candicidin and amphoglucamine

The sputum specimens from 1363 patients at the age of 16 to 65 years with nonspecific pulmonary diseases and the pleural exudate specimens from 325 patients were tested for fungi in 1989-1994. The etiological significance of Candida was stated at a concentration of > 10(5) GFU per 1 ml of the sputum. The identification was performed by the routine methods. An increase in the rate of the fungi isolation was studied in the time course of the observation: 15.3 +/- 1.9 per cent in 1989 and 31.6 +/- 3.4 per cent in 1994. The fungi were more frequently isolated from the patients with lung abscesses (38.0 +/- 4.1 per cent of the cases). In the patients with pyothorax the fungi were isolated from the pleural exudate specimens only in 6.8 +/- 1.4 per cent of the cases. The groups of risk of the susceptibility to Candida were revealed. They included patients at the age of 21 to 30 years and above 60. Out of 484 Candida isolates 80.7 per cent belonged to C. albicans, 4.2 per cent to C. tropicalis, 2.1 per cent to C. kefyr and 1.8 per cent to C. krusei. The isolates of C. parapsilosis, C. guillermoudii, C. utilis and C. brumptii were rate. The isolates were highly susceptible to nystatin (91,8 per cent) and lowly susceptible to levorin (35.4 per cent), amphoglucamine (24.7 per cent) and ketokonazol (16.8 per cent).

Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Distribution; Aged; Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida; Humans; Ketoconazole; Lung Diseases, Fungal; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Middle Aged; Nystatin; Retrospective Studies; Sputum

All-Union Research technological Institute of Antibiotics and Medical Enzymes, Leningrad. Institute of Epidemiology, Virology and medical parasitology, Ministry of Health of the Armenian SSR. The effect of polyenic antibiotics made in the USSR on development of E. histolytica and E. moshkovski was studied. The following antibiotics were used: levorin and its derivatives, mycoheptin, amphotericin B, amphoglucamine and nystatin. The antibiotics were compared with emetine and metronidazole. Some drugs of the imidazole group were also included into the study. On the whole 15 drugs were tested for their antiamebic activity. All the polyenic antibiotics showed a high antiamebic activity. Levorin and its derivatives were the most active. Their MICs ranged from 0.1 to 5.38 micrograms/ml. The most active of the new imidazoles was 100 times less effective than sodium levorin. The studies show that the polyenic antibiotics have an antiamebic activity and a broad antiprotozoal spectrum.

Topics: Amebicides; Amphotericin B; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Drug Resistance; Emetine; Entamoeba; Entamoeba histolytica; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Nystatin; Polyenes

Sensitivity of 146 clinical strains of Candida albicans to nystatin, levorin and amphoglucamine was studied on solid media with the replica method. The strains were isolated from 79 patients with candidiasis of the oral mucosa. It was found that sensitivity of the fungi to the polyenic antibiotics was different which should be considered in treatment of candidiasis. On the basis of the mean MICs for the clinical strains and their distribution by the MICs it was shown that the activity level of levorin and amphoglucamine was higher than that of nystatin. During the treatment resistance of the Candida strains to the polyenic antibiotics increased and cross resistance developed which required application of other treatment means.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida albicans; Candidiasis, Oral; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Humans; Nystatin

The effect of the sodium salts of levorin, isolevorin, nystatin and amphotericin B prepared with the use of sodium desoxycholate and amphoglucamine on the development of fatty degeneration of the liver was studied in rats. Fatty degeneration of the liver was induced in the animals by the diet deficient in choline and administration of alcohol (10 g/kg). Most of the studied antibiotics inhibited the development of the liver fatty degeneration. The only exclusion was amphotericin B prepared with the use of sodium desoxycholate which did not influence the level of the liver fatty degeneration. Sodium levorin (10 mg/kg) produced the most pronounced normalizing effect on the lipid metabolism in the liver. Complication of mycoses with fatty degeneration of the liver should not be considered as a contraindication to their treatment with polyenic antibiotics.

Topics: Amphotericin B; Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Candicidin; Choline Deficiency; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Fatty Liver; Fatty Liver, Alcoholic; Male; Nystatin; Rats

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida albicans; Microscopy, Electron; Nystatin

Topics: Amphotericin B; Antifungal Agents; Candicidin; Candida albicans; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Microscopy, Electron; Nystatin; Time Factors