betaine has been researched along with proline in 233 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 26 (11.16) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 57 (24.46) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 65 (27.90) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 59 (25.32) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 26 (11.16) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Brandsch, M; Gebauer, S; Laug, L; Schäfer, S; Thondorf, I; Voigt, V; Zebisch, K | 1 |
| Kilroe-Smith, TA; McLoughlin, JL | 1 |
| Jones, RG | 1 |
| Borghetti, AF; Borghetti, P; De Angelis, EM; Petronini, PG; Wheeler, KP | 1 |
| Bakhrouf, A; Gauthier, MJ; Jeddi, M | 1 |
| al-Harthi, L; Coyne, VE | 1 |
| Kelly, AF; Kroll, RG; Patchett, RA | 2 |
| Booth, IR; Pourkomailian, B | 2 |
| Cayley, S; Lewis, BA; Record, MT | 1 |
| Graham, JE; Wilkinson, BJ | 1 |
| Jones, GP; Naidu, BP; Paleg, LG; Winzor, CL; Winzor, DJ | 1 |
| Bae, JH; Miller, KJ | 1 |
| Epstein, W; McLaggan, D | 1 |
| Goins, B; Rudolph, AS | 1 |
| Chudek, JA; Reed, RH; Whatmore, AM | 1 |
| Fougère, F; Le Rudulier, D | 1 |
| Milner, JL; Wood, JM | 1 |
| Dattananda, CS; Gowrishankar, J | 1 |
| Booth, IR; Gallagher, MP; Higgins, CF; Hyde, SC; Mimmack, ML; Pearce, SR | 1 |
| Burgess, RR; Jovanovich, SB; Martinell, M; Record, MT | 1 |
| Landfald, B; Larsen, PI; Strøm, AR; Sydnes, LK | 1 |
| Barron, A; Bremer, E; May, G; Villarejo, M | 1 |
| Barron, A; Jung, JU; Villarejo, M | 1 |
| Chambers, ST; Kunin, CM | 2 |
| Booth, IR; Cairney, J; Elmore, MJ; Higgins, CF; Sutherland, L | 1 |
| Gowrishankar, J; Jayashree, P; Rajkumari, K | 1 |
| Booth, IR; Cairney, J; Higgins, CF | 2 |
| Chambers, S; Kunin, CM | 1 |
| Crowe, JH; Crowe, LM; Rudolph, AS | 1 |
| Asafov, GB; Ekisenina, NI; Ivanova, LM; Lumel'skiĭ, VIa; Smagin, VG | 1 |
| Evered, DF; Nunn, PB | 1 |
| Evered, DF; Franklin, CS; Nunn, PB | 1 |
| Baker, RD; George, MJ | 1 |
| Deren, JJ; Strauss, EW; Wilson, TH | 1 |
| Munck, BG | 1 |
| Deren, JJ; Padykula, HA; Wilson, TH | 1 |
| Bernard, T; Goas, G; Hamelin, J; Le Rudulier, D | 1 |
| Hansen, JN; Lin, Y | 1 |
| Deuerling, E; Paeslack, B; Schumann, W | 1 |
| Amin, US; Lash, TD; Wilkinson, BJ | 1 |
| Csonka, LN; Gutierrez, JA | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Faatz, E; Haardt, M; Kempf, B | 1 |
| Csonka, LN; Fletcher, SA; Ikeda, TP; Kustu, S | 1 |
| Mellies, J; Villarejo, M; Wise, A | 1 |
| Abee, T; Beumer, RR; Cox, LJ; Rombouts, FM; Te Giffel, MC | 1 |
| Hynes, SH; Ingledew, WM; Thomas, KC | 1 |
| Bason, LM; Chambers, ST; Hayman, CM; Lever, M; Sizeland, PC | 1 |
| Burnet, M; Dillon, MO; Gage, DA; Hanson, AD; Rathinasabapathi, B; Rivoal, J | 1 |
| Wright, SH; Wunz, TM | 1 |
| Alkema, H; Driessen, AJ; Hagting, A; Konings, WN; Molenaar, D | 1 |
| Anderson, SH; Bae, JH; Miller, KJ | 1 |
| Abdel-Ghany, Y; Kunin, CM; LeRudulier, D; Miller, DD; Poggi, MC; Tong, HH | 1 |
| Liu, QR; López-Corcuera, B; Mandiyan, S; Nelson, H; Nelson, N | 1 |
| Culham, DE; Lasby, B; Marangoni, AG; Milner, JL; Steer, BA; van Nues, RW; Wood, JM | 1 |
| Chambers, ST; Peddie, BA | 1 |
| Blanco, C; Bonnassie, S; Gouesbet, G; Trautwetter, A; Wu, LF | 1 |
| Glaasker, E; Konings, WN; Poolman, B | 1 |
| Boucher, D; Griveau, JF; Grizard, G; Le Lannou, D; Renard, P; Sion, B | 1 |
| Cutler, KO; Deutch, CE; Reese, LM | 1 |
| Bollag, JM; Feng, Y; Racke, KD | 1 |
| Bayles, DO; Jayaswal, RK; Nadakavukaren, MJ; Vijaranakul, U; Wilkinson, BJ | 1 |
| Chambers, ST; Lever, M; Peddie, BA; Randall, K | 1 |
| Rajendrakumar, CS; Reddy, AR; Suryanarayana, T | 1 |
| Bader, A; Burkovski, A; Krämer, R; Lambert, C; Peter, H | 1 |
| Krämer, R; Lambert, C; Peter, H; Ruffert, S; Wendisch, VF | 1 |
| Caprio, J; Valentincic, T | 1 |
| Boch, J; Bremer, E; Kneip, S; Nau-Wagner, G | 1 |
| Pourkomaillan, B | 1 |
| Lindquist, S; Singer, MA | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Spiegelhalter, F | 1 |
| Glaasker, E; Heuberger, EH; Konings, WN; Poolman, B | 1 |
| Burkovski, A; Krämer, R; Morbach, S; Peter, H; Weil, B | 1 |
| Gage, DA; Hanson, AD; Nolte, KD; Nuccio, ML; Rathinasabapathi, B; Russell, BL | 1 |
| Chambers, ST; Dellow, WJ; Lever, M; Lunt, H; Robson, RA | 1 |
| Maxwell, WM; Sánchez-Partida, LG; Setchell, BP | 1 |
| Alexander, DA; Culham, DE; Kunte, HJ; MacMillan, SV; Marshall, EV; Rochon, D; Wood, JM | 1 |
| Nakamura, T; Takabe, T | 1 |
| Hayashi, H; Murata, N; Sakamoto, A | 1 |
| Ahmad, F; Anjum, F; Rishi, V | 1 |
| Dantzler, WH; Lien, YH; Moeckel, GW; Pummer, S; Silbernagl, S; Völker, K | 1 |
| Bayles, DO; Wilkinson, BJ | 1 |
| Magistrini, M; Palmer, E; Trimeche, A; Vidament, M; Yvon, JM | 1 |
| Anderson, CF; Capp, MW; Courtenay, ES; Record, MT | 1 |
| Boncompagni, E; Dupont, L; Lambert, A; Le Rudulier, D; Mignot, T; Osteräs, M; Poggi, MC | 1 |
| Kumar, SG; Madhusudhan, KV; Sreenivasulu, N; Sudhakar, C | 1 |
| Baba, S; Hibino, T; Ishii, T; Ishikawa, H; Kawamitsu, Y; Matsuda, N; Meng, YL; Takabe, T; Tanaka, Y; Uehara, N; Wada, K | 1 |
| Hamilton, EW; Heckathorn, SA | 1 |
| Diamant, S; Eliahu, N; Goloubinoff, P; Rosenthal, D | 1 |
| Miller, WM; Schmelzer, AE | 1 |
| Futsuhara, Y; Hayakawa, S; Hibino, T; Incharoensakdi, A; Kawamitsu, Y; Nakamura, T; Suzuki, S; Takabe, T; Tanaka, Y; Waditee, R | 1 |
| Chen, TH; Murata, N | 1 |
| Miller, KJ; Vilhelmsson, O | 1 |
| Kumar, S; Luthra, R; Rai, SP | 1 |
| Eriksson, J; Nordström, T; Nyrén, P | 1 |
| Baliarda, A; Blanco, C; Deschamps, A; Jebbar, M; Le Marrec, C; Robert, H | 1 |
| Cabrera-Martinez, RM; Setlow, B; Setlow, P; Tovar-Rojo, F | 1 |
| Bösser, L; Breed, J; Bremer, E; Diederichs, K; Gade, J; Holtmann, G; Kneip, S; Schiefner, A; Welte, W | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Holtmann, G | 1 |
| Alexieva, V; Atanassov, A; Djilianov, D; Ivanov, S; Karanov, E; Konstantinova, T; Parvanova, D; Tsvetkov, T | 1 |
| Krämer, R; Morbach, S | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Diederichs, K; Holtmann, G; Schiefner, A; Welte, W | 1 |
| Krämer, R; Morbach, S; Steger, R; Weinand, M | 1 |
| Bajji, M; Kinet, JM; Lutts, S; Martìnez, JP; Schanck, A | 1 |
| Botzenhardt, J; Krämer, R; Morbach, S | 1 |
| Chebotareva, NA; Harding, SE; Kurganov, BI; Winzor, DJ | 1 |
| Grallath, S; Gumy, C; Meyer, A; Neuhaus, JM; Rentsch, D; Suter-Grotemeyer, M; Weimar, T | 1 |
| Ganapathy, V; Gatfield, KM; Kennedy, DJ; Thwaites, DT; Winpenny, JP | 1 |
| Ma, YQ; Weng, YJ; Zhao, Y | 1 |
| Kisidayová, S; Michałowski, T; Newbold, CJ; Váradyová, Z | 1 |
| Dubey, RS; Sharma, P | 1 |
| Cuin, TA; Shabala, S | 1 |
| Nout, MJ; Rombouts, FM; Thanh, NV | 1 |
| Chebotareva, NA; Eronina, TB; Kurganov, BI | 1 |
| Eskandari, S; Grallath, S; Meyer, A; Rentsch, D | 1 |
| Krämer, R; Morbach, S; Ott, V; Schiller, D | 1 |
| Breed, J; Bremer, E; Horn, C; Schmitt, L; Sohn-Bösser, L; Welte, W | 1 |
| Banu, MN; Hoque, MA; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Okuma, E; Shimoishi, Y | 1 |
| Dandekar, AM; Le Rudulier, D; Smith, LT; Strom, AR; Valentine, RC | 1 |
| Boscari, A; Le Rudulier, D; Mandon, K; Van de Sype, G | 1 |
| Alloing, G; Dupont, L; Le Rudulier, D; Sagot, B; Travers, I | 1 |
| Jayashree, R; Kala, RG; Kumari Jayasree, P; Rekha, K; Sobha, S; Sushmakumari, S; Thulaseedharan, A; Venkatachalam, P | 1 |
| Anas, MK; Baltz, JM; Hammer, MA; Lever, M; Stanton, JA | 1 |
| Amako, K; Banu, MN; Hoque, MA; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Okuma, E; Shimoishi, Y | 1 |
| Fleischer, R; Heermann, R; Hunke, S; Jung, K | 1 |
| Krämer, R; Morbach, S; Weinand, M | 1 |
| Draper, DE; Lambert, D | 1 |
| Jaleel, CA; Kishorekumar, A; Lakshmanan, GM; Manivannan, P; Panneerselvam, R; Sankar, B; Somasundaram, R | 1 |
| Jaleel, CA; Kishorekumar, A; Manivannan, P; Panneerselvam, R; Sankar, B | 1 |
| Gierasch, LM; Ignatova, Z | 1 |
| Tuteja, N | 1 |
| Banu, MN; Hoque, MA; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Shimoishi, Y | 1 |
| Atkinson, W; Chambers, ST; Downer, P; George, PM; Lever, M | 1 |
| Gopi, R; Jaleel, CA; Panneerselvam, R | 1 |
| Chen, Z; Cuin, TA; Naidu, BP; Shabala, S; Twomey, A; Zhou, M | 1 |
| Ben Hassine, A; Bouzid, S; Ghanem, ME; Lutts, S | 2 |
| Banu, NA; Hoque, A; Matsuoka, K; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Shimoishi, Y; Watanabe-Sugimoto, M | 1 |
| Jaleel, CA; Manivannan, P; Panneerselvam, R; Somasundaram, R | 1 |
| Jha, B; Mandoli, A; Mishra, A | 1 |
| Burg, K; Guignard, C; Hausman, JF; Hoffmann, L; Oufir, M; Schulz, N; Sha Vallikhan, PS; Wilhelm, E | 1 |
| Banu, MN; Hoque, MA; Islam, MM; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Okuma, E; Shimoishi, Y | 1 |
| Ishida, A; Nagata, S; Oshima, A; Sasaki, H; Wang, Y; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Arias, CR; Hirai, Y; Mori, IC; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Okuma, E; Shimoishi, Y; Sobahan, MA | 1 |
| Banu, MN; Hoque, MA; Islam, MM; Jahan, MS; Jannat, R; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Okuma, E | 1 |
| Banu, MN; Hoque, MA; Islam, MM; Matsuoka, K; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Uraji, M; Watanabe-Sugimoto, M | 1 |
| Hagemann, M; Klähn, S | 1 |
| Bjorge, D; Schwan, WR; Wetzel, KJ | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Hoffmann, T | 1 |
| Borwankar, T; Dosche, C; Ignatova, Z; Röthlein, C; Techen, A; Zhang, G | 1 |
| Considine, KM; Fitzgerald, GF; Hill, C; Kelly, AL; Sleator, RD | 1 |
| Babbar, SB; Bansal, KC; Goel, D; Murata, N; Singh, AK; Yadav, V | 1 |
| Cha-Um, S; Kageyama, H; Kirdmanee, C; Promden, W; Takabe, T; Tanaka, Y; Yamada, N | 1 |
| Sakakibara, S; Takabe, T; Tanaka, Y; Tsutsumi, K; Waditee, R; Yamada, N | 1 |
| Castro-Puyana, M; Crego, AL; Luisa Marina, M; Sánchez-Hernández, L | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Gohlke, H; Holtmann, G; Pittelkow, M; Schmitt, L; Smits, SH; Sohn-Bösser, L; Tschapek, B | 1 |
| Auton, M; Bolen, DW; Holthauzen, LM; Rösgen, J; Sinev, M | 1 |
| Cawthray, GR; Colmer, TD; Nio, SA; Wade, LJ | 1 |
| Balestrieri, ML; Bata-Csere, A; Castaldo, D; Cautela, D; Giovane, A; Servillo, L | 1 |
| Fatma, T; Habib, K; Kumar, S; Manikar, N; Zutshi, S | 1 |
| Colombetti, G; Fulgentini, L; Marangoni, R; Melck, D; Motta, A; Paris, D | 1 |
| Balestrieri, ML; Castaldo, D; Cautela, D; Ferrari, G; Giovane, A; Servillo, L | 1 |
| Fan, W; Zhang, H; Zhang, M; Zhang, P | 1 |
| Bearden, DW; Boroujerdi, AF; DiTullio, GR; Janech, MG; Lee, PA; Vied, SB | 1 |
| Ghoul, M; Silini, A; Silini-Chérif, H | 1 |
| Akter, N; Hirai, Y; Mori, IC; Murata, Y; Nakamura, Y; Ohno, M; Okuma, E; Sobahan, MA | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Brosius, M; Hoffmann, T; Steil, L; Völker, U; Wensing, A | 1 |
| Angelova, P; Atanassov, A; Djilianov, D; Doltchinkova, V; Ivanova, E; Konstantinova, T; Moyankova, D | 1 |
| Flummer, C; Hedemann, MS; Kristensen, NB; Theil, PK | 1 |
| Capp, MW; Diehl, RC; Guinn, EJ; Record, MT; Tsodikov, OV | 1 |
| Chen, J; Duan, X; Wu, J | 1 |
| Myers, JK; Silvers, TR | 1 |
| Dozen, M; Miyawaki, O; Nomura, K | 1 |
| Cannistra, JC; Gloer, JB; Rogers, KD; Wicklow, DT | 1 |
| Johnson, GN; Ogbaga, CC; Stepien, P | 1 |
| Adamski, J; Gieger, C; Illig, T; Kastenmüller, G; Meisinger, C; Mook-Kanamori, DO; Peters, A; Petersen, AK; Prehn, C; Römisch-Margl, W; Suhre, K; Wang-Sattler, R | 1 |
| Burke, T; Coumoundouros, C; Culham, DE; Deutch, CE; Ellinger, J; Kerr, CH; Murdock, L; Plater, SM; To, E; Wood, JM; Wright, G | 1 |
| Alam, MM; Fujita, M; Hasanuzzaman, M; Nahar, K; Rahman, A | 1 |
| Boyce, MC; Breadmore, MC; Guijt, RM; Kalsoom, U | 1 |
| Hosoda, K; Terawaki, S; Wakamatsu, K; Wang, H | 1 |
| Ells, TC; Huang, Y; Truelstrup Hansen, L | 1 |
| Hussain, I; Mahmood, S; Parveen, A; Rasheed, R; Wahid, A | 1 |
| Li, ZG | 1 |
| Balestrieri, ML; Casale, R; Castaldo, D; Cautela, D; Giovane, A; Paolucci, M; Servillo, L; Siano, F; Volpe, MG | 1 |
| Choudhary, S; Hosur, RV; Kishore, N | 1 |
| Guo, KN; Li, JH; Li, LJ; Liu, C; Wu, CY | 1 |
| Chen, H; Chen, XF; Dong, YY; Guo, C; Li, HY; Li, XW; Wang, FW; Wang, ML; Wang, N; Wang, ZM | 1 |
| Bader, M; Beusch, A; Hofmann, T; Lang, R; Lang, T; Schlagbauer, V | 1 |
| Csiszár, J; Gallé, Á; Galović, V; Orlović, S; Poór, P; Popović, BM; Štajner, D; Tari, I; Trudić, B; Ždero-Pavlović, R | 1 |
| Aurich, C; Budik, S; De Oliveira, RA | 1 |
| Ahanger, MA; Ahmad, P; Alam, P; Alyemeni, MN; Bhardwaj, R; Wijaya, L | 1 |
| Ahmad, P; Alam, P; Alyemeni, MN; Jan, S; Siddique, KH; Wijaya, L | 1 |
| Ghassemi-Golezani, K; Mostafaei, E; Salehi-Lisar, Y; Zehtab-Salmasi, S | 1 |
| Alamri, SA; Alaraidh, IA; Alayafi, AA; Ali, HM; Alsahli, AA; El-Esawi, MA | 1 |
| Abadía, J; Ebrahimi, M; Hosseini, MS; Khanahmadi, M; Samsampour, D | 1 |
| Blasco, B; De la Torre-González, A; Montesinos-Pereira, D; Ruiz, JM | 1 |
| Boutin, R; Culham, DE; Garner, J; Lamoureux, G; Marom, D; Ozturk, TN; Sahtout, N; Tempelhagen, L; Wood, JM | 1 |
| Cui, W; Fan, Q; Feng, N; He, Z; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Behrman, EJ; Krzycki, JA; Picking, JW; Zhang, L | 1 |
| Cha-Um, S; Samphumphuang, T; Singh, HP; Theerawitaya, C; Tisarum, R | 1 |
| Govrin, R; Obstbaum, T; Sivan, U | 1 |
| Åkesson, B; Auriola, S; Hanhineva, K; Hermansen, K; Kärkkäinen, O; Kolehmainen, M; Lehtonen, M; Leppänen, J; Poutanen, K; Risérus, U; Savolainen, MJ; Schwab, U; Thorsdottir, I; Tuomainen, M; Uusitupa, M | 1 |
| Cheng, S; Ge, W; Ji, S; Luo, M; Sun, H; Sun, Y; Wei, B; Zhou, Q; Zhou, X | 1 |
| Abd Allah, EF; Ahmad, P; Bhardwaj, R; Hashem, A; Khanna, K; Ohri, P; Sharma, A | 1 |
| Alhaithloul, HA; Ameta, KL; El-Esawi, MA; Elkelish, A; Soliman, MH | 1 |
| El-Eryan, E; Tarabih, M | 1 |
| Nawaz, M; Wang, Z | 1 |
| Bi, S; Qian, F; Wang, P; Xia, N; Xiong, L | 1 |
| Brown, AP; Chivasa, S; Cummins, I; Goche, T; Ngara, R; Shargie, NG | 1 |
| Abbasi, S; Abd El-Wahab, A; Abdallah, M; Abebe, G; Aca-Aca, G; Adama, S; Adefegha, SA; Adidigue-Ndiome, R; Adiseshaiah, P; Adrario, E; Aghajanian, C; Agnese, W; Ahmad, A; Ahmad, I; Ahmed, MFE; Akcay, OF; Akinmoladun, AC; Akutagawa, T; Alakavuklar, MA; Álava-Rabasa, S; Albaladejo-Florín, MJ; Alexandra, AJE; Alfawares, R; Alferiev, IS; Alghamdi, HS; Ali, I; Allard, B; Allen, JD; Almada, E; Alobaid, A; Alonso, GL; Alqahtani, YS; Alqarawi, W; Alsaleh, H; Alyami, BA; Amaral, BPD; Amaro, JT; Amin, SAW; Amodio, E; Amoo, ZA; Andia Biraro, I; Angiolella, L; Anheyer, D; Anlay, DZ; Annex, BH; Antonio-Aguirre, B; Apple, S; Arbuznikov, AV; Arinsoy, T; Armstrong, DK; Ash, S; Aslam, M; Asrie, F; Astur, DC; Atzrodt, J; Au, DW; Aucoin, M; Auerbach, EJ; Azarian, S; Ba, D; Bai, Z; Baisch, PRM; Balkissou, AD; Baltzopoulos, V; Banaszewski, M; Banerjee, S; Bao, Y; Baradwan, A; Barandika, JF; Barger, PM; Barion, MRL; Barrett, CD; Basudan, AM; Baur, LE; Baz-Rodríguez, SA; Beamer, P; Beaulant, A; Becker, DF; Beckers, C; Bedel, J; Bedlack, R; Bermúdez de Castro, JM; Berry, JD; Berthier, C; Bhattacharya, D; Biadgo, B; Bianco, G; Bianco, M; Bibi, S; Bigliardi, AP; Billheimer, D; Birnie, DH; Biswas, K; Blair, HC; Bognetti, P; Bolan, PJ; Bolla, JR; Bolze, A; Bonnaillie, P; Borlimi, R; Bórquez, J; Bottari, NB; Boulleys-Nana, JR; Brighetti, G; Brodeur, GM; Budnyak, T; Budnyk, S; Bukirwa, VD; Bulman, DM; Burm, R; Busman-Sahay, K; Butcher, TW; Cai, C; Cai, H; Cai, L; Cairati, M; Calvano, CD; Camacho-Ordóñez, A; Camela, E; Cameron, T; Campbell, BS; Cansian, RL; Cao, Y; Caporale, AS; Carciofi, AC; Cardozo, V; Carè, J; Carlos, AF; Carozza, R; Carroll, CJW; Carsetti, A; Carubelli, V; Casarotta, E; Casas, M; Caselli, G; Castillo-Lora, J; Cataldi, TRI; Cavalcante, ELB; Cavaleiro, A; Cayci, Z; Cebrián-Tarancón, C; Cedrone, E; Cella, D; Cereda, C; Ceretti, A; Ceroni, M; Cha, YH; Chai, X; Chang, EF; Chang, TS; Chanteux, H; Chao, M; Chaplin, BP; Chaturvedi, S; Chaturvedi, V; Chaudhary, DK; Chen, A; Chen, C; Chen, HY; Chen, J; Chen, JJ; Chen, K; Chen, L; Chen, Q; Chen, R; Chen, SY; Chen, TY; Chen, WM; Chen, X; Chen, Y; Cheng, G; Cheng, GJ; Cheng, J; Cheng, YH; Cheon, HG; Chew, KW; Chhoker, S; Chiu, WN; Choi, ES; Choi, MJ; Choi, SD; Chokshi, S; Chorny, M; Chu, KI; Chu, WJ; Church, AL; Cirrincione, A; Clamp, AR; Cleff, MB; Cohen, M; Coleman, RL; Collins, SL; Colombo, N; Conduit, N; Cong, WL; Connelly, MA; Connor, J; Cooley, K; Correa Ramos Leal, I; Cose, S; Costantino, C; Cottrell, M; Cui, L; Cundall, J; Cutaia, C; Cutler, CW; Cuypers, ML; da Silva Júnior, FMR; Dahal, RH; Damiani, E; Damtie, D; Dan-Li, W; Dang, Z; Dasa, SSK; Davin, A; Davis, DR; de Andrade, CM; de Jong, PL; de Oliveira, D; de Paula Dorigam, JC; Dean, A; Deepa, M; Delatour, C; Dell'Aiera, S; Delley, MF; den Boer, RB; Deng, L; Deng, Q; Depner, RM; Derdau, V; Derici, U; DeSantis, AJ; Desmarini, D; Diffo-Sonkoue, L; Divizia, M; Djenabou, A; Djordjevic, JT; Dobrovolskaia, MA; Domizi, R; Donati, A; Dong, Y; Dos Santos, M; Dos Santos, MP; 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Tseng, CH; Tu, H; Tu, YJ; Tung, SY; Turpault, S; Tuynman, JB; Uemoto, AT; Ugurlu, M; Ullah, S; Underwood, RS; Ungell, AL; Usandizaga-Elio, I; Vakonakis, I; van Boxel, GI; van den Beucken, JJJP; van der Boom, T; van Slegtenhorst, MA; Vanni, JR; Vaquera, A; Vasconcellos, RS; Velayos, M; Vena, R; Ventura, G; Verso, MG; Vincent, RP; Vitale, F; Vitali, S; Vlek, SL; Vleugels, MPH; Volkmann, N; Vukelic, M; Wagner Mackenzie, B; Wairagala, P; Waller, SB; Wan, J; Wan, MT; Wan, Y; Wang, CC; Wang, H; Wang, J; Wang, JF; Wang, K; Wang, L; Wang, M; Wang, S; Wang, WM; Wang, X; Wang, Y; Wang, YD; Wang, YF; Wang, Z; Wang, ZG; Warriner, K; Weberpals, JI; Weerachayaphorn, J; Wehrli, FW; Wei, J; Wei, KL; Weinheimer, CJ; Weisbord, SD; Wen, S; Wendel Garcia, PD; Williams, JW; Williams, R; Winkler, C; Wirman, AP; Wong, S; Woods, CM; Wu, B; Wu, C; Wu, F; Wu, P; Wu, S; Wu, Y; Wu, YN; Wu, ZH; Wurtzel, JGT; Xia, L; Xia, Z; Xia, ZZ; Xiao, H; Xie, C; Xin, ZM; Xing, Y; Xing, Z; Xu, S; Xu, SB; Xu, T; Xu, X; Xu, Y; Xue, L; Xun, J; Yaffe, MB; Yalew, A; Yamamoto, S; Yan, D; Yan, H; Yan, S; Yan, X; Yang, AD; Yang, E; Yang, H; Yang, J; Yang, JL; Yang, K; Yang, M; Yang, P; Yang, Q; Yang, S; Yang, W; Yang, X; Yang, Y; Yao, JC; Yao, WL; Yao, Y; Yaqub, TB; Ye, J; Ye, W; Yen, CW; Yeter, HH; Yin, C; Yip, V; Yong-Yi, J; Yu, HJ; Yu, MF; Yu, S; Yu, W; Yu, WW; Yu, X; Yuan, P; Yuan, Q; Yue, XY; Zaia, AA; Zakhary, SY; Zalwango, F; Zamalloa, A; Zamparo, P; Zampini, IC; Zani, JL; Zeitoun, R; Zeng, N; Zenteno, JC; Zepeda-Palacio, C; Zhai, C; Zhang, B; Zhang, G; Zhang, J; Zhang, K; Zhang, Q; Zhang, R; Zhang, T; Zhang, X; Zhang, Y; Zhang, YY; Zhao, B; Zhao, D; Zhao, G; Zhao, H; Zhao, Q; Zhao, R; Zhao, S; Zhao, T; Zhao, X; Zhao, XA; Zhao, Y; Zhao, Z; Zheng, Z; Zhi-Min, G; Zhou, CL; Zhou, HD; Zhou, J; Zhou, W; Zhou, XQ; Zhou, Z; Zhu, C; Zhu, H; Zhu, L; Zhu, Y; Zitzmann, N; Zou, L; Zou, Y | 1 |
| Gadgil, MD; Herrington, DM; Kanaya, AM; Kandula, NR; Lewis, MR; Sands, C | 1 |
| Corpas, FJ; Iqbal, N; Khan, NA; Umar, S | 1 |
| Ferdosi, MFH; Habib, S; Khan, KA; Shoaib, A | 1 |
| Fayyaz, M; Gul, A; Jamil, M; Jan, SU; Rehman, M; Rehman, SU | 1 |
| Brestic, M; Chen, X; Li, C; Li, D; Liu, Y; Yang, X; Yu, S; Zhang, T; Zhang, W; Zhou, F | 1 |
| Bello-Bello, JJ; Cruz-Cruz, CA; Martínez-Santos, E; Spinoso-Castillo, JL | 1 |
| Jiji, J; Juby, B; Minimol, JS; Panchami, PS; Santhoshkumar, AV; Suma, B | 1 |
| Barthels, S; Bartram, W; Borrero-de Acuña, JM; Bremer, E; Derksen, E; Hoffmann, T; Jahn, D; Michel, AM; Molinari, G; Neumann-Schaal, M; Rohde, M; Schrader, M; Ünal, CM; Will, S; Zhang, H | 1 |
| Li, ZG; Qiu, XM; Sun, YY; Wang, JQ; Xiang, RH | 1 |
| Devi, S; Goyal, V; Jangra, M; Kumar, N; Mehrotra, S | 1 |
| Prasad, SK; Sarkar, SK; Sharma, NL; Singh, CK; Singh, D; Singh, I | 1 |
| Ahmad, P; Akram, NA; Ashraf, M; El-Sheikh, MA; Jabeen, M; Tyagi, A | 1 |
| Campos, CNS; Cazetta, JO; de M Prado, R; de Souza Júnior, JP; Gratão, PL; Oliveira, KR; Sousa Junior, GS | 1 |
| Dai, T; Liu, Y; Wang, J; Wang, Q; Zhang, Y; Zhu, W | 1 |
| Modarres-Sanavy, SAM; Smith, DL; Yaghoubian, I | 1 |
| Ahmad, S; Ahmed, N; Atif, RM; Khalid, M; Lam, HM; Nawaz, S; Rana, IA; Rehman, HM; Saleem, F; Uzair, M; Zaman, QU | 1 |
| Čapelja, E; Flors, V; Kebert, M; Kesić, L; Kostić, S; Markić, AG; Stojnić, S; Zorić, M | 1 |
| Lang, D; Li, Y; Peng, X; Wang, Q; Zhang, W; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Ferreira, ACS; Marinho, RKM; Monteiro, GGTN; Okumura, RS; Oliveira Neto, CF; Oliveira, SCF; Souza, EFL; Souza, LC | 1 |
9 review(s) available for betaine and proline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
[Salinity tolerance and functions of compatible solubles].
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Dexamethasone; Osmotic Pressure; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plants; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Sugar Alcohols | 1999 |
[Gene engineering of salt tolerance in higher plants].
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Genetic Engineering; Heat-Shock Proteins; Osmotic Pressure; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Sugar Alcohols; Transcription Factors; Trehalose | 1999 |
Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Choline; Fructans; Genetic Engineering; Glycine; Mannitol; Oxidative Stress; Plants; Plants, Genetically Modified; Proline; Sorbitol; Stress, Mechanical; Trehalose | 2002 |
BetP of Corynebacterium glutamicum, a transporter with three different functions: betaine transport, osmosensing, and osmoregulation.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Symporters; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Mechanisms of high salinity tolerance in plants.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Betaine; Calcium Signaling; DEAD-box RNA Helicases; Ion Pumps; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Osmotic Pressure; Plants; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sodium Chloride; SOS Response, Genetics; Transcription, Genetic | 2007 |
Compatible solute biosynthesis in cyanobacteria.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Cyanobacteria; Glucosides; Proline; Salt Tolerance; Sucrose; Trehalose | 2011 |
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; Melatonin; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Meniscectomy; Menisci, Tibial; Mephenytoin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metal Nanoparticles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Video; Microtubules; Microvascular Density; Microwaves; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Morus; Mouth Floor; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Naphthols; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Neisseria meningitidis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neural Stem Cells; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; New York; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Nitriles; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; North America; Observer Variation; Occupational Exposure; Ochrobactrum; Oils, Volatile; Olea; Oligosaccharides; Omeprazole; Open Field Test; Optimism; Oregon; Oryzias; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxadiazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Ozone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pakistan; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient-Centered Care; Pelargonium; Peptides; Perception; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Peroxides; Pets; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phylogeny; Phytoestrogens; Pilot Projects; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea | 2022 |
Crosstalk between abscisic acid and nitric oxide under heat stress: exploring new vantage points.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Adaptation, Physiological; Antioxidants; Betaine; Enzymes; Heat-Shock Response; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen Sulfide; Nitric Oxide; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Plant Proteins; Proline; Signal Transduction | 2021 |
Using Exogenous Melatonin, Glutathione, Proline, and Glycine Betaine Treatments to Combat Abiotic Stresses in Crops.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Glutathione; Melatonin; Proline; Stress, Physiological | 2022 |
3 trial(s) available for betaine and proline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Effects of orange juice and proline betaine on glycine betaine and homocysteine in healthy male subjects.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adolescent; Adult; Area Under Curve; Betaine; Beverages; Citrus sinensis; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Homocysteine; Humans; Intestinal Absorption; Kinetics; Male; Middle Aged; Proline | 2007 |
Quantitative assessment of betainized compounds and associations with dietary and metabolic biomarkers in the randomized study of the healthy Nordic diet (SYSDIET).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Diet; Dietary Fiber; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Pipecolic Acids; Proline; Whole Grains | 2019 |
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; Melatonin; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Meniscectomy; Menisci, Tibial; Mephenytoin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metal Nanoparticles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Video; Microtubules; Microvascular Density; Microwaves; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Morus; Mouth Floor; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Naphthols; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Neisseria meningitidis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neural Stem Cells; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; New York; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Nitriles; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; North America; Observer Variation; Occupational Exposure; Ochrobactrum; Oils, Volatile; Olea; Oligosaccharides; Omeprazole; Open Field Test; Optimism; Oregon; Oryzias; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxadiazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Ozone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pakistan; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient-Centered Care; Pelargonium; Peptides; Perception; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Peroxides; Pets; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phylogeny; Phytoestrogens; Pilot Projects; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea | 2022 |
222 other study(ies) available for betaine and proline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship analyses of substrates of the human proton-coupled amino acid transporter 1 (hPAT1).
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Caco-2 Cells; Endocytosis; Humans; Kinetics; Models, Chemical; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Quantitative Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Symporters | 2011 |
The effects of sodium arsenate on the free amino acid levels in erythrocytes and plasma in rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Arsenates; Arsenic; Aspartic Acid; Betaine; Circadian Rhythm; Erythrocytes; Female; Glutamine; Glycine; Hydroxyproline; Isoleucine; Leucine; Male; Ornithine; Proline; Rats; Serine; Sex Factors; Starvation; Taurine; Valine | 1979 |
An assessment of quaternary ammonium and related compounds as osmotic effectors in crop plants.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Glycine; Osmotic Pressure; Plants, Edible; Proline; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Sodium | 1979 |
Modulation by betaine of cellular responses to osmotic stress.
Topics: 3T3 Cells; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Cell Line, Transformed; Glycerol; Hypertonic Solutions; Kinetics; Mice; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Biosynthesis; Simian virus 40; Taurine | 1992 |
[Survival of Salmonella paratyphi B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in seawater after incubation or washing in the presence of osmolytes].
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella paratyphi B; Seawater; Water Microbiology | 1992 |
Induction of melanin biosynthesis in Vibrio cholerae.
Topics: Betaine; Culture Media; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Melanins; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Temperature; Vibrio cholerae | 1992 |
Effect of sodium chloride on the intracellular solute pools of Listeria monocytogenes.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Betaine; Glycine; Intracellular Fluid; Listeria monocytogenes; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Sodium Chloride | 1992 |
Glycine betaine transport by Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for two transport systems and for their possible roles in osmoregulation.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Chloromercuribenzoates; Glucose; Kinetics; Osmotic Pressure; p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid; Proline; Staphylococcus aureus; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1992 |
Origins of the osmoprotective properties of betaine and proline in Escherichia coli K-12.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Choline; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Models, Biological; Morpholines; Osmosis; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Trehalose | 1992 |
Staphylococcus aureus osmoregulation: roles for choline, glycine betaine, proline, and taurine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Choline; Potassium; Proline; Staphylococcus aureus; Taurine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1992 |
Rationalization of the effects of compatible solutes on protein stability in terms of thermodynamic nonideality.
Topics: Betaine; Drug Stability; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Mathematics; Models, Theoretical; Proline; Protein Conformation; Ribonucleases; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Thermodynamics | 1992 |
Identification of two proline transport systems in Staphylococcus aureus and their possible roles in osmoregulation.
Topics: Betaine; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Kinetics; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus aureus; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1992 |
Escherichia coli accumulates the eukaryotic osmolyte taurine at high osmolarity.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Proline; Sulfates; Taurine | 1991 |
The effect of hydration stress solutes on the phase behavior of hydrated dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine.
Topics: 1,2-Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine; Amines; Betaine; Calorimetry; Glycine; Hydroxyproline; Proline; Solutions; Temperature; Thermodynamics; Trehalose; Water | 1991 |
The effects of osmotic upshock on the intracellular solute pools of Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Betaine; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Sodium Chloride | 1990 |
Uptake of glycine betaine and its analogues by bacteroids of Rhizobium meliloti.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Medicago sativa; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen Consumption; Proline; Rhizobium; Sodium Chloride | 1990 |
Insertion proQ220::Tn5 alters regulation of proline porter II, a transporter of proline and glycine betaine in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Alleles; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Betaine; Biological Transport; DNA Transposable Elements; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mutation; Phenotype; Proline; Transcription, Genetic | 1989 |
Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli: complementation analysis and gene-protein relationships in the proU locus.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Operon; Proline; Restriction Mapping; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1989 |
Energy coupling to periplasmic binding protein-dependent transport systems: stoichiometry of ATP hydrolysis during transport in vivo.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Chemotactic Factors; Chemotaxis; Energy Metabolism; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genotype; Glycine; Hydrolysis; Maltose; Maltose-Binding Proteins; Monosaccharide Transport Proteins; Mutation; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Proline | 1989 |
Rapid response to osmotic upshift by osmoregulated genes in Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium.
Topics: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Bacterial; Glycine; Osmolar Concentration; Porins; Proline; Salmonella typhimurium; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1988 |
Osmoregulation in Escherichia coli by accumulation of organic osmolytes: betaines, glutamic acid, and trehalose.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Carnitine; Culture Media; Disaccharides; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Trehalose; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1987 |
Regulation of envelope protein composition during adaptation to osmotic stress in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Escherichia coli; Molecular Weight; Porins; Proline; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1986 |
Purification and characterization of a glycine betaine binding protein from Escherichia coli.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Weight; Osmolar Concentration; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Plasmids; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Subcellular Fractions | 1987 |
Osmoprotective activity for Escherichia coli in mammalian renal inner medulla and urine. Correlation of glycine and proline betaines and sorbitol with response to osmotic loads.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Diuresis; Dogs; Escherichia coli; Fasting; Kidney Medulla; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Swine; Urine; Water Deprivation | 1987 |
Osmotic regulation of transcription: induction of the proU betaine transport gene is dependent on accumulation of intracellular potassium.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Bacterial; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Salmonella typhimurium; Transcription, Genetic | 1986 |
Molecular cloning of an osmoregulatory locus in Escherichia coli: increased proU gene dosage results in enhanced osmotolerance.
Topics: Betaine; Cloning, Molecular; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Osmotic Pressure; Plasmids; Proline | 1986 |
Isolation of glycine betaine and proline betaine from human urine. Assessment of their role as osmoprotective agents for bacteria and the kidney.
Topics: Betaine; Chromatography, Gel; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Escherichia coli; Humans; Kidney; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sodium Chloride | 1987 |
Salmonella typhimurium proP gene encodes a transport system for the osmoprotectant betaine.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Gene Expression Regulation; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Salmonella typhimurium; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 1985 |
Osmoregulation of gene expression in Salmonella typhimurium: proU encodes an osmotically induced betaine transport system.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Chromosome Mapping; Gene Expression Regulation; Kinetics; Proline; Salmonella typhimurium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1985 |
The osmoprotective properties of urine for bacteria: the protective effect of betaine and human urine against low pH and high concentrations of electrolytes, sugars, and urea.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betaine; Carbohydrates; Choline; Culture Media; Electrolytes; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella; Lactams; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Serratia; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Urine | 1985 |
Effects of three stabilizing agents--proline, betaine, and trehalose--on membrane phospholipids.
Topics: Betaine; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Disaccharides; Membrane Lipids; Models, Molecular; Phospholipids; Pressure; Proline; Thermodynamics; Trehalose | 1986 |
[Amino acid levels in the blood serum of patients with chronic colitis].
Topics: Adult; Alanine; Amino Acids; Ammonia; Arginine; Aspartic Acid; Betaine; Chronic Disease; Citrulline; Colitis; Glutamates; Glutamine; Glycine; Histidine; Humans; Middle Aged; Ornithine; Phenylalanine; Proline; Serine; Taurine; Threonine; Tryptophan; Tyrosine; Urea | 1974 |
Transport pathway for glycine betaine in rat kidney cortex in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Dinitrophenols; Female; Glycine; Hydroxyproline; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Lysine; Proline; Rats | 1970 |
Transport pathway for glycine betaine in rabbit kidney in vivo.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Chromatography; Creatinine; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Kidney; Male; Proline; Rabbits | 1970 |
Patterns of neutral amino acid uptake along rat small intestine.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small; Leucine; Male; Methionine; Proline; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical | 1971 |
The development of structure and transport systems of the fetal rabbit intestine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Chromatography, Paper; Fetus; Glycosides; In Vitro Techniques; Intestine, Small; Lysine; Methionine; Microscopy, Electron; Proline; Rabbits; Valine | 1965 |
Amino acid transport by the small intestine of the rat. The existence and specificity of the transport mechanism of imino acids and its relation to the transport of glycine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Glycine; Hydroxyproline; In Vitro Techniques; Intestine, Small; Proline; Rats; Threonine | 1966 |
Development of structure and function in the mammalian yolk sac. 3. The development of amino acid transport by rabbit yolk sac.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Female; Fetus; Glycine; Glycosides; In Vitro Techniques; Inulin; Isoleucine; Lysine; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methionine; Phenylalanine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Proline; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rabbits; Valine | 1966 |
Osmoregulation in Klebsiella pneumoniae: enhancement of anaerobic growth and nitrogen fixation under stress by proline betaine, gamma-butyrobetaine, and other related compounds.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Humans; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Nitrogen Fixation; Nitrogenase; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Stimulation, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
Characterization of a chimeric proU operon in a subtilin-producing mutant of Bacillus subtilis 168.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Bacteriocins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Escherichia coli; Molecular Sequence Data; Open Reading Frames; Operon; Osmotic Pressure; Peptides; Proline; Recombination, Genetic; Sequence Deletion; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1995 |
The ftsH gene of Bacillus subtilis is transiently induced after osmotic and temperature upshift.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Cell Division; Enzyme Induction; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Reporter; Hot Temperature; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Antisense; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Transcription, Genetic; Trehalose | 1995 |
Proline betaine is a highly effective osmoprotectant for Staphylococcus aureus.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus; Staphylococcus aureus; Staphylococcus epidermidis | 1995 |
Glycine betaine transport by Staphylococcus aureus: evidence for feedback regulation of the activity of the two transport systems.
Topics: Azetidinecarboxylic Acid; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Feedback; Mutation; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Staphylococcus aureus | 1994 |
Isolation and characterization of adenylate kinase (adk) mutations in Salmonella typhimurium which block the ability of glycine betaine to function as an osmoprotectant.
Topics: Adenylate Kinase; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Betaine; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Salmonella typhimurium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1995 |
The osmoprotectant proline betaine is a major substrate for the binding-protein-dependent transport system ProU of Escherichia coli K-12.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Deletion; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Protein Binding; Symporters | 1995 |
The accumulation of glutamate is necessary for optimal growth of Salmonella typhimurium in media of high osmolality but not induction of the proU operon.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glutamate Synthase; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Mutation; Operon; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Biosynthesis; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Salmonella typhimurium; Transcription, Genetic | 1994 |
Transport of glycine-betaine by Listeria monocytogenes.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Electrochemistry; Kinetics; Listeria monocytogenes; Membrane Potentials; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sodium Chloride | 1994 |
Two different Escherichia coli proP promoters respond to osmotic and growth phase signals.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; DNA Mutational Analysis; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Deletion; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sigma Factor; Signal Transduction; Transcription, Genetic | 1995 |
Effect of exogenous proline, betaine, and carnitine on growth of Listeria monocytogenes in a minimal medium.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Carnitine; Culture Media; Food Microbiology; Listeria monocytogenes; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Saline Solution, Hypertonic; Temperature | 1994 |
Effects of particulate materials and osmoprotectants on very-high-gravity ethanolic fermentation by Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Topics: Betaine; Culture Media; Ethanol; Fermentation; Glucose; Glycine; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Solubility | 1994 |
Glycine betaine and proline betaine in human blood and urine.
Topics: Adolescent; Animals; Betaine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Proline; Rabbits; Reference Values | 1994 |
Osmoprotective compounds in the Plumbaginaceae: a natural experiment in metabolic engineering of stress tolerance.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Blotting, Western; Escherichia coli; Mass Spectrometry; Plant Physiological Phenomena; Proline; Salmonella typhimurium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1994 |
Betaine transport in rabbit renal brush-border membrane vesicles.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Glycine; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Membrane Potentials; Microvilli; Models, Biological; Proline; Rabbits; Time Factors | 1993 |
Characteristics and osmoregulatory roles of uptake systems for proline and glycine betaine in Lactococcus lactis.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Culture Media; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Lactococcus lactis; Mutation; Potassium Chloride; Proline; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1993 |
Identification of a high-affinity glycine betaine transport system in Staphylococcus aureus.
Topics: Betaine; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport, Active; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus aureus | 1993 |
Effect of novel compound, 1-methyl-1-piperidino methane sulfonate (MPMS), on the osmoprotectant activity of glycine betaine, choline and L-proline in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Azetidinecarboxylic Acid; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Escherichia coli; Mesylates; Piperidines; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1993 |
Molecular characterization of four pharmacologically distinct gamma-aminobutyric acid transporters in mouse brain [corrected].
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; beta-Alanine; Betaine; Biological Transport; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Carrier Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; DNA; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Nipecotic Acids; Oocytes; Organ Specificity; Organic Anion Transporters; Proline; RNA, Messenger; Taurine; Xenopus | 1993 |
Isolation and sequencing of Escherichia coli gene proP reveals unusual structural features of the osmoregulatory proline/betaine transporter, ProP.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Molecular Sequence Data; Proline; Protein Structure, Secondary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters | 1993 |
Effects of betaines and urine on the antibacterial activity of aminoglycosides.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betaine; Culture Media; Drug Interactions; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Escherichia coli; Gentamicins; Glucose Solution, Hypertonic; Humans; Hypertonic Solutions; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Polymers; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Urea | 1993 |
Characterization of the Erwinia chrysanthemi osmoprotectant transporter gene ousA.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids, Diamino; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; Culture Media; Dickeya chrysanthemi; DNA-Binding Proteins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Glucuronidase; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Nuclear Proteins; Osmolar Concentration; Pipecolic Acids; Proline; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sigma Factor; Symporters | 1996 |
Osmotic regulation of intracellular solute pools in Lactobacillus plantarum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Biological Transport; Glycine; Lactobacillus; Potassium; Proline; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1996 |
Improvement of motility and fertilization potential of postthaw human sperm using glutamine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cricetinae; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Evaluation Studies as Topic; Female; Fertilization in Vitro; Glutamine; Glycerol; Histidine; Humans; In Vitro Techniques; Male; Mesocricetus; Proline; Solutions; Sperm Motility; Sperm-Ovum Interactions; Spermatozoa | 1996 |
Sensitivity of Escherichia coli to proline analogues during osmotic stress and anaerobiosis.
Topics: Anaerobiosis; Azetidinecarboxylic Acid; Betaine; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Drug Stability; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Thiazoles; Thiazolidines; Urinary Tract Infections | 1996 |
Use of immobilized bacteria to treat industrial wastewater containing a chlorinated pyridinol.
Topics: Betaine; Biodegradation, Environmental; Bioreactors; Industrial Waste; Proline; Pseudomonas; Pyridones; Waste Disposal, Fluid; Water Pollutants, Chemical | 1997 |
Characterization of an NaCl-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus mutant and rescue of the NaCl-sensitive phenotype by glycine betaine but not by other compatible solutes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Blotting, Southern; Choline; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Lac Operon; Microscopy, Electron; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus aureus | 1997 |
Accumulation of natural and synthetic betaines by a mammalian renal cell line.
Topics: Animals; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Bacteria; Betaine; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Cations; Cell Line; Dogs; Drug Design; Epithelium; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Hypertonic Solutions; Intracellular Fluid; Kidney Medulla; Molecular Structure; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Species Specificity | 1996 |
DNA helix destabilization by proline and betaine: possible role in the salinity tolerance process.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Bacteriophage lambda; Betaine; Cattle; Deoxyribonuclease I; DNA; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Viral; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Spermine | 1997 |
Isolation of the putP gene of Corynebacterium glutamicum and characterization of a low-affinity uptake system for compatible solutes.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Corynebacterium; Escherichia coli; Gene Deletion; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Genomic Library; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proline; Protein Biosynthesis; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1997 |
Efflux of compatible solutes in Corynebacterium glutamicum mediated by osmoregulated channel activity.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Alanine; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Diamino; Betaine; Corynebacterium; Glutamic Acid; Glycine; Homeostasis; Hypotonic Solutions; Ion Channels; Kinetics; Lysine; Membrane Potentials; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium; Proline; Sodium | 1997 |
Visual and chemical release of feeding behavior in adult rainbow trout.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Arginine; Betaine; Bites and Stings; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Feeding Behavior; Glycine; Leucine; Movement; Olfactory Pathways; Oncorhynchus mykiss; Photic Stimulation; Proline; Propionates; Reproducibility of Results; Stimulation, Chemical; Swimming; Taste; Valine | 1997 |
Glycine betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Bacillus subtilis: characterization of an enzyme required for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine.
Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Chromatography, Agarose; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Culture Media; Gene Expression; Kinetics; NAD; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Plasmids; Potassium Chloride; Proline; Recombinant Proteins; Recombination, Genetic; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1997 |
Possible link between a 35 kDa membrane protein and osmolyte transport in Staphylococcus aureus.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Membrane Proteins; Molecular Weight; Proline; Staphylococcus aureus; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1998 |
Multiple effects of trehalose on protein folding in vitro and in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Coleoptera; Fluorescence Polarization; Fungal Proteins; Genes, Reporter; Glucose; Glycerol; Heat-Shock Proteins; Luciferases; Maltose; Mannitol; Molecular Chaperones; Proline; Protein Folding; Sorbitol; Sucrose; Temperature; Trehalose; Yeasts | 1998 |
Osmoregulation of the opuE proline transport gene from Bacillus subtilis: contributions of the sigma A- and sigma B-dependent stress-responsive promoters.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Biological Transport; Blotting, Northern; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Lipotropic Agents; Molecular Sequence Data; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Sigma Factor; Transcription, Genetic; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1998 |
Mechanism of osmotic activation of the quaternary ammonium compound transporter (QacT) of Lactobacillus plantarum.
Topics: Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Kinetics; Lactobacillus; Mutation; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1998 |
Corynebacterium glutamicum is equipped with four secondary carriers for compatible solutes: identification, sequencing, and characterization of the proline/ectoine uptake system, ProP, and the ectoine/proline/glycine betaine carrier, EctP.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Corynebacterium; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glycine; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Proline; Symporters; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1998 |
The endogenous choline supply limits glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Kinetics; Nicotiana; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygenases; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Spinacia oleracea | 1998 |
Elevated glycine betaine excretion in diabetes mellitus patients is associated with proximal tubular dysfunction and hyperglycemia.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alkaloids; Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diabetic Nephropathies; Female; Humans; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Male; Middle Aged; Proline | 1999 |
Effect of compatible solutes and diluent composition on the post-thaw motility of ram sperm.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cryopreservation; Egg Yolk; Fertility; Glycerol; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Proline; Sheep; Solutions; Specimen Handling; Sperm Motility; Spermatozoa; Trehalose; Tromethamine | 1998 |
The ion coupling and organic substrate specificities of osmoregulatory transporter ProP in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Potassium; Proline; Symporters; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
Compatibility of osmolytes with Gibbs energy of stabilization of proteins.
Topics: Betaine; Cytochrome c Group; Glycine; Muramidase; Myoglobin; Proline; Protein Denaturation; Proteins; Ribonucleases; Sarcosine; Temperature; Thermodynamics | 2000 |
Reabsorption of betaine in Henle's loops of rat kidney in vivo.
Topics: Absorption; Animals; Betaine; Diuresis; Kidney Tubules, Distal; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Kinetics; Loop of Henle; Male; Proline; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarcosine | 2000 |
Osmoprotectants and cryoprotectants for Listeria monocytogenes.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Betaine; Carnitine; Cold Temperature; Cryoprotective Agents; Culture Media; Food Microbiology; Humans; Listeria monocytogenes; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Sulfonium Compounds | 2000 |
Effects of glutamine, proline, histidine and betaine on post-thaw motility of stallion spermatozoa.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Egg Yolk; Glutamine; Glycerol; Histidine; Horses; Male; Proline; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility | 1999 |
Vapor pressure osmometry studies of osmolyte-protein interactions: implications for the action of osmoprotectants in vivo and for the interpretation of "osmotic stress" experiments in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biopolymers; Cattle; Cell Division; Cytoplasm; Dialysis; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Glycerol; Methylamines; Osmolar Concentration; Pressure; Proline; Serum Albumin; Solutions; Thermodynamics; Trehalose; Water | 2000 |
Characterization of a Snorhizobium meliloti ATP-binding cassette histidine transporter also involved in betaine and proline uptake.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Chromosome Mapping; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Histidine; Molecular Sequence Data; Operon; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Proline; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Symbiosis | 2000 |
Stress responses in two genotypes of mulberry (Morus alba L.) under NaCl salinity.
Topics: Betaine; Biomass; Cell Membrane; Genotype; Malondialdehyde; Proline; Rosales; Sodium Chloride | 2000 |
Purification, crystallization and preliminary crystallographic analysis of the periplasmic binding protein ProX from Escherichia coli.
Topics: Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Proline; Protein Conformation | 2001 |
Molecular cloning and functional characterization of two kinds of betaine-aldehyde dehydrogenase in betaine-accumulating mangrove Avicennia marina (Forsk.) Vierh.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Calcium Chloride; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Stability; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hot Temperature; Isoenzymes; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygenases; Plant Leaves; Plants, Medicinal; Potassium Chloride; Proline; RNA, Messenger; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sodium Chloride; Species Specificity; Spinacia oleracea; Substrate Specificity; Tissue Distribution | 2001 |
Mitochondrial adaptations to NaCl. Complex I is protected by anti-oxidants and small heat shock proteins, whereas complex II is protected by proline and betaine.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Antioxidants; Betaine; Catalase; Electron Transport; Electron Transport Complex I; Electron Transport Complex II; Heat-Shock Proteins; Mitochondria; Multienzyme Complexes; NADH, NADPH Oxidoreductases; Oxidoreductases; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Succinate Dehydrogenase; Superoxide Dismutase; Zea mays | 2001 |
Chemical chaperones regulate molecular chaperones in vitro and in cells under combined salt and heat stresses.
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Chaperonin 60; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Glycerol; Heat-Shock Proteins; Hot Temperature; HSP40 Heat-Shock Proteins; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Malate Dehydrogenase; Molecular Chaperones; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Salts; Trehalose; Urea; Viscosity | 2001 |
Effects of osmoprotectant compounds on NCAM polysialylation under hyperosmotic stress and elevated pCO(2).
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; CHO Cells; Cricetinae; Glycosylation; Lipotropic Agents; Neural Cell Adhesion Molecules; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Sialic Acids | 2002 |
Functional characterization of betaine/proline transporters in betaine-accumulating mangrove.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Cloning, Molecular; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Proline; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Trees | 2002 |
Humectant permeability influences growth and compatible solute uptake by Staphylococcus aureus subjected to osmotic stress.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cryoprotective Agents; Glycerol; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Permeability; Population Density; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus aureus; Sucrose; Water | 2002 |
Salt-tolerant mutants in glycophytic salinity response (GSR) genes in Catharanthus roseus.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alleles; Betaine; Catharanthus; Crosses, Genetic; Genes, Plant; Genotype; Homozygote; Mutagenesis; Mutation; Phenotype; Proline; Seeds; Sodium Chloride | 2003 |
Method enabling firefly luciferase-based bioluminometric assays at elevated temperatures.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biosensing Techniques; Coleoptera; Enzyme Inhibitors; Enzyme Stability; Hot Temperature; Luciferases; Luminescent Measurements; Proline; Sensitivity and Specificity; Trehalose | 2003 |
Potential osmoprotectants for the lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus and Tetragenococcus halophila.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Food Microbiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Pediococcus; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Sulfonium Compounds | 2003 |
Studies on the mechanism of the osmoresistance of spores of Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Culture Media; Glucose; Glutamic Acid; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Denaturation; Sodium Chloride; Spores, Bacterial; Temperature | 2003 |
Cation-pi interactions as determinants for binding of the compatible solutes glycine betaine and proline betaine by the periplasmic ligand-binding protein ProX from Escherichia coli.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biochemistry; Carbon; Cations; Crystallography, X-Ray; Disulfides; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Ligands; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Proline; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Tryptophan | 2004 |
Thermoprotection of Bacillus subtilis by exogenously provided glycine betaine and structurally related compatible solutes: involvement of Opu transporters.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Culture Media; Glutamic Acid; Heat-Shock Response; Hot Temperature; Molecular Sequence Data; Proline | 2004 |
Transgenic tobacco plants accumulating osmolytes show reduced oxidative damage under freezing stress.
Topics: Acclimatization; Betaine; Catalase; Electrolytes; Freezing; Fructans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Malondialdehyde; Nicotiana; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidase; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Proline; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Structural basis for the binding of compatible solutes by ProX from the hyperthermophilic archaeon Archaeoglobus fulgidus.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Archaeal Proteins; Archaeoglobus fulgidus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli Proteins; Hot Temperature; Ligands; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Periplasmic Binding Proteins; Proline; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sequence Alignment | 2004 |
LcoP, an osmoregulated betaine/ectoine uptake system from Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids, Diamino; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Corynebacterium; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; RNA; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol | 2004 |
Is osmotic adjustment required for water stress resistance in the Mediterranean shrub Atriplex halimus L?
Topics: Adaptation, Biological; Atriplex; Betaine; Carbohydrates; Mediterranean Region; Osmosis; Plant Leaves; Proline; Soil; Water | 2004 |
Activity regulation of the betaine transporter BetP of Corynebacterium glutamicum in response to osmotic compensation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Cell Size; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Escherichia coli; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Kinetics; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Effect of osmolytes on the interaction of flavin adenine dinucleotide with muscle glycogen phosphorylase b.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form; Methylamines; Osmolar Concentration; Phosphorylase b; Proline; Protein Binding; Rabbits | 2005 |
The AtProT family. Compatible solute transporters with similar substrate specificity but differential expression patterns.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression; Multigene Family; Nicotiana; Phylogeny; Proline; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Substrate Specificity | 2005 |
Substrate specificity and functional characterisation of the H+/amino acid transporter rat PAT2 (Slc36a2).
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Female; Glycine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Microinjections; Oocytes; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Proline; Protons; Rats; Stereoisomerism; Substrate Specificity; Symporters; Xenopus laevis | 2005 |
[Variation of betaine and proline contents in wheat seedlings under salt stress].
Topics: Betaine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Proline; Seedlings; Sodium Chloride; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Triticum | 2005 |
Regeneration of cryoresistance of in vitro rumen ciliate cultures.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Ciliophora; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Freezing; In Vitro Techniques; Inositol; Insulin; Linoleic Acid; Proline; Rumen; Sheep; Trichostomatida | 2005 |
Modulation of nitrate reductase activity in rice seedlings under aluminium toxicity and water stress: role of osmolytes as enzyme protectant.
Topics: Aluminum; Betaine; Dehydration; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Hydrogen Peroxide; Metals; Nitrate Reductase; Nitrate Reductases; Nitrates; Oryza; Polyethylene Glycols; Proline; Seedlings; Sodium Chloride; Sucrose; Water | 2005 |
Exogenously supplied compatible solutes rapidly ameliorate NaCl-induced potassium efflux from barley roots.
Topics: Betaine; Calcium; Cell Membrane; Homeostasis; Hordeum; Membrane Potentials; Microelectrodes; Oxidative Stress; Plant Roots; Potassium; Potassium Channels; Proline; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Protons; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors | 2005 |
Effect of individual amino acids and glucose on activation and germination of Rhizopus oligosporus sporangiospores in tempe starter.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Arginine; Betaine; Colony Count, Microbial; Culture Media; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Germination; Glucose; Glycine max; Isoleucine; Leucine; Phosphates; Proline; Rhizopus; Spores, Fungal | 2005 |
Influence of osmolytes on inactivation and aggregation of muscle glycogen phosphorylase b by guanidine hydrochloride. Stimulation of protein aggregation under crowding conditions.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycine; Glycogen Phosphorylase, Muscle Form; Guanidine; Kinetics; Methylamines; Muscle, Skeletal; Proline; Rabbits | 2005 |
AtGAT1, a high affinity transporter for gamma-aminobutyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Topics: Animals; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Betaine; Binding, Competitive; Biological Transport; Butylamines; Cell Membrane; Cellular Senescence; Chlorophyll; DNA; Electrophysiology; Escherichia coli; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genetic Complementation Test; Glycine; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Biological; Models, Chemical; Nicotiana; Oocytes; Phylogeny; Proline; Protein Binding; Protein Biosynthesis; Protoplasts; RNA; RNA, Messenger; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Substrate Specificity; Wound Healing; Xenopus | 2006 |
Influence of membrane composition on osmosensing by the betaine carrier BetP from Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Biological Transport; Blotting, Western; Carrier Proteins; Cell Membrane; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Lipids; Liposomes; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Oligonucleotides; Osmosis; Phosphatidylglycerols; Phospholipids; Plasmids; Potassium; Proline; Protein Conformation; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters | 2006 |
Molecular determinants for substrate specificity of the ligand-binding protein OpuAC from Bacillus subtilis for the compatible solutes glycine betaine and proline betaine.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli Proteins; Lipoproteins; Models, Molecular; Molecular Sequence Data; Proline; Protein Binding; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Sequence Alignment; Substrate Specificity | 2006 |
Exogenous proline mitigates the detrimental effects of salt stress more than exogenous betaine by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Free Radical Scavengers; Nicotiana; Proline; Singlet Oxygen; Sodium Chloride | 2007 |
Molecular biology of osmoregulation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Escherichia coli; Genes, Plant; Medicago sativa; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1984 |
Overexpression of BetS, a Sinorhizobium meliloti high-affinity betaine transporter, in bacteroids from Medicago sativa nodules sustains nitrogen fixation during early salt stress adaptation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Medicago sativa; Mutation; Nitrogen Fixation; Phenotype; Proline; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Sodium Chloride; Symbiosis | 2006 |
Proline betaine uptake in Sinorhizobium meliloti: Characterization of Prb, an opp-like ABC transporter regulated by both proline betaine and salinity stress.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Oligopeptides; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sinorhizobium meliloti | 2006 |
Rubber Tree (Hevea brasiliensis Muell. Arg).
Topics: Acetophenones; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Betaine; Blotting, Southern; Breeding; Coculture Techniques; Culture Media; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Engineering; Genome, Plant; Genotype; Glucuronidase; Hevea; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Proline; Transformation, Genetic; Transgenes | 2006 |
The organic osmolytes betaine and proline are transported by a shared system in early preimplantation mouse embryos.
Topics: Alanine; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Blastocyst; Carrier Proteins; Chlorides; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Embryo Culture Techniques; Fallopian Tubes; Female; Kinetics; Mice; Proline; Sarcosine; Sodium; Time Factors; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2007 |
Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase NaCl-induced ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activities, and proline improves salt tolerance more than glycinebetaine in tobacco Bright Yellow-2 suspension-cultured cells.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glutathione; Nicotiana; Plant Proteins; Proline; Protoplasts; Sodium Chloride; Up-Regulation | 2007 |
Purification, reconstitution, and characterization of the CpxRAP envelope stress system of Escherichia coli.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Histidine Kinase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Liposomes; Membrane Proteins; Osmosis; Potassium Chloride; Proline; Protein Denaturation; Protein Folding; Protein Kinases; Signal Transduction; Sodium Chloride | 2007 |
Characterization of compatible solute transporter multiplicity in Corynebacterium glutamicum.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biotechnology; Carrier Proteins; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Genes, Bacterial; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Symporters | 2007 |
Effects of osmolytes on RNA secondary and tertiary structure stabilities and RNA-Mg2+ interactions.
Topics: Base Sequence; Betaine; Cations, Divalent; Ethylene Glycol; Magnesium; Methanol; Methylamines; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Conformation; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; RNA; RNA Stability; Sucrose; Sugar Alcohols; Thermodynamics; Urea | 2007 |
Growth, biochemical modifications and proline metabolism in Helianthus annuus L. as induced by drought stress.
Topics: Betaine; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Dehydration; Disasters; Helianthus; Proline; Random Allocation | 2007 |
Calcium chloride effects on salinity-induced oxidative stress, proline metabolism and indole alkaloid accumulation in Catharanthus roseus.
Topics: Betaine; Calcium Chloride; Catharanthus; Hydrogen Peroxide; Indole Alkaloids; Lipid Peroxidation; Oxidative Stress; Peroxidases; Proline; Sodium Chloride | 2007 |
Effects of osmolytes on protein folding and aggregation in cells.
Topics: Arsenicals; Betaine; Escherichia coli; Fluorescein; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Protein Folding; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Proteins; Receptors, Retinoic Acid; Trehalose | 2007 |
Proline and glycinebetaine enhance antioxidant defense and methylglyoxal detoxification systems and reduce NaCl-induced damage in cultured tobacco cells.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Cytoprotection; Disulfides; Glutathione; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Transferase; Inactivation, Metabolic; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Nicotiana; Oxidation-Reduction; Proline; Protein Carbonylation; Pyruvaldehyde; Sodium Chloride; Sulfhydryl Compounds; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2008 |
Alterations in lipid peroxidation, electrolyte leakage, and proline metabolism in Catharanthus roseus under treatment with triadimefon, a systemic fungicide.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Catharanthus; Electrolytes; Fungicides, Industrial; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipid Peroxidation; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Stems; Proline; Seeds; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Triazoles | 2007 |
Compatible solute accumulation and stress-mitigating effects in barley genotypes contrasting in their salt tolerance.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Genotype; Hordeum; Potassium; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Sodium Chloride; Sugar Alcohols | 2007 |
An inland and a coastal population of the Mediterranean xero-halophyte species Atriplex halimus L. differ in their ability to accumulate proline and glycinebetaine in response to salinity and water stress.
Topics: Atriplex; Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; Malondialdehyde; Osmotic Pressure; Oxidative Stress; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Plant Shoots; Proline; Salinity; Sodium Chloride; Water | 2008 |
Proline and glycinebetaine induce antioxidant defense gene expression and suppress cell death in cultured tobacco cells under salt stress.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Antioxidants; Betaine; Cell Cycle; Cell Death; Cell Nucleus; Cells, Cultured; DNA Fragmentation; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Intracellular Space; Lipid Peroxidation; Nicotiana; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Messenger; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological | 2009 |
Osmoregulation and antioxidant metabolism in drought-stressed Helianthus annuus under triadimefon drenching.
Topics: Amino Acids; Antioxidants; Ascorbate Peroxidases; Betaine; Catalase; Catechol Oxidase; Disasters; Fungicides, Industrial; Helianthus; Peroxidases; Proline; Superoxide Dismutase; Triazoles; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2008 |
Physiological characterization and stress-induced metabolic responses of Dunaliella salina isolated from salt pan.
Topics: Betaine; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyta; DNA, Algal; DNA, Ribosomal; Glycerol; Proline; RNA, Ribosomal, 18S; Seawater; Sodium Chloride | 2008 |
Simultaneous measurement of proline and related compounds in oak leaves by high-performance ligand-exchange chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for environmental stress studies.
Topics: Alkaloids; Betaine; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Droughts; Linear Models; Plant Leaves; Proline; Quercus; Reference Standards; Sensitivity and Specificity; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Stress, Physiological | 2009 |
Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine increase antioxidant enzyme activities and confer tolerance to cadmium stress in cultured tobacco cells.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Cadmium; Catalase; Cells, Cultured; Lipid Peroxidation; Nicotiana; Oxidative Stress; Plant Proteins; Proline; Superoxide Dismutase | 2009 |
Effect of moderate salinity stress treatment on the stimulation of proline uptake and growth in Escherichia coli CSH4 and its mutants under high salinity.
Topics: Betaine; Biotechnology; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Genotype; Microbiological Techniques; Mutation; Potassium; Proline; Salts; Sodium Chloride; Species Specificity; Time Factors | 2009 |
Abscisic acid has contrasting effects on salt excretion and polyamine concentrations of an inland and a coastal population of the Mediterranean xero-halophyte species Atriplex halimus.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Atriplex; Betaine; Biogenic Polyamines; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plant Shoots; Proline; Putrescine; Pyridones; Salt Tolerance; Sodium Chloride; Spermidine; Spermine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2009 |
Exogenous proline and glycinebetaine suppress apoplastic flow to reduce Na(+) uptake in rice seedlings.
Topics: Apoptosis; Betaine; Oryza; Plant Leaves; Proline; Sodium; Stress, Physiological | 2009 |
Proline and glycinebetaine confer cadmium tolerance on tobacco bright yellow-2 cells by increasing ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzyme activities.
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Betaine; Cadmium; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Glutathione; Glutathione Transferase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Intracellular Space; Nicotiana; Proline; Stress, Physiological | 2009 |
Proline and glycinebetaine ameliorated NaCl stress via scavenging of hydrogen peroxide and methylglyoxal but not superoxide or nitric oxide in tobacco cultured cells.
Topics: Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Free Radical Scavengers; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hydrogen Peroxide; Intracellular Space; Nicotiana; Nitric Oxide; Proline; Pyruvaldehyde; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological; Superoxides; Time Factors | 2010 |
Mutational and transcriptional analyses of the Staphylococcus aureus low-affinity proline transporter OpuD during in vitro growth and infection of murine tissues.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Animals; Betaine; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Mutational Analysis; Gene Expression Profiling; Mice; Mutant Proteins; Mutation, Missense; Proline; Rodent Diseases; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Transcription, Genetic; Urinary Tract; Urinary Tract Infections | 2011 |
Protection of Bacillus subtilis against cold stress via compatible-solute acquisition.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cold Temperature; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Stress, Physiological; Time Factors; Up-Regulation | 2011 |
Natural osmolytes remodel the aggregation pathway of mutant huntingtin exon 1.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Products; Exons; Methylamines; Mutant Proteins; Mutation; Nerve Tissue Proteins; Osmosis; Peptides; Proline; Protein Multimerization; Protein Structure, Quaternary; Solubility | 2011 |
A role for proline synthesis and transport in Listeria monocytogenes barotolerance.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Culture Media; Food Handling; Food Microbiology; Food Safety; Listeria monocytogenes; Microbial Viability; Pressure; Proline; Sequence Deletion | 2011 |
Transformation of tomato with a bacterial codA gene enhances tolerance to salt and water stresses.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Chlorophyll; Droughts; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Bacterial; Germination; Plant Leaves; Plants, Genetically Modified; Proline; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Seeds; Sodium Chloride; Solanum lycopersicum; Stress, Physiological; Transgenes; Water | 2011 |
Isolation and characterization of proline/betaine transporter gene from oil palm.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Arecaceae; Base Sequence; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; DNA, Plant; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Plant; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological | 2011 |
Expression and substrate specificity of betaine/proline transporters suggest a novel choline transport mechanism in sugar beet.
Topics: Amaranthus; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Arabidopsis; Atriplex; Base Sequence; Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carrier Proteins; Choline; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phloem; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Proline; Proton Ionophores; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Substrate Specificity; Xylem | 2011 |
Determination of betaines in vegetable oils by capillary electrophoresis tandem mass spectrometry--application to the detection of olive oil adulteration with seed oils.
Topics: Alkaloids; Betaine; Carnitine; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Linear Models; Olive Oil; Plant Oils; Proline; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2011 |
Arg149 is involved in switching the low affinity, open state of the binding protein AfProX into its high affinity, closed state.
Topics: Allosteric Regulation; Archaeoglobus fulgidus; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; DNA Mutational Analysis; Models, Molecular; Molecular Dynamics Simulation; Proline; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation | 2011 |
Osmolyte effects on protein stability and solubility: a balancing act between backbone and side-chains.
Topics: Betaine; Glycerol; Models, Biological; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Stability; Proteins; Solubility; Urea | 2011 |
Pattern of solutes accumulated during leaf osmotic adjustment as related to duration of water deficit for wheat at the reproductive stage.
Topics: Betaine; Chlorides; Dehydration; Fructose; Glucose; Osmosis; Plant Leaves; Plant Transpiration; Potassium; Proline; Reproduction; Sodium; Soil; Sucrose; Triticum; Water | 2011 |
Betaines in fruits of Citrus genus plants.
Topics: Betaine; Beverages; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Citrus; Fruit; Proline; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2011 |
Biochemical effect of carbaryl on oxidative stress, antioxidant enzymes and osmolytes of cyanobacterium Calothrix brevissima.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbate Peroxidases; Betaine; Carbaryl; Carbohydrates; Carotenoids; Catalase; Chlorophyll; Cyanobacteria; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Environmental Monitoring; Environmental Pollutants; Free Radicals; Insecticides; Lipid Peroxidation; Malondialdehyde; Oxidative Stress; Phycobilins; Proline; Superoxide Dismutase | 2011 |
Understanding UV-driven metabolism in the hypersaline ciliate Fabrea salina.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Betaine; Cell Membrane; Ciliophora; Glycine; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Proline; Sucrose; Time Factors; Trehalose; Ultraviolet Rays | 2012 |
Occurrence of pipecolic acid and pipecolic acid betaine (homostachydrine) in Citrus genus plants.
Topics: Betaine; Citrus; Pipecolic Acids; Plant Extracts; Proline | 2012 |
Improved tolerance to various abiotic stresses in transgenic sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) expressing spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Topics: Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Cold Temperature; Ipomoea batatas; Oxidative Stress; Plants, Genetically Modified; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Spinacia oleracea; Stress, Physiological; Transformation, Genetic | 2012 |
Identification of isethionic acid and other small molecule metabolites of Fragilariopsis cylindrus with nuclear magnetic resonance.
Topics: Betaine; Cold Climate; Culture Media; Diatoms; Isethionic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Picolinic Acids; Principal Component Analysis; Proline; Sulfonium Compounds | 2012 |
Effect of Azotobacter vinelandii and compatible solutes on germination wheat seeds and root concentrations of sodium and potassium under salt stress.
Topics: Azotobacter vinelandii; Bacteria; Betaine; Germination; Indoleacetic Acids; Plant Roots; Potassium; Proline; Salinity; Seeds; Sodium; Sodium Chloride; Triticum; Water | 2012 |
Effects of exogenous proline and glycinebetaine on the salt tolerance of rice cultivars.
Topics: Betaine; Cations, Monovalent; Ion Transport; Oryza; Plant Growth Regulators; Plant Leaves; Potassium; Proline; Pyrenes; Salinity; Salt Tolerance; Seeds; Sodium; Species Specificity; Sulfonic Acids | 2012 |
Osmotic control of opuA expression in Bacillus subtilis and its modulation in response to intracellular glycine betaine and proline pools.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Multigene Family; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Plasmids; Proline; Sodium Chloride | 2013 |
Surface electric charge of thylakoid membranes from genetically modified tobacco plants under freezing stress.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Betaine; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Freezing; Fructans; Light; Nicotiana; Plants, Genetically Modified; Proline; Stress, Physiological; Thylakoids | 2013 |
Metabolic profiling of plasma from sows before parturition and during lactation using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Lactation; Lipids; Mass Spectrometry; Parturition; Pregnancy; Principal Component Analysis; Proline; Swine; Ureohydrolases | 2012 |
Quantifying additive interactions of the osmolyte proline with individual functional groups of proteins: comparisons with urea and glycine betaine, interpretation of m-values.
Topics: Betaine; Models, Chemical; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Solubility; Urea | 2013 |
Optimization of pullulanase production in Escherichia coli by regulation of process conditions and supplement with natural osmolytes.
Topics: Betaine; Biomass; Bioreactors; Culture Media; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzymes; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glycerol; Glycoside Hydrolases; Industrial Microbiology; Isopropyl Thiogalactoside; Proline; Solubility; Temperature; Time Factors | 2013 |
Osmolyte effects on the self-association of concanavalin A: testing theoretical models.
Topics: Betaine; Circular Dichroism; Concanavalin A; Dimerization; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Methylamines; Models, Molecular; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs; Protein Stability; Sarcosine; Secondary Metabolism; Sorbitol; Sucrose; Thermodynamics; Titrimetry; Trehalose; Urea | 2013 |
Thermodynamic analysis of osmolyte effect on thermal stability of ribonuclease A in terms of water activity.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Enzyme Stability; Glycine; Inositol; Methylamines; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Unfolding; Ribonuclease, Pancreatic; Sarcosine; Taurine; Thermodynamics; Water | 2014 |
Diplodiatoxin, chaetoglobosins, and diplonine associated with a field outbreak of Stenocarpella ear rot in Illinois.
Topics: Ascomycota; Betaine; Chromones; Cyclopropanes; Disease Outbreaks; Edible Grain; Illinois; Indole Alkaloids; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mycotoxins; Plant Diseases; Proline; Zea mays | 2014 |
Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties adopt strongly contrasting strategies in response to drought.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Carbon; Chlorophyll; Droughts; Fluorescence; Nitrogen; Photosynthesis; Photosystem I Protein Complex; Plant Proteins; Plant Stomata; Proline; Sorghum; Water | 2014 |
Increased amino acids levels and the risk of developing of hypertriglyceridemia in a 7-year follow-up.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Arginine; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Fasting; Female; Humans; Hypertriglyceridemia; Isoleucine; Leucine; Male; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Phenylalanine; Proline; Risk Factors; ROC Curve; Triglycerides; Valine | 2014 |
Analysis of strains lacking known osmolyte accumulation mechanisms reveals contributions of osmolytes and transporters to protection against abiotic stress.
Topics: Betaine; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Methylamines; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological; Sulfonium Compounds; Temperature; Urea | 2014 |
Exogenous proline and glycine betaine mediated upregulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems provides better protection against salt-induced oxidative stress in two rice (Oryza sativa L.) varieties.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipid Peroxidation; Oryza; Oxidative Stress; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Salt Tolerance; Seedlings; Sodium Chloride; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2014 |
Evaluation of potential cationic probes for the detection of proline and betaine.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Cations; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Plant Extracts; Proline; Spinacia oleracea; Sulfanilamide; Sulfanilamides | 2014 |
Refolding additive, dimethylbenzylammonium propane sulfonate (NDSB- 256), accelerates gly-pro cis-trans isomerization.
Topics: Arginine; Betaine; Imidazoles; Isomerism; Models, Chemical; Molecular Weight; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Peptides; Proline; Protein Refolding | 2014 |
Role of sigB and osmolytes in desiccation survival of Listeria monocytogenes in simulated food soils on the surface of food grade stainless steel.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carnitine; Desiccation; Food Additives; Food Handling; Listeria monocytogenes; Microbial Viability; Models, Biological; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sigma Factor; Sodium Chloride; Stainless Steel | 2015 |
Partial repair of salinity-induced damage to sprouting sugarcane buds by proline and glycinebetaine pretreatment.
Topics: Betaine; Calcium; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Leaves; Potassium; Proline; Saccharum; Salinity; Salt Tolerance; Sodium; Stress, Physiological | 2016 |
Synergistic effect of antioxidant system and osmolyte in hydrogen sulfide and salicylic acid crosstalk-induced heat tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) seedlings.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Antioxidants; Betaine; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen Sulfide; Models, Biological; Proline; Salicylic Acid; Seedlings; Trehalose; Zea mays | 2015 |
Betaines and related ammonium compounds in chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.).
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Betaine; Eleocharis; Nuts; Proline | 2016 |
Inhibition of insulin fibrillation by osmolytes: Mechanistic insights.
Topics: Amyloid; Betaine; Calorimetry; Insulin; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Aggregation, Pathological; Protein Binding; Sorbitol | 2015 |
Growth and antioxidant production of Spirulina in different NaCl concentrations.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Peroxidase; Phycocyanin; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Spirulina; Superoxide Dismutase | 2016 |
Cloning and characterization of a novel betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase gene from Suaeda corniculata.
Topics: Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Chenopodiaceae; Cloning, Molecular; Droughts; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Glycine; Plant Proteins; Proline; Salinity; Stress, Physiological; Superoxide Dismutase | 2016 |
High-Throughput Quantitation of Proline Betaine in Foods and Suitability as a Valid Biomarker for Citrus Consumption.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Beverages; Biomarkers; Citrus; Female; Fruit; High-Throughput Screening Assays; Humans; Male; Proline; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2017 |
Biochemical response of hybrid black poplar tissue culture (Populus × canadensis) on water stress.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Biomarkers; Catalase; Catechol Oxidase; Cell Survival; Dehydration; Enzyme Assays; Enzymes; Glutathione; Glutathione Reductase; Hydrogen Peroxide; Lipid Peroxidation; Nitric Oxide; Osmotic Pressure; Oxidative Stress; Oxidoreductases; Peroxidases; Peroxynitrous Acid; Phenol; Plant Extracts; Plant Leaves; Populus; Proline; Reactive Nitrogen Species; Reactive Oxygen Species; Superoxide Dismutase; Tissue Culture Techniques; Water | 2017 |
Influence of partial or total replacement of glycerol by alternative cryoprotectants in Ghent freezing extender on post-thaw sperm quality in stallions.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chromatin; Cryopreservation; Cryoprotective Agents; Freezing; Glucose; Glycerol; Horses; Male; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Proline; Semen Analysis; Semen Preservation; Sperm Motility; Trehalose; Urea | 2017 |
Selenium mitigates cadmium-induced oxidative stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants by modulating chlorophyll fluorescence, osmolyte accumulation, and antioxidant system.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Biomass; Cadmium; Chlorophyll; Electrolytes; Fluorescence; Gases; Hydrogen Peroxide; Malondialdehyde; Minerals; Osmosis; Oxidative Stress; Proline; Seedlings; Selenium; Solanum lycopersicum; Water | 2018 |
Interactive effect of 24-epibrassinolide and silicon alleviates cadmium stress via the modulation of antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems and macronutrient content in Pisum sativum L. seedlings.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Brassinosteroids; Cadmium; Chlorophyll; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Nutrients; Pisum sativum; Plant Leaves; Proline; Pyruvaldehyde; Seedlings; Silicon; Steroids, Heterocyclic; Thiolester Hydrolases | 2018 |
Changes in photosynthetic pigments, osmolytes and antioxidants of Indian mustard by drought and exogenous polyamines.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Brassicaceae; Carotenoids; Chlorophyll; Photosynthesis; Plant Leaves; Polyamines; Proline; Putrescine; Spermidine; Water | 2018 |
Bacillus firmus (SW5) augments salt tolerance in soybean (Glycine max L.) by modulating root system architecture, antioxidant defense systems and stress-responsive genes expression.
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacillus firmus; Betaine; Biomass; Chlorophyll; Flavonoids; Gases; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Glycine max; Hydrogen Peroxide; Malondialdehyde; Nitrogen; Phenols; Phosphorus; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Proline; Salinity; Salt Tolerance; Solubility; Stress, Physiological; Sugars | 2018 |
Effect of drought stress on growth parameters, osmolyte contents, antioxidant enzymes and glycyrrhizin synthesis in licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) grown in the field.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Droughts; Glycyrrhiza; Glycyrrhizic Acid; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Stress, Physiological; Sugars | 2018 |
Influence of the proline metabolism and glycine betaine on tolerance to salt stress in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) commercial genotypes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Genotype; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Proline; Salt Stress; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Solanum lycopersicum | 2018 |
Dual Role of the C-Terminal Domain in Osmosensing by Bacterial Osmolyte Transporter ProP.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Biological Transport; Biosensing Techniques; Cell Membrane; Dimerization; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Sequence Homology; Substrate Specificity; Symporters | 2018 |
Naringenin Cocrystals Prepared by Solution Crystallization Method for Improving Bioavailability and Anti-hyperlipidemia Effects.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Availability; Caffeine; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Crystallization; Flavanones; Hypolipidemic Agents; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Niacinamide; Proline; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solutions; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared | 2019 |
MtpB, a member of the MttB superfamily from the human intestinal acetogen
Topics: Betaine; Demethylation; Energy Metabolism; Eubacterium; Folic Acid; Humans; Intestines; Methylamines; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Microbiota; Proline; Tetrahydrofolates | 2019 |
Foliar application of glycinebetaine regulates soluble sugars and modulates physiological adaptations in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) under water deficit.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Biomass; Chlorophyll; Droughts; Ipomoea batatas; Osmosis; Photosynthesis; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Proline; Solubility; Sugars; Water | 2020 |
Common Source of Cryoprotection and Osmoprotection by Osmolytes.
Topics: Adsorption; Betaine; Cold Temperature; Cold-Shock Response; Cryoprotective Agents; Ions; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Salts; Surface Properties; Water | 2019 |
Exogenous glycine betaine treatment alleviates low temperature-induced pericarp browning of 'Nanguo' pears by regulating antioxidant enzymes and proline metabolism.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Catalase; Cold Temperature; Fruit; Glycine; Peroxidase; Proline; Pyrus; Superoxide Dismutase | 2020 |
Impact of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria in the Orchestration of
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Burkholderia gladioli; Host-Parasite Interactions; Metabolomics; Nematoda; Oxidative Stress; Pest Control, Biological; Photosynthesis; Pigments, Biological; Proline; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Solanum lycopersicum; Symbiosis; Trehalose | 2019 |
Changes in Ecophysiology, Osmolytes, and Secondary Metabolites of the Medicinal Plants of
Topics: Betaine; Catharanthus; Droughts; Heat-Shock Response; Mentha piperita; Osmotic Pressure; Plants, Medicinal; Proline; Secondary Metabolism; Sugar Alcohols; Sugars | 2019 |
Glycine Betaine and Proline with Thinning Technique for Resistance Abiotic Stress of Cristalina Cactus Pear.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Egypt; Opuntia; Phenols; Proline; Stress, Physiological | 2020 |
Abscisic Acid and Glycine Betaine Mediated Tolerance Mechanisms under Drought Stress and Recovery in Axonopus compressus: A New Insight.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Adaptation, Physiological; Antioxidants; Betaine; Catalase; Cell Membrane; Droughts; Lipid Peroxidation; Peroxidase; Photosynthesis; Pigments, Biological; Poaceae; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Stress, Physiological; Superoxide Dismutase | 2020 |
Development of biocompatible DES/NADES as co-solvents for efficient biosynthesis of chiral alcohols.
Topics: Alcohols; Betaine; Biocatalysis; Biotechnology; Carnitine; Catalysis; Cell-Free System; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Escherichia coli; Green Chemistry Technology; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysine; Permeability; Proline; Recombinant Proteins; Solvents; Stereoisomerism; Water | 2020 |
Comparative physiological and root proteome analyses of two sorghum varieties responding to water limitation.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Droughts; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Ontology; Molecular Sequence Annotation; Osmoregulation; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plant Roots; Plant Stomata; Proline; Proteome; Sorghum; Stress, Physiological; Water | 2020 |
Circulating metabolites and lipids are associated with glycaemic measures in South Asians.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Asia, Western; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Carnitine; Chromatography, Liquid; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Diglycerides; Female; Glycated Hemoglobin; Humans; Linear Models; Lipidomics; Logistic Models; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Metabolomics; Middle Aged; Proline; Sphingomyelins; Triglycerides; United States | 2021 |
Modulation of salt-induced stress impact in Gladiolus grandiflorus L. by exogenous application of salicylic acid.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Carotenoids; Catalase; Catechol Oxidase; Chlorophyll; Iridaceae; Peroxidase; Phenols; Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase; Photosynthesis; Pigments, Biological; Plant Leaves; Principal Component Analysis; Proline; Salicylic Acid; Salt Stress; Salt Tolerance; Superoxide Dismutase | 2021 |
Combined application of two
Topics: Antioxidants; Bacillaceae; Bacillus; Betaine; Biodegradation, Environmental; Brassica napus; Plant Roots; Proline; Soil; Soil Pollutants | 2022 |
Glycinebetaine: a versatile protectant to improve rice performance against aluminium stress by regulating aluminium uptake and translocation.
Topics: Aluminum; Antioxidants; Betaine; Biological Transport; Calcium; Chlorophyll; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hexuronic Acids; Malondialdehyde; Oryza; Photosystem II Protein Complex; Plant Proteins; Plant Shoots; Proline; Protective Agents; Seedlings; Stress, Physiological | 2021 |
In vitro response of vanilla (Vanilla planifolia Jacks. ex Andrews) to PEG-induced osmotic stress.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Biotechnology; Chlorophyll; Culture Media; Droughts; Genotype; In Vitro Techniques; Osmotic Pressure; Plant Roots; Polyethylene Glycols; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Vanilla; Water | 2021 |
Drought mitigation in cocoa (Theobroma cacao L.) through developing tolerant hybrids.
Topics: Acclimatization; Betaine; Cacao; Dehydration; Droughts; Genotype; Hybridization, Genetic; Nitrate Reductase; Plant Breeding; Proline; Superoxide Dismutase | 2021 |
Cellular adaptation of Clostridioides difficile to high salinity encompasses a compatible solute-responsive change in cell morphology.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Clostridioides difficile; Proline; Salinity | 2022 |
Involvement of osmoregulation, glyoxalase, and non-glyoxalase systems in signaling molecule glutamic acid-boosted thermotolerance in maize seedlings.
Topics: Betaine; Glutamic Acid; Lactate Dehydrogenases; Lactoylglutathione Lyase; Ornithine-Oxo-Acid Transaminase; Osmoregulation; Oxidoreductases; Phosphates; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Proline; Pyruvaldehyde; Seedlings; Thermotolerance; Trehalose; Zea mays | 2022 |
Amelioration Effect of Salicylic Acid Under Salt Stress in Sorghum bicolor L.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Carbohydrates; Proline; Salicylic Acid; Salt Stress; Sodium Chloride; Sorghum; Superoxide Dismutase | 2022 |
Glycine betaine modulates chromium (VI)-induced morpho-physiological and biochemical responses to mitigate chromium toxicity in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Chlorophyll; Chromium; Cicer; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Proline; Proton-Translocating ATPases; Soil Pollutants | 2022 |
Thiamin stimulates growth, yield quality and key biochemical processes of cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. Botrytis) under arid conditions.
Topics: Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Botrytis; Brassica; Dehydration; Hydrogen Peroxide; Proline; Thiamine | 2022 |
Addition of silicon to boron foliar spray in cotton plants modulates the antioxidative system attenuating boron deficiency and toxicity.
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Boron; Glycine; Gossypium; Hydrogen Peroxide; Plant Leaves; Proline; Silicon | 2022 |
Effect of Exogenous Glycine Betaine on the Germination of Tomato Seeds under Cold Stress.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Amylases; Betaine; Catalase; Cold-Shock Response; Germination; Gibberellins; Hormones; Hydrogen Peroxide; Malondialdehyde; Peroxidases; Proline; Reactive Oxygen Species; Seeds; Solanum lycopersicum; Starch; Superoxide Dismutase | 2022 |
Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) as an eco-friendly option to mitigate water deficit in soybean (Glycine max L.): Growth, physio-biochemical properties and oil content.
Topics: alpha-Linolenic Acid; Antioxidants; Ascorbate Peroxidases; Betaine; Catalase; Droughts; Glycine max; Iran; Proline; Sugars; Superoxide Dismutase; Water | 2022 |
A Fine-Tuning of the Plant Hormones, Polyamines and Osmolytes by Ectomycorrhizal Fungi Enhances Drought Tolerance in Pedunculate Oak.
Topics: Abscisic Acid; Betaine; Drought Resistance; Droughts; Mycorrhizae; Plant Growth Regulators; Polyamines; Proline; Quercus; Spermidine; Spermine | 2023 |
Topics: Bacillus cereus; Betaine; Glycyrrhiza uralensis; Proline; Salt Stress | 2023 |
Nitrogen metabolism in maize plants submitted to drought, brassinosteroids and azospirillum.
Topics: Amino Acids; Ammonium Compounds; Azospirillum brasilense; Betaine; Brassinosteroids; Dehydration; Droughts; Glutamate-Ammonia Ligase; Nitrate Reductases; Nitrates; Nitrogen; Plant Roots; Proline; Zea mays | 2023 |