caryophyllene and anethole

The essential oils (EOs) from the Brazilian species Croton zehntneri, Pterodon emarginatus and Schinopsis brasiliensis were examined for their chemical constituents, and antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The composition of EOs was determined by using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry analysis, while the antioxidant activity was evaluated through the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activity was investigated against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (both Gram-negative), Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive) and Candida parapsilosis (fungus). The main components of C. zehntneri, P. emarginatus and S. brasiliensis were identified as estragole, trans-anethole, β-caryophyllene and myrcene. Among the EOs, P. emarginatus showed the highest antioxidant activity, with an IC50 of 7.36 mg/mL and a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity of 3748 μmol/g determined by DPPH and ORAC assays, respectively. All EOs showed low activities against the bacterial strains tested, whereas the C. zehntneri oil and its main constituent estragole exhibited an appreciable antifungal activity against C. parapsilosis.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anacardiaceae; Anisoles; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candida; Croton; Escherichia coli; Fabaceae; Free Radical Scavengers; Mass Spectrometry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sesquiterpenes; Staphylococcus aureus

The chemical composition of essential oil from pine needles (Cedrus deodara) was determined, and its antioxidant and antimicrobial activities were evaluated. Twenty-three components, representing 95.79% of the oil, were identified by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. The main components include α-terpineol (30.2%), linalool (24.47%), limonene (17.01%), anethole (14.57%), caryophyllene (3.14%), and eugenol (2.14%). Pine needle essential oil showed remarkable antioxidant activity in scavenging free radicals, in lipid peroxidation, and in reducing power assays. Moreover, the essential oil revealed strong antimicrobial activity against typical food-borne microorganisms, with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values of 0.2 to 1.56 and 0.39 to 6.25 μg/mL, respectively. Transmission electron microscope observation ascertained that the bactericidal mechanism of pine needle essential oil may be the induction of cytoplasmic outflow and plasmolysis. These results suggest that the essential oil from pine needles has potential to be used as a natural antioxidant and antimicrobial agent in food processing.. The present study provides a theoretical basis for the potential application of essential oil from pine needles (C. deodara) to be used as a natural resource of antioxidant and antimicrobial agents in food industry.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles; Anti-Infective Agents; Antioxidants; Bacteria; Cedrus; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Fungi; Limonene; Lipid Peroxidation; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

The essential oil composition of Feronia elephantum Correa (family: Rutaceae) was examined by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). The analysis revealed the presence of 24 constituents, of which 18 constituents were identified. Trans-anethole (57.73%) and methyl chavicol (37.48%) were the major compounds, while cis-anethole, p-anisaldehyde, (E)-jasmone, methyl eugenol, β-caryophyllene, linalool and (E)-methyl isoeugenol were also present as the minor constituents.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles; Benzaldehydes; Chromatography, Gas; Cyclopentanes; Eugenol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Oxylipins; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Rutaceae; Sesquiterpenes