caryophyllene and 3-carene

The chemical composition of essential oils obtained from the hydrodistillation of different parts of Amomum maximum Roxb and Amomum muricarpum C. F. Liang & D. Fang (Zingiberaceae) grown in Vietnam are reported. The analysis was performed by means of gas chromatography-flame ionisation detectoorand gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The major compounds identified in the oils of A. maximum were β-pinene (20.4-40.8%), α-pinene (6.8-15.0%), β-elemene (2.5-12.8%) and β-caryophyllene (2.3-10.3%). Moreover, β-phellandrene (11.6%) was present in the root oil. The main compound identified in all the oil samples of A. muricarpum was α-pinene (24.1-54.7%) and β-pinene (9.2-25.9%). In addition, limonene (7.4%) and δ-3-carene (9.4%) were present in the leaves and stem oils, respectively. However, while β-phellandrene (8.3%) could be seen prominent in the root oil, the fruits contained significant amount of zingiberene (6.3%). The largest amount of τ-muurolol (13.0%) was found in the flower oil.

Topics: Amomum; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Limonene; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes; Vietnam; Volatile Organic Compounds

This article reports the chemical components identified in the essential oil from the leaf and stem barks of Polyalthia harmandii (Pierre) Fin. and Gagnep., Polyalthia jucunda (Pierre) Fin. and Gagnep. and Polyalthia thorelii (Pierre) Fin. and Gagnep. The compounds identified in all the samples were α-pinene (0.2-3.2%), myrcene (0.3-4.1%), (E)-β-ocimene (0.2-9.6%), bicycloelemene (0.2-18.0%), β-elemene (0.3-4.9%), β-caryophyllene (0.1-17.8%), germacrene D (4.4-20.1%), bicyclogermacrene (4.2-27.9%) and δ-cadinene (0.2-4.5%). Besides, benzyl benzoate (9.7%) and ishwarane (8.0%), respectively, were the other prominent compounds in the leaf and stem of P. harmandii. In addition, δ-3-carene (8.2%), α-amorphene (6.5%), β-phellandrene (5.5%) and β-pinene (5.1%) were identified in P. jucunda leaf, while sabinene (30.9%) and β-phellandrene (10.2%) occurred largely in the stem. Moreover, γ-elemene (22.3% and 12.3%), germacrene D (10.5% and 6.9%) and spathulenol (9.1% and 11.8%) were identified in the leaf and stem of P. thorelii, while α-terpinene (7.8%) and β-gurjunene (5.2%) were identified only in the leaf oil.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Cyclopropanes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Polyalthia; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Vietnam

The secondary organic aerosol (SOA) mass yields from NO3 oxidation of a series of biogenic volatile organic compounds (BVOCs), consisting of five monoterpenes and one sesquiterpene (α-pinene, β-pinene, Δ-3-carene, limonene, sabinene, and β-caryophyllene), were investigated in a series of continuous flow experiments in a 10 m(3) indoor Teflon chamber. By making in situ measurements of the nitrate radical and employing a kinetics box model, we generate time-dependent yield curves as a function of reacted BVOC. SOA yields varied dramatically among the different BVOCs, from zero for α-pinene to 38-65% for Δ-3-carene and 86% for β-caryophyllene at mass loading of 10 μg m(-3), suggesting that model mechanisms that treat all NO3 + monoterpene reactions equally will lead to errors in predicted SOA depending on each location's mix of BVOC emissions. In most cases, organonitrate is a dominant component of the aerosol produced, but in the case of α-pinene, little organonitrate and no aerosol is formed.

Topics: Aerosols; Air Pollutants; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cyclohexenes; Kinetics; Limonene; Monoterpenes; Nitrates; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes; Volatile Organic Compounds

The need for new anthelmintic with no chemical residues is becoming urgent. In a program aiming at the evaluation of plant as sources of new active molecules, the anthelmintic activities of the essential oils (EOs) obtained from either Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides seeds or Newbouldia laevis leaves were evaluated against Strongyloides ratti by analyzing the results of two in vitro bioassays. These two plants and their tested parts were retained after an ethnopharmacology survey that confirmed their use by small-scale farmers for treatment of small ruminants affected by digestive helminths. The plants were harvested in Benin, and their EO were obtained by hydrodistillation. The EO yield of extraction was 0.65% (w/w) of for Z. zanthoxyloides seeds and 0.05% (w/w) for N. laevis. The chemical compositions of the two EOs were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. The major constituents of the EO from Z. zanthoxyloides consisted of the following compounds: γ-terpinene (18 %), undecane (15 %), valencene (8.3 %), decanal (8.3 %), and 3-carene (6.7 %). In contrast, the major constituents of the EO from N. laevis leaves consisted of the following compounds: β-caryophyllene (36 %) and eugenol (5.8 %). An egg-hatching inhibition (EHI) assay was developed and a larval migration inhibition assay was used on S. ratti to examine the effects of the EOs and to evidence their inhibitory concentrations (IC(50) and IC(90)) values on this nematode. Furthermore, the toxicity of the two EOs on Vero cell line was evaluated. When tested on S. ratti egg hatching, the two EOs resulted in similar IC(50) values (19.5 and 18.2 μg/ml for Z. zanthoxyloides and N. laevis, respectively), which were about sevenfold higher than that of the control (thiabendazole, IC(50) = 2.5 μg/ml). Larval migration was inhibited at similar concentrations for: Z. zanthoxyloides (IC(50) = 46 μg/ml), N. laevis (IC(50) = 51 μg/ml), and the control [levamisole (IC(50) = 36 μg/ml)]. No cytotoxicity was found on Vero cells because both EOs had IC(50) values higher than 50 μg/ml. Therefore, we have concluded that the EOs from two plants, used in folk medicine, may contain compounds with anthelmintic activity and could be used as improved traditional medicines or, at least, as food additives in a combined treatment for the control of helminth infections.

Topics: Aldehydes; Alkanes; Animals; Anthelmintics; Benin; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bignoniaceae; Chlorocebus aethiops; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Levamisole; Male; Medicine, Traditional; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sesquiterpenes; Strongyloides ratti; Thiabendazole; Vero Cells; Zanthoxylum

By the methods of headspace solid-phase micro extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and using Y-type olfactometer, this paper identified the volatiles from six tomato varieties (Zheza 809, Zheza 203, Hezuo 903, Kate No. 1, Huangtuoyan, and Jinfei), and bio-assayed the olfactory responses of female B-biotype Bemisia tabaci to the tomato plants and their released volatiles. Thirteen kinds of compounds in the volatiles collected from the six tomato varieties were identified, among which, terpenoids were the main components. However, the compositions and contents of the volatiles differed with tomato varieties. (+)-3-carene and beta-caryophyllene showed stronger repellency than other terpenoids to B-type B. tabaci. B-type B. tabaci showed the lowest preference to the tomato varieties such as Zheza 809 and Zheza 203 which contained more kinds of terpenoids and had higher proportion of terpenoids in the volatiles, and showed the greatest preference to the varieties like Huangtuoyan and Jinfei which contained fewer kinds of terpenoids and had lower proportion of terpenoids in the volatiles.

Topics: Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Female; Hemiptera; Host-Parasite Interactions; Monoterpenes; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Smell; Solanum lycopersicum; Terpenes; Volatile Organic Compounds