bromochloroacetic-acid and ferulic-acid

The aim of this paper was to explore the effects of Frankincense and Myrrh essential oil on transdermal absorption, and investigate the mechanism of permeation on the microstructure and molecular structure of stratum corneum. Through the determination of stratum corneum/medium partition coefficient of ferulicacid in Chuanxiong influenced by Frankincense and Myrrh essential oil, the effects of volatile oil of frankincense and Myrrh on the the microscopic and molecular structure of stratum corneum were explored by observation of skin stratum corneum structure under scanning electron microscopy, and investigation of frankincense and myrrh essential oil effects on the molecular structure of keratin and lipids in stratum corneum under Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results showed that the oil could enhance the distribution of ferulic acid in the stratum corneum and medium, and to a certain extent damaged the imbricate structure of stratum corneum which was originally regularly, neatly, and closely arranged; some epidermal scales turned upward, with local peeling phenomenon. In addition, frankincense and myrrh essential oil caused the relative displacement of CH2 stretching vibration peak of stratum corneum lipids and amide stretching vibration peak of stratum corneum keratin, indicating that frankincense and myrrh essential oil may change the conformation of lipid and keratin in the stratum corneum, increase the bilayer liquidity of the stratum corneum lipid, and change the orderly and compact structure to increase the skin permeability and reduce the effect of barrier function. It can be concluded that Frankincense and Myrrh essential oil can promote the permeation effect by increasing the distribution of drugs in the stratum corneum and changing the structure of the stratum corneum.

Topics: Administration, Cutaneous; Coumaric Acids; Drugs, Chinese Herbal; Frankincense; Humans; Keratins; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Oils, Volatile; Plant Oils; Skin; Skin Absorption; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared

The interactions of 1-dodecyl-azacycloheptan-2-one (Azone), a penetration enhancer, with mouse skin were analyzed by fluorescence microscopy, solid-state 13C-CP/MAS-NMR spectroscopy and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier-transform infrared (ATR-FT-IR) spectroscopy. Ferulic acid was employed as fluorescent probe to observe the delivery pathway in the stratum corneum (SC) after treatment with Azone. Results suggested that the interaction between Azone and the SC occurs in the lipid domains as well as the protein domains. FT-IR measurements show that treatment with Azone results in significant shifts toward larger wavenumbers at v(as)CH2 and v(s)CH2, indicating an increased gauche conformational isomer content of lipid CH2. Further, a decrease of (13C)T1 values and a shift of the SC protein amide-II band to a short wavenumber were found when the SC was pretreated with Azone. It is concluded that Azone can partially convert the SC protein from an alpha-helix conformation to a beta-sheet conformation and loosen the aggregating SC keratins at room temperature.

Topics: Adjuvants, Pharmaceutic; Administration, Cutaneous; Animals; Azepines; Coumaric Acids; Diffusion; Fluorescent Dyes; In Vitro Techniques; Keratins; Lipids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mass Spectrometry; Mice; Microscopy, Fluorescence; Protein Structure, Secondary; Skin; Skin Absorption; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared