carbachol has been researched along with gallamine triethiodide in 89 studies
Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
---|---|---|
pre-1990 | 58 (65.17) | 18.7374 |
1990's | 18 (20.22) | 18.2507 |
2000's | 10 (11.24) | 29.6817 |
2010's | 3 (3.37) | 24.3611 |
2020's | 0 (0.00) | 2.80 |
Authors | Studies |
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Bonnet, D; Daval, SB; Galzi, JL; Hibert, M; Ilien, B; Kellenberger, E; Valant, C | 1 |
Bellows, DS; Clarke, ID; Diamandis, P; Dirks, PB; Graham, J; Jamieson, LG; Ling, EK; Sacher, AG; Tyers, M; Ward, RJ; Wildenhain, J | 1 |
Cahill, MA; Florey, E; Rathmayer, M | 1 |
Barnard, EA; Coates, V; Dolly, JO; Mallick, B | 1 |
Mahlers, HR; McQuarrie, C; Salvaterra, PM | 1 |
Greene, LA | 1 |
Changeux, JP; Moreau, M | 1 |
Changeux, JP; Popot, JL; Sugiyama, H | 1 |
Changeux, JP; Grünhagen, HH | 1 |
Clark, AL; Mitchelson, F | 1 |
Landauer, W | 1 |
Lau, WM; Szilagyi, M | 1 |
Brading, AF; Parekh, AB | 1 |
Bhattacharya, SK; Das Gupta, G; Sen, AP; Seth, K; Seth, PK | 1 |
Bohnett, M; Ellerbrock, BR; Messer, WS | 1 |
Audhya, T; el-Bizri, H; Goldstein, G; Quik, M | 1 |
Felix, W; Schneider, E | 1 |
Waud, BE; Waud, DR | 1 |
el-Fakahany, EE; Lee, NH | 1 |
Fahr, A; Heyn, MP; Hucho, F; Lauffer, L; Schmidt, D | 1 |
Boselli, C; Kenakin, T | 1 |
Akah, PA; Oriowo, MA | 1 |
Hassoni, AA; Kerkut, GA; Walker, RJ | 1 |
Bonaventure, N; Jardon, B; Rudolf, G; Wioland, N; Yucel, H | 1 |
Kunysz, EL; Michel, AD; Whiting, RL | 1 |
Limas, C; Limas, CJ | 1 |
Constanti, A; Williams, SH | 1 |
Angeli, P; Lambrecht, G; Melchiorre, C; Mutschler, E; Picchio, MT; Wess, J | 1 |
Simasko, SM; Soares, JR; Weiland, GA | 1 |
Eglen, RM; Whiting, RL | 1 |
Newberry, NR; Priestley, T; Woodruff, GN | 1 |
Nuske, JH | 1 |
Sarvey, JM; Williamson, AM | 1 |
Dryden, WF; Harvey, AL | 1 |
Lu, TC | 1 |
Waser, PG | 1 |
Schaer, H | 1 |
Schoffeniels, E | 1 |
Gulati, OD; Gupta, AK; Makol, R; Raghunath, PR; Shah, DS | 1 |
Beleslin, DB; Grabović, L; Radmanović, BZ | 1 |
Nirenberg, MW; Sytkowski, AJ; Vogel, Z | 1 |
Changeux, JP | 1 |
Goldfine, C; Parker, RB | 1 |
Changeux, JP; Weber, M | 1 |
Changeux, JP; Huchet, M; Kasai, M; Meunier, JC | 1 |
Boquet, P; Changeux, JP; Fromageot, P; Menez, A; Meunier, JC; Olsen, RW | 1 |
Freeman, SE; Turner, RJ | 1 |
Baysal, F; Vural, H | 1 |
Das, PK; Gambhir, SS | 1 |
Changeux, JP; Podleski, TR; Wofsy, L | 1 |
Braswell, LM; Ginsburg, S; Kitz, RJ | 1 |
Rang, HP; Ritter, JM | 2 |
Flacke, W; Yeoh, TS | 1 |
McCance, I; Phillis, JW | 1 |
Eakins, KE; Katz, RL | 1 |
Waud, DR | 1 |
Colquhoun, D; Sheridan, RE | 1 |
Mitchelson, F; Ziegler, A | 1 |
Covarrubias, M; Maelicke, A; Prinz, H | 1 |
Fulpius, BW; Lefvert, AK | 1 |
Birdsall, NJ; Burgen, AS; Hulme, EC; Stockton, JM | 1 |
Li, CK; Mitchelson, F | 1 |
Ellis, J; Hoss, W | 1 |
Meiniel, R | 1 |
Monmaur, P; Puma, C; Sharif, A | 1 |
Jakubík, J; Tucek, S | 1 |
Colino, A; Halliwell, JV | 1 |
Sjögren, C; Tobin, G | 1 |
De Neef, P; Domenach, V; Vandermeers, A; Vandermeers-Piret, MC; Waelbroeck, M | 1 |
Dement, WC; Mignot, E; Nishino, S; Reid, MS; Siegel, JM; Tafti, M | 1 |
Blumenthal, JA; Carey, HV; Onorato, JJ | 1 |
Bargas, J; Galarraga, E; Hernández-Echeagaray, E | 1 |
Bajo, VM; Criado, JM; de la Fuente Juan, A; Heredia, M; Riolobos, AS; Yajeya, J | 1 |
Hu, HZ; Li, ZW; Shao, M | 1 |
Akici, A; El-Fakahany, EE; Karaalp, A; Oktay, S; Skender, E | 1 |
Gossell-Williams, MD; Simon, OR; West, ME; Wynter-Adams, DM | 1 |
Christopoulos, A; Lanzafame, A; Mitchelson, F | 1 |
Alzheimer, C; Seeger, T | 1 |
Fukudome, Y; Kano, M; Manabe, T; Matsui, M; Ohno-Shosaku, T; Shosaku, J; Taketo, MM; Tsubokawa, H | 1 |
Bordi, F; Costa, LG; Dieguez-Acuña, FJ; Guizzetti, M; Madia, F; Vitalone, A; Woods, JS | 1 |
AHMAD, K; LEWIS, JJ | 1 |
Mamalaki, A; Psaridi-Linardaki, L; Tzartos, SJ | 1 |
Alzheimer, C; Basile, AS; Fedorova, I; Gomeza, J; Koustova, E; Miyakawa, T; Seeger, T; Wess, J; Zheng, F | 1 |
Eftekhari, P; Hoebeke, J; Maurice, D; Peter, JC; Roegel, JC; Tugler, J | 1 |
Cabadak, H; Kan, B | 1 |
Avlani, VA; Christopoulos, A; McLoughlin, DJ; Sexton, PM | 1 |
Dees, C; Frölich, N; Hoffmann, C; Hommers, LG; Lohse, MJ; Maier-Peuschel, M; Nikolaev, VO | 1 |
Barchad-Avitzur, O; Ben-Chaim, Y; Kupchik, YM; Parnas, H; Parnas, I; Wess, J | 1 |
2 review(s) available for carbachol and gallamine triethiodide
Article | Year |
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Allostery and permeability of postsynaptic membranes.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Calcium; Carbachol; Cell Membrane; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decamethonium Compounds; Eels; Electric Organ; Enzyme Activation; Erythrocytes; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Receptors, Cholinergic; Synaptic Membranes; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1972 |
Studies on the molecular mechanism of the response of an excitable membrane to cholinergic agents.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Cyprinidae; Decamethonium Compounds; Eels; Electric Organ; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Membrane Potentials; Membranes; Parasympathomimetics; Permeability; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Drug; Toxins, Biological; Tubocurarine; Ultracentrifugation | 1972 |
87 other study(ies) available for carbachol and gallamine triethiodide
Article | Year |
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Fluorescent derivatives of AC-42 to probe bitopic orthosteric/allosteric binding mechanisms on muscarinic M1 receptors.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Calcium; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Fluorescent Dyes; Green Fluorescent Proteins; HEK293 Cells; Humans; Models, Molecular; Molecular Probes; Piperidines; Radioligand Assay; Receptor, Muscarinic M1; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Rhodamines; Solubility; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2012 |
Chemical genetics reveals a complex functional ground state of neural stem cells.
Topics: Animals; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Mice; Molecular Structure; Neoplasms; Neurons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stem Cells | 2007 |
Excitatory actions of GABA and of acetyl-choline in sea urchin tube feet.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminobutyrates; Atropine; Butyrylthiocholine; Carbachol; Chlorides; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Hexamethonium Compounds; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neostigmine; Nicotine; Peripheral Nerves; Physostigmine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sea Urchins; Sodium | 1975 |
Binding of alpha-bungarotoxin and cholinergic ligands to acetylcholine receptors in the membrane of skeletal muscle.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Allosteric Site; Animals; Atropine; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Cats; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sarcolemma; Tubocurarine | 1977 |
Studies on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in mammalian brain. Interaction of solubilized protein with cholinergic ligands.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Electric Organ; Electrophorus; Gallamine Triethiodide; Male; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Tubocurarine | 1978 |
Binding of alpha-bungarotoxin to chick sympathetic ganglia: properties of the receptor and its rate of appearance during developement.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Atropine; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Gallamine Triethiodide; Ganglia, Autonomic; Kinetics; Membranes; Receptors, Drug; Tubocurarine | 1976 |
Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata electric organ. I. Pharmacological properties of the electroplaque.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Calcium; Carbachol; Chlorides; Decamethonium Compounds; Electric Organ; Fishes; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Kinetics; Magnesium; Membrane Potentials; Potassium; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sodium; Tubocurarine | 1976 |
Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata electric organ. II. The permeability response of the receptor-rich membrane fragments to cholinergic agonists in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Biological Transport; Carbachol; Cell Membrane; Decamethonium Compounds; Electric Organ; Erabutoxins; Fishes; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Permeability; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Cholinergic; Sodium; Tubocurarine | 1976 |
Studies on the electrogenic action of acetylcholine with Torpedo marmorata electric organ. IV. Quinacrine: a fluorescent probe for the conformational transitions of the cholinergic receptor protein in its membrane-bound state.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carbachol; Cell Membrane; Decamethonium Compounds; Electric Organ; Fishes; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Kinetics; Prilocaine; Protein Conformation; Quinacrine; Receptors, Cholinergic; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 1976 |
The inhibitory effect of gallamine on muscarinic receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinesterases; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; Heart; In Vitro Techniques; Isoflurophate; Myocardium; Nicotine; Propranolol; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1976 |
Cholinomimetic teratogens: studies with chicken embryos.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decamethonium Compounds; Drug Synergism; Gallamine Triethiodide; Musculoskeletal System; Neostigmine; Nicotine; Parasympathomimetics; Physostigmine; Pyridostigmine Bromide; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Succinylcholine; Teratogens | 1975 |
A pharmacological profile of glycopyrrolate: interactions at the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor.
Topics: 3-Pyridinecarboxylic acid, 1,4-dihydro-2,6-dimethyl-5-nitro-4-(2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-, Methyl ester; Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carbachol; Diamines; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glycopyrrolate; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ligands; Muscarinic Antagonists; Myocardial Contraction; Parasympatholytics; Pirenzepine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate | 1992 |
The M3 muscarinic receptor links to three different transduction mechanisms with different efficacies in circular muscle of guinea-pig stomach.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Gastric Fundus; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscle Contraction; Pirenzepine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Signal Transduction | 1992 |
Central muscarinic receptor subtypes and carrageenin-induced paw oedema in rats.
Topics: Animals; Arecoline; Carbachol; Carrageenan; Cerebellum; Corpus Striatum; Edema; Female; Foot; Gallamine Triethiodide; Inflammation; Male; Oxotremorine; Pirenzepine; Quinuclidines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine | 1991 |
Regulation of muscarinic receptors by intrahippocampal injections of gallamine.
Topics: Animals; Autoradiography; Brain; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hippocampus; Injections; Male; Pirenzepine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine | 1991 |
Thymopoietin, a potent antagonist at nicotinic receptors in C2 muscle cell cultures.
Topics: Animals; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Cell Membrane; Cells, Cultured; Gallamine Triethiodide; In Vitro Techniques; Mice; Nicotinic Antagonists; Parasympatholytics; Protein Binding; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sodium; Thymopoietins; Tubocurarine | 1991 |
Effects of acetylcholine on different muscarinic receptors in the perfused porcine ear vein.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Ear; Feedback; Gallamine Triethiodide; Indomethacin; Muscarine; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Organ Culture Techniques; Perfusion; Pirenzepine; Receptors, Muscarinic; Swine; Vasomotor System | 1991 |
Interaction among agents that block end-plate depolarization competitively.
Topics: Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carbachol; Drug Interactions; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Models, Biological; Motor Endplate; Neuromuscular Junction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Pancuronium; Receptors, Nicotinic; Tubocurarine | 1985 |
Mixed competitive and allosteric antagonism by gallamine of muscarinic receptor-mediated second messenger responses in N1E-115 neuroblastoma cells.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carbachol; Cell Line; Cyclic AMP; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Mice; Neuroblastoma; Phosphatidylinositols; Receptors, Muscarinic; Second Messenger Systems | 1989 |
Covalent labeling of functional states of the acetylcholine receptor. Effects of antagonists on the receptor conformation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Affinity Labels; Animals; Carbachol; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Electric Organ; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Lasers; Onium Compounds; Photochemistry; Protein Conformation; Receptors, Cholinergic; Torpedo; Trityl Compounds; Tubocurarine | 1985 |
Pharmacologic discrimination between receptor heterogeneity and allosteric interaction: resultant analysis of gallamine and pirenzepine antagonism of muscarinic responses in rat trachea.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Atropine; Binding Sites; Carbachol; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gallamine Triethiodide; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscarine; Oxotremorine; Parasympatholytics; Pirenzepine; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Scopolamine; Trachea | 1989 |
Muscarinic receptor agonist-antagonist interaction in the rat rectum: are there ways of activating the same receptors?
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Drug Interactions; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Male; Methacholine Compounds; Muscle Contraction; Parasympatholytics; Parasympathomimetics; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic; Rectum | 1985 |
The action of cholinomimetic and cholinolytic agents, hemicholinium-3 and alpha- and beta-bungarotoxin on the body wall muscle of the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bethanechol; Bethanechol Compounds; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Choline; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hemicholinium 3; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Mecamylamine; Muscles; Nicotine; Oligochaeta; Parasympatholytics; Parasympathomimetics; Physostigmine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Cholinergic; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine | 1985 |
On cholinergic mechanisms in the optokinetic nystagmus of the frog: antagonistic effects of muscarinic and nicotinic systems.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Eye; Functional Laterality; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium; Hexamethonium Compounds; Nystagmus, Physiologic; Ocular Physiological Phenomena; Physostigmine; Rana esculenta; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; Scopolamine; Tubocurarine; Vision, Ocular | 1988 |
Functional and direct binding studies using subtype selective muscarinic receptor antagonists.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Dicyclomine; Diphenylacetic Acids; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol Phosphates; Myocardium; Phenethylamines; Phenylacetates; Pirenzepine; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1988 |
Carbachol induces desensitization of cardiac beta-adrenergic receptors through muscarinic M1 receptors.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Diglycerides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Gallamine Triethiodide; Heart; Myocardium; Oxotremorine; Propanolamines; Protein Kinase C; Protein Kinases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta; Receptors, Muscarinic; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution | 1985 |
A quantitative study of the effects of some muscarinic antagonists on the guinea-pig olfactory cortex slice.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Drug Interactions; Evoked Potentials; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Oxotremorine; Parasympathomimetics; Pirenzepine | 1988 |
Antimuscarinic action of methoctramine, a new cardioselective M-2 muscarinic receptor antagonist, alone and in combination with atropine and gallamine.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Diamines; Drug Interactions; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; Ileum; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Myocardial Contraction; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1987 |
Two components of carbamylcholine-induced loss of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor function in the neuronal cell line PC12.
Topics: Adrenal Gland Neoplasms; Animals; Carbachol; Cell Line; Gallamine Triethiodide; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Pheochromocytoma; Rats; Receptors, Nicotinic; Sodium; Tubocurarine | 1986 |
Determination of the muscarinic receptor subtype mediating vasodilatation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Aorta, Thoracic; Atropine; Benzodiazepinones; Carbachol; Dogs; Female; Femoral Artery; Gallamine Triethiodide; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Pancuronium; Parasympatholytics; Phenethylamines; Piperidines; Pirenzepine; Rabbits; Receptors, Muscarinic; Vasodilation | 1985 |
Pharmacological distinction between two muscarinic responses on the isolated superior cervical ganglion of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine Derivatives; Benzodiazepinones; Calcium Chloride; Carbachol; Evoked Potentials; Gallamine Triethiodide; Ganglia, Spinal; In Vitro Techniques; Muscarine; Pirenzepine; Rats; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1985 |
Stimulation of protein methylase II from Torpedo marmorata by cholinergic effectors.
Topics: Animals; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Cell Membrane; Cytosol; Electric Organ; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Methylation; Phosphates; Phospholipases A; Phospholipases A2; Protein Methyltransferases; Protein O-Methyltransferase; Receptors, Cholinergic; S-Adenosylmethionine; Torpedo | 1986 |
Effects of cholinesterase inhibitors on evoked responses in field CA1 of the rat hippocampus.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bicuculline; Carbachol; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Dihydro-beta-Erythroidine; Evoked Potentials; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Hippocampus; Isoflurophate; Male; Muscarine; Physostigmine; Quinuclidinyl Benzilate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1985 |
Studies on the pharmacology of skeletal muscle in culture: specificity of receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Culture Techniques; Decamethonium Compounds; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dopamine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Gallamine Triethiodide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Histamine; Membrane Potentials; Methacholine Compounds; Muscles; Nicotine; Norepinephrine; Pilocarpine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Drug; Scopolamine; Serotonin; Succinylcholine | 1974 |
Affinity of curare-like compounds and their potency in blocking neuromuscular transmission.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Decamethonium Compounds; Diaphragm; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; Male; Muscles; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Neuromuscular Junction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Sensory Receptor Cells; Toxiferine; Tubocurarine | 1970 |
[Molecular theory about the mechanism of action of curare compounds].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Autoradiography; Carbachol; Carbon Isotopes; Cell Membrane; Curare; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; Mice; Muscle Denervation; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Myofibrils; Nerve Fibers, Myelinated; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Neuromuscular Junction; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Parasympathomimetics; Receptors, Drug; Succinylcholine; Synapses; Synaptic Membranes; Toxiferine; Tritium; Tubocurarine | 1971 |
[Atropine-like effects of muscle relaxing agents of the non-depolarizing type].
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Male; Neuromuscular Nondepolarizing Agents; Sinoatrial Node; Toxiferine; Tubocurarine | 1972 |
Neuromuscular blocking action of 2-(2-(3-pyridyl) vinyl)-3-0-tolyl-3, 4-dihydroquinazoline-4-one (SRC 909).
Topics: Abdominal Muscles; Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Atropine; Calcium; Carbachol; Cats; Choline; Cold Temperature; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glycols; In Vitro Techniques; Leg; Male; Methysergide; Morphine; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Pentolinium Tartrate; Phrenic Nerve; Physostigmine; Potassium Chloride; Pyridines; Quinazolines; Quinazolinones; Rats; Sciatic Nerve; Tubocurarine; Vinyl Compounds | 1974 |
The pharmacology fo gross behavioural effects of cholinomimetic substances injected into the cerebral ventricles of unanaesthetized cats: evidence for central muscarinic mediation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Arecoline; Atropine; Autonomic Nervous System; Behavior, Animal; Carbachol; Cats; Cerebral Ventricles; Dimethylphenylpiperazinium Iodide; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Emotions; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Injections; Male; Methacholine Compounds; Motor Activity; Nicotine; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Parasympathomimetics; Pilocarpine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Scopolamine; Tubocurarine | 1974 |
Acetylcholine receptors of muscle grown in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Autoradiography; Carbachol; Chick Embryo; Culture Techniques; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Iodine Isotopes; Iodoproteins; Kinetics; Muscles; Nicotine; Physostigmine; Pilocarpine; Piperazines; Protein Binding; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Drug; Tubocurarine; Venoms | 1972 |
Stoichiometry of the drug-nicotinic receptor interaction.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carbachol; Decamethonium Compounds; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Mathematics; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Nicotine; Pancuronium; Receptors, Drug; Succinylcholine; Toxiferine; Tubocurarine | 1973 |
Binding of Naja nigricollis (3H)alpha-toxin to membrane fragments from Electrophorus and Torpedo electric organs. II. Effect of cholinergic agonists and antagonists on the binding of the tritiated alpha-neurotoxin.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Antitoxins; Atropine; Carbachol; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Decamethonium Compounds; Electric Organ; Electrophorus; Fishes; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Membrane Potentials; Membranes; Nicotine; Parasympatholytics; Parasympathomimetics; Snakes; Toxins, Biological; Tritium; Tubocurarine; Ultracentrifugation | 1974 |
[Extraction from electric tissue of gymnotus of a protein presenting several typical properties characteristic of the physiological receptor of acetylcholine].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding Sites; Carbachol; Decamethonium Compounds; Dialysis; Electric Organ; Fishes; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Proteins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Drug; Tubocurarine; Venoms | 1970 |
Some physical properties of the cholinergic receptor protein from Electrophorus electricus revealed by a tritiated alpha-toxin from Naja nigricollis venom.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Bile Acids and Salts; Binding Sites; Carbachol; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Chromatography, Gel; Cyprinidae; Decamethonium Compounds; Electric Organ; Electrophoresis; Gallamine Triethiodide; Membranes; Molecular Weight; Proteins; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Drug; Snakes; Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate; Solubility; Surface-Active Agents; Toxins, Biological; Tritium; Tubocurarine; Venoms | 1972 |
Agonist-antagonist interaction at the cholinergic receptor of denervated diaphragm.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Diaphragm; Drug Antagonism; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Male; Muscle Contraction; Muscle Denervation; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Drug; Temperature; Tubocurarine | 1972 |
[Effect of various substances on the cholinergic response of earthworm].
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Muscles; Oligochaeta; Piperazines; Species Specificity | 1971 |
Effects of acetylcholine and carbachol on the blood vessels of the frog.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Anura; Barium; Carbachol; Chlorides; Choline; Epinephrine; Gallamine Triethiodide; Isoproterenol; Nicotine; Papaverine; Pentolinium Tartrate; Perfusion; Pilocarpine; Seasons; Tolazoline; Tubocurarine; Vasomotor System | 1970 |
Affinity labeling of the acetylcholine-receptor.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Binding Sites; Carbachol; Decamethonium Compounds; Diazonium Compounds; Echothiophate Iodide; Eels; Electric Organ; Gallamine Triethiodide; Indicators and Reagents; Isoflurophate; Membrane Potentials; Membranes; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Drug; Synapses; Tubocurarine | 1967 |
On the question: is acetylcholinesterase an allosteric protein?
Topics: Acetylcholine; Carbachol; Chlorides; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Magnesium; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Depolarizing Agents; Physostigmine; Protein Binding; Temperature; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1970 |
On the mechanism of desensitization at cholinergic receptors.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Bis-Trimethylammonium Compounds; Carbachol; Chickens; Desensitization, Immunologic; Drug Synergism; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Leeches; Mathematics; Models, Biological; Muscles; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Parasympathomimetics; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sensory Receptor Cells; Succinylcholine; Time Factors; Tubocurarine | 1970 |
Differentiation of acetylcholine and succinylcholine receptors in leech muscle.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Decamethonium Compounds; Drug Antagonism; Gallamine Triethiodide; Leeches; Muscle, Smooth; Nicotine; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine | 1968 |
Cholinergic mechanisms in the cerebellar cortex.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Alkaloids; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cats; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Electric Stimulation; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glutamates; Hexamethonium Compounds; Indoles; Mecamylamine; Methacholine Compounds; Neurons; Nicotine; Nicotinic Acids; Physostigmine; Purkinje Cells; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Scopolamine; Synapses; Tubocurarine | 1968 |
A new kind of drug antagonism: evidence that agonists cause a molecular change in acetylcholine receptors.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Caffeine; Carbachol; Chickens; Decamethonium Compounds; Drug Antagonism; Gallamine Triethiodide; Leeches; Muscle Contraction; Muscles; Receptors, Drug; Tubocurarine | 1969 |
The effects of succinylcholine, decamethonium, hexacarbacholine, gallamine and dimethyl tubocurarine on the twitch and tonic neuromuscular systems of the cat.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Cats; Decamethonium Compounds; Gallamine Triethiodide; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Neuromuscular Junction; Oculomotor Muscles; Sciatic Nerve; Succinylcholine; Tubocurarine | 1966 |
The rate of action of competitive neuromuscular blocking agents.
Topics: Animals; Anura; Carbachol; Diaphragm; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Nicotine; Phrenic Nerve; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Receptors, Drug; Tubocurarine | 1967 |
The modes of action of gallamine.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Mathematics; Membrane Potentials; Motor Endplate; Muscles; Neuromuscular Junction; Rana esculenta | 1981 |
The effect of gallamine, gallopamil and nifedipine on responses to acetylcholine and carbachol in the taenia of the guinea-pig caecum.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Calcium; Carbachol; Cecum; Drug Interactions; Gallamine Triethiodide; Gallopamil; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Nifedipine; Paraoxon; Time Factors; Verapamil | 1984 |
Ligand-specific state transitions of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor.
Topics: 4-Chloro-7-nitrobenzofurazan; Acetylcholine; Anesthetics, Local; Animals; Binding, Competitive; Carbachol; Fluorescence; Gallamine Triethiodide; Receptors, Cholinergic; Time Factors; Torpedo | 1984 |
Receptor-like activity of a monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibody against an anti-acetylcholine receptor antibody.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Formation; Binding Sites, Antibody; Binding, Competitive; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Immunoglobulin Idiotypes; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Receptors, Cholinergic; Tubocurarine | 1984 |
Modification of the binding properties of muscarinic receptors by gallamine.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Cerebral Cortex; Gallamine Triethiodide; Kinetics; Myocardium; Rats; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tissue Distribution | 1983 |
The selective antimuscarinic action of stercuronium.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Carbachol; Drug Interactions; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Muscle, Smooth, Vascular; Myocardial Contraction; Parasympatholytics; Pregnadienes; Tropanes | 1980 |
Competitive interaction of gallamine with multiple muscarinic receptors.
Topics: Animals; Binding Sites; Brain; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Male; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Receptors, Cholinergic; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1982 |
Neuromuscular blocking agents and axial teratogenesis in the avian embryo. Can axial morphogenetic disorders by explained by pharmacological action upon muscle tissue?
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Coturnix; Decamethonium Compounds; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hexamethonium Compounds; Muscles; Neostigmine; Neuromuscular Blocking Agents; Nicotine; Organophosphorus Compounds; Parathion; Physostigmine; Quail; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Teratogens; Tubocurarine | 1981 |
Involvement of M2 and non-M2 muscarinic receptors in hippocampal theta rhythm induced by carbachol infusion into the septum of the rat.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hippocampus; Injections; Male; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Septal Nuclei; Theta Rhythm | 1994 |
Protection by alcuronium of muscarinic receptors against chemical inactivation and location of the allosteric binding site for alcuronium.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alcuronium; Allosteric Site; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Atropine; Carbachol; Choline; Cholinergic Agents; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glutamic Acid; Heart Atria; Male; Parasympatholytics; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tyrosine | 1994 |
Carbachol potentiates Q current and activates a calcium-dependent non-specific conductance in rat hippocampus in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Barium; Calcium; Carbachol; Cations; Electric Conductivity; Electrophysiology; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hippocampus; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Membranes; Ions; Male; Neurons; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
In vivo and in vitro effects of muscarinic receptor antagonists on contractions and release of [3H]acetylcholine in the rabbit urinary bladder.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Carbachol; Diamines; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Parasympatholytics; Piperidines; Pirenzepine; Rabbits; Receptors, Muscarinic; Tritium; Urinary Bladder | 1995 |
Binding of the labelled muscarinic toxin 125I-MT1 to rat brain muscarinic M1 receptors.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Atropine; Binding, Competitive; Brain; Carbachol; Elapid Venoms; Furans; Gallamine Triethiodide; In Vitro Techniques; Iodine Radioisotopes; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Naphthalenes; Oxotremorine; Parasympatholytics; Pilocarpine; Piperidines; Pirenzepine; Protein Binding; Rats; Receptor, Muscarinic M1; Receptors, Muscarinic; Synaptic Membranes; Tubocurarine | 1996 |
Neuropharmacological characterization of basal forebrain cholinergic stimulated cataplexy in narcoleptic canines.
Topics: (4-(m-Chlorophenylcarbamoyloxy)-2-butynyl)trimethylammonium Chloride; Acetylcholine; Animals; Atropine; Behavior, Animal; Carbachol; Cataplexy; Cholinergic Fibers; Dogs; Feeding Behavior; Female; GABA Agonists; Gallamine Triethiodide; Male; Microdialysis; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscimol; Nicotine; Nicotinic Agonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Oxotremorine; Piperidines; Pirenzepine; Prosencephalon | 1998 |
Muscarinic inhibition of substance P induced ion secretion in piglet jejunum.
Topics: Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cholinergic Antagonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Gallamine Triethiodide; Histamine; Ion Transport; Jejunum; Mecamylamine; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Piperidines; Substance P; Swine; Time Factors | 1998 |
3-Alpha-chloro-imperialine, a potent blocker of cholinergic presynaptic modulation of glutamatergic afferents in the rat neostriatum.
Topics: 4-Aminopyridine; Afferent Pathways; Animals; Atropine; Bicuculline; Carbachol; Cevanes; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; GABA-A Receptor Antagonists; Gallamine Triethiodide; Muscarine; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Neostriatum; Neurons; Pirenzepine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Muscarinic; Synapses | 1998 |
Muscarinic activation of a non-selective cationic conductance in pyramidal neurons in rat basolateral amygdala.
Topics: Amygdala; Animals; Barium; Calcium; Carbachol; Cesium; Female; Flunarizine; Gallamine Triethiodide; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Membrane Potentials; Neurons; Pirenzepine; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1999 |
Enhancement of GABA-activated current by muscarine in rat dorsal root ganglion neurons.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Action Potentials; Animals; Atropine; Bicuculline; Carbachol; Carbolines; Diazepam; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Female; GABA Agonists; GABA Modulators; Gallamine Triethiodide; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Ganglia, Spinal; Ion Channel Gating; Ion Channels; Male; Muscarine; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Nicotinic Antagonists; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pentobarbital; Pirenzepine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Receptors, GABA-A; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1999 |
Muscarinic M(2) receptors are not primarily involved in the contraction of guinea-pig gallbladder smooth muscle.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Benzodiazepines; Carbachol; Cevanes; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Gallbladder; Guinea Pigs; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Radioligand Assay; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptors, Muscarinic | 1999 |
Isolation of a muscarinic alkaloid with ocular hypotensive action from Trophis racemosa.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Alkaloids; Animals; Antihypertensive Agents; Atropine; Carbachol; Dogs; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; Hexamethonium; Ileum; Intraocular Pressure; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; Muscle Contraction; Muscle, Smooth; Ocular Hypotension; Pentolinium Tartrate; Pilocarpine; Pirenzepine; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Trachea | 1999 |
The allosteric interaction of otenzepad (AF-DX 116) at muscarinic M2 receptors in guinea pig atria.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cardiotonic Agents; Dexetimide; Electric Stimulation; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Guinea Pigs; Heart Atria; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Muscarinic Antagonists; N-Methylscopolamine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Parasympatholytics; Phthalimides; Pirenzepine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Radioligand Assay; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptors, Muscarinic | 2001 |
Muscarinic activation of inwardly rectifying K(+) conductance reduces EPSPs in rat hippocampal CA1 pyramidal cells.
Topics: alpha-Amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic Acid; Animals; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agents; Diamines; Excitatory Amino Acid Agonists; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glutamic Acid; Hippocampus; Muscarinic Antagonists; Nicotinic Antagonists; Organ Culture Techniques; Parasympatholytics; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pirenzepine; Potassium Channels, Inwardly Rectifying; Pyramidal Cells; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptors, Muscarinic; Stimulation, Chemical | 2001 |
Postsynaptic M1 and M3 receptors are responsible for the muscarinic enhancement of retrograde endocannabinoid signalling in the hippocampus.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Calcium Signaling; Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators; Carbachol; Cells, Cultured; Electrophysiology; Endocannabinoids; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hippocampus; Mice; Muscarinic Agonists; Mutation; Nicotinic Antagonists; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Potassium Channels; Rats; Receptor, Muscarinic M1; Receptor, Muscarinic M3; Receptors, Muscarinic; Signal Transduction | 2003 |
Nuclear factor kappaB activation by muscarinic receptors in astroglial cells: effect of ethanol.
Topics: Astrocytes; Astrocytoma; Atropine; Blotting, Western; Carbachol; Cell Line; Cellular Structures; Central Nervous System Depressants; Chelating Agents; Cholinergic Agonists; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drug Interactions; Egtazic Acid; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Enzyme Inhibitors; Ethanol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Muscarinic Antagonists; NF-kappa B; Nicotinic Antagonists; Pertussis Toxin; Piperidines; Receptors, Muscarinic; Thymidine; Time Factors; Tritium | 2003 |
The effects of gallamine, carbachol, nicotine, ryanodine and protoveratrine A and B upon flux of calcium-47 in frog skeletal muscle.
Topics: Alkaloids; Calcium; Carbachol; Gallamine Triethiodide; Humans; Muscle Relaxants, Central; Muscle, Skeletal; Muscles; Nicotine; Parasympathomimetics; Protoveratrines; Ryanodine; Veratrum | 1961 |
Future therapeutic strategies in autoimmune myasthenia gravis.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic; Antibodies, Monoclonal; Antibody Specificity; Autoantibodies; Binding, Competitive; Blotting, Western; Bungarotoxins; Carbachol; Cholinergic Agents; Cholinergic Agonists; Chromatography, Affinity; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Gallamine Triethiodide; Glycosylation; Humans; Immunosorbent Techniques; Ligands; Myasthenia Gravis; Nicotine; Nicotinic Antagonists; Precipitin Tests; Protein Conformation; Receptors, Cholinergic; Recombinant Proteins; Tubocurarine | 2003 |
M2 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor knock-out mice show deficits in behavioral flexibility, working memory, and hippocampal plasticity.
Topics: Amnesia; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Bicuculline; Carbachol; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Gallamine Triethiodide; Hippocampus; Long-Term Potentiation; Male; Maze Learning; Memory; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Muscarinic Agonists; Neuronal Plasticity; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pyramidal Cells; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptors, GABA-A | 2004 |
Effects on heart rate of an anti-M2 acetylcholine receptor immune response in mice.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Antibodies; Atropine; Carbachol; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Cyclic AMP; Electrocardiography; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Heart Rate; Humans; Immunization; Isoproterenol; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Molecular Sequence Data; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Peptide Fragments; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Transfection | 2005 |
Methoctramine and gallamine inhibit PI hydrolysis in guinea-pig gallbladder.
Topics: Animals; Carbachol; Depression, Chemical; Diamines; Female; Gallamine Triethiodide; Gallbladder; Guinea Pigs; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Muscarinic Agonists; Muscarinic Antagonists; Phosphatidylinositols; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Receptor, Muscarinic M4 | 2005 |
The impact of orthosteric radioligand depletion on the quantification of allosteric modulator interactions.
Topics: Alcuronium; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Atropine; Carbachol; Cell Membrane; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Gallamine Triethiodide; Ligands; Models, Biological; N-Methylscopolamine; Radioligand Assay; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Tritium | 2008 |
A fluorescence resonance energy transfer-based M2 muscarinic receptor sensor reveals rapid kinetics of allosteric modulation.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Allosteric Site; Animals; Carbachol; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer; Gallamine Triethiodide; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Humans; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Ligands; Microscopy, Confocal; Phthalimides; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Receptor, Muscarinic M2 | 2010 |
A novel fast mechanism for GPCR-mediated signal transduction--control of neurotransmitter release.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Allosteric Regulation; Animals; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Carbachol; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials; Gallamine Triethiodide; Ion Channel Gating; Mice; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oocytes; Photolysis; Receptor, Muscarinic M2; Signal Transduction; Time Factors; Xenopus | 2011 |