buprenorphine and alphaxalone

To evaluate the effects of alfaxalone administered IM with or without buprenorphine or hydromorphone in healthy rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus).. 24 male rabbits undergoing elective orchiectomy between August 21, 2021, and November 6, 2021.. In this controlled clinical trial, rabbits were randomly assigned to receive alfaxalone (4 mg/kg, IM) alone (group A; n = 8) or with buprenorphine (0.03 mg/kg, IM; group BA; 8) or hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg, IM; group HA; 8). Vital signs and sedation scores were recorded immediately prior to (T0) and 10 minutes after (T1) treatment. Ease of IV catheter placement and pain scores were also evaluated. All rabbits received ketamine (2.5 mg/kg, IV), midazolam (0.13 mg/kg, IV), and meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg, SC) before orchiectomy but after IM treatments. Results were compared across groups with ANOVA or Fisher exact tests and across time with paired t tests.. Sedation score, median time to recumbency, and ease of catheter placement did not differ among groups. Supraglottic airway device placement was possible for 1 rabbit in group A, 1 in group BA, and 2 in group HA. Mean respiratory rate at T1 versus T0 was significantly decreased for groups BA (63.8 vs 128.6 breaths/min) and HA (66.7 vs 123.2 breaths/min). Mean postoperative pain scores were significantly lower for rabbits in group HA (0.58), compared with those in groups A (2.25) and BA (2.06).. All 3 treatments provided reliable sedation; however, alfaxalone (4 mg/kg, IM) combined with hydromorphone (0.1 mg/kg, IM) may be a better choice for painful procedures.

Topics: Anesthesia; Animals; Buprenorphine; Hydromorphone; Hypnotics and Sedatives; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Pregnanediones; Rabbits

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of butorphanol and buprenorphine, as part of a multimodal analgesic protocol, on recovery and analgesia in cats undergoing orchiectomy.. In a prospective, randomized, blind clinical trial, 47 adult male cats were randomly assigned to receive either butorphanol (0.3 mg/kg, n = 24) or buprenorphine (0.02 mg/kg, n = 23) in combination with dexmedetomidine (25 μg/kg) and alfaxalone (2 mg/kg) as a single intramuscular injection for the induction of general anesthesia. Isoflurane carried in oxygen was supplemented as needed during orchiectomy. All cats received lidocaine (2 mg/kg intratesticular), meloxicam (0.3 mg/kg SC) and atipamezole (125 μg/kg IM) postoperatively. Pain and sedation scales were applied at baseline, and 2, 4 and 6 h postoperatively. Time to achieve sternal recumbency and to begin eating were also recorded.. Pain scale scores were low and showed no difference between the treatment groups at all time points (. There were no significant differences in analgesia or recovery between butorphanol and buprenorphine treatment groups as part of a multimodal injectable anesthetic protocol. Butorphanol is associated with superior depth of anesthesia, facilitating injectable anesthesia.

Topics: Analgesia; Analgesics, Non-Narcotic; Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthetics; Animals; Buprenorphine; Butorphanol; Cats; Dexmedetomidine; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Orchiectomy; Pregnanediones

To determine whether physiological, haematological, biochemical or electrolyte variables can predict severe haemorrhage in cats.. Randomized crossover study whereby each cat underwent mild and severe haemorrhage, with a 2 month period between events.. A group of six domestic cats aged 21 ± 1 months and weighing 4.9 ± 1.2 kg, mean ± standard deviation.. Cats were anaesthetized (buprenorphine, alfaxalone, isoflurane in oxygen at a fixed end-tidal concentration of 1.7%) before the haemorrhage event. In total, 34 variables were measured twice (prehaemorrhage and posthaemorrhage). The difference and percent change for each variable were compared between haemorrhage events (paired t test). Significant variables were placed into 13 different ratios (posthaemorrhage value of one variable divided by a posthaemorrhage value of a second variable) and compared (paired t test), and Cohen's d (d) was calculated. Receiver operating characteristic curves were plotted and cut-off values for weak, moderate and strong indicators of severe haemorrhage were obtained.. The blood loss was 4.5 ± 1.1 mL kg. and clinical relevance Cats subjected to mild and severe haemorrhage demonstrated statistically and clinically relevant changes whereby four ratios could be created to make up the CABSS. The ratios detected and quantified the presence of severe haemorrhage in anaesthetized cats.

Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Pressure; Buprenorphine; Cat Diseases; Cats; Cross-Over Studies; Hemorrhage; Isoflurane; Pregnanediones; Severity of Illness Index

To investigate the clinical and physiological effects of intravenous (IV) alfaxalone alone or in combination with buprenorphine, butorphanol or tramadol premedication in marmosets.. Prospective, randomized, blinded, crossover design.. Nine healthy marmosets (391 ± 48 g, 3.7 ± 2.2 years old).. Meloxicam 0.20 mg kg. Out of nine animals, apnoea was noted in eight animals administered protocol BUP-A and two animals administered protocol BUT-A. With TRA-A and control protocols, apnoea was not observed. No other significant differences in any of the parameters were found; however, low arterial blood pressures and hypoxia occurred in TRA-A.. Our study employing different premedications suggests that the previously published dose of 16 mg kg

Topics: Anesthesia, Intravenous; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Blood Pressure; Body Temperature; Buprenorphine; Butorphanol; Callithrix; Cross-Over Studies; Female; Heart Rate; Male; Preanesthetic Medication; Pregnanediones; Respiratory Rate; Tramadol

To evaluate the influence of atipamezole on postoperative pain scores in cats.. Controlled, randomized, masked clinical trial.. Twelve healthy female domestic cats.. Cats admitted for ovariohysterectomy (OVH) surgery were randomly allocated to group atipamezole (n = 6) or group saline (n = 6) and were premedicated with buprenorphine 20 μg kg(-1) intramuscularly (IM) and alfaxalone 3.0 mg kg(-1) subcutaneously (SC). Anaesthesia was induced with alfaxalone intravenously (IV) to effect and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Ten minutes after extubation, cats from group atipamezole received IM atipamezole (0.0375 mg kg(-1) ) whereas group saline received an equivalent volume [0.0075 mL kg(-1) (0.003 mL kg(-1) IM)] of 0.9% saline. A validated multidimensional composite scale was used to assess pain prior to premedication and postoperatively (20 minutes after extubation). If postoperative pain scores dictated, rescue analgesia consisting of buprenorphine and meloxicam were administered. Pain score comparisons were made between the two groups using a Mann-Whitney exact test. Results are reported as the median and range.. Preoperatively, all cats scored 0. At the postoperative pain evaluation, the pain scores from group atipamezole [16 (range, 12-20)] were not significantly different from group saline [18 (range, 15-23)] (p = 0.28). All cats required rescue analgesia post-operatively.. Atipamezole (0.0375 mg kg(-1) IM) administration did not significantly affect the postoperative pain scores in cats after OVH. Preoperative administration of buprenorphine (20 μg kg(-1) IM) did not provide adequate postoperative analgesia for feline OVH.

Topics: Analgesia, Obstetrical; Analgesics, Opioid; Animals; Buprenorphine; Cats; Drug Interactions; Female; Hysterectomy; Imidazoles; Ovariectomy; Pain Measurement; Pain, Postoperative; Preanesthetic Medication; Pregnanediones

The aim of this study was to evaluate the analgesic effects of maxillary and/or inferior alveolar nerve blocks with lidocaine and bupivacaine in cats undergoing dental extractions. Twenty-nine cats were enrolled. Using an adapted composite pain scale, cats were pain scored before the dental procedure and 30 mins, and 1, 2 and 4 h after isoflurane disconnection. Cats were sedated with buprenorphine (20 µg/kg), medetomidine (10 µg/kg) and acepromazine (20 µg/kg) intramuscularly. Anaesthesia was induced using alfaxalone (1-2 mg/kg) intravenously and maintained with isoflurane in oxygen. Each cat was randomly assigned to receive maxillary and/or inferior alveolar nerve blocks or no nerve blocks prior to dental extractions. Each nerve block was performed using lidocaine (0.25 mg/kg) and bupivacaine (0.25 mg/kg). Heart rate, systolic arterial blood pressure, respiratory rate, end tidal carbon dioxide and isoflurane vaporiser settings were recorded 5 mins before and after the dental extractions, and the difference calculated. Group mean differences (mean ± SD) for heart rate (-9.7 ± 10.6 vs 7.6 ± 9.5 beats/min [nerve block vs control group, respectively], P <0.0001), systolic arterial blood pressure (-10.33 ± 18.44 vs 5.21 ± 15.23 mmHg, P = 0.02) and vaporiser settings (-0.2 ± 0.2 vs 0.1 ± 0.4, P = 0.023) were significantly different between groups. The control group had higher postoperative pain scores (median [interquartile range]) at 2 h (3 [1.75-4.00] vs 1 [0-2], P = 0.008) and 4 h (4 [2-6] vs 2 [1-2], P = 0.006) after the dental extractions. Maxillary and inferior alveolar nerve blocks with lidocaine and bupivacaine administered prior to dental extractions resulted in a reduction in heart rate and blood pressure while allowing for a reduction in isoflurane. Cats receiving nerve blocks had lower postoperative pain scores than the group without nerve blocks.

Topics: Anesthesia, Dental; Animals; Bupivacaine; Buprenorphine; Cat Diseases; Cats; Isoflurane; Lidocaine; Medetomidine; Nerve Block; Pain, Postoperative; Preanesthetic Medication; Pregnanediones; Tooth Extraction

To evaluate alfaxalone for total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) in rabbits premedicated with dexmedetomidine or dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine.. Crossover study (part 1) with observational study (part 2).. A total of eight New Zealand White rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), four female and four male, aged 12-16 weeks and weighing 2.8-3.5 kg in part 1. Separately, four additional rabbits in part 2.. Crossover study design with eight rabbits per treatment. Rabbits were administered treatment D, dexmedetomidine (0.2 mg kg. The mean ± standard deviation alfaxalone infusion rate was 9.6 ± 2.6 and 4.5 ± 1.3 mg kg. Premedication with dexmedetomidine-buprenorphine combined with alfaxalone TIVA may be a viable alternative for performing abdominal surgery in the rabbit. The use of supplemental oxygen and ability to provide respiratory support are advised.

Topics: Anesthesia, General; Anesthesia, Intravenous; Animals; Buprenorphine; Cross-Over Studies; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Male; Oxygen; Pregnanediones; Rabbits

To characterize alfaxalone administered subcutaneously (SC) in guinea pigs, both alone and in combination with dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine.. Prospective, blinded, crossover study.. A total of 15 healthy female guinea pigs weighing 400-600 g.. Alfaxalone (10, 20 and 40 mg kg. The median time to induction for A. SC alfaxalone produced uncomplicated sedation that may be recommended for nonpainful procedures that do not require complete immobility. The addition of dexmedetomidine and buprenorphine increased the duration of sedation and immobility, but did not result in general anesthesia. This combination sedation protocol may be useful for nonpainful procedures requiring extended immobility.

Topics: Anesthesia; Anesthetics; Anesthetics, Combined; Animals; Buprenorphine; Dexmedetomidine; Female; Guinea Pigs; Injections, Subcutaneous; Pregnanediones

Objective of this clinical study was to assess the anaesthetic quality (induction and recovery) and utility of short term alfaxalone anaesthesia in healthy and diseased cats. Cardiopulmonary effects and the influence on haematological and biochemical blood parameters were evaluated.. Twenty feline patients (ASA1-4) were anaesthetized with alfaxalone for various short surgical or diagnostic procedures. Heart rate, breathing rate, end-tidal CO2 partial pressure, arterial oxygen saturation, mean arterial blood pressure and the body temperature were measured and recorded every 10 minutes. Before, after and 6 hours after anaesthesia venous blood samples were taken and haematologic and blood chemistry parameters were determined. Recovery time and quality were assessed by a numerical rating scale.. Anaesthetic induction was rapid and smooth in all cats. Spontaneous respiration was maintained in all cats. Cardiopulmonary parameters mostly remained within a clinically tolerable range. Noticeable was a high heart rate (mean >190 bpm) at the beginning of anaesthesia lasting up to 10 minutes. Statistically significant changes (p<0.05) occurred in some haematologic parameters (RBC, haemoglobin, haematocrit and MCV decreased), electrolytes and venous acid-base-status (bicarbonate, chloride and base excess increased, sodium and potassium decreased) and blood chemistry parameters (alanine aminotransferase, glutamate dehydrogenase and creatinine decreased). None of these changes appeared to have clinical relevance. Recovery was smooth in the majority of cats. Mild signs of hyperexcitability (muscle tremor, short term opisthotonus and hyperacusis) occurred in individual animals. The duration of recovery varied between 21 and 93 minutes.. Alfaxalone by repeated intravenous injection is suitable for short-term diagnostic and surgical procedures in cats. Because of its minor cardiovascular effects and slight respiratory depression, it is also well tolerated by patients with increased anaesthetic risk (ASA 3 and 4).

Topics: Analgesics, Opioid; Anesthesia; Anesthesia Recovery Period; Anesthetics; Animals; Blood Chemical Analysis; Blood Gas Analysis; Blood Pressure; Buprenorphine; Cats; Female; Heart Rate; Hematologic Tests; Injections, Intravenous; Male; Preanesthetic Medication; Pregnanediones; Respiration; Time Factors