boron-oxide and phosphorus-pentoxide

The CaO-SiO2-P2O5-B2O3 glass-ceramic (BGS-7) spacer is a recently developed spacer that shows chemical bonding to bone with high mechanical stability. Further, this spacer achieves similar results to those of titanium cages. However, evidence regarding the advantages of the BGS-7 spacer is weak compared to polyetheretherketone (PEEK) cage. A randomized controlled trial is therefore warranted. The purpose of this study was to compare the radiographic and clinical efficacies and safety of the BGS-7 spacer compared to those of the PEEK cage in patients who underwent posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF).. The 54 participants who required one- or two-level PLIF due to lumbar degenerative disorders were randomly assigned to receive a BGS-7 spacer or PEEK cage. Visual analog scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), European Quality of Life-5 Dimensions (EQ-5D), and painDETECT score were evaluated before surgery and at 3, 6, and 12 months after surgery. The fusion rate, degree of osteolysis, cage migration, and subsidence around the cage (spacer) were evaluated on computer tomography (CT) images at 12 months after surgery.. The 12-month fusion rates were 77.8% in the BGS-7 spacer group and 81.0% in the PEEK cage group, with no significant difference (p = 0.807). The result regarding the non-inferiority of BGS-7 spacer was inconclusive. The linear mixed model showed no significant intervention effect in VAS, ODI, EQ-5D, and painDETECT score at the 3-, 6-, or 12-month follow-up. In addition, we found no significant between-group differences in the extent of osteolysis, spacer migration. However, the subsidence around the cage was significantly lower in the BGS-7 spacer group.. This trial found similar fusion rates, and clinicoradiographic outcomes between the BGS-7 spacer and PEEK cage for PLIF. However, the non-inferiority was inconclusive. Safety concerns regarding fracture and migration of the BGS-7 spacer must be considered. Thus, the BGS-7 spacer design for PLIF surgery should be modified before further clinical use.

Topics: Ceramics; Feasibility Studies; Humans; Ketones; Lumbar Vertebrae; Osteolysis; Polyethylene Glycols; Prospective Studies; Quality of Life; Silicon Dioxide; Spinal Fusion; Treatment Outcome

90%[xB2O3 (1-x) P2O5] 10%Fe2O3, glass systems where (x=0 mol%, 5 mol%, 10 mol%, 15 mol%, 20 mol%) was prepared via a melt quenching technique. The structure of glass is investigated at room temperature by, Raman and EPR spectroscopy. Raman studies have been performed on these glasses to examine the distribution of different borate and phosphate structural groups. We have noted an increase from 3 to 4 in the coordination number of the boron atoms from 3 to 4, i.e., the conversion of the BO3 triangular structural units into BO4 tetrahedra. The samples have been investigated by means of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR). The results obtained from the gef=4.28 EPR line are typical of the occurrence of iron (III) occupying substitutional sites. Moreover, the dielectric sizes such as ε'(ω), ε″(ω), imaginary parts of the electrical modulus, M(*)(ω) and the loss tanδ, their variation with frequency at room temperature show a decrease in relaxation intensity with an increase in the concentration of (B2O3). On the present work, we have found a weak extinction index with our new glass.

Topics: Boron Compounds; Electric Impedance; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ferric Compounds; Glass; Phosphorus Compounds; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Previous studies investigating manufacture of phosphate-based glass fibres from glasses fixed with P2O5 content less than 50 mol% showed that continuous manufacture without breakage was very difficult. In this study, nine phosphate-based glass formulations from the system P2O5-CaO-Na2O-MgO-B2O3 were prepared with P2O5 contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%, where Na2O was replaced by 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 and MgO and CaO were fixed to 24 and 16 mol%, respectively. The effect of B2O3 addition on the fibre drawing, fibre mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour was investigated. It was found that addition of 5 and 10 mol% B2O3 enabled successful drawing of continuous fibres from glasses with phosphate (P2O5) contents fixed at 40, 45 and 50 mol%. The mechanical properties of the fibres were found to significantly increase with increasing B2O3 content. The highest tensile strength (1200 ± 130 MPa) was recorded for 45P2O5-16CaO-5Na2O-24MgO-10B2O3 glass fibres. The fibres were annealed, and a comparison of the mechanical properties and mode of degradation of annealed and non-annealed fibres were investigated. A decrease in tensile strength and an increase in tensile modulus were observed for the annealed fibres. An assessment of the change in mechanical properties of both the annealed and non-annealed fibres was performed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 37℃ for 28 and 60 days, respectively. Initial loss of mechanical properties due to annealing was found to be recovered with degradation. The B2O3-containing glass fibres were found to degrade at a much slower rate as compared to the non-B2O3-containing fibres. Both annealed and non-annealed fibres exhibited a peeling effect of the fibre's outer layer during degradation.

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Boron Compounds; Glass; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Phosphates; Phosphorus Compounds; Pressure; Solubility; Stress, Mechanical; Tensile Strength; Tissue Engineering

To investigate the influence of cation mobility variation due to the mixed glass former effect, 0.45Li(2)O-(0.55-x)P(2)O(5)-xB(2)O(3) glasses (0≤x≤0.55) are studied keeping the molar ratio of Li(2)O/(P(2)O(5)+B(2)O(3)) constant. Addition of B(2)O(3) into lithium phosphate glasses increases the glass transition temperature (T(g)) and number density, decreases the molar volume, and generally renders the glasses more fragile. The glass system has been characterised experimentally by XRD, XPS and impedance studies and studied computationally by constant volume molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and bond valence (BV) method to identify the structural variation with increasing the B(2)O(3) content, its consequence for Li(+) ion mobility, as well as the distribution of bridging and non-bridging oxygen atoms. These studies indicate the increase of P-O-B bonds (up to Y=[B(2)O(3)]/([B(2)O(3)]+[P(2)O(5)])≈0.5 and B-O-B bonds, as well as the decrease of P-O-P bonds and non-bridging oxygens (NBOs) with rising B(2)O(3) content. The system with Y≈0.5 exhibits maximum ionic conductivity, 1.0×10(-7) S cm(-1), with activation energy 0.63 V. Findings are rationalised by a model of structure evolution with varying B(2)O(3) content Y and an empirical model quantifying the effect of the various structural building blocks on the ionic conductivity in this mixed glass former system.

Topics: Boron Compounds; Computer Simulation; Glass; Lithium; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Phosphorus Compounds; Photoelectron Spectroscopy; Transition Temperature; X-Ray Diffraction

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), optical absorption, and FT-IR spectra of vanadyl ions in the sodium-lead borophosphate (Na(2)O-PbO-B(2)O(3)-P(2)O(5)) (SLBP) glass system have been studied. EPR spectra of all the glass samples exhibit resonance signals characteristic of VO(2+) ions. The spin Hamiltonian parameters g and A are found to be independent of the V(2)O(5) content and temperature. The values of the spin Hamiltonian parameters indicate that the VO(2+) ions in SLBP glasses are present in octahedral sites with tetragonal compression. The population difference between Zeeman levels (N) is calculated as a function of temperature for an SLBP glass sample containing 1.0 mol % VO(2+) ions. From the EPR data, the paramagnetic susceptibility (χ) is calculated at different temperatures, and the Curie constant (C) is calculated from the 1/χ versus T graph. The optical absorption spectra of the glass samples show two absorption bands, and they are attributed to V(3+) and V(4+) ions. The optical band gap energy (E(opt)) and Urbach energy (ΔE) are calculated from their ultraviolet absorption edges. It is observed that, as the vanadium ion concentration increases, E(opt) decreases and ΔE increases. The study of the IR absorption spectrum depicts the presence of BO(3), BO(4), PO(3), PO(4), and VO(5) structural units.

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Boron Compounds; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Glass; Ions; Lead; Optical Devices; Oxides; Phosphorus Compounds; Sodium Compounds; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Vanadates

New bioactive glasses with compositions based on the CaO-MgO-SiO(2) system and additives of B(2)O(3), P(2)O(5), Na(2)O, and CaF(2) were prepared. The in vitro mineralization behaviour was tested by immersion of powders or bulk glasses in simulated body fluid (SBF). Monitoring of ionic concentrations in SBF and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations at the surface of the glasses were conducted over immersion time. Raman and infrared (IR) spectroscopy shed light on the structural evolution occurring at the surface of the glasses that leads to formation of hydroxyapatite.

Topics: Biocompatible Materials; Boron Compounds; Calcium Fluoride; Durapatite; Glass; Infrared Rays; Oxides; Phosphorus Compounds; Sodium Compounds; Spectrum Analysis, Raman

The bioactivity, i.e., bone-bonding ability, of 26 glasses in the system Na2O-K2O-MgO-CaO-B2O3-P2O5-SiO2 was studied in vivo. This investigation of bioactivity was performed to establish the compositional dependence of bioactivity, and enabled a model to be developed that describes the relation between reactions in vivo and glass composition. Reactions in vivo were investigated by inserting glass implants into rabbit tibia for 8 weeks. The glasses and the surrounding tissue were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), light microscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDXA). For most of the glasses containing < 59 mol % SiO2, SEM and EDXA showed two distinct layers at the glass surface after implantation, one silica-rich and another containing calcium phosphate. The build-up of these layers in vivo was taken as a sign of bioactivity. The in vivo experiments showed that glasses in the investigated system are bioactive when they contain 14-30 mol % alkali oxides, 14-30 mol % alkaline earth oxides, and < 59 mol % SiO2. Glasses containing potassium and magnesium bonded to bone in a similar way as bioactive glasses developed so far.

Topics: Animals; Biocompatible Materials; Bone Cements; Boron Compounds; Calcium Compounds; Electron Probe Microanalysis; Female; Glass; Implants, Experimental; Magnesium Oxide; Male; Materials Testing; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Osseointegration; Oxides; Phosphorus Compounds; Potassium Compounds; Rabbits; Silicon Dioxide; Sodium Compounds; Tibia