brevetoxin and gamma-glutamylcysteine

brevetoxin has been researched along with gamma-glutamylcysteine* in 1 studies

Other Studies

1 other study(ies) available for brevetoxin and gamma-glutamylcysteine

Article	Year
Characterization of brevetoxin metabolism in Karenia brevis bloom-exposed clams (Mercenaria sp.) by LC-MS/MS. Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2012, Volume: 60, Issue:6 Brevetoxin metabolites were identified and characterized in the hard clam (Mercenaria sp.) after natural exposure to Karenia brevis blooms by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Principal brevetoxins BTX-1 and BTX-2 produced by K. brevis were not detectable in clams. Metabolites of these brevetoxins found in clams included products of oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and amino acid/fatty acid conjugation. Of highest abundance were cysteine and taurine conjugates. We also found glutathione, glycine-cysteine, and γ-glutamyl-cysteine conjugates. A series of fatty acid derivatives of cysteine-brevetoxin conjugates were also identified. Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Cysteine; Dinoflagellida; Dipeptides; Fatty Acids; Glutathione; Glycine; Hydrolysis; Marine Toxins; Mercenaria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxocins; Tandem Mass Spectrometry	2012

Article

Year

Characterization of brevetoxin metabolism in Karenia brevis bloom-exposed clams (Mercenaria sp.) by LC-MS/MS.

Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology, 2012, Volume: 60, Issue:6

Brevetoxin metabolites were identified and characterized in the hard clam (Mercenaria sp.) after natural exposure to Karenia brevis blooms by using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Principal brevetoxins BTX-1 and BTX-2 produced by K. brevis were not detectable in clams. Metabolites of these brevetoxins found in clams included products of oxidation, reduction, hydrolysis and amino acid/fatty acid conjugation. Of highest abundance were cysteine and taurine conjugates. We also found glutathione, glycine-cysteine, and γ-glutamyl-cysteine conjugates. A series of fatty acid derivatives of cysteine-brevetoxin conjugates were also identified.

Topics: Animals; Chromatography, Liquid; Cysteine; Dinoflagellida; Dipeptides; Fatty Acids; Glutathione; Glycine; Hydrolysis; Marine Toxins; Mercenaria; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxocins; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

2012