analyses. The main components were 1,8-cineole (23.56%), camphene (12.78%), camphor (12.55%) and β-pinene (12.3%). The antibacterial activity of ROEO was evaluated by micro-dilution method. The oil exhibited inhibition and bactericidal effect against two strains: Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 9144 and Staphylococcus epidermidis S61. It was found that the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) obtained for S. aureus and S. epidermidis ranged from 1.25 to 2.5 and from 0.312 to 0.625 μl ml. Our results demonstrate that ROEO could have a potential role in the treatment of diseases related to infection by microorganisms or proliferation of cancer cells.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Biofilms; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Camphor; Cell Survival; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexanols; Eucalyptol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; HeLa Cells; Humans; MCF-7 Cells; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Rosmarinus; Sesquiterpenes; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Terpenes; Tunisia

The chemical composition and antimicrobial activity studies on the essential oils of Hypericum rochelii Griseb. & Schenk and Hypericum umbellatum A. Kern. have been carried out for the first time. Seventy-nine compounds were identified in the essential oil of H. rochelii with n-nonane (24.7%), β-pinene (22.4%), germacrene D (7.5%), n-undecane (6.8%) and α-pinene (5.8%) as main constituents. One hundred and twenty-six compounds were identified in H. umbellatum essential oil with germacrene D (6.1%), (E)-nerolidol (4.4%), n-nonane (4.0%), (E)-caryophyllene (3.0%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.0%) as the most abundant components. Both oils were characterized by the presence of many components which could have numerous applications in food, pharmaceutical and perfume industries. Taxa studied herein belong to the section Drosocarpium Spach, and their intrasectional placement based on the essential oil profiles was discussed. The oils were tested in a broth microdilution assay against five bacterial and two fungal strains and found to have mainly moderate antimicrobial effects.

Topics: Alkanes; Anti-Infective Agents; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Hypericum; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Extracts; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

The essential oil from the rhizomes of Aframomum sceptrum (Zingiberaceae) was analyzed by GC/MS, and its major constituents were found to be β-pinene (12.7%), caryophyllene oxide (10.0%), and cyperene (6.0%). The oil was also evaluated for antimicrobial activities, in comparison with β-pinene, caryophyllene oxide, and the leaf essential oil of Melaleuca alternifolia (Myrtaceae). The A. sceptrum essential oil exhibited bacteriostatic activity against the Gram-positive bacteria Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and S. aureus, but not against Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, it showed mild fungicidal activity against Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigates, and remarkable antiprotozoal activity against Trypanosoma brucei brucei (MLC of 1.51 μl/ml) and Trichomonas vaginalis (IC(50) of 0.12±0.02 and MLC of 1.72 μl/ml).

Topics: Animals; Anti-Infective Agents; Antiprotozoal Agents; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cattle; Fungi; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Humans; Monoterpenes; Mycoses; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Rhizome; Sesquiterpenes; Trypanosoma brucei brucei; Trypanosomiasis, Bovine; Zingiberaceae

The essential oils of the flowers, leaves and stems of Senecio polyanthemoides Sch. Bip. Samples collected from two different localities within the city of uMhlathuze, KwaZulu-Natal Province (South Africa) were isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed using GC and GC/MS. Twenty-six constituents were identified, representing an average of 86.0 - 99.6% of the total oil composition. The chemical profile reveals the dominance of monoterpenoid compounds, although some quantitative variance was noticed. The main constituents of the oils were limonene (3.1 - 43.0%), p-cymene (4.9-36.3%), beta-selinene (1.3-32.7%), alpha-pinene (1.8-21.4%), beta-pinene (7.6-16.5%) and 1,8-cineole (9.3-11.4%), caryophyllene oxide (4.1-13.4%) and humulene epoxide II (8.6-10.3%).

Topics: Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cyclohexanols; Cyclohexenes; Cymenes; Eucalyptol; Flowers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Limonene; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Senecio; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; South Africa; Terpenes; Tetrahydronaphthalenes

The essential oils from the rhizomes of Cyperus rotundus L. collected from two different locations (Empangeni-A and KwaDlangezwa-B; both in the Kwa-Zulu Natal Province of South Africa) were obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by capillary GC and GC/MS. Forty-one and 43 components were identified, representing 89.9% and 92.0% of sample A and sample B, respectively. Alpha-cyperone (11.0%), myrtenol (7.9%), caryophyllene oxide (5.4%) and beta-pinene (5.3%) were major compounds in the oil of sample A. The main constituents of the oil of sample B were beta-pinene (11.3%), alpha-pinene (10.8%), alpha-cyperone (7.9%), myrtenol (7.1%) and alpha-selinene (6.6%).

Topics: Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Chromatography, Gas; Cyperus; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Ketones; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; South Africa