cadinol and caryophyllene

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of jasmonic acid added to the culture medium on composition of Lavandula angustifolia essential oils. The chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass detector (GC/MS). The experiment was conducted with the use of MS medium supplemented with increasing concentration of JA (0.2, 0.5, 1, 1.5 mg∙dm

Topics: Acetates; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Cell Culture Techniques; Culture Media; Cyclohexanols; Cyclopentanes; Eucalyptol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Lavandula; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Oxylipins; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

The essential oil isolated from Erica spiculifolia Salisb. by hydrodistillation was analysed by GC-MS. One hundred compounds representing 92.6% of total oil were identified. Among the detected compounds 38 were monoterpenoids (46.2%), 30 were sesquiterpenoids (31.7%), 2 diterpene (0.4%) and 30 compounds (14.3%) were with various non-terpenoid structures. Oxygenated monoerpenes were by far the main class (45.3%) with α-terpineol (7.5%) endo-borneol (7.2%), pinocarveol (5.9%) and thymol (3.7%) as the major compounds. The predominant components of sesquiterpenes were caryophyllene oxide (5.0%), caryophyllene (4.2%), τ -murrolol (3.5%), spathulenol (2.9) and α-cadinol (2.3%).

Topics: Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexenes; Ericaceae; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

Secretory structures are common in Asteraceae, where they exhibit a high degree of morphological diversity. The species Verbesina macrophylla, popularly known as assa-peixe, is native to Brazil where it is widely used for medicinal purposes. Despite its potential medical importance, there have been no studies of the anatomy of this species, especially its secretory structures and secreted compounds. This study examined leaves of V. macrophylla with emphasis on secretory structures and secreted secondary metabolites. Development of secretory ducts and the mechanism of secretion production are described for V. macrophylla using ultrastructure, yield and chemical composition of its essential oils. Verbesina macrophylla has a hypostomatic leaf blade with dorsiventral mesophyll and secretory ducts associated with vascular bundles of schizogenous origin. Histochemistry identified the presence of lipids, terpenes, alkaloids and mucopolysaccharides. Ultrastructure suggests that the secretion released into the duct lumen is produced in plastids of transfer cells, parenchymal sheath cells and stored in vacuoles in these cells and duct epithelial cells. The essential oil content was 0.8%, and its major components were germacrene D, germacrene D-4-ol, β-caryophyllene, bicyclogermacrene and α-cadinol. Secretory ducts of V. macrophylla are squizogenous. Substances identified in tissues suggest that both secretions stored in the ducts and in adjacent parenchyma cells are involved in chemical defence. The essential oil is rich in sesquiterpenes, with germacrene D and its derivatives being notable components.

Topics: Mesophyll Cells; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes; Verbesina

Hydrodistillation of the fresh stem and leaf of Neolitsea kedahense Gamble, collected from Gunung Jerai, Malaysia followed by the GC-FID and GC-MS analysis revealed the detection of a total of 47 constituents of which 28 (86.4%) from the stem and 31 (96.4%) constituents from the leaf. δ-Cadinene (17.4%), 1-epi-cubenol (11.8%), cyperotundone (9.0%), cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol (7.7%), τ-cadinol (7.1%) and α-cadinol (7.1%) were the principle constituents in the stem oil, whereas β-caryophyllene (18.9%), bicyclogermacrene (18.6%) and trans-muurola-4(14),5-diene (9.8%) were the major constituents in the leaf oil. Among the identified constituents, three constituents namely 7-epi-α-selinene, junenol and cis-cadin-4-en-7-ol have not been found previously from Neolitsea oils. The stem and leaf oils were screened for their α-glucosidase inhibitory and antibacterial activities. Both oils displayed potential α-glucosidase inhibitory activity, while the stem oil possessed weak antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis.

Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors; Lauraceae; Malaysia; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Stems; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) are important vectors of terms of public health relevance, especially in tropical and sub-tropical regions. The continuous and indiscriminate use of conventional pesticides for the control of mosquito vectors has resulted in the development of resistance and negative impacts on non-target organisms and the environment. Therefore, there is a need for development of effective mosquito control tools. In this study, the larvicidal and repellent activity of Zingiber nimmonii rhizome essential oil (EO) was evaluated against the malaria vector Anopheles stephensi, the dengue vector Aedes aegypti, and the lymphatic filariasis vector Culex quinquefasciatus. The chemical composition of the EO was analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS). GC-MS revealed that the Z. nimmonii EO contained at least 33 compounds. Major constituents were myrcene, β-caryophyllene, α-humulene, and α-cadinol. In acute toxicity assays, the EO showed significant toxicity against early third-stage larvae of An. stephensi, Ae. aegypti, and Cx. quinquefasciatus, with LC50 values of 41.19, 44.46, and 48.26 μg/ml, respectively. Repellency bioassays at 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/cm(2) of Z. nimmonii EO gave 100 % protection up to 120, 150, and 180 min. against An. stephensi, followed by Ae. aegypti (90, 120, and 150 min) and Cx. quinquefasciatus (60, 90, and 120 min). Furthermore, the EO was safer towards two non-target aquatic organisms, Diplonychus indicus and Gambusia affinis, with LC50 values of 3241.53 and 9250.12 μg/ml, respectively. Overall, this research adds basic knowledge to develop newer and safer natural larvicides and repellent from Zingiberaceae plants against malaria, dengue, and filariasis mosquito vectors.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Aedes; Alkenes; Animals; Anopheles; Culex; Dengue; Elephantiasis, Filarial; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Larva; Malaria; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Mosquito Control; Mosquito Vectors; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes; Zingiberaceae

The essential oils from leaves, twigs and trunk bark of Onychopetalum amazonicum R.E. Fr. (Annonaceae), obtained by hydrodistillation, were analysed by GC and GC-MS, and also were evaluated for in vitro antimicrobial activity. Forty-one compounds, which correspond to 75.0-92.2% of the oil components, were identified. Major compounds were sesquiterpenes, including (E)-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, spathulenol, α-gurjunene, allo-aromadendrene and α-epi-cadinol. The oils were evaluated for antimicrobial activities against four bacteria strains and five pathogenic fungi. The oil of the trunk bark exhibited good activity against Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228, Escherichia coli ATCC 10538 and Kocuria rhizophila ATCC 9341, with a minimal inhibitory concentration of 62.5 μg/mL. The essential oil composition and the antimicrobial evaluation are reported for the first time for the genus Onychopetalum.

Topics: Annonaceae; Anti-Infective Agents; Azulenes; Escherichia coli; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Staphylococcus epidermidis; Terpenes

The composition of essential oil isolated from Senecio nudicaulis Wall. ex DC. growing wild in Himachal Pradesh, India, was analysed, for the first time, by capillary gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. A total of 30 components representing 95.3% of the total oil were identified. The essential oil was characterised by a high content of oxygenated sesquiterpenes (54.97%) with caryophyllene oxide (24.99%) as the major component. Other significant constituents were humulene epoxide-II (21.25%), α-humulene (18.75%), β-caryophyllene (9.67%), epi-α-cadinol (2.90%), epi-α-muurolol (2.03%), β-cedrene (1.76%), longiborneol (1.76%), 1-tridecene (1.16%) and citronellol (1.13%). The oil was screened for antioxidant activity using DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide-scavenging assay. The oil was found to exhibit significant antioxidant activity by scavenging DPPH, ABTS and nitric oxide radicals with IC50 values of 10.61 ± 0.14 μg mL(- 1), 11.85 ± 0.28 μg mL(- 1) and 11.29 ± 0.42 μg mL(- 1), respectively.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Antioxidants; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; India; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Senecio; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

GC/FID and GC-MS analysis revealed germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, α-cadinol and cubenol as major compounds from aril. Germacrene D, bicyclogermacrene, trans-caryophyllene and δ-elemene are major compounds in fruits. Germacrene D, spathulenol, trans-caryophyllene and caryophyllene oxide are major compounds in leaves. Furthermore, multivariate analysis revealed distinct groups between the composition of essential oils from aril and fruit, when compared with terpene production found in leaves. Lipid composition found in arils could be protected by the presence of non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes, as germacrene D and bicyclogermacrene. Chemical profiles of essential oils from the fruits, arils and leaves of Copaifera langsdorffii Desf. revealed different compositions, which could be related to environmental pressures. Thereby, non-oxygenated sesquiterpenes can also work against herbivory, pathogens and predator's attack, emphasising the importance of further studies among terpenes, ecology interactions and plant physiology.

Topics: Fabaceae; Fruit; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes

This work aimed to investigate chemical composition of essential oils obtained from Zanthoxylum dissitum leaves and roots and their insecticidal activities against several stored product pests, namely the cigarette beetle (Lasioderma serricorne), red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) and black carpet beetle (Attagenus piceus). The analysis by GC-MS of the essential oils allowed the identification of 28 and 22 components, respectively. It was found that sesquiterpenoids comprised a fairly high portion of the two essential oils, with percentages of 74.0% and 80.9% in the leaves and roots, respectively. The main constituents identified in the essential oil of Z. dissitum leaves were δ-cadinol (12.8%), caryophyllene (12.7%), β-cubebene (7.9%), 4-terpineol (7.5%) and germacrene D-4-ol (5.7%), while humulene epoxide II (29.4%), caryophyllene oxide (24.0%), diepicedrene-1-oxide (10.7%) and Z,Z,Z-1,5,9,9-tetramethyl-1,4,7-cycloundecatriene (8.7%) were the major components in the essential oil of Z. dissitum roots. The insecticidal activity results indicated that the essential oil of Z. dissitum roots exhibited moderate contact toxicity against three species of storage pests, L. serricorne,T. castaneum and A. piceus, with LD50 values of 13.8, 43.7 and 96.8 µg/adult, respectively.

Topics: Animals; Coleoptera; Insect Repellents; Insecticides; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane; Terpenes; Zanthoxylum

The hydro-distilled essential oil of dried flowers of Anaphalis contorta Hook f. has been examined by means of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The oil constituents were identified according to their mass spectra and their relative retention indices determined on a non-polar stationary phase capillary column. Fifty-one constituents have been identified representing 97.0% of the total oil. The major constituents were beta-caryophyllene (19.2%), gamma-curcumene (17.5%), delta-cadinene (10.2%), labda-7,14-dien-13-ol (4.8%), epi-alpha-cadinol (4.3%), bulnesol (4.3%), alpha-cadinol (3.8%), beta-bisabolol (3.7%) and labda-8,14-dien-13-ol (3.3%). The oil was rich in sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (60.5%), followed by oxygenated sesquiterpenes (26.6%), oxygenated diterpenes (8.1%) and diterpene hydrocarbons (1.8%).

Topics: Asteraceae; Flowers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; India; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

The essential oil composition from the aerial parts of Baccharoides lilacina (Dalzell & A. Gibson) M. R. Almeida was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). A total of 41 compounds have been identified, representing 97.4% of the total oil. The main constituents were identified as beta-caryophyllene (27.7%), epi-alpha-cadinol (25.1%), caryophyllene oxide (9.9%), alpha-muurolol (7.6%), alpha-cadinene (6.1%) and alpha-cadinol 4.5%). The oil was found to be rich in oxygenated sesquiterpenes (47.1%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (46.2%).

Topics: Asteraceae; Chromatography, Gas; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; India; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

Essential oils hydrodistilled from the leaves and stem barks of Goniothalamus macrocalyx Ban., Goniothalamus albiflorus Ban. and Goniothalamus tamirensis Pierre ex Fin. & Gagnep. growing in Vietnam were analysed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-coupled with mass spectrometry. α-Pinene (1.7-50.0%), β-pinene (tr-6.8%), β-myrcene (tr-1.5%), (E)-β-ocimene (tr-4.6%), β-caryophyllene (9.9-12.8%), aromadendrene (0.2-6.0%), α-humulene (1.7-6.9%), α-cadinol (1.2-14.5%), δ-cadinene (0.1-10.3%) and n-hexadecanoic acid (0.2-1.9%) were common to the oil samples. α-Pinene (50.0%) was the most abundant single constituent of the leaf oil of G. macrocalyx, whereas the major compounds of the stem were α-cadinol (14.5%), β-caryophyllene (10.3%) and octadecanoic acid (8.2%). Benzoic acid (18.4%), β-caryophyllene (12.4%) and α-pinene (10.3%) were present in the leaf of G. albiflorus, whereas limonene (21.2%), β-caryophyllene (12.8%) and α-phellandrene (9.3%) were identified in the stem. The leaf oil of G. tamirensis was characterised by abundance of α-pinene (33.4%), viridiflorol (18.5%) and β-caryophyllene (12.4%), whereas γ-gurjunene (11.2%), β-caryophyllene (10.9%) and δ-cadinene (10.3%) predominates in the stem oil.

Topics: Acyclic Monoterpenes; Alkenes; Azulenes; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds; Chromatography, Gas; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Goniothalamus; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Bark; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

The essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation from the leaves of Tabernaemontana catharinensis had their composition analysed by GC-MS. A total of 18 substances were identified, consisting of a complex mixture of sesquiterpenes (83.52%), monoterpenes (5.46%) and triterpenes (4.56%). The main components in the oil were β-caryophyllene (56.87%), α-cadinol (12.52%), 8S,13-cedran-diol (5.41%), α-terpineol (3.99%), β-eudesmol (2.54%), caryophyllene oxide (2.51%) and ethyl iso-allocholate (2.03%) along with β-cubebene, γ-cadinene, cubenol, 1,8-cineol, o-cymene, curcumenol, spathulenol, friedeline and β-sitosterol as minor constituents. An antioxidant property was tested with the oil obtained by means of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay; the oil presented interesting radical scavenging activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of the composition and antioxidant activity of essential oil from the T. catharinensis collected from Brazil.

Topics: Antioxidants; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Cyclohexanols; Cyclohexenes; Eucalyptol; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Sitosterols; Tabernaemontana; Terpenes

The essential oil composition of Coleus aromaticus Benth. (family Lamiaceae) was examined by capillary GC and GC-MS. Analyses revealed the presence of 28 constituents, of which 16 were identified. Thymol (83.39%) was found to be the major compound, while 1-octen-3-ol, terpine-4-ol, eugenol, trans-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide and α-cadinol were present as minor constituents.

Topics: Chromatography, Gas; Coleus; Eugenol; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; India; Octanols; Oils, Volatile; Plant Components, Aerial; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes; Thymol

The essential oils of Anthospermum emirnense Baker and Anthospermum perrieri Homolle ex Puff, obtained by hydrodistillation in 0.03 and 0.02% yield, respectively, were analyzed by GC/MS. In both cases, the major constituents consisted of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated sesquiterpenes. The two species showed an important qualitative similarity, with 40 compounds common to A. emirnense and A. perrieri, including β-elemene, trans-β-caryophyllene, caryophyllene oxide, and τ-cadinol, which were major components in both cases. When tested for antimicrobial activity, both essential oils showed similar profiles and exhibited interesting minimal-inhibitory-concentration (MIC) values towards Bacillus subtilis, Chryseobacterium indologenes, Flavimonas oryzihabitans, and Yersinia enterocolitica.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Rubiaceae; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes

The hydrodistillated leaf essential oil of Machilus pseudolongifolia was analyzed to determine its composition and yield. Seventy compounds were identified, the main components being beta-eudesmol (26.8%), alpha-cadinol (20.8%), viridiflorene (8.9%), alpha-caryophyllene (5.3%), globulol (4.6%) and beta-caryophyllene (4.2%). Oxygenated sesquiterpenes (60.1%) and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (31.4%) were the predominant groups of compounds. The leaf oil exhibited excellent antimicrobial and anti-wood-decay fungal activities.

Topics: Anti-Infective Agents; Fungi; Lauraceae; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Eudesmane; Taiwan; Terpenes; Wood

Analysis of the constituents of the essential oil extracted from the flowers of the Chrysanthemum morfoliumum processed by two different methods in the chrysanthemum GAP Base of China in Henan Province and to provide scientific basis for quality control.. The essential oils were extracted by water-steam distillation and separated by GC capillary column chromatography. The components were quantitatively determined with normalization method, and identified by GC-MS.. From the air flowing dried sample and the braised sample, ninety and eighty-nine components were detected, among them sixty-nine and fifty-three components were identified, which were composed of 90.56% and 93.00% of the total essential oil, respectively.. The yield of the essential oil extracted from the air flowing dried sample was 0.260%, and that from the braised sample was 0.108%. The former is 1.5 times higher than the latter. There are differences between the constitutions of the two samples.

Topics: Chrysanthemum; Desiccation; Flowers; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Quality Control; Sesquiterpenes; Technology, Pharmaceutical; Terpenes

The chemical components of essential oil from fruit of Eucalyptus globulus were analyzed by GC-MS.. The essential oil were extracted by steam distillation, then separated by capillary gas chromatography. The amount of the component from essential oil were determined by normalization methods. Chromatographic conditions were: capillary column DB-WAX (0.32 mm x 30 m, 0.25 microm) was used, column temperature: initial temperature at 40 degrees C for 3 min,ramping 5 C x min(-1) to 250 degrees C (holding for 10 min) the detector MS.. 31 component from the fruit of E. globulus were identified, which accounted for over 93.7% of total volatile oil.. The methods is reliable, stabilize and can be applied to identify the volatile oil from the fruit of E. globulus.

Topics: Cyclohexanols; Eucalyptol; Eucalyptus; Fruit; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plants, Medicinal; Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes; Terpenes