bisabolol and spathulenol

Chemical composition and potent odorants that contribute to the characteristic odor of essential oil from Alismatis Rhizoma (tubers of Alisma orientale) were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), GC-olfactometry (GC-O), aroma extract dilution analysis (AEDA) and relative flavor activity (RFA) methods. Fifty components, representing 94.5% of the total oil, were identified. In this study, we newly identified thirty-nine compounds in the oil from tubers of A. orientale. The major constituents of the essential oil were khusinol (36.2%), δ-elemene (12.4%), germacron (4.1%), alismol (3.8%), β-elemene (3.1%), and α-bisabolol (1.9%). Through sensory analysis, sixteen aroma-active compounds were detected and the key contributing aroma-active compounds were δ-elemene (woody, flavor dilution (FD)-factor = 4, RFA = 0.3) β-elemene (spicy, FD = 5, RFA = 0.7), spathulenol (green, FD = 5, RFA = 1.0), γ-eudesmol (woody, FD = 6, RFA = 1.5), and γ-cadinol (woody, FD = 5, RFA = 1.0). These compounds are thought to contribute to the odor from tubers of A. orientale. These results imply that the essential oil from the tubers of A. orientale deserve further investigations in the phytochemical and medicinal fields.

Topics: Alisma; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Odorants; Oils, Volatile; Olfactometry; Plant Stems; Sesquiterpenes; Sesquiterpenes, Germacrane

Prangos pabularia Lindl. (Apiaceae) is a widespread perennial herb distributed from Russia to Iran, Turkey, India, Central Asia and Caucasian. It has been used in folk medicine from ancient times as a diuretic agent and a treatment for leukoplakia, digestive disorders, healing scars and stopping bleeding. In the present study, the composition of the essential oils isolated from leaves, fruits and umbels of this plant was analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the leaves' oil was dominated by sesquiterpene derivatives with spathulenol (16.09%) and α-bisabolol (14.30%) as major components. The fruits and umbels oil were characterized by monoterpenes comprised of α-pinene (33.87, 21.46%) as the main compound. The essential oil of the plant leaves exhibited high allelopathic activity.

Topics: Apiaceae; Fruit; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Germination; Iran; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Leaves; Sesquiterpenes

In the current investigation, the influence of the plant growth stages (prior to emergence of flower heads or vegetative, anthesis and fruiting) on the essential oil content and composition in the aerial parts of Prangos uloptera DC. was studied. Quantitative and qualitative differences were found among oil of aerial parts at three phenological stages. The principle compounds of the oil before emergence of flower heads were saferole (21.6%) and α-pinene (20%), while the oil at anthesis was composed of α-bisabolol (30.5%), saferole (19.11%) and (+)-spathulenol (12.9%). The oil at fruiting stage displayed γ-terpinene (35.5%) and trans-anethole (23.5%) as major constituents. These findings may confer valuable information regarding chemical composition of P. uloptera DC., which could be beneficial in the fields of herbal medicine.

Topics: Allylbenzene Derivatives; Anisoles; Apiaceae; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Cyclohexane Monoterpenes; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Safrole; Sesquiterpenes

The analysis of the essential oil from rhizome and roots of Ferula hermonis Boiss. (Apiaceae) by GC-FID, GC-MS and ¹³C NMR allowed the identification of 79 constituents, more than 90% of the oil, the major one being α-pinene (43.3%), followed by α-bisabolol (11.1%) and the unusual acetylenic compound 3,5-nonadiyne (4.4%). The antifungal activity of the essential oil before and after fractionation was assayed against several yeasts and filamentous fungi. Purification of the active fractions afforded 3,5-nonadiyne, α-bisabolol, jaeschkeanadiol angelate, α-bisabolol oxide B and trans-verbenol, as well as two purified fractions, one of them (JB73) with 73% of jaeschkeanadiol benzoate and the other with 50% of spathulenol. Determination of MIC and MFC values of all these products evidenced strong antifungal activities for JB73 and 3,5-nonadiyne. Particularly, against the dermatophyte Tricophyton mentagrophytes, MIC and MFC values were 0.25 μg/ml for JB73, and 8 μg/ml for 3,5-nonadiyne, the former being more active than amphotericin B and nystatin.

Topics: Alkynes; Antifungal Agents; Bicyclic Monoterpenes; Chemical Fractionation; Ferula; Fungi; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Monocyclic Sesquiterpenes; Monoterpenes; Oils, Volatile; Plant Roots; Rhizome; Sesquiterpenes