bongkrekic-acid and toxoflavin

A linear combination derivative spectrophotometric method is described. The method overcomes the problem of overlapping in derivative spectrophotometry and allows the maximum use of quantitative information. In addition, the method can be used to increase the selectivity, sensitivity and accuracy of the simultaneous analysis of multicomponent mixtures. The application of the method to the simultaneous determination of bongkrekic acid and toxoflavin, the toxic metabolites produced by Pseudomonas farinofermentans, is described.

Topics: Bongkrekic Acid; Food Contamination; Pseudomonas; Pyrimidinones; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Triazines

Tempe bongkrek was prepared from partially defatted coconut by fermentation with the mould Rhizopus oligosporus. The addition of 2% sodium chloride decreased but did not inhibit formation of bongkrek acid by Pseudomonas cocovenenans strain ITB in either coconut culture medium (CCM) or tempe bongkrek, while 2% sodium chloride or acidification of CCM to pH 4.5 with acetic acid inhibited formation of toxoflavin. Toxin formation by three strains of Ps. cocovenenans in tempe bongkrek was inhibited by the combination of 2% sodium chloride and reduction of pH to 4.5 with acetic acid. Mycelial growth of R. oligosporus was sometimes affected by toxin production by Ps. cocovenenans, but not by the addition of 2% sodium chloride and/or acidification of CCM to pH 4.5 with acetic acid.

Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacterial Toxins; Bongkrekic Acid; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cocos; Fermentation; Food Microbiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Pseudomonas; Pyrimidinones; Rhizopus; Sodium Chloride; Triazines

Fermented corn flour containing toxoflavin and bongkretic acid produced by P. farinofermentans can cause acute food poisoning, but study on mutagenicity of toxoflavin has not been reported. We studied the mutagenicity of toxoflavin by Tradescantia Paludosa and animal micronucleus tests. The results showed that toxoflavin possesses distinct mutagenic action in both plant and animal cells. Mutagenic action of toxoflavin in cells may have important bearing on food hygiene examination.

Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bongkrekic Acid; Female; Fermentation; Flour; Male; Mice; Micronucleus Tests; Pseudomonas; Pyrimidinones; Triazines