betaine has been researched along with choline in 689 studies
| Timeframe | Studies, this research(%) | All Research% |
|---|---|---|
| pre-1990 | 175 (25.40) | 18.7374 |
| 1990's | 56 (8.13) | 18.2507 |
| 2000's | 123 (17.85) | 29.6817 |
| 2010's | 230 (33.38) | 24.3611 |
| 2020's | 105 (15.24) | 2.80 |
| Authors | Studies |
|---|---|
| Chen, J; Conway, SJ; Ganapathy, V; Huang, W; Leibach, FH; Prasad, PD; Rajan, DP; Seth, P; Wu, X | 1 |
| Kobayashi, D; Nezu, JI; Ohashi, R; Oku, A; Sai, Y; Shimane, M; Tamai, I; Tsuji, A | 1 |
| Chen, Y; Du, Y; He, YX; Shi, WW; Yang, YH; Zhou, CZ | 1 |
| Poirier, LA | 1 |
| Horiuti, Y; Ikuta, S; Imamura, S; Matuura, K; Misaki, H | 1 |
| Canfield, CJ; McCormick, GJ; Smith, CC | 1 |
| ElAmin, B; Means, GE | 1 |
| Labadie, P | 1 |
| Harper, AE; Pesti, GM; Sunde, ML | 1 |
| Braier, L | 2 |
| Horiuti, Y; Imamura, S | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Molitoris, BA | 1 |
| Glassgold, JM; Hauser, DC; Levandowsky, M | 1 |
| Eisenstadt, ML; Schwartz, JH | 1 |
| de Ridder, JJ; van Dam, K | 2 |
| Beeler, DA; Korniat, EK | 1 |
| Benevenga, NJ; Case, GL; Harper, AE; Mitchell, AD | 1 |
| Bakhrouf, A; Gauthier, MJ; Jeddi, M | 1 |
| Lamark, T; Strøm, AR; Styrvold, OB | 1 |
| Blusztajn, JK; Zeisel, SH; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Hua, TH; Kunin, CM; Van Arsdale White, L; Villarejo, M | 1 |
| Cayley, S; Lewis, BA; Record, MT | 1 |
| Graham, JE; Wilkinson, BJ | 1 |
| Brar, P; Fritz, IB; Siu, CH | 1 |
| Domenech, CE; Garrido, MN; Lisa, TA | 3 |
| Mackinlay, J; Saunderson, CL | 1 |
| Domenech, CE; Lisa, TA; Lucchini, AE | 1 |
| Burg, MB; Garcia-Perez, A | 1 |
| Bates, TE; Bell, JD; Iles, RA; Rafter, JE | 1 |
| Abee, T; Hellingwerf, KJ; Konings, WN; Palmen, R | 1 |
| Fougère, F; Le Rudulier, D | 1 |
| Acara, M; Lohr, J | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Czarnecki, GL | 1 |
| Domenech, CE; Lisa, TA; Lucchesi, GI | 1 |
| Chalmers, RA; Iles, RA; Rafter, JE | 1 |
| Robson, GD; Trinci, AP; Wiebe, MG | 1 |
| Vance, DE; Yao, ZM | 1 |
| Banjac, B; Drewes, LR; Kloiber, O | 1 |
| Andresen, PA; Boulnois, G; Kaasen, I; Strøm, AR; Styrvold, OB | 1 |
| Eshoo, MW | 1 |
| Charest, RP; Chenoweth, M; Dunn, A | 1 |
| Bernard, T; Le Rudulier, D; Pocard, JA; Smith, LT | 1 |
| O'Connor, SC; Pomfret, EA; Zeisel, SH; Zola, TH | 1 |
| Finkelstein, JD; Harris, BJ; Martin, JJ | 1 |
| Landfald, B; Strøm, AR | 1 |
| Bjørnsen, T; Eshoo, MW; Falkenberg, P; Landfald, B; Strøm, AR; Styrvold, OB | 1 |
| Ancelin, ML; Capron, A; Torpier, G; Vial, HJ | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Lowry, KR | 1 |
| Gottschalk, G; Hippe, H; Möller, B | 1 |
| Chambers, S; Kunin, CM | 1 |
| Barak, AJ; Beckenhauer, HC; Tuma, DJ | 1 |
| Bhattacharya, SK; Ghosal, S; Mazumder, UK | 1 |
| Poirier, LA; Whitehead, VM | 1 |
| Illingworth, DR; Portman, OW | 2 |
| Mulford, DJ; Russell, PJ; Yue, KT | 2 |
| Feinberg, RH; Turkki, PR; Witkowski, PE | 1 |
| Casida, JE; Roger, JC; Upshall, DG | 1 |
| Bieber, LL; Monroe, RE | 1 |
| Ackermann, WW; Fujioka, R; Kurtz, H | 1 |
| Thompson, W; Wong, ER | 1 |
| Johnstone, RM; Sung, CP | 2 |
| Doerr, RC; Fiddler, W; Pensabene, JW; Wasserman, AE | 1 |
| Jewers, K; McLean, WF | 1 |
| Akesson, B; Arvidson, G; Sundler, R | 1 |
| Abdel-Latif, AA; Smith, JP | 1 |
| Beart, PM; Johnston, GA | 1 |
| Beeler, DA; Salerno, DM | 1 |
| de Ridder, JJ; Kleverlaan, NT; Schippers, PG; van Dam, K; Verdouw-Chamalaun, CV | 1 |
| Cox, RA; Hoppel, CL | 1 |
| Ketola, HG; Young, RJ | 1 |
| Gullmar, B; Molin, N | 1 |
| Richardson, M; Speed, DJ | 1 |
| Simon, A | 1 |
| Aurich, H; Kleber, HP | 4 |
| Kleber, HP | 1 |
| Jensen, LS; Latshaw, JD | 1 |
| Flower, RJ; Pollitt, RJ; Sanford, PA; Smyth, DH | 2 |
| Acara, M; Rennick, B | 1 |
| Rethy, VB; Weinhold, PA | 1 |
| Batra, KK; Buehring, KU; Stokstad, EL | 1 |
| Brown, OM; Green, JP; Margolis, S; Szilagyi, PI | 1 |
| Snyder, SH; Yamamura, HI | 1 |
| Fuller, HL; Keshavarz, K | 1 |
| Wilken, DR | 1 |
| Balcom, JK; Fitch, WM | 1 |
| McMacken, ML; Rodriquez, A; Wilken, DR | 1 |
| Fischer, MS; Templeton, DH; Zalkin, A | 1 |
| Ceballos, E; Leach, RM; Nesheim, MC; Norvell, MJ | 1 |
| Demain, AL; White, RF | 1 |
| Morrison, K; Norman, JR; Spitzer, HL | 1 |
| Rafaeli-Eshkol, D | 1 |
| Daniels, HJ; Demain, AL; Schnable, L; White, RF | 1 |
| Hogg, JA; Richardson, M | 1 |
| Shieh, HS | 2 |
| Diamond, I; Kennedy, EP | 1 |
| Wohlrab, F | 1 |
| Khairallah, EA; Wolf, G | 1 |
| Law, JH; Sherr, SI | 1 |
| Ferruccio, S | 1 |
| Hathcock, JN; Scott, ML | 1 |
| Menkès, G | 1 |
| Chang, SI; Fuller, HL; Potter, DK | 1 |
| McIlhenny, HM; Sinsheimer, JE | 1 |
| Shieh, HS; Spears, D | 1 |
| Bakerman, S; Gourley, WK; Haas, CD | 1 |
| Cheymol, J; Dechezlepretre, S; Portet, R | 1 |
| Benevenga, NJ | 1 |
| Pritchard, PH; Vance, DE | 1 |
| Barak, AJ; Tuma, DJ | 2 |
| Pelech, SL; Percival-Smith, A; Pritchard, PH; Sommerman, EF; Vance, DE | 1 |
| Besseghir, K; Pearce, LB; Rennick, B | 1 |
| Anceschi, MM; Bleasdale, JE; Di Renzo, GC; Venincasa, MD | 1 |
| Charest, R; Dunn, A | 1 |
| Finkelstein, JD; Harris, BJ; Kyle, WE; Martin, JJ | 2 |
| Barak, AJ; Kemmy, RJ | 1 |
| Brunengraber, H; Story, DL; Wurtman, RJ; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Futamura, Y; Nakano, Y; Ohashi, K; Onishi, H; Tsuge, H | 1 |
| Arvidson, GA; Asp, NG | 1 |
| Bean, GH; Knight, DS; Lowenstein, LM | 1 |
| Garner, SC; Mar, MH; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Albrecht, GJ; Beck, FX; Ohno, A; Sone, M; Thurau, K | 1 |
| da Costa, KA; Mar, MH; Zeisel, SH; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Blusztajn, JK; Brotschi, EA; Hilbinger, CL; Kahl, EA; Midis, NA; Vaules, WA; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Cunliffe, B; Robson, GD; Trinci, APJ; Wiebe, MG | 1 |
| Bonham, CC; Hahn, DT; Nadolska-Orczyk, A; Premachandra, GS; Rhodes, JC; Rich, PJ; Saneoka, H; Wood, AJ; Wood, KV; Yang, WJ | 1 |
| Casale, CH; Domenech, CE; Lisa, TA; Lucchesi, GI | 1 |
| Chen, TJ; Dasser, HG; Guder, WG; Moeckel, G; Schmolke, M | 1 |
| Dixon, RM; Frahm, J | 1 |
| Boch, J; Bremer, E; Kempf, B | 1 |
| Chou, SC; Coleman, RA; Garner, SC; Mar, MH; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Barker, GJ; Bell, JD; Brenner, RE; Hawkins, CP; Landon, DN; McDonald, WI; Munro, PM; Williams, SC | 1 |
| Abdel-Ghany, Y; Kunin, CM; LeRudulier, D; Miller, DD; Poggi, MC; Tong, HH | 1 |
| Garner, SC; Mar, MH; Rohlfs, EM; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Häussinger, D; Warskulat, U; Wettstein, M | 1 |
| Lamark, T; McDougall, J; Røkenes, TP; Strøm, AR | 1 |
| Boch, J; Bremer, E; Kempf, B; Schmid, R | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Emmert, JL; Garrow, TA | 1 |
| Cánovas, D; Csonka, LN; Nieto, JJ; Vargas, C; Ventosa, A | 1 |
| Sage, AE; Vasil, AI; Vasil, ML | 1 |
| Brhada, F; Le Rudulier, D; Poggi, MC | 1 |
| Buszko, ML; Gander, JE; Park, YI | 2 |
| Boncompagni, E; Pocard, JA; Poggi, MC; Rudulier, DL; Smith, LT; Vincent, N | 1 |
| Bayles, DO; Jayaswal, RK; Nadakavukaren, MJ; Vijaranakul, U; Wilkinson, BJ | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Emmert, JL | 1 |
| Sage, AE; Vasil, ML | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Biehl, RR; Emmert, JL; Garrow, LS; Garrow, TA; Griffiths, MA; Webel, DM | 1 |
| Häussinger, D; Holneicher, C; Weik, C; Wettstein, M | 1 |
| Domenech, CE; Lisa, AT; Lucchesi, GI; Pallotti, C | 1 |
| Holmes, HC; Iles, RA; Snodgrass, GJ | 1 |
| Cooney, CA; Kodell, RL; Moore, SR; Wolff, GL | 1 |
| Boncompagni, E; Le Rudulier, D; Osterås, M; Poggi, MC; Vincent, N | 1 |
| Gage, DA; Hanson, AD; Nolte, KD; Nuccio, ML; Rathinasabapathi, B; Russell, BL | 1 |
| Mendoza-Hernández, G; Mújica-Jiménez, C; Muñoz-Clares, RA; Velasco-García, R | 1 |
| Futter-Bryniok, D; Götz, F; Rosenstein, R | 1 |
| Boch, J; Bremer, E; Gade, J; Kappes, RM; Kempf, B; Kneip, S; Meier-Wagner, J | 1 |
| Alexander, DA; Culham, DE; Kunte, HJ; MacMillan, SV; Marshall, EV; Rochon, D; Wood, JM | 1 |
| Caldas, T; Demont-Caulet, N; Ghazi, A; Richarme, G | 1 |
| Iinuma, Y; Kadota, A; Miike, A; Morishita, Y; Nakashima, N; Tadano, T | 1 |
| Blanco, C; Jebbar, M; Le Marrec, C; Robert, H | 1 |
| Forsback, S; Grönroos, T; Kähkönen, M; Lehikoinen, P; Minn, H; Roivainen, A; Sutinen, E | 1 |
| Bremer, E; Cánovas, D; Kneip, S; Morón, MA; Nieto, JNJ; Vargas, C; Ventosa, A | 1 |
| Adam, L; Hammerlindl, JK; Hirji, R; Huang, J; Keller, WA; Rozwadowski, KL; Selvaraj, G | 1 |
| Albert, L; Nemeth, ZI; Rózyło, TK; Siembida, R; Tyihak, E | 1 |
| Aiken, NR; Blackband, SJ; Gibbs, S; Grant, SC; Mareci, TH; Plant, HD; Webb, AG | 1 |
| Holmström, KO; Mandal, A; Palva, TE; Somersalo, S; Welin, B | 1 |
| Hanson, AD; McNeil, SD; Nuccio, ML; Rhodes, D; Russell, BL; Shachar-Hill, Y | 1 |
| Chern, MK; Gage, DA; Pietruszko, R | 1 |
| Hanson, AD; Jain, RK; McNeil, SD; Nuccio, ML; Selvaraj, G; Ziemak, MJ | 1 |
| Kettunen, H; Peuranen, S; Saarinen, M; Tiihonen, K | 1 |
| Kettunen, H; Peuranen, S; Pulliainen, K; Remus, J; Saarinen, MT; Tiihonen, K | 1 |
| Auffray, Y; Blanco, C; Gouffi, K; Hartke, A; Leblanc, L; Leroi, F; Pichereau, V | 1 |
| Lang, F; Völkl, H | 1 |
| Incharoensakdi, A; Waditee, R | 1 |
| Hanson, AD; McNeil, SD; Nuccio, ML; Ziemak, MJ | 1 |
| Leisola, M; Nyyssölä, A | 1 |
| Fiedler, GM; Grunewald, RW; Jehle, PM; Oppermann, M; Schettler, V; Schuettert, JB | 1 |
| El Rassi, Z; Li, J | 1 |
| Adeola, O; Cera, K; Lawrence, BV; Schinckel, AP | 1 |
| Harms, RH; Russell, GB | 1 |
| Fisher, MC; Mar, MH; Sadler, TW; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Degani, H; Katz-Brull, R; Rivenson-Segal, D; Rushkin, E; Seger, D | 1 |
| Chen, TH; Murata, N | 1 |
| Barra, JL; Domenech, CE; Lisa, AT; Lucchesi, GI; Mariscotti, JF; Serra, AL | 1 |
| Hibino, T; Incharoensakdi, A; Takabe, T | 1 |
| Aoyama, Y; Kanno, T; Kikuchi, H; Kurasaki, M; Nocianitri, KA; Sakakibara, S | 1 |
| Castro, C; Chen, Z; Garrow, T; Genest, J; Laryea, MD; Lussier-Cacan, S; Mar, MH; Rozen, R; Schwahn, BC; Wendel, U; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Holm, PI; Kvalheim, G; Lien, EA; Ueland, PM | 1 |
| Bell, JD; Chung, YL; Hurley, M; Scott, DL; Wassif, WS | 1 |
| Gadda, G | 2 |
| Incharoensakdi, A; Karnchanatat, A | 1 |
| Gadda, G; McAllister-Wilkins, EE | 1 |
| Holden, JM; Howe, JC; Mar, MH; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Baliarda, A; Blanco, C; Deschamps, A; Jebbar, M; Le Marrec, C; Robert, H | 1 |
| Jirtle, RL; Waterland, RA | 1 |
| Boncompagni, E; Le Rudulier, D; Mandon, K; Osterås, M; Poggi, MC; Spennato, G; Trinchant, JC | 1 |
| Kacprzak, MM; Lewandowska, I; Matthews, RG; Paszewski, A | 1 |
| KRATZER, FH | 1 |
| BANDELIN, FJ; PANKRATZ, RE | 1 |
| MORRISON, LM | 1 |
| HEUSER, GF; NORRIS, LC; YOUNG, RJ | 2 |
| CROMWELL, BT; RENNIE, SD | 1 |
| MULFORD, DJ | 1 |
| BREGOFF, HM; DELWICHE, CC | 2 |
| ETIENNE, J | 1 |
| BEST, CH; LUCAS, CC; PATTERSON, JM; YOUNG, RJ | 1 |
| ANDERSON, EI; HSU, PT; STEKOL, JA; WATJEN, A; WEISS, S | 1 |
| BACQ, ZM; LIEBECQ-HUTTER, S | 1 |
| LIEBECQ-HUTTER, S | 1 |
| ALDES, JH | 1 |
| FRAENKEL, G; ITO, T | 1 |
| CORNATZER, WE; SIMONSON, GE; SNYDER, F | 1 |
| HEAD, MA; SCHOENTAL, R | 1 |
| SIMENAUER, A | 3 |
| BRIGNON, JJ; RAUBER, G; WOLFF, R | 1 |
| BEST, CH; LUCAS, CC; WILGRAM, GF | 1 |
| LECLERCQ, R | 1 |
| ACKERMANN, D; LIST, PH | 1 |
| HOSEIN, EA; McLENNAN, H | 1 |
| ELMLINGER, P; GOFMAN, JW; KRAG, CL; STRISOWER, B; STRISOWER, EH | 1 |
| BALESTRERI, R; FAZIO, B | 1 |
| PALAZZOADRIANO, M; PATANIA, S | 1 |
| LOSCALZO, B; MARMO, E; MIELE, E | 1 |
| ACKERMANN, D; MENSSEN, HG | 1 |
| FIEDLER, E; GUELZOW, M | 1 |
| ASKARI, A; MELVILLE, DB | 1 |
| CHAILLET, F; PHILIPPOT, E; SCHLAG, J | 1 |
| DURELL, J; RAWITSCHER, M; STURTEVANT, JM | 1 |
| ROTZSCH, W; THOMITZEK, WD | 1 |
| NIEMANN, A | 1 |
| BALL, CR | 1 |
| ERECINSKA, M; SZARKOWSKA, L | 1 |
| GEER, BW; VOVIS, GF | 1 |
| ACKERMANN, D; JANKA, R | 1 |
| HAWKINS, K; HOSEIN, EA; SMART, M | 1 |
| HOSEIN, EA; ROCHON, S; SMART, M; STRASBERG, Z | 1 |
| KIMURA, H | 1 |
| LINDSTEDT, G; LINDSTEDT, S | 1 |
| Alakoskela, JM; Kinnunen, PK; Pakkanen, AL; Söderlund, T | 1 |
| Ashihara, H; Baba, S; Suzuki, M; Yasumoto, E | 1 |
| Baliarda, A; Blanco, C; Jebbar, M; Le Marrec, C; Robert, H | 1 |
| Fan, F; Francis, K; Gadda, G; Ghanem, M | 1 |
| Bleie, Ø; Holm, PI; Lien, EA; Nordrehaug, JE; Nygård, O; Refsum, H; Ueland, PM | 1 |
| Culham, DE; Henderson, J; Lu, A; Ly, A; Wood, JM | 1 |
| BEST, CH; LUCAS, CC; PATTERSON, JM; RIDOUT, JH | 1 |
| GILLIS, MB; NORRIS, LC | 1 |
| WILLIAMS, JN | 1 |
| DINNING, JS; PAYNE, LD; SEAGER, LD; TOTTER, JR | 1 |
| Linscombe, VA; Mar, MH; Radtke, BJ; Stott, WT; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Kidd, MT | 1 |
| Castro, C; Garrow, TA; Leclerc, D; Lussier-Cacan, S; Mar, MH; Rozen, R; Schwahn, BC; Wendel, U; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Carmichael, SL; Schaffer, DM; Selvin, S; Shaw, GM; Yang, W | 1 |
| Gadda, G; Menon, P; Powell, NL | 1 |
| DYER, IA; KRIDER, JL | 1 |
| du VIGNEAUD, V; FERGER, MF | 1 |
| Jeong, YJ; Park, DH; Ryu, HJ | 1 |
| Blom, HJ; den Heijer, M; Holm, PI; Keijzer, MB; Midttun, Ø; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE | 1 |
| Busby, MG; da Costa, KA; Fischer, L; Mar, MH; Thompson, D; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Fan, F; Gadda, G | 1 |
| Olthof, MR; Verhoef, P | 1 |
| Beauchamp, JL; Cox, HA; Hodyss, R | 1 |
| Clarke, R; Holm, PI; Melse-Boonstra, A; Olthof, M; Ueland, PM; Verhoef, P | 1 |
| Fokkema, MR; Holm, PI; Muskiet, FA; Ueland, PM; van der Dijs, FP; Velzing-Aarts, FV | 1 |
| Blanco, C; Choquet, G; Jebbar, M; Jehan, N; Pissavin, C | 1 |
| Choi, SW; Mason, JB | 1 |
| Bell, JD; Chung, YL; Hicks, J; Miller, FW; Passo, MH; Rennebohm, RM; Rider, LG; Scott, DL; Summers, RM; Zemel, LS | 1 |
| Brody, LC; Conley, M; Cox, C; Daly, SF; Kirke, PN; Mills, JL; Molloy, AM; Scott, JM; Ueland, PM | 1 |
| Ma, C; Wang, B; Wu, S; Yang, G; Yang, Q; Ye, C | 1 |
| Adamczyk, M; Brashear, RJ; Mattingly, PG | 1 |
| Beers, KW; Blair, ME; Emmert, JL; Fanatico, AC; Pillai, PB | 1 |
| Gulevich, RG; Latypov, IF; Os'kina, IN; Pliusnina, IZ; Prasolova, LA; Trut, LN; Vsevolodov, EB | 1 |
| Cho, E; Colditz, GA; Dougherty, L; Jacques, P; Selhub, J; Willett, WC; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Bollinger, JC; Dantoine, T; Debord, J; Merle, L; Verneuil, B | 1 |
| Dolinoy, DC; Lin, JR; Shi, X; Smith, CA; Tahiliani, KG; Waterland, RA | 1 |
| Eklund, M; Mosenthin, R; Tafaj, M; Wamatu, J | 1 |
| Alloing, G; Dupont, L; Le Rudulier, D; Sagot, B; Travers, I | 1 |
| Nakata, R; Shigematsuo, N; Yagisawa, M | 1 |
| Blair, ME; Emmert, JL; Fanatico, AC; Pillai, PB | 1 |
| Cánovas, D; de Lorenzo, V; Galvão, TC | 1 |
| Gadda, G; Hoang, JV | 1 |
| Grotmol, T; Holm, PI; Hustad, S; Schneede, J; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE | 1 |
| Bots, ML; Dalmeijer, GW; Olthof, MR; van der Schouw, YT; Verhoef, P | 1 |
| Os'kina, IN; Plyusnina, IZ; Prasolova, LA; Shchepina, OA; Trut, LN | 1 |
| Blom, HJ; Clarke, R; de Groot, LC; Eussen, SJ; Hoefnagels, WH; Ueland, PM; van Staveren, WA | 1 |
| Abratte, CM; Caudill, MA; Li, R; Moriarty, DJ; Wang, W | 1 |
| Bidulescu, A; Chambless, LE; Heiss, G; Siega-Riz, AM; Zeisel, SH | 2 |
| Beattie, GA; Chen, C | 2 |
| Lim, U; Ziegler, RG | 1 |
| Chan, AT; Cho, E; Colditz, GA; Fuchs, CS; Giovannucci, EL; Willett, WC; Wu, K; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Bhuiyan, NH; Hibino, T; Hirata, E; Shikata, M; Takabe, T; Tanaka, Y; Waditee, R | 1 |
| Baker, DH; Dilger, RN; Garrow, TA | 1 |
| Zhang, J; Zhu, Y | 1 |
| Chiuve, SE; Dougherty, LW; Giovannucci, EL; Hankinson, SE; Rimm, EB; Willett, WC; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Agbaje, IM; Amigues, E; Browne, RA; Green, BD; Hollis, J; Mallidis, C; McClure, N; Migaud, M; Rogers, D | 1 |
| Friesen, RW; Hasman, D; Innis, SM; Novak, EM | 1 |
| Cho, E; Hankinson, SE; Holmes, M; Willett, WC | 1 |
| DUBNOFF, J | 1 |
| BERNARD, R; DEMERS, JM | 2 |
| Bradshaw, PT; Chen, J; Gammon, MD; Lee, YL; Neugut, AI; Santella, RM; Teitelbaum, SL; Wetmur, JG; Xu, X; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Zeisel, SH | 2 |
| Antonopoulou, S; Detopoulou, P; Panagiotakos, DB; Pitsavos, C; Stefanadis, C | 1 |
| Chu, J; Li, KT; Liu, DH; Wang, YH; Zhang, SL; Zhuang, YP | 1 |
| Atkinson, W; Chambers, ST; Elmslie, J; George, PM; Lever, M | 1 |
| Brownie, C; Davidson, S; Fellner, V; Hopkins, BA; Odle, J; Whitlow, LW | 1 |
| Gao, P; Gu, J; He, X; Shi, X; Wan, D; Wang, T; Wang, Y; Xu, G; Yang, S; Zhang, P | 1 |
| Bleie, Ø; Konstantinova, SV; Nygård, O; Tell, GS; Ueland, PM; Vollset, SE | 1 |
| Tan, W; Yang, XH; Zhang, HX; Zhang, J | 1 |
| Manore, MM; Penry, JT | 1 |
| Abratte, CM; Axume, J; Caudill, MA; Li, R; Moriarty, DJ; Wang, W | 1 |
| Bhinu, VS; Hannoufa, A; Huang, J; Rozwadowski, K; Schäfer, U | 1 |
| Gadda, G; Rungsrisuriyachai, K | 1 |
| Fappa, E; Kontogianni, MD; Mantzoros, CS; Melistas, L; Vidra, N; Yannakoulia, M; Yiannakouris, N | 1 |
| Morita, T; Ohuchi, S; Setoue, M; Sugiyama, K | 2 |
| Gu, ZJ; Le Rudulier, D; Wang, L; Yang, SS; Zhang, B | 1 |
| Abratte, CM; Caudill, MA; Hung, J; Li, R; Moriarty, DJ; Wang, W | 1 |
| Abratte, CM; Caudill, MA; Li, R; Maletz, CV; Solis, C; Veenema, K; Wang, W | 1 |
| Bessler, C; Gruber, K; Hoven, N; Karl, W; Maurer, KH; Remler, P; Ribitsch, D; Sauter, K; Schwab, H; Stehr, R; Tutz, S; Weber, HJ; Wehrschütz-Sigl, E | 1 |
| McKITTRICK, DS | 2 |
| Binnemans, K; De Vos, DE; Mertens, PG; Nockemann, P; Thijs, B; Van Doorslaer, C; Wahlen, J | 1 |
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| Gao, X; Liu, X; Ma, Y; Wang, Q; Xu, W; Zhang, Y | 1 |
| Dabirmanesh, B; Dashtban-Moghadam, E; Ghazi, F; Heydari, A; Khajeh, K; Khodaverdian, S | 1 |
| Arós, F; Bulló, M; Clish, CB; Corella, D; Dennis, C; Estruch, R; Fiol, M; Fitó, M; Gómez-Gracia, E; Guasch-Ferré, M; Hu, FB; Lapetra, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Serra-Majem, L; Toledo, E; Wang, DD | 1 |
| Che, L; Chen, Y; Fang, Z; Feng, B; Li, J; Lin, Y; Liu, H; Mou, D; Wang, J; Xu, S | 1 |
| Filker, S; Grimm, M; Kühner, S; Netz, DJA; Pierik, AJ; Roth, R; Roth, T; Weinisch, L | 1 |
| Cai, Y; Hong, W; Huang, M; Jin, J; Li, G; Xiao, C; Xu, C; Yu, W; Zhao, Y; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| Gao, X; Randell, E; Sun, G; Zhou, H | 1 |
| Cho, E; Lee, JE; Youn, J | 1 |
| Kageyama, H; Takabe, T; Tanaka, Y | 1 |
| Chen, JH; He, YX; Wang, Y; Wang, ZP; Zhao, JH | 1 |
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| Barzilay, E; Berger, H; Caudill, MA; Croxford, R; Kim, YI; Ly, A; Malysheva, O; Masih, SP; Moon, A; O'Connor, DL; Plumptre, L; Sohn, KJ; Visentin, CE | 1 |
| Chau, CMY; Devlin, AM; Dyer, RA; Grunau, RE; Innis, SM; McCarthy, D; Wiedeman, AM; Yurko-Mauro, K | 1 |
| Bartlett, RK; Bertolo, RF; Brunton, JA; Harding, SV; McBreairty, LE; Randell, EW; Robinson, JL | 1 |
| Chmurzynska, A; Malinowska, AM; Mlodzik, MA; Nowacka-Woszuk, J; Radziejewska, A; Szwengiel, A | 1 |
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| Bassett, JK; Brinkman, MT; Buchanan, DD; Chamberlain, JA; Dugué, PA; English, DR; Giles, GG; Hodge, AM; Hopper, JL; Joo, JE; Jung, CH; Makalic, E; Milne, RL; Schmidt, DF; Southey, MC | 1 |
| Bernhard, W; Franz, AR; Poets, CF | 1 |
| Axen, K; Blain, K; Bretter, R; Jack-Roberts, C; Jiang, X; Jones, N; Nanobashvili, K; Saxena, A | 1 |
| Barr, SI; Green, TJ; Innis, SM; Kitts, DD; Wiedeman, AM; Xu, Z | 1 |
| Dahdoul, T; Nijhout, HF; Reed, MC; Sadre-Marandi, F | 1 |
| Barton, B; Bradford, BJ; Garcia, M; Mamedova, LK | 1 |
| Bailey, HR; Davis, AN; Grilli, E; McFadden, JW; Myers, WA; Samii, SS; Zang, Y | 1 |
| Cutler, SJ; Khan, IA; Kumarihamy, M; León, F; Muhammad, I; Smesler, A; Wang, M; Wang, YH | 1 |
| Arima, H; Fujii, T; Izu, H; Yamashita, S | 1 |
| Carlson, LT; Deming, JW; Ingalls, AE; Torstensson, A; Young, JN | 1 |
| Ali, MA; Bakir, MB; Kamel, MA; Khalifa, EA; Refaat, R; Salama, MA | 1 |
| Barber, JR; Bidulescu, A; Han, P; Joshu, CE; Platz, EA; Prizment, AE; Vitolins, MZ; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Cheng, ZY; Du, YF; Shi, HF; Wang, XL; Wei, Y; Wu, TC; Yang, J; Zuo, XF | 1 |
| Bassett, JK; Boussioutas, A; Brinkman, MT; Dugué, PA; English, DR; Giles, GG; Hodge, AM; Joo, JE; Milne, RL; Mitchell, H; Southey, MC; Wong, EM | 1 |
| Angiletta, CJ; Baugh, ME; Davy, KP; Djuric, Z; Griffin, LE; Mitchell, CM; Neilson, AP | 1 |
| Crider, KS; Mitchell, AA; Parker, SE; Petersen, JM; Tinker, SC; Werler, MM | 1 |
| Crane, H; Deeks, SG; Drozd, D; Hsue, PY; Hunt, P; Ma, Y; Martin, J; Neilan, BD; Rahalkar, S; Scherzer, R; Sinha, A | 1 |
| Alharthi, A; Coleman, DN; Loor, JJ; Lopreiato, V; Miura, M; Pan, YX; Trevisi, E | 1 |
| Hai, Y; Huang, AM; Tang, Y | 1 |
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| Gao, X; Randell, E; Sun, G; Tian, Y; Zhou, H | 1 |
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| Chu, KY; Huang, KT; Huang, RS; Ku, WC; Lee, CN; Liu, CY; Shen, YL | 1 |
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| Gao, Y; Huang, B; Li, M; Yang, Q; Zhang, X | 1 |
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| Balvers, MGJ; de Wit, NJW; Esser, D; Obeid, R; Smolders, L; Vissers, MMM | 1 |
| Chmurzynska, A; Martínez, JA; Milagro, FI; Muzsik, A; Radziejewska, A | 1 |
| Allende, DS; Brown, AL; Conrad, K; Gromovsky, AD; Helsley, RN; Neumann, CK; Owens, AP; Tranter, M; Zhang, R | 1 |
| Calani, L; Dall'Asta, C; Folloni, S; Galaverna, G; Ranieri, R; Spaggiari, M | 1 |
| Cheng, I; Franke, AA; Fu, BC; Hullar, MAJ; Lampe, JW; Le Marchand, L; Lim, U; Madeleine, MM; Monroe, KR; Randolph, TW; Shepherd, JA; Wilkens, LR | 1 |
| Ampong, I; Eid, N; Griffiths, HR; Morgan, HL; Rouillon, C; Watkins, AJ | 1 |
| Butler, LM; Gao, YT; Huang, JY; Jin, A; Koh, WP; Luu, HN; Midttun, Ø; Tan, Y; Ueland, PM; Ulvik, A; Wang, R; Yuan, JM | 1 |
| Bottiglieri, T; Horigan, G; Hughes, CF; McCann, A; McMahon, A; McNulty, H; Rooney, M; Strain, JJ; Ward, M; Wasek-Patterson, B | 1 |
| Bergamini, C; Capelli, I; Cappuccilli, M; Cianciolo, G; Conte, D; Donati, G; Giacomelli, FA; La Manna, G; Natali, T | 1 |
| Meyer, KA | 1 |
| Bardagjy, AS; Houts, H; Randolph, JM; Sacchi, R; Sawrey-Kubicek, L; Steinberg, FM; Tang, X; Zhu, C; Zivkovic, AM | 1 |
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| Hellgren, G; Hellström, A; Löfqvist, C; Lund, AM; Malmodin, D; Nilsson, AK; Pedersen, A; Pupp, IH | 1 |
| De Gara, L; Della Posta, S; Dugo, L; Fanali, C; Gentili, A; Mondello, L | 1 |
| Tang, D; Wang, J; Wang, M; Wang, W; Wang, X; Wang, Y | 1 |
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| Bidulescu, A; Dibaba, DT; Johnson, KC; Kucharska-Newton, AM; Meyer, K; Zeisel, SH | 1 |
| Bozack, AK; Gamble, MV; Graziano, JH; Hall, MN; Howe, CG; Ilievski, V; Islam, T; Liu, X; Lomax-Luu, AM; Parvez, F; Shahriar, H; Siddique, AB; Slavkovich, V; Uddin, MN | 1 |
| Gao, Y; Huang, B; Lyu, W; Sun, Y; Zhang, K; Zhang, X | 1 |
| Chen, L; Chen, Y; Fan, D; Zhao, M; Zheng, L | 1 |
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| Alonso-Gómez, A; Bulló, M; Clish, C; Corella, D; Estruch, R; Fiol, M; Fitó, M; Guasch-Ferré, M; Hernández-Alonso, P; Hu, FB; Li, J; Liang, L; Martínez-González, MA; Papandreou, C; Ros, E; Ruiz-Canela, M; Salas-Salvadó, J; Santos-Lozano, JM; Serra-Majem, L; Toledo, E | 1 |
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| Eussen, SJ; Moltó-Puigmartí, C; Mommers, M; Obeid, R; Thijs, C | 1 |
| Bu, X; Che, B; Du, J; He, J; Ju, Z; Miao, M; Peng, H; Wang, A; Xu, T; Zhang, J; Zhang, Y; Zhong, C | 1 |
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| Cameron-Smith, D; Franzke, B; Gillies, NA; Hofmann, M; Milan, AM; Oesen, S; Roy, NC; Schober-Halper, B; Strasser, EM; Tosevska, A; Wagner, KH; Wessner, B | 1 |
| Bergström, M; Fagerström, C; Hefni, ME; Lennqvist, T; Witthöft, CM | 1 |
| Bernhard, W; Böckmann, KA; Franz, AR; Gross, M; Maiwald, CA; Minarski, M; Poets, CF; Schwarz, J; Shunova, A | 1 |
| Averhoff, B; Bendel, M; Breisch, J | 1 |
| Brække, MS; Dierkes, J; Haugsgjerd, TR; Karlsson, T; Lysne, V; Nygård, O; Tell, GS; Ueland, PM; Van Parys, A; Vinknes, KJ; Øyen, J | 1 |
| Azizi, F; Golzarand, M; Mirmiran, P | 1 |
| Baylin, A; Burant, CF; Dolinoy, DC; Domino, SE; Goodrich, JM; LaBarre, JL; McCabe, CF; Padmanabhan, V; Treadwell, MC | 1 |
| Devlieger, R; Godderis, L; Hoeylaerts, S; Huybrechts, I; Koppen, G; Pauwels, S; Van Opstal, A | 1 |
| Chang, CY; Chang, TY; Doong, JY; Huang, RS; Kuo, CS; Lee, FJ; Lin, YS; Wang, BW; Wu, CH | 1 |
| Brightling, CE; Cordell, RL; Greening, NJ; Ibrahim, W; Israr, MZ; Salzano, A; Sarmad, S; Siddiqui, S; Suzuki, T; Wilde, MJ | 1 |
| Amrein, M; Bakula, A; Ceresa, B; Glarner, N; Haaf, P; Hazen, SL; Honegger, U; Koechlin, L; Leu, K; Li, XS; Mueller, C; Nestelberger, T; Puelacher, C; Schäfer, I; Strebel, I; Twerenbold, R; Walter, J; Wang, Z; Zellweger, M; Zimmermann, T | 1 |
| Gavira, JA; Krell, T; Martín-Mora, D; Matilla, MA; Sourjik, V; Tajuelo, A; Velando, F; Xu, W | 1 |
| Cruz, M; Diaz-Flores, M; Fernandez-Osornio, LF; Gomez-Diaz, RA; Gonzalez-Carranza, E; Hernández-Pineda, J; Maldonado-Rodriguez, R; Mondragon-Gonzalez, R; Sharma, T; Valladares-Salgado, A; Wacher, NH | 1 |
| Chmurzynska, A; Muzsik-Kazimierska, A; Nikrandt, G; Szwengiel, A | 1 |
| Armbrust, EV; Boysen, AK; Carlson, LT; Durham, BP; Groussman, RD; Heal, KR; Ingalls, AE; Key, RS; Kumler, W | 1 |
| Budoff, M; de Oliveira Otto, MC; DiDonato, JA; Fretts, AM; Hazen, SL; Jensen, P; Lai, H; Lee, Y; Lemaitre, RN; Mozaffarian, D; Psaty, BM; Siscovick, DS; Sitlani, CM; Sotoodehnia, N; Tang, WHW; Wang, M | 1 |
| Chmurzynska, A; Malinowska, AM; Mlodzik-Czyzewska, MA; Szwengiel, A | 1 |
| Cariou, B; Croyal, M; Gand, E; Goronflot, T; Hadjadj, S; Jacobi, D; Le May, C; Prieur, X; Ragot, S; Saulnier, PJ; Trochu, JN; Wargny, M | 1 |
| Harrison, EE; Waters, ML | 1 |
| Chen, X; Cheng, S; Gao, X; He, Y; Ji, L; Li, D; Li, H; Li, Y; Liu, C; Pan, B; Sun, J; Wang, F; Wang, Y; Xu, J; Zeng, Q; Zhao, M; Zhao, X; Zheng, J; Zheng, L | 1 |
| Chen, B; Fu, Q; Wei, S; Xiong, X; Xu, X; Yang, S; Zhou, J | 1 |
| Anand, N; Chandana, KA; Chidambaram, SB; Kalyan, M; Kanna, PV; Mahalakshmi, AM; Pandi-Perumal, SR; Praveenraj, SS; Sakharkar, MK; Shasthara, P; Sonali, S; Tousif, HA; Vichitra, C; Yang, J | 1 |
| Cao, Y; Chang, X; Dai, Y; Guo, J; Liang, W; Lu, D; Lv, S; Qi, X; Wang, Z; Wu, C; Zhang, J; Zhang, L; Zhou, Z | 1 |
| de Oliveira Otto, MC; Fretts, A; Hazen, SL; Lai, HTM; Lee, Y; Lemaitre, RN; Li, XS; Lopez, O; Mozaffarian, D; Nemet, I; Newman, AB; Siscovick, DS; Tang, WHW; Wang, M; Wang, Z | 1 |
| Ding, R; Liu, J; Yang, N | 1 |
| Alonso-Gómez, ÁM; Babio, N; Basterra-Gortari, J; Bernal-López, RM; Bueno-Cavanillas, A; Chaplin, A; Concejo, MJ; Corella, D; Daimiel, L; Díez-Ricote, L; Estruch, R; Gaforio, JJ; García Rodríguez, A; García-Gavilán, JF; García-Ríos, A; Gasulla, G; Goday, A; Gómez-Bellvert, N; Goñi Ochandorena, E; Herraiz, X; Lapetra, J; López-Miranda, J; Malcampo, M; Martín Sánchez, V; Martínez, JA; Martínez-González, MÁ; Martínez-Urbistondo, D; Mas Fontao, S; Matía-Martín, P; Micó, V; Murphy, M; Ordovás, JM; Ortega-Azorín, C; Pintó, X; Romaguera, D; Ros, E; Salas-Salvadó, J; Salaverria-Lete, I; San-Cristobal, R; Santos-Lozano, JM; Serra-Majem, L; Sorlí, JV; Tinahones, FJ; Tojal-Sierra, L; Tur, JA; Vázquez-Ruiz, Z; Vidal, J; Vioque, J; Wärnberg, J | 1 |
| Li, J; Liu, L; Wang, G; Xue, H; Zeng, Y; Zuo, W | 1 |
| Gu, S; Liu, D; Ma, Z; Zhou, Z; Zuo, H | 1 |
| Arabpour, Z; Hasani, M; Khodabakhshi, A; Monfared, V; Vahid, F | 1 |
| Akhlaghi, M; Asadi, A; Lotfi, K; Mirzaei, S; Poursalehi, D; Saneei, P | 1 |
| Arthurs, AL; Jankovic-Karasoulos, T; Roberts, CT; Smith, MD; Williamson, JM | 1 |
| France, TL; Frost, IR; Javaid, A; McFadden, JW; Myers, WA | 1 |
| Blanco, R; Daimiel, L; Dávalos, A; Díez-Ricote, L; Micó, V; Ordovás, JM; Ruiz-Valderrey, P; Tomé-Carneiro, J | 1 |
| Dhaouadi, H; Halila, S; Khiari, R; Mauret, E; Mnasri, A | 1 |
| Li, R; Liu, R; Wan, Z; Wang, G; Yu, Z; Zhang, Y; Zhang, Z | 1 |
| Bernhard, W; Böckmann, KA; Franz, AR; Minarski, M; Poets, CF; Shunova, A; Wiechers, C | 2 |
| Arnold, CD; Beckner, AG; Bennett, BJ; Bragg, MG; Caswell, BL; DeBolt, MC; George, M; Maleta, KM; Oakes, LM; Prado, EL; Stewart, CP | 1 |
| Bakovic, M; Godfrey, H; Grant, CE; Kirby, G; Rankovic, A; Shoveller, AK; Verbrugghe, A | 1 |
| De Bacquer, D; Dimou, N; Godderis, L; Huybrechts, I; Indave Ruiz, BI; Katsikari, A; Van Puyvelde, H | 1 |
| Abbasi, MSP; Ardekani, AM; Gharebakhshi, F; Jafarzadeh, F; Manzouri, A; Nikrad, N; Tousi, AZ; Vahdat, S; Yazdani, Y | 1 |
| Alagawany, M; Azzam, MM; El-Rayes, TK; Jiang, S; Ragni, M; Saleh, AA; Zaghloul, S; Zaki, A | 1 |
| Brady, KM; Erdman, RA; Moyes, KM; Potts, SB; Scholte, CM; Sunny, NE | 1 |
| Hesselink, A; Johansson, I; Karlsson, T; Lindahl, B; Schneede, J; Ueland, PM; Winkvist, A | 1 |
| Ang, AF; Au, R; Auerbach, SH; Blusztajn, JK; Devine, SA; Jacques, PF; Liu, C; Liu, X; Massaro, J; Yuan, J | 1 |
| Gül, ET; Kılınç, G; Olgun, O; Sarmiento-García, A; Yıldız, A | 1 |
| Han, H; Liu, J; Liu, L; Meng, Z; Sun, Z; Tao, N; Yang, Q; Zheng, X | 1 |
| Chen, J; Gao, Z; Hickey, BL; Hooley, RJ; Li, Z; Raz, AAP; Tabaie, EZ; Wilson, EH; Zhong, W | 1 |
| Ardekani, AM; Farhangi, MA; Fayyazishishavan, E; Soleimani, E | 1 |
| Alegria-Lertxundi, I; Arroyo-Izaga, M; de Pancorbo, MM; Martín-Fernández-de-Labastida, S | 1 |
| Feiten, AF; Ittner, LM; Ke, YD; Sontag, E; Sontag, JM; Taleski, G; van Hummel, A | 1 |
| Bento, ES; Caetano, LC; Crispim, AC; Crispim, SMA; Porto, VA; Rocha, JR; Santana, AEG; Sobrinho, RR; Ursulino, JS | 1 |
| Ament, Z; Bevers, MB; Bhave, VM; Couch, CA; Garcia Guarniz, AL; Irvin, MR; Kijpaisalratana, N; Kimberly, WT | 1 |
| Carmichael, SL; Darling, AM; Desrosiers, TA; Nestoridi, E; Parker, SE; Petersen, JM; Politis, MD; Shaw, GM; Smith-Webb, RS; Werler, MM; Yazdy, MM | 1 |
| Du, YF; Gong, XL; Shi, HF; Wang, XL; Wei, Y; Wu, TC; Zhao, YY | 1 |
| Bernhard, W; Böckmann, KA; Franz, AR; Heinrich, C; Maas, C; Minarski, M; Poets, CF; Shunova, A | 1 |
33 review(s) available for betaine and choline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Role of organic osmolytes in adaptation of renal cells to high osmolality.
Topics: Aldehyde Reductase; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Kidney; Sodium Chloride; Sorbitol; Urea; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1991 |
Alleviation of dietary cirrhosis by betaine and other lipotropic agents.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Choline; Deficiency Diseases; Dietary Proteins; Liver Cirrhosis; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental; Male; Rats | 1969 |
Evidence for alternative pathways of methionine catabolism.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; Choline; Decarboxylation; Diet; Homocystinuria; Humans; Liver; Methionine; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Propionates; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sarcosine; Transaminases | 1984 |
Betaine, metabolic by-product or vital methylating agent?
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Diet; Ethanol; Homocysteine; Humans; Liver; Methionine; Methotrexate; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Tetrahydrofolates | 1983 |
Enhancement of tolerance of abiotic stress by metabolic engineering of betaines and other compatible solutes.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Choline; Fructans; Genetic Engineering; Glycine; Mannitol; Oxidative Stress; Plants; Plants, Genetically Modified; Proline; Sorbitol; Stress, Mechanical; Trehalose | 2002 |
Nutritional modulation of immune function in broilers.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Chick Embryo; Chickens; Choline; Immunity; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Vitamins | 2004 |
Effects of betaine intake on plasma homocysteine concentrations and consequences for health.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Lipids | 2005 |
Effects of alcohol on folate metabolism: implications for carcinogenesis.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Availability; Central Nervous System Depressants; Choline; Ethanol; Folic Acid; Humans; Neoplasms | 2005 |
Choline: an important micronutrient for maximal endurance-exercise performance?
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Exercise; Humans; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutritional Requirements; Physical Endurance | 2008 |
Choline and betaine in health and disease.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Disease; Eating; Health; Humans; Models, Biological; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2011 |
Metabolic crosstalk between choline/1-carbon metabolism and energy homeostasis.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Energy Metabolism; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mitochondria; Obesity; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase | 2013 |
The nutritional burden of methylation reactions.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Creatine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Methionine; Methylation; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylcholines | 2013 |
Homeostasis and catabolism of choline and glycine betaine: lessons from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glycine; Homeostasis; Nitrogen; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Stress, Physiological; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2013 |
The metabolic burden of methyl donor deficiency with focus on the betaine homocysteine methyltransferase pathway.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Fasting; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Liver; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methionine; Muscular Diseases; S-Adenosylmethionine | 2013 |
New aspects on the metabolic role of intestinal microbiota in the development of atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Methylamines; Microbiota; Phosphatidylcholines | 2015 |
The dynamics of methionine supply and demand during early development.
Topics: Betaine; Child Development; Choline; Creatine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Infant Formula; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methionine; Phosphatidylcholines | 2016 |
Choline and betaine consumption lowers cancer risk: a meta-analysis of epidemiologic studies.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Risk | 2016 |
Choline, Other Methyl-Donors and Epigenetics.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Inhibitor Proteins; Diet; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Gene Expression Regulation; Histones; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Meta-Analysis as Topic; Mice; Models, Animal; Phenotype; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine | 2017 |
[Research advances in the association between maternal intake of methyl donor nutrients during pregnancy and DNA methylation in offspring].
Topics: Betaine; Choline; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methionine; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12 | 2017 |
Dietary Choline and Betaine and Risk of CVD: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk; Risk Factors | 2017 |
Association of choline and betaine levels with cancer incidence and survival: A meta-analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Diet; Humans; Incidence; Neoplasms; Survival Analysis | 2019 |
Choline and choline-related nutrients in regular and preterm infant growth.
Topics: Betaine; Child Development; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Low Birth Weight; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Milk, Human; Phosphatidylcholines; Pregnancy; Sphingomyelins | 2019 |
Dietary Choline Intake: Current State of Knowledge Across the Life Cycle.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Eating; Human Development; Humans; Infant; Milk, Human; Nutritional Requirements; Phospholipids | 2018 |
One-Carbon Metabolism and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: The Crosstalk between Nutrients, Microbiota, and Genetics.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Disease Progression; Female; Folic Acid; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Methionine; Microbiota; Models, Genetic; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Nutrients; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Risk | 2020 |
Vitamin B Supplementation and Nutritional Intake of Methyl Donors in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease: A Critical Review of the Impact on Epigenetic Machinery.
Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Eating; Epigenesis, Genetic; Folic Acid; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Methionine; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Uremia; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2020 |
Dietary bioactive ingredients to modulate the gut microbiota-derived metabolite TMAO. New opportunities for functional food development.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Availability; Carnitine; Choline; Diet; Food Ingredients; Functional Food; Gastrointestinal Absorption; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gastrointestinal Tract; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Liver; Methylamines; Oxygenases | 2020 |
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; Melatonin; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Meniscectomy; Menisci, Tibial; Mephenytoin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metal Nanoparticles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Video; Microtubules; Microvascular Density; Microwaves; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Morus; Mouth Floor; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Naphthols; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Neisseria meningitidis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neural Stem Cells; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; New York; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Nitriles; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; North America; Observer Variation; Occupational Exposure; Ochrobactrum; Oils, Volatile; Olea; Oligosaccharides; Omeprazole; Open Field Test; Optimism; Oregon; Oryzias; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxadiazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Ozone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pakistan; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient-Centered Care; Pelargonium; Peptides; Perception; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Peroxides; Pets; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phylogeny; Phytoestrogens; Pilot Projects; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea | 2022 |
Methionine Nutrition and Metabolism: Insights from Animal Studies to Inform Human Nutrition.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Creatine; Cysteine; Diet; Folic Acid; Glutathione; Homocysteine; Humans; Methionine; Methylation; Models, Animal; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylcholines; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sulfur | 2020 |
The Role of a Gut Microbial-Derived Metabolite, Trimethylamine N-Oxide (TMAO), in Neurological Disorders.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Flavins; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Inflammasomes; Lyases; Methylamines; Mixed Function Oxygenases; Nervous System Diseases; NF-kappa B; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein | 2022 |
Association between Levels of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Female; Humans; Neoplasms; Risk Factors | 2023 |
High Folate, Perturbed One-Carbon Metabolism and Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Micronutrients; Neural Tube Defects; Pregnancy; Thymidylate Synthase; Vitamin B 12 | 2022 |
The association between dietary intakes of methionine, choline and betaine and breast cancer risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Choline; Eating; Female; Humans; Methionine; Prospective Studies; Racemethionine | 2023 |
Association of choline and betaine with the risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: Meta-analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Humans; Observational Studies as Topic; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2023 |
46 trial(s) available for betaine and choline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Betaine as a determinant of postmethionine load total plasma homocysteine before and after B-vitamin supplementation.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Choline; Coronary Angiography; Dietary Supplements; Drug Administration Schedule; Fasting; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Sex Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex | 2004 |
Betaine concentration as a determinant of fasting total homocysteine concentrations and the effect of folic acid supplementation on betaine concentrations.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Fasting; Female; Folic Acid; Hematinics; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Middle Aged | 2005 |
Homocysteine remethylation in young broilers fed varying levels of methionine, choline, and betaine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Homocysteine; Methionine; Methylation | 2006 |
Homocysteine remethylation in broilers fed surfeit choline or betaine and varying levels and sources of methionine from eight to twenty-two days of age.
Topics: Aging; Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Homocysteine; Methionine; Methylation | 2006 |
The association of betaine, homocysteine and related metabolites with cognitive function in Dutch elderly people.
Topics: Aged; Attention; Betaine; Choline; Cognition; Double-Blind Method; Drug Combinations; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Memory; Neuropsychological Tests; Psychomotor Performance; Sarcosine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex | 2007 |
Betaine can partially spare choline in chicks but only when added to diets containing a minimal level of choline.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Nutritional Requirements; Weight Gain | 2007 |
Dietary and supplementary betaine: acute effects on plasma betaine and homocysteine concentrations under standard and postmethionine load conditions in healthy male subjects.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Adult; Analysis of Variance; Area Under Curve; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Sarcosine; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2008 |
Choline status is not a reliable indicator of moderate changes in dietary choline consumption in premenopausal women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Genotype; Humans; Liver Diseases; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylcholines; Premenopause; Sphingomyelins; Treatment Outcome | 2009 |
Dietary and supplementary betaine: effects on betaine and homocysteine concentrations in males.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Creatinine; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Lipids; Male; Sarcosine; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12; Young Adult | 2009 |
Choline intake and genetic polymorphisms influence choline metabolite concentrations in human breast milk and plasma.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Diet Records; Dietary Supplements; Female; Genotype; Humans; Lactation; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Milk, Human; Nutrition Policy; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Phosphorylcholine; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Young Adult | 2010 |
MTHFR C677T genotype influences the isotopic enrichment of one-carbon metabolites in folate-compromised men consuming d9-choline.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Deuterium; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid Deficiency; Genotype; Humans; Male; Methylation; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Mexican Americans; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Sarcosine; Staining and Labeling; Young Adult | 2011 |
Plasma choline depletion is associated with decreased peripheral blood leukocyte acetylcholine in children with cystic fibrosis.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adolescent; Betaine; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Cystic Fibrosis; Enzyme Replacement Therapy; Female; Humans; Leukocytes; Male; Methionine; Pancreatin; Sarcosine | 2011 |
Choline supplementation and measures of choline and betaine status: a randomised, controlled trial in postmenopausal women.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Dietary Supplements; Double-Blind Method; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Lipids; Middle Aged; Northern Ireland; Nutritional Status; Patient Compliance; Postmenopause | 2012 |
Methyl donors potentiates growth, metabolic status and neurotransmitter enzyme in Labeo rohita fingerlings exposed to endosulfan and temperature.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Cyprinidae; Diet; Endosulfan; Energy Metabolism; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutathione Transferase; Lecithins; Neurotransmitter Agents; Oxidoreductases; Temperature | 2012 |
Maternal choline intake modulates maternal and fetal biomarkers of choline metabolism in humans.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Humans; Methionine; Pregnancy; Sarcosine; Young Adult | 2012 |
Pregnancy alters choline dynamics: results of a randomized trial using stable isotope methodology in pregnant and nonpregnant women.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Deuterium; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Fetal Blood; Humans; Hydrolysis; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Third; Young Adult | 2013 |
Plasma choline, smoking, and long-term prognosis in patients with stable angina pectoris.
Topics: Aged; Angina, Stable; Betaine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Choline; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Vessels; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Smoking; Troponin T; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins | 2015 |
Egg n-3 fatty acid composition modulates biomarkers of choline metabolism in free-living lacto-ovo-vegetarian women of reproductive age.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; California; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Diet, Vegetarian; Eggs; Fatty Acids, Omega-3; Female; Humans; Juglans; Middle Aged; Nuts; Phosphatidylcholines; Single-Blind Method; Young Adult | 2014 |
Variation of betaine, N,N-dimethylglycine, choline, glycerophosphorylcholine, taurine and trimethylamine-N-oxide in the plasma and urine of overweight people with type 2 diabetes over a two-year period.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Overweight; Sarcosine; Taurine; Time Factors | 2015 |
Extreme urinary betaine losses in type 2 diabetes combined with bezafibrate treatment are associated with losses of dimethylglycine and choline but not with increased losses of other osmolytes.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Bezafibrate; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypolipidemic Agents; Inositol; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Taurine; Young Adult | 2014 |
Postprandial plasma betaine and other methyl donor-related responses after consumption of minimally processed wheat bran or wheat aleurone, or wheat aleurone incorporated into bread.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Bread; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Fiber; Female; Folic Acid; Food Handling; Humans; Male; Postprandial Period; Sarcosine; Seeds; Triticum | 2015 |
Probiotic supplementation and trimethylamine-N-oxide production following a high-fat diet.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Fasting; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Probiotics; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2015 |
Krill oil reduces plasma triacylglycerol level and improves related lipoprotein particle concentration, fatty acid composition and redox status in healthy young adults - a pilot study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chylomicrons; Cytokines; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Eicosapentaenoic Acid; Erythrocytes; Euphausiacea; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Female; Humans; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Male; Methylamines; Particle Size; Pilot Projects; Triglycerides | 2015 |
Supplementation with Folic Acid, but Not Creatine, Increases Plasma Betaine, Decreases Plasma Dimethylglycine, and Prevents a Decrease in Plasma Choline in Arsenic-Exposed Bangladeshi Adults.
Topics: Adult; Arsenic; Bangladesh; Betaine; Choline; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Environmental Exposure; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin B Complex; Young Adult | 2016 |
The effect of dietary supplementation with rumen-protected methionine alone or in combination with rumen-protected choline and betaine on sheep milk and antioxidant capacity.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Female; Lactation; Methionine; Milk; Pregnancy; Rumen; Sheep | 2017 |
Genetic impairments in folate enzymes increase dependence on dietary choline for phosphatidylcholine production at the expense of betaine synthesis.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Genotype; Humans; Lactation; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Phosphatidylcholines; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide | 2016 |
Plasma Metabolites From Choline Pathway and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the PREDIMED (Prevention With Mediterranean Diet) Study.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Diet, Mediterranean; Female; Humans; Incidence; Male; Metabolomics; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Phospholipid Ethers; Phosphorylcholine; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Spain; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Time Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2017 |
Maternal methyl donor supplementation during gestation counteracts bisphenol A-induced oxidative stress in sows and offspring.
Topics: Actins; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Benzhydryl Compounds; Betaine; Catalase; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Glutathione Peroxidase; Glutathione Peroxidase GPX1; Homocysteine; Malondialdehyde; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Oxidative Stress; Phenols; Placenta; Pregnancy; Superoxide Dismutase; Swine; Vitamin B 12 | 2018 |
Plasma Betaine Is Positively Associated with Developmental Outcomes in Healthy Toddlers at Age 2 Years Who Are Not Meeting the Recommended Adequate Intake for Dietary Choline.
Topics: Betaine; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Choline; Diet; Double-Blind Method; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Recommended Dietary Allowances; Sarcosine | 2018 |
A Mediterranean diet does not alter plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations in healthy adults at risk for colon cancer.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Bacteria; Betaine; Choline; Colonic Neoplasms; Diet, Mediterranean; Fasting; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged | 2019 |
Natural Choline from Egg Yolk Phospholipids Is More Efficiently Absorbed Compared with Choline Bitartrate; Outcomes of A Randomized Trial in Healthy Adults.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Egg Yolk; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Phospholipids; Sarcosine | 2019 |
Impact of the MTHFR C677T polymorphism on one-carbon metabolites: Evidence from a randomised trial of riboflavin supplementation.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Mutation; Polymorphism, Genetic; Riboflavin | 2020 |
Whole egg consumption increases plasma choline and betaine without affecting TMAO levels or gut microbiome in overweight postmenopausal women.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Diet; Eggs; Feces; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Postmenopause | 2020 |
Topics: 3T3-L1 Cells; A Kinase Anchor Proteins; Acetates; Achilles Tendon; Acute Kidney Injury; Acute Pain; Acyclic Monoterpenes; Adenine Nucleotides; Adhesins, Escherichia coli; Adipocytes; Adipocytes, Brown; Adipogenesis; Administration, Inhalation; Administration, Oral; Adrenal Cortex Hormones; Adsorption; Adult; Aeromonas hydrophila; Africa; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Agrobacterium tumefaciens; Air; Air Pollutants; Air Pollution; Air Pollution, Indoor; Algorithms; Alkaloids; Alkynes; Allosteric Regulation; Amines; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Aminoisobutyric Acids; Aminopyridines; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Anaerobic Threshold; Angiography; Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers; Angiotensin Receptor Antagonists; Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors; Animal Distribution; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Ankle Joint; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Anti-HIV Agents; Anti-Inflammatory Agents; Antibodies, Bacterial; Antifungal Agents; Antimalarials; Antineoplastic Agents; Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic; Antioxidants; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Antiviral Agents; Aotidae; Apelin; Apoptosis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Argentina; Arginine; Artemisinins; Arthritis, Experimental; Arthritis, Rheumatoid; Arthroscopy; Aspergillus; Aspergillus niger; Asteraceae; Asthma; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1; ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2; Auditory Cortex; Autoantibodies; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial Infections; Bacterial Proteins; Bacterial Typing Techniques; Base Composition; Base Sequence; Basketball; Beclin-1; Benzhydryl Compounds; Benzimidazoles; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzofurans; Benzoxazines; Bereavement; beta Catenin; beta-Lactamase Inhibitors; beta-Lactamases; beta-Lactams; Betacoronavirus; Betaine; Binding Sites; Biofilms; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Biological Evolution; Biomarkers; Biomechanical Phenomena; Biopolymers; Biopsy; Bismuth; Blood Glucose; Blood Platelets; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Weight; Bone Marrow; Bone Marrow Cells; Bone Regeneration; Boron; Botrytis; Brain Ischemia; Brain Neoplasms; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Brazil; Breast Neoplasms; Breath Tests; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid; Burkholderia; C-Reactive Protein; Caenorhabditis elegans; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins; Calcification, Physiologic; Calcium; Calcium Signaling; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Cameroon; Camptothecin; Candida; Candida albicans; Capillaries; Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae; Carbapenems; Carbohydrate Conformation; Carbon; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Carcinoma, Ovarian Epithelial; Cardiac Output; Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic; Cardiotonic Agents; Cardiovascular Diseases; Caregivers; Carps; Case-Control Studies; Catalase; Catalysis; Cats; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cell Culture Techniques; Cell Differentiation; Cell Line, Tumor; Cell Membrane; Cell Movement; Cell Proliferation; Cell Survival; Cells, Cultured; Cellulose; Centrosome; Ceratopogonidae; Chickens; Child; China; Cholera Toxin; Choline; Cholinesterases; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Liquid; Chromatography, Micellar Electrokinetic Capillary; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase; Chronic Disease; Cinnamates; Cities; Citrates; Climate Change; Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic; Coal; Coal Mining; Cohort Studies; Coinfection; Colchicine; Colony Count, Microbial; Colorectal Neoplasms; Coloring Agents; Common Cold; Complement Factor H; Computational Biology; Computer Simulation; Continuous Positive Airway Pressure; Contrast Media; Coordination Complexes; Coronary Artery Bypass; Coronavirus 3C Proteases; Coronavirus Infections; Coronavirus Protease Inhibitors; Corynebacterium glutamicum; Cosmetics; COVID-19; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Crotonates; Crystallography, X-Ray; Cues; Culicidae; Culture Media; Curcuma; Cyclopentanes; Cyclopropanes; Cymbopogon; Cystine; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B6; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2C19 Inhibitors; Cytokines; Databases, Genetic; Death; Dendritic Cells; Density Functional Theory; Depsides; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diamond; Diarylheptanoids; Dibenzofurans; Dibenzofurans, Polychlorinated; Diclofenac; Diet; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Supplements; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Dioxins; Diphenylamine; Disease Outbreaks; Disease Susceptibility; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Dizocilpine Maleate; DNA Methylation; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA, Bacterial; Dogs; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Double-Blind Method; Doublecortin Protein; Drosophila melanogaster; Droughts; Drug Carriers; Drug Combinations; Drug Delivery Systems; Drug Liberation; Drug Resistance; Drug Resistance, Bacterial; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm; Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor; Dust; Dynactin Complex; Dysferlin; Echo-Planar Imaging; Echocardiography; Edaravone; Egypt; Elasticity; Electrodes; Electrolytes; Emodin; Emtricitabine; Endometriosis; Endothelium, Vascular; Endotoxins; Energy Metabolism; Energy Transfer; Enterobacteriaceae; Enterococcus faecalis; Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli; Environmental Monitoring; Enzyme Inhibitors; Epidemiologic Factors; Epigenesis, Genetic; Erythrocytes; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Escherichia coli Vaccines; Esophageal Neoplasms; Esophagectomy; Esophagogastric Junction; Esterases; Esterification; Ethanol; Ethiopia; Ethnicity; Eucalyptus; Evidence-Based Practice; Exercise; Exercise Tolerance; Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation; Family; Fatty Acids; Feedback; Female; Ferric Compounds; Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products; Filtration; Fish Diseases; Flavonoids; Flavonols; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Follow-Up Studies; Food Microbiology; Food Preservation; Forests; Fossils; Free Radical Scavengers; Freund's Adjuvant; Fruit; Fungi; Gallium; Gender Identity; Gene Expression Regulation; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Gene Knockdown Techniques; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Plant; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Genitalia; Genotype; Glomerulonephritis, IGA; Glottis; Glucocorticoids; Glucose; Glucuronides; Glutathione Transferase; Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 beta; Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections; Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections; Grassland; Guinea Pigs; Half-Life; Head Kidney; Heart Atria; Heart Rate; Heart Septum; HEK293 Cells; Hematopoietic Stem Cells; Hemodynamics; Hep G2 Cells; Hepacivirus; Hepatitis C; Hepatitis C, Chronic; Hepatocytes; Hesperidin; High-Frequency Ventilation; High-Temperature Requirement A Serine Peptidase 1; Hippocampus; Hirudins; History, 20th Century; History, 21st Century; HIV Infections; Homeostasis; Hominidae; Housing, Animal; Humans; Hydrocarbons, Brominated; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxybutyrates; Hydroxyl Radical; Hypertension; Hypothyroidism; Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted; Immunoconjugates; Immunogenic Cell Death; Indoles; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery; Inflammation; Inflammation Mediators; Infrared Rays; Inhibitory Concentration 50; Injections, Intravenous; Interferon-gamma; Interleukin-23; Interleukin-4; Interleukin-6; Intermediate Filaments; Intermittent Claudication; Intestine, Small; Iridoid Glucosides; Iridoids; Iron; Isomerism; Isotope Labeling; Isoxazoles; Itraconazole; Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1; Ketoprofen; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Kinetics; Klebsiella pneumoniae; Lactams, Macrocyclic; Lactobacillus; Lactulose; Lakes; Lamivudine; Laparoscopy; Laparotomy; Laryngoscopy; Leucine; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Lipid A; Lipopolysaccharides; Listeria monocytogenes; Liver; Liver Cirrhosis; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Losartan; Low Back Pain; Lung; Lupinus; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Machine Learning; Macular Degeneration; Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells; Magnetic Phenomena; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Malaria, Falciparum; Male; Mannans; MAP Kinase Signaling System; Mass Spectrometry; Melatonin; Membrane Glycoproteins; Membrane Proteins; Meniscectomy; Menisci, Tibial; Mephenytoin; Mesenchymal Stem Cells; Metal Nanoparticles; Metal-Organic Frameworks; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mice, Nude; Mice, Obese; Mice, Transgenic; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Microcirculation; MicroRNAs; Microscopy, Video; Microtubules; Microvascular Density; Microwaves; Middle Aged; Minimally Invasive Surgical Procedures; Models, Animal; Models, Biological; Models, Molecular; Models, Theoretical; Molecular Docking Simulation; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Morus; Mouth Floor; Multicenter Studies as Topic; Multiple Sclerosis; Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardial Ischemia; Myocardium; NAD; NADP; Nanocomposites; Nanoparticles; Naphthols; Nasal Lavage Fluid; Nasal Mucosa; Neisseria meningitidis; Neoadjuvant Therapy; Neoplasm Invasiveness; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local; Neoplasms, Experimental; Neural Stem Cells; Neuroblastoma; Neurofilament Proteins; Neurogenesis; Neurons; New York; NF-E2-Related Factor 2; NF-kappa B; Nicotine; Nitriles; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Fixation; North America; Observer Variation; Occupational Exposure; Ochrobactrum; Oils, Volatile; Olea; Oligosaccharides; Omeprazole; Open Field Test; Optimism; Oregon; Oryzias; Osmolar Concentration; Osteoarthritis; Osteoblasts; Osteogenesis; Ovarian Neoplasms; Ovariectomy; Oxadiazoles; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Oxygen; Ozone; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases; Pakistan; Pandemics; Particle Size; Particulate Matter; Patient-Centered Care; Pelargonium; Peptides; Perception; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Peroxides; Pets; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Pharmacogenetics; Phenobarbital; Phenols; Phenotype; Phosphates; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phosphines; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylation; Photoacoustic Techniques; Photochemotherapy; Photosensitizing Agents; Phylogeny; Phytoestrogens; Pilot Projects; Plant Components, Aerial; Plant Extracts; Plant Immunity; Plant Leaves; Plant Oils; Plants, Medicinal; Plasmodium berghei; Plasmodium falciparum; Platelet Activation; Platelet Function Tests; Pneumonia, Viral; Poaceae; Pogostemon; Poloxamer; Poly I; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins; Polycyclic Compounds; Polyethylene Glycols; Polylysine; Polymorphism, Genetic; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Population Dynamics; Portasystemic Shunt, Transjugular Intrahepatic; Positron Emission Tomography Computed Tomography; Postoperative Complications; Postprandial Period; Potassium Cyanide; Predictive Value of Tests; Prefrontal Cortex; Pregnancy; Prepulse Inhibition; Prevalence; Procalcitonin; Prodrugs; Prognosis; Progression-Free Survival; Proline; Proof of Concept Study; Prospective Studies; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Protein Domains; Protein Folding; Protein Multimerization; Protein Sorting Signals; Protein Structure, Secondary; Proton Pump Inhibitors; Protozoan Proteins; Psychometrics; Pulse Wave Analysis; Pyridines; Pyrrolidines; Quality of Life; Quantum Dots; Quinoxalines; Quorum Sensing; Radiopharmaceuticals; Rain; Random Allocation; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Rats, Wistar; RAW 264.7 Cells; Reactive Oxygen Species; Receptor, Angiotensin, Type 1; Receptor, PAR-1; Receptors, CXCR4; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Glucocorticoid; Receptors, Interleukin-1; Receptors, Interleukin-17; Receptors, Notch; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Reducing Agents; Reflex, Startle; Regional Blood Flow; Regression Analysis; Reperfusion Injury; Reproducibility of Results; Republic of Korea; Respiratory Tract Diseases; Retrospective Studies; Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors; Rhinitis, Allergic; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Rituximab; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; ROC Curve; Rosmarinic Acid; Running; Ruthenium; Rutin; Sarcolemma; Sarcoma; Sarcopenia; Sarcoplasmic Reticulum; SARS-CoV-2; Scavenger Receptors, Class A; Schools; Seasons; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Severity of Illness Index; Sex Factors; Shock, Cardiogenic; Short Chain Dehydrogenase-Reductases; Signal Transduction; Silver; Singlet Oxygen; Sinusitis; Skin; Skin Absorption; Small Molecule Libraries; Smoke; Socioeconomic Factors; Soil; Soil Microbiology; Solid Phase Extraction; Solubility; Solvents; Spain; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared; Speech; Speech Perception; Spindle Poles; Spleen; Sporothrix; Staphylococcal Infections; Staphylococcus aureus; Stereoisomerism; Stomach Neoplasms; Stress, Physiological; Stroke Volume; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity; Sulfonamides; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents; Surveys and Questionnaires; Survival Rate; T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Temperature; Tenofovir; Terpenes; Tetracycline; Tetrapleura; Textiles; Thermodynamics; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances; Thrombin; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroid Neoplasms; Tibial Meniscus Injuries; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Titanium; Toluidines; Tomography, X-Ray Computed; Tooth; Tramadol; Transcription Factor AP-1; Transcription, Genetic; Transfection; Transgender Persons; Translations; Treatment Outcome; Triglycerides; Ubiquinone; Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases; United Kingdom; United States; Up-Regulation; Vascular Stiffness; Veins; Ventricular Remodeling; Viral Load; Virulence Factors; Virus Replication; Vitis; Voice; Voice Quality; Wastewater; Water; Water Pollutants, Chemical; Water-Electrolyte Balance; Weather; Wildfires; Wnt Signaling Pathway; Wound Healing; X-Ray Diffraction; Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays; Young Adult; Zoogloea | 2022 |
Betaine and choline status modify the effects of folic acid and creatine supplementation on arsenic methylation in a randomized controlled trial of Bangladeshi adults.
Topics: Adult; Arsenic; Betaine; Choline; Creatine; Dietary Supplements; Environmental Exposure; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Methylation | 2021 |
Metabolites and diabetes remission after weight loss.
Topics: Amino Acids, Branched-Chain; Bariatric Surgery; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity, Morbid; Remission Induction; Treatment Outcome; Tyrosine; Weight Loss | 2021 |
Two methods for assessment of choline status in a randomized crossover study with varying dietary choline intake in people: isotope dilution MS of plasma and in vivo single-voxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy of liver.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Double-Blind Method; Humans; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Imaging | 2021 |
Responsiveness of one-carbon metabolites to a high-protein diet in older men: Results from a 10-wk randomized controlled trial.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Diet; Diet, High-Protein; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Vitamin B Complex | 2021 |
Nutritional supplementation alters associations between one-carbon metabolites and cardiometabolic risk profiles in older adults: a secondary analysis of the Vienna Active Ageing Study.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Betaine; Carbon; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Male | 2022 |
Differential metabolism of choline supplements in adult volunteers.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Humans; Male; Prospective Studies; Volunteers | 2022 |
One-year longitudinal association between changes in dietary choline or betaine intake and cardiometabolic variables in the PREvención con DIeta MEDiterránea-Plus (PREDIMED-Plus) trial.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Diet, Mediterranean; Female; Humans; Male; Mediterranea; Middle Aged; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Choline supplementation for preterm infants: metabolism of four Deuterium-labeled choline compounds.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Deuterium; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids, Unsaturated; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Phosphatidylcholines; Prospective Studies | 2023 |
Different choline supplement metabolism in adults using deuterium labelling.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Over Studies; Deuterium; Fatty Acids; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Prospective Studies | 2023 |
Rumen-protected choline and methionine during the periparturient period affect choline metabolites, amino acids, and hepatic expression of genes associated with one-carbon and lipid metabolism.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Lactation; Lecithins; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Methionine; Milk; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Racemethionine | 2023 |
Does the addition of choline and/or betaine to diets reduce the methionine requirements of laying quails? Assessment of performance and egg antioxidant capacity.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Antioxidants; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Coturnix; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Methionine; Ovum; Quail; Racemethionine | 2023 |
Choline and Betaine Levels in Plasma Mirror Choline Intake in Very Preterm Infants.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Female; Humans; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infant, Premature, Diseases; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Lecithins; Milk, Human; Placenta; Pregnancy | 2023 |
611 other study(ies) available for betaine and choline
| Article | Year |
|---|---|
Functional characteristics and tissue distribution pattern of organic cation transporter 2 (OCTN2), an organic cation/carnitine transporter.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Animals; Biological Transport, Active; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Humans; In Situ Hybridization; Kidney; Membrane Proteins; Mice; Myocardium; Organ Specificity; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Placenta; Rats; RNA, Messenger; Solute Carrier Family 22 Member 5; Tetraethylammonium | 1999 |
Molecular and functional characterization of organic cation/carnitine transporter family in mice.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Animals; Base Sequence; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; DNA, Complementary; Humans; Membrane Proteins; Membrane Transport Proteins; Mice; Molecular Sequence Data; Organic Cation Transport Proteins; Recombinant Proteins; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Symporters | 2000 |
Structures of the substrate-binding protein provide insights into the multiple compatible solute binding specificities of the Bacillus subtilis ABC transporter OpuC.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Crystallography, X-Ray; Mutation; Protein Binding; Substrate Specificity | 2011 |
Hepatocarcinogenesis by diethylnitrosamine in rats fed high dietary levels of lipotropes.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carcinogens; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Choline; Diet; Ethanolamines; Folic Acid; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Methionine; Methotrexate; Neoplasms, Experimental; Nitrosamines; Organ Size; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rats; Vitamin B 12 | 1975 |
Oxidative pathway of choline to betaine in the soluble fraction prepared from Arthrobacter globiformis.
Topics: Aldehydes; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Catalase; Choline; Cytosol; Glucose; Hydrogen Peroxide; NAD; Oxygen Consumption | 1977 |
Plasmodium knowlesi: in vitro biosynthesis of methionine and thymidylic acid.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Erythrocytes; Folic Acid; Formaldehyde; Formyltetrahydrofolates; Haplorhini; Histidine; Homocysteine; Macaca mulatta; Methionine; Plasmodium; Sarcosine; Serine; Thymidine Monophosphate; Thymine Nucleotides | 1977 |
Introduction of methyl groups from epsilon-N-methyllysine into the one-carbon pool.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Chickens; Choline; Liver; Lysine; Methylation; Tissue Distribution | 1979 |
[Methyls of biological importance].
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Dealkylation; Homocysteine; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Methane; Methionine; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines | 1979 |
Sulfur amino acid and methyl donor status of corn-soy diets fed to starting broiler chicks and turkey poults.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animal Feed; Animals; Arginine; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Cystine; Formates; Glycine max; Methionine; Serine; Sodium; Turkeys; Zea mays | 1979 |
Anti-benzene compounds. Conversion of benzene to toluene by methyl donors, in man.
Topics: Benzene; Betaine; Blood; Choline; Cysteine; Humans; Methylation | 1977 |
Enzymatic determination of phospholipase D activity with choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Brassica; Choline; Methods; Phospholipases | 1978 |
Conversion of benezene to toluene by methyl donors in man.
Topics: Benzene; Betaine; Choline; Cysteine; Methionine; Methylation; Toluene | 1978 |
The choline requirement of broiler chicks during the seventh week of life.
Topics: Age Factors; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Cystine; Female; Male; Methionine; Nutritional Requirements | 1976 |
Ultrasensitive chemosensory responses by a protozoan to epinephrine and other neurochemicals.
Topics: 5-Hydroxytryptophan; Animals; Betaine; Carbachol; Chemoreceptor Cells; Chemotaxis; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Epinephrine; Eukaryota; Glutamates; Glycine; Norepinephrine; Phenylalanine; Putrescine; Serotonin; Taurine; Tryptophan | 1975 |
Metabolism of acetylcholine in the nervous system of Aplysia californica. III. Studies of an indentified cholinergic neuron.
Topics: Acetyl Coenzyme A; Acetylcholine; Animals; Betaine; Cell Fractionation; Centrifugation, Density Gradient; Choline; Chromatography, Gel; Ganglia; Half-Life; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Mollusca; Nervous System; Neurons; Parasympathetic Nervous System; Synaptic Vesicles | 1975 |
Control of choline oxidation by rat-liver mitochondria.
Topics: Acetoacetates; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Hydroxybutyrates; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Rotenone | 1975 |
Water-soluble phospholipid precursor pool-sizes in quick-frozen and unfrozen rat livers.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; Cytosine Nucleotides; Ethanolamines; Freezing; Liver; Male; Phospholipids; Rats; Solubility | 1975 |
Significance of choline synthesis in the oxidation of the methionine methyl group in rats.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; Choline; Ethylene Glycols; Liver; Male; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Phospholipids; Rats; Sarcosine | 1976 |
[Survival of Salmonella paratyphi B and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in seawater after incubation or washing in the presence of osmolytes].
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Osmotic Pressure; Proline; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Salmonella paratyphi B; Seawater; Water Microbiology | 1992 |
Efflux of choline and glycine betaine from osmoregulating cells of Escherichia coli.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Choline; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Kinetics; Mutation; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1992 |
Measurement of the formation of betaine aldehyde and betaine in rat liver mitochondria by a high pressure liquid chromatography-radioenzymatic assay.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; In Vitro Techniques; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solubility | 1992 |
Growth of Escherichia coli in human urine: role of salt tolerance and accumulation of glycine betaine.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Infections; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Urinary Tract Infections; Urine | 1992 |
Origins of the osmoprotective properties of betaine and proline in Escherichia coli K-12.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Cell Division; Choline; Culture Media; Cytoplasm; Escherichia coli; Glutamates; Models, Biological; Morpholines; Osmosis; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Trehalose | 1992 |
Staphylococcus aureus osmoregulation: roles for choline, glycine betaine, proline, and taurine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Choline; Potassium; Proline; Staphylococcus aureus; Taurine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1992 |
Inhibition of cell-cell adhesion and morphogenesis of Dictyostelium by carnitine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Carnitine O-Acetyltransferase; Cell Adhesion; Cell Communication; Choline; Dictyostelium; Edetic Acid; Membrane Glycoproteins; Morphogenesis | 1992 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa cholinesterase and phosphorylcholine phosphatase: two enzymes contributing to corneal infection.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylthiocholine; Betaine; Butyrylthiocholine; Choline; Cholinesterases; Corneal Diseases; Eye Infections, Bacterial; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Thiocholine; Type C Phospholipases | 1991 |
Changes in body-weight, composition and hepatic enzyme activities in response to dietary methionine, betaine and choline levels in growing chicks.
Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Body Composition; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Male; Methionine | 1990 |
Choline derivatives increase two different acid phosphatases in Rhizobium meliloti and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Atropine; Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Phosphorylcholine; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rhizobium; Sarcosine | 1990 |
Metabolites in the developing rat liver--a proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic study.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betaine; Choline; Female; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Lactates; Lactic Acid; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Taurine; Tissue Extracts; Weaning | 1991 |
Osmoregulation in Rhodobacter sphaeroides.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Osmolar Concentration; Rhodobacter sphaeroides; Sodium Chloride; Substrate Specificity; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1990 |
Uptake of glycine betaine and its analogues by bacteroids of Rhizobium meliloti.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Medicago sativa; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen Consumption; Proline; Rhizobium; Sodium Chloride | 1990 |
Effect of dimethylaminoethanol, an inhibitor of betaine production, on the disposition of choline in the rat kidney.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Deanol; Ethanolamines; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Male; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1990 |
Transmethylation of homocysteine to methionine: efficiency in the rat and chick.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Homocysteine; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Sarcosine; Tetrahydrofolates | 1985 |
Choline and betaine as inducer agents of Pseudomonas aeruginosa phospholipase C activity in high phosphate medium.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Betaine; Choline; Enzyme Induction; Phosphates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Type C Phospholipases | 1989 |
Conversion of choline to betaine in young rats: a 1H n.m.r. spectroscopic study.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Kidney; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats | 1989 |
Effect of choline on the morphology, growth and phospholipid composition of Fusarium graminearum.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Fusarium; Kinetics; Phospholipids | 1989 |
Head group specificity in the requirement of phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis for very low density lipoprotein secretion from cultured hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deanol; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Homocysteine; Lipoproteins; Lipoproteins, VLDL; Liver; Male; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Triglycerides | 1989 |
Protection against acute hyperammonemia: the role of quaternary amines.
Topics: Acetates; Ammonia; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Glutamates; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Male; Methylamines; Mice | 1988 |
Molecular cloning, physical mapping and expression of the bet genes governing the osmoregulatory choline-glycine betaine pathway of Escherichia coli.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes, Bacterial; Oxidoreductases; Salmonella typhimurium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1988 |
lac fusion analysis of the bet genes of Escherichia coli: regulation by osmolarity, temperature, oxygen, choline, and glycine betaine.
Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation; Genes; Genes, Bacterial; Genotype; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygen; Temperature | 1988 |
Metabolism of trimethylamines in kelp bass (Paralabrax clathratus) and marine and freshwater pink salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha).
Topics: Animals; Bass; Betaine; Choline; Dimethylamines; Liver; Methylamines; Muscles; Perciformes; Radioactive Tracers; Salmon; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1988 |
Osmotic control of glycine betaine biosynthesis and degradation in Rhizobium meliloti.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Culture Media; L-Serine Dehydratase; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Rhizobium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1988 |
Fewer metabolites of dietary choline reach the blood of rats after treatment with lithium.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Erythrocytes; Intestinal Mucosa; Lithium; Liver; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1988 |
Methionine metabolism in mammals. The methionine-sparing effect of cystine.
Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Cystathionine; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Cystine; Diet; Homocysteine; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; S-Adenosylmethionine | 1988 |
Choline-glycine betaine pathway confers a high level of osmotic tolerance in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Aerobiosis; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Anaerobiosis; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1986 |
Selection, mapping, and characterization of osmoregulatory mutants of Escherichia coli blocked in the choline-glycine betaine pathway.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Biological Transport; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Chromosome Deletion; Chromosome Mapping; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Mutation; Osmotic Pressure; Transduction, Genetic; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1986 |
Choline incorporation by Schistosoma mansoni: distribution of choline metabolites during development and after sexual differentiation.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; Female; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Schistosoma mansoni; Sex Differentiation | 1987 |
Amelioration of ethionine toxicity in the chick.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Ethionine; Female; Glycine; Male; Methionine; Poultry Diseases | 1987 |
Degradation of various amine compounds by mesophilic clostridia.
Topics: Amines; Betaine; Choline; Clostridium; Creatine; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Species Specificity | 1986 |
The osmoprotective properties of urine for bacteria: the protective effect of betaine and human urine against low pH and high concentrations of electrolytes, sugars, and urea.
Topics: Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betaine; Carbohydrates; Choline; Culture Media; Electrolytes; Enterobacter; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Klebsiella; Lactams; Male; Microbial Sensitivity Tests; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Serratia; Sodium Chloride; Urea; Urine | 1985 |
Ethanol, the choline requirement, methylation and liver injury.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Ethanol; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Liver; Methionine; Methylation; Rats; Tetrahydrofolates | 1985 |
Chemical and pharmacological evaluation of Banistereopsis argentea Spring ex Juss.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Anura; Betaine; Blood Pressure; Central Nervous System; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Hallucinogens; Heart; Histamine Release; Indoles; Intestines; Muscle, Smooth; Muscles; Plant Extracts; Plants; Pyridines; Rats; Respiration; Tryptamines | 1971 |
Folate deficiency and formiminoglutamic acid excretion during chronic diethylnitrosamine administration to rats.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carcinogens; Choline; Diet; Drinking; FIGLU Test; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glutamates; Histidine; Liver; Male; Methionine; Nitrosamines; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Transferases; Urocanate Hydratase; Vitamin B 12 | 1973 |
The uptake and metabolism of plasma lysophosphatidylcholine in vivo by the brain of squirrel monkeys.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acylation; Animals; Betaine; Brain; Brain Stem; Carbon Isotopes; Cerebral Cortex; Choline; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Haplorhini; Hydrolysis; Injections, Intravenous; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylcholines; Solubility; Tritium | 1972 |
Inability of rat-liver mitochondria to oxidize betaine aldehyde.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Hexokinase; Hydroxybutyrates; In Vitro Techniques; Liver; Mitochondria; NAD; Oxidoreductases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Spectrophotometry; Succinates | 1966 |
The effect of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and rotenone on the oxidation of choline by rat liver mitochondria.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Depression, Chemical; Feedback; Manometry; Mitochondria, Liver; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rotenone; Semicarbazides; Stimulation, Chemical | 1967 |
Biochemical studies on the teratogenic action of Bidrin and other neuroactive agents in developing hen eggs.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Acetates; Acetylcholine; Amides; Ammonium Chloride; Animals; Atropine; Betaine; Butyrates; Carbachol; Carbon Isotopes; Chick Embryo; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Decamethonium Compounds; Female; Hexamethonium Compounds; NAD; Nicotine; Ovum; Parasympatholytics; Phosphates; Physostigmine; Sulfanilamides; Triglycerides; Tubocurarine | 1968 |
The relation of carnitine to the formation of phosphatidyl-beta-methylcholine by Tenebrio molitor L. larvae.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Paper; Coleoptera; Diet; Fatty Acids; Lipid Metabolism; Oleic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Silicon Dioxide; Species Specificity | 1969 |
Effects of cations and organic compounds on inactivation of poliovirus with urea, guanidine, and heat.
Topics: Betaine; Chlorides; Choline; Culture Techniques; Guanidines; HeLa Cells; Hot Temperature; Methionine; Methods; Poliovirus; Urea | 1969 |
Choline oxidation and labile methyl groups in normal and choline-deficient rat liver.
Topics: Acetates; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehydes; Animals; Autoradiography; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Chromatography; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Mitochondria, Liver; NAD; Oxidoreductases; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats; S-Adenosylmethionine; Serotonin; Subcellular Fractions; Triglycerides; Tritium | 1972 |
Evidence for active transport of choline in rat kidney cortex slices.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carcinoma, Ehrlich Tumor; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Dinitrophenols; Ganglionic Blockers; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; Pyruvates; Rats; Subcellular Fractions | 1965 |
Formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine from naturally occurring quaternary ammonium compounds and tertiary amines.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amines; Betaine; Carnitine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Food-Processing Industry; Meat; Nitrites; Nitrosamines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1972 |
Thin-layer chromatography of quaternary ammonium salts on alumina layers.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Hexamethonium Compounds; Methods; Piperidines; Pyridinium Compounds; Pyrrolidines; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1972 |
Pathways for the incorporation of choline into rat liver phosphatidylcholines in vivo.
Topics: Ammonium Sulfate; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Kinetics; Lipids; Liver; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Rats; Time Factors | 1972 |
Studies on choline transport and metabolism in rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Filtration; In Vitro Techniques; Nerve Endings; Phosphatidylcholines; Physostigmine; Proteins; Rats; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Temperature; Time Factors; Vibration | 1972 |
The efflux of betaine from rat-liver mitochondria, a possible regulating step in choline oxidation.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Adenosine Diphosphate; Adenosine Monophosphate; Adenosine Triphosphate; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Magnesium; Membranes; Mitochondria, Liver; Nitrophenols; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphates; Potassium; Proteins; Rats | 1973 |
GABA uptake in rat brain slices: inhibition by GABA analogues and by various drugs.
Topics: Acetylation; Acylation; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Aspartic Acid; Betaine; Brain; Brain Chemistry; Chlorine; Choline; Esters; Fatty Acids; Fluorine; Glutamates; Glycine; Hydroxylation; Imidazoles; In Vitro Techniques; Methylation; Rats; Sulfur; Tritium; Valerates | 1973 |
The biosynthesis of phospholipids and their precursors in rat liver involving de novo methylation, and base-exchange pathways, in vivo.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Cytosine Nucleotides; Ethanolamines; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rats; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet; Time Factors; Tritium | 1973 |
Uncoupler-stimulated oxidation of choline by rat-liver mitochondria.
Topics: Adenine Nucleotides; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Dinitrophenols; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Liver; Mitochondria, Liver; Organomercury Compounds; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen Consumption; Rats; Stimulation, Chemical; Subcellular Fractions; Sucrose; Time Factors; Tritium; Uncoupling Agents | 1973 |
Biosynthesis of carnitine and 4-N-trimethylaminobutyrate from lysine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Butyrates; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Deamination; Deficiency Diseases; Hydroxylation; Lysine; Male; Methionine; Rats; Tritium | 1973 |
The need for dietary choline by young Japanese quail.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Coturnix; Diet; Ethanolamines; Female; Japan; Male; Nutritional Requirements; Poultry Diseases | 1973 |
Effect of nutrients on physiological properties of Clostridium botulinum type E.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Betaine; Cell Division; Choline; Clostridium; Clostridium botulinum; Culture Media; Lipase; Peptide Hydrolases; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipases; Toxins, Biological | 1967 |
Utilization of betaine aldehyde by choline (chol-) mutants of Neurospora crassa.
Topics: Agar; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehydes; Bacteriological Techniques; Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Genetics, Microbial; Mutation; Neurospora; Oxidoreductases | 1969 |
[The role of methionine in the metabolism of vitamin B 12- and methionine-dependent Escherichia coli strains].
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Betaine; Choline; Escherichia coli; Methionine; Vitamin B 12 | 1970 |
Evidence for an inducible active transport of carnitine in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Antimetabolites; Azides; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carnitine; Choline; Cyanides; Dinitrophenols; Edetic Acid; Glycine; Iodoacetates; Ouabain; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1967 |
[Inhibition of enzyme induction for oxidation of quaternary compounds by chloramphenicol in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Betaine; Buffers; Carnitine; Chloramphenicol; Choline; Enzyme Induction; Glucose; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spectrophotometry | 1966 |
[Damped oscillations in the synthesis of carnitine dehydrogenase by Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Enzyme Repression; Galactosidases; Glucose; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycine; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Oxidoreductases; Periodicity; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1967 |
[Repression of the malic enzyme by carnitine metabolite in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Acetates; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Enzyme Repression; Glucose; Glycine; Malate Dehydrogenase; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Spectrophotometry; Succinates | 1969 |
[Kinetics of active carnitine transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa].
Topics: Bacteriological Techniques; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Glucose; Glycine; Kinetics; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1970 |
Choline deficiency and synthesis of choline from precursors in mature Japanese quail.
Topics: Age Factors; Amino Alcohols; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Birds; Caseins; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Deanol; Dietary Proteins; Female; Fertility; Gelatin; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Liver; Nutritional Requirements; Organ Size; Ovulation; Ovum; Reproduction; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1972 |
The metabolite formed during choline transfer by the intestine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cricetinae; Electrophoresis; Hemicholinium 3; Intestinal Absorption | 1972 |
Renal tubular transport of choline: modifications caused by intrarenal metabolism.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Aminohippuric Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbon Isotopes; Chickens; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Creatinine; Dogs; Electrophoresis; Female; Kidney; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Renal Artery; Time Factors; Tritium; Ultracentrifugation | 1972 |
Ethanolamine phosphokinase: activity and properties during liver development.
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Amino Alcohols; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Gel; Cytosine Nucleotides; Enzyme Activation; Female; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Liver; Magnesium; Phosphoric Acids; Phosphotransferases; Rats | 1972 |
An improved method for separating the products of lecithin and lysolecithin catabolism.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, DEAE-Cellulose; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Lysophosphatidylcholines; Methods; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphoric Acids | 1972 |
The effect of methionine on folic acid and histidine metabolism in perfused rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Deficiency Diseases; Drug Synergism; Ethionine; Folic Acid; Formates; Glutamates; Histidine; Homocysteine; Liver; Male; Methionine; Oxidation-Reduction; Peptides; Perfusion; Rats; Tetrahydrofolates; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 1972 |
Metabolism and transfer of choline in hamster small intestine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Chromatography, Paper; Cricetinae; Depression, Chemical; Electrophoresis; Glycosides; Hemicholinium 3; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Intestine, Small | 1972 |
The measurement of nanogram amounts of acetylcholine in tissues by pyrolysis gas chromatography.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Acetates; Acetylcholine; Amino Alcohols; Aminobutyrates; Animals; Betaine; Brain Chemistry; Carbachol; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Methods; Microchemistry; Nitriles; Pyridinium Compounds; Rabbits; Rats; Solvents; Succinylcholine | 1972 |
Choline: high-affinity uptake by rat brain synaptosomes.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Basal Ganglia; Betaine; Brain Chemistry; Choline; Corpus Striatum; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Male; Nerve Endings; Ouabain; Phosphorus; Rats; Sodium; Synaptic Vesicles; Synaptosomes; Tritium | 1972 |
Relationship of arginine and methionine to creatine formation in chicks.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Arginine; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Creatine; Cystine; Deficiency Diseases; Depression, Chemical; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Glycine; Glycine max; Guanidines; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Muscles; Ornithine; Stimulation, Chemical; Urea; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Zea mays | 1971 |
Estimation of choline and betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase activities in rat liver mitochondria by three independent methods.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Methods; Mitochondria, Liver; Oxidoreductases; Rats | 1970 |
A method for the kinetic analysis of progress curves using horse serum cholinesterase as a model case.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animals; Betaine; Buffers; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Cholinesterases; Deanol; Enzymes; Feedback; Glycine; Histidine; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Mathematics; Methods; Osmolar Concentration; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sarcosine; Temperature; Thermodynamics | 1970 |
Choline and betaine aldehyde oxidation by rat liver mitochondria.
Topics: Aldehydes; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis; Membranes; Mitochondria; Mitochondria, Liver; Mitochondrial Swelling; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen Consumption; Rats | 1970 |
Solid state structure and chemistry of the choline halides and their analogues. Redetermination of the betaine hydrochloride structure, ((CH3)3NCH2COOH)+Cl-.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Crystallography | 1970 |
The effect of choline supplementation of diets for growing pullets and laying hens.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Female; Lipids; Liver; Male; Methionine; Nutritional Requirements; Ovulation; Poultry Diseases | 1971 |
Catabolism of betaine and its relationship to cobalamin overproduction.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Coenzyme A; Glycine; Homocysteine; Methionine; Methylation; Nucleosides; Porphyrins; Pseudomonas; S-Adenosylmethionine; Succinates; Sucrose; Vitamin B 12 | 1971 |
The incorporation of L-[Me-14C]methionine and [Me-3H]choline into lung phosphatides.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Female; Liver; Lung; Methionine; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rats; Time Factors; Tritium | 1968 |
Studies on halotolerance in a moderately halophilic bacterium. Effect of growth conditions on salt resistance of the respiratory system.
Topics: Bacteria; Betaine; Chloramphenicol; Choline; Culture Media; Oxygen Consumption; Sodium Chloride | 1968 |
Specificity of the stimulatory effect of betaine on the vitamin B12 fermentation.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Fermentation; Methionine; Pseudomonas; Stimulation, Chemical; Vitamin B 12 | 1968 |
Biosynthesis of betaine in Neurospora crassa.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Electrophoresis; Neurospora; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1968 |
Evidence for the existence of separate transport mechanisms for choline and betaine in rat kidney.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Biological Transport, Active; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Depression, Chemical; Kidney; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Sodium; Thiamine | 1969 |
Use of choline or betaine for fatty acid synthesis in a marine microbe.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography; Fatty Acids; Marine Biology | 1969 |
Carrier-mediated transport of choline into synaptic nerve endings.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Biphenyl Compounds; Brain; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Depression, Chemical; Guinea Pigs; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methods; Nerve Endings; Nucleotides; Phosphatidylcholines; Synapses; Temperature; Time Factors; Tritium | 1969 |
[Histochemical studies on demonstration of betainaldehyde dehydrogenase in mammals].
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Histocytochemistry; In Vitro Techniques; Oxidoreductases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats | 1965 |
Growth-promoting and lipotropic effect of carnitine in rats fed diets limited in protein and methionine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Growth; Homocysteine; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Male; Methionine; Protein Deficiency; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Threonine | 1965 |
Phosphatidylcholine synthesis in Agrobacterium tumefaciens. II. Uptake and utilization of choline.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; In Vitro Techniques; Methionine; Phosphatidylcholines; Rhizobium; Serine | 1965 |
[Urinary elimination of 17-ketosteroids in experimental steatosis due to cholesterin and in steatosis due to cholesterin treated with methylating substances, testosterone and vitamin E (experimental research)].
Topics: 17-Ketosteroids; Animals; Betaine; Cholesterol; Choline; Fatty Liver; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rabbits; Testosterone; Urine; Vitamin E | 1964 |
Alterations of methionine to cysteine conversion rates and nutritional muscular dystrophy in chicks.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Creatine; Cysteine; Guanidines; Methionine; Muscular Dystrophies; Poultry; Vitamin E Deficiency | 1966 |
[The "reequilibration" test and its use in the treatment of certain forms of cancer and other afflictions].
Topics: Adenosine Triphosphate; Asparagine; Betaine; Choline; Creatine; Cysteine; Deficiency Diseases; Electrophoresis; Elements; Glutamates; Histidine; Humans; Metabolic Diseases; Methionine; Neoplasms; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1966 |
Uncoupling effect of amino compounds on choline oxidation in vitro.
Topics: 1-Propanol; Amines; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Ethanol; Hydroxybutyrates; In Vitro Techniques; Mitochondria; Oxidoreductases; Oxygen Consumption; Succinates | 1966 |
Detoxication of dietary tannic acid by chicks.
Topics: Animals; Arginine; Betaine; Biotransformation; Birds; Body Weight; Choline; Diet; Methionine; Ornithine; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Tannins | 1967 |
Constituents from Gymnema sylvestre leaves. II. Nitrogenous compounds.
Topics: Adenine; Alkaloids; Amines; Amino Acids; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Nitrogen; Plant Extracts; Plants, Medicinal; Spectrophotometry; Spectrum Analysis | 1967 |
Utilization of choline or betaine for phospholipid synthesis in an aerobic marine microbe.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Indicators and Reagents; Oxygen; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Phospholipids; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1967 |
Separation of choline from some bases on Dowex columns.
Topics: Amines; Betaine; Buffers; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Diphenhydramine; Ephedrine; Ethylamines; Indicators and Reagents; Ion Exchange Resins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Spectrophotometry; Thiamine; Tryptamines; Tryptophan | 1967 |
[Comparative toxicity of trimethylamine (TMA), of its oxide trimethylaminoxide (TMAO), and of their combination].
Topics: Acetylcholine; Amines; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Drug Antagonism; Male; Mice; Urea | 1967 |
Choline metabolism and phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis in cultured rat hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; Female; Kinetics; Liver; Nucleotidyltransferases; Phosphatidylcholines; Rats | 1981 |
Glucagon inhibits phosphatidylcholine biosynthesis via the CDP-choline and transmethylation pathways in cultured rat hepatocytes.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Cytidine Diphosphate Choline; Depression, Chemical; Fatty Acids; Female; Glucagon; Insulin; Liver; Methylation; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamines; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1984 |
Induction of acid phosphatase and cholinesterase activities in Ps. aeruginosa and their in-vitro control by choline, acetylcholine and betaine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acid Phosphatase; Betaine; Choline; Cholinesterases; Enzyme Induction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 1983 |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa acid phosphatase and cholinesterase induced by choline and its metabolic derivatives may contain a similar anionic peripheral site.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Allosteric Regulation; Betaine; Choline; Cholinesterases; Enzyme Induction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Species Specificity; Structure-Activity Relationship | 1984 |
Renal tubular transport and metabolism of organic cations by the rabbit.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney Tubules; Kinetics; Male; Niacinamide; Perfusion; Rabbits; Tetraethylammonium; Tetraethylammonium Compounds | 1981 |
The choline-depleted type II pneumonocyte. A model for investigating the synthesis of surfactant lipids.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Cytidine; Glycerol; In Vitro Techniques; Intracellular Fluid; Lipids; Lung; Male; Models, Biological; Phosphatidylcholines; Pulmonary Surfactants; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Tritium | 1984 |
Chromatographic separation of choline, trimethylamine, trimethylamine oxide, and betaine from tissues of marine fish.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Fishes; Liver; Methylamines; Muscles; Tissue Extracts | 1984 |
Regulation of hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase by dietary betaine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Food, Fortified; Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Injections, Intraperitoneal; Liver; Male; Methyltransferases; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors | 1983 |
Methotrexate effects on hepatic betaine levels in choline-supplemented and choline-deficient rats.
Topics: Aging; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methotrexate; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Uptake of free choline by isolated perfused rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Kinetics; Liver; Perfusion; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Rats | 1980 |
A novel purification and some properties of rat liver mitochondrial choline dehydrogenase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Chromatography, Agarose; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Substrate Specificity | 1980 |
Hepatic free choline and betaine and the utilization of dietary protein in the choline-deficient rat.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Betaine; Caseins; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Dietary Proteins; Digestion; Liver; Male; Nutritive Value; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Regulation of the betaine content of rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dietary Proteins; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains | 1982 |
Reversal of the normal pattern of renal choline metabolism during uremia in rats.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Nephrectomy; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors; Uremia | 1981 |
Determination of choline, phosphorylcholine, and betaine.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Humans; Liver; Methods; Organ Specificity; Phosphorylcholine | 1981 |
Choline distribution and metabolism in pregnant rats and fetuses are influenced by the choline content of the maternal diet.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Animals; Betaine; Brain; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Fetus; Food, Fortified; Intestinal Absorption; Liver; Nootropic Agents; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Restoration of urine concentrating ability and accumulation of medullary osmolytes after chronic diuresis.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Deamino Arginine Vasopressin; Diuresis; Electrolytes; Extracellular Space; Inositol; Intracellular Fluid; Kidney; Kidney Concentrating Ability; Kidney Medulla; Male; Methylamines; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 1995 |
Pregnancy and lactation are associated with diminished concentrations of choline and its metabolites in rat liver.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Female; Lactation; Liver; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1995 |
Radioactive choline metabolism in guinea pig gallbladder. Is there measurable acetylcholine release?
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Female; Gallbladder; Guinea Pigs; Phosphorylcholine; Sincalide; Time Factors | 1995 |
Choline- and acetylcholine-induced changes in the morphology of Fusarium graminearum: evidence for the involvement of the choline transport system and acetylcholinesterase.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Acetylcholinesterase; Acetylglucosamine; Betaine; Biological Transport; Cell Wall; Chitin Synthase; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Drug Resistance, Microbial; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Fungal Proteins; Fusarium; Hemicholinium 3; Mechlorethamine; Membrane Proteins; Mutagenesis; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1995 |
Near-isogenic lines of maize differing for glycinebetaine.
Topics: Alleles; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Crosses, Genetic; DNA Primers; DNA, Plant; Mass Spectrometry; Molecular Sequence Data; Zea mays | 1995 |
Carnitine resembles choline in the induction of cholinesterase, acid phosphatase, and phospholipase C and in its action as an osmoprotectant in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Acid Phosphatase; Betaine; Carbon; Carnitine; Choline; Cholinesterases; Culture Media; Enzyme Induction; Nitrogen; Phosphates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Type C Phospholipases; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1995 |
Bicarbonate-dependent betaine synthesis in rat kidney.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Bicarbonates; Choline; Glutathione; In Vitro Techniques; Kidney; NAD; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats | 1994 |
Localized proton MR spectroscopy of the human kidney in vivo by means of short echo time STEAM sequences.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Choline; Dehydration; Female; Humans; Image Enhancement; Inositol; Kidney; Kidney Cortex; Kidney Medulla; Lactates; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Muscles; Osmolar Concentration; Protons; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 1994 |
Osmoregulation in Bacillus subtilis: synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from exogenously provided choline.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors | 1994 |
Characterization of choline metabolism and secretion by human placental trophoblasts in culture.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Culture Media; Humans; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Time Factors; Trophoblasts | 1993 |
The proton NMR spectrum in acute EAE: the significance of the change in the Cho:Cr ratio.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Brain; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Creatine; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental; Guinea Pigs; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microscopy, Electron; Phosphocreatine; Phosphorylcholine | 1993 |
Effect of novel compound, 1-methyl-1-piperidino methane sulfonate (MPMS), on the osmoprotectant activity of glycine betaine, choline and L-proline in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Azetidinecarboxylic Acid; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Escherichia coli; Mesylates; Piperidines; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1993 |
Glycerophosphocholine and phosphocholine are the major choline metabolites in rat milk.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Epithelium; Female; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Lactation; Mammary Glands, Animal; Milk; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 1993 |
Betaine is an osmolyte in RAW 264.7 mouse macrophages.
Topics: Aminoisobutyric Acids; Animals; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Cell Line; Chlorides; Choline; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Inositol; Lithium; Macrophages; Mice; Osmolar Concentration; RNA, Messenger; Sodium | 1995 |
The complex bet promoters of Escherichia coli: regulation by oxygen (ArcA), choline (BetI), and osmotic stress.
Topics: Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; DNA-Binding Proteins; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Regulator; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Operator Regions, Genetic; Osmotic Pressure; Oxygen; Plasmids; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Regulon; Repressor Proteins | 1996 |
Synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis: characterization of the gbsAB genes.
Topics: Alcohol Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Gene Deletion; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Plasmids; Sequence Analysis, DNA | 1996 |
Hepatic betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activity in the chicken is influenced by dietary intake of sulfur amino acids, choline and betaine.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Chickens; Choline; Cystine; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Homocysteine; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Random Allocation | 1996 |
Osmoprotectants in Halomonas elongata: high-affinity betaine transport system and choline-betaine pathway.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbon; Choline; Culture Media; Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1996 |
Molecular characterization of mutants affected in the osmoprotectant-dependent induction of phospholipase C in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Chromosomes, Bacterial; Cloning, Molecular; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA-Binding Proteins; DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Osmolar Concentration; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Restriction Mapping; RNA Polymerase Sigma 54; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sigma Factor; Type C Phospholipases; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1997 |
Choline and glycine betaine uptake in various strains of Rhizobia isolated from nodules of Vicia faba var. major and Cicer arietinum l.: modulation by salt, choline, and glycine betaine.
Topics: Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Rhizobium; Sodium Chloride | 1997 |
Utilization of phosphocholine from extracellular complex polysaccharide as a source of cytoplasmic choline derivatives in Penicillium fellutanum.
Topics: Betaine; Carbohydrate Sequence; Choline; Culture Media; Galactose; Glycosaminoglycans; Hydrolases; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Mannans; Molecular Sequence Data; Penicillium; Phosphates; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphorylcholine | 1997 |
Molecular characterization of the bet genes encoding glycine betaine synthesis in Sinorhizobium meliloti 102F34.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cloning, Molecular; Genes, Bacterial; Medicago sativa; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Roots; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Symbiosis; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1997 |
Characterization of an NaCl-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus mutant and rescue of the NaCl-sensitive phenotype by glycine betaine but not by other compatible solutes.
Topics: Amino Acids; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Blotting, Southern; Choline; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA, Bacterial; Electrophoresis, Gel, Two-Dimensional; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Lac Operon; Microscopy, Electron; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Staphylococcus aureus | 1997 |
A chick bioassay approach for determining the bioavailable choline concentration in normal and overheated soybean meal, canola meal and peanut meal.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Arachis; Betaine; Biological Assay; Biological Availability; Body Weight; Brassica; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Dietary Fats, Unsaturated; Glycine max; Linear Models; Male; Random Allocation; Weight Gain | 1997 |
Osmoprotectant-dependent expression of plcH, encoding the hemolytic phospholipase C, is subject to novel catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; beta-Galactosidase; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Citric Acid Cycle; Cyclic AMP Receptor Protein; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Lactic Acid; Phosphates; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Succinates; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Type C Phospholipases; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1997 |
Hepatic and renal betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase activity in pigs as affected by dietary intakes of sulfur amino acids, choline, and betaine.
Topics: Amino Acids, Sulfur; Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Chickens; Choline; Cystine; Food, Fortified; Kidney; Liver; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Rats; Swine; Weight Gain | 1998 |
Betaine as an osmolyte in rat liver: metabolism and cell-to-cell interactions.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Communication; Choline; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Liver; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Perfusion; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 1998 |
Constitutive choline transport in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Ammonium Chloride; Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sarcosine; Sodium Chloride; Succinates | 1998 |
Choline metabolism in the neonatal period.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Kidney; Liver; Milk, Human | 1998 |
Maternal epigenetics and methyl supplements affect agouti gene expression in Avy/a mice.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Agouti Signaling Protein; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Cytosine; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Genomic Imprinting; Hair Color; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Pregnancy; Proteins; S-Adenosylmethionine; Vitamin B 12; Zinc | 1998 |
Presence of a gene encoding choline sulfatase in Sinorhizobium meliloti bet operon: choline-O-sulfate is metabolized into glycine betaine.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Cell Division; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Conserved Sequence; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmotic Pressure; Phenotype; Phosphorylcholine; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfatases | 1998 |
The endogenous choline supply limits glycine betaine synthesis in transgenic tobacco expressing choline monooxygenase.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Kinetics; Nicotiana; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygenases; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Spinacia oleracea | 1998 |
Rapid purification and properties of betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Dimerization; Enzyme Stability; Kinetics; Molecular Sequence Data; NADP; Osmotic Pressure; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Sequence Analysis | 1999 |
Glycine betaine: reserve form of choline in Penicillium fellutanum in low-sulfate medium.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Penicillium; Sulfates | 1999 |
The choline-converting pathway in Staphylococcus xylosus C2A: genetic and physiological characterization.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Carrier Proteins; Catalysis; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cloning, Molecular; Databases, Factual; DNA, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Mutagenesis; Staphylococcus; Transcription, Genetic | 1999 |
Two evolutionarily closely related ABC transporters mediate the uptake of choline for synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine in Bacillus subtilis.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Evolution, Molecular; Genotype; Lipoproteins; Models, Biological; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis; Phenotype; Time Factors; Transcription, Genetic; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
The ion coupling and organic substrate specificities of osmoregulatory transporter ProP in Escherichia coli.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport, Active; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ion Transport; Kinetics; Potassium; Proline; Symporters; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 1999 |
Thermoprotection by glycine betaine and choline.
Topics: beta-Galactosidase; Betaine; Choline; Citrate (si)-Synthase; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Heat-Shock Response; HSP70 Heat-Shock Proteins; Mutation; Protein Folding | 1999 |
Enzymatic assay of calcium in serum with phospholipase D.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Calcium; Choline; Enzyme Activation; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Multiple Myeloma; Phosphatidic Acids; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipase D; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Spectrophotometry; Spectrophotometry, Atomic | 1999 |
Glycine betaine, carnitine, and choline enhance salinity tolerance and prevent the accumulation of sodium to a level inhibiting growth of Tetragenococcus halophila.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Culture Media; Glutamates; Lactobacillaceae; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Potassium; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2000 |
Blood metabolism of [methyl-11C]choline; implications for in vivo imaging with positron emission tomography.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Humans; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Tissue Distribution; Tomography, Emission-Computed | 2000 |
Genes for the synthesis of the osmoprotectant glycine betaine from choline in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halomonas elongata DSM 3043, USA.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Genes, Bacterial; Halomonas; Molecular Sequence Data; Operon; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2000 |
Genetic engineering of glycinebetaine production toward enhancing stress tolerance in plants: metabolic limitations.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Arabidopsis; Betaine; Brassica; Choline; Gene Expression; Genetic Engineering; Nicotiana; Osmosis; Photosynthesis; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Stress, Physiological | 2000 |
HPLC-OPLC-MS investigation of change of formaldehyde and its generators in human teeth of different physiological stage.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cyclohexanones; Dental Caries; Formaldehyde; Humans; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization; Tooth | 2000 |
NMR spectroscopy of single neurons.
Topics: Acetates; Animals; Aplysia; Betaine; Choline; Lactic Acid; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Neurons; Osmolar Concentration; Taurine; Water | 2000 |
Improved tolerance to salinity and low temperature in transgenic tobacco producing glycine betaine.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cold Temperature; DNA Primers; Nicotiana; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Sodium Chloride | 2000 |
Metabolic modeling identifies key constraints on an engineered glycine betaine synthesis pathway in tobacco.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbon Radioisotopes; Chloroplasts; Choline; Computer Simulation; Cytosol; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Nicotiana; Oxygenases; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylation; Phosphorylcholine; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Vacuoles | 2000 |
Betaine aldehyde, betaine, and choline levels in rat livers during ethanol metabolism.
Topics: Acetaldehyde; Animals; Betaine; Central Nervous System Depressants; Choline; Cytoplasm; Ethanol; Isoelectric Focusing; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley | 2000 |
Choline import into chloroplasts limits glycine betaine synthesis in tobacco: analysis of plants engineered with a chloroplastic or a cytosolic pathway.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Chloroplasts; Choline; Computer Simulation; Cytosol; Genetic Engineering; Immunoblotting; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nicotiana; Oxygenases; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; RNA; Spinacia oleracea; Transformation, Genetic | 2000 |
Intestinal uptake of betaine in vitro and the distribution of methyl groups from betaine, choline, and methionine in the body of broiler chicks.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Duodenum; In Vitro Techniques; Intestinal Absorption; Jejunum; Methionine | 2001 |
A novel method to analyze betaine in chicken liver: effect of dietary betaine and choline supplementation on the hepatic betaine concentration in broiler chicks.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Dietary Supplements; Liver; Meat; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity | 2001 |
Uptake of choline from salmon flesh and its conversion to glycine betaine in response to salt stress in Shewanella putrefaciens.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Osmolar Concentration; Salmon; Shewanella putrefaciens; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological | 2001 |
Electrophysiology of betaine transport in isolated perfused straight proximal tubule.
Topics: Animals; Barium; Betaine; Biological Transport; Chlorides; Choline; Electrophysiology; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid; Kidney Tubules, Proximal; Mannitol; Membrane Potentials; Mice; Osmolar Concentration; Potassium Channel Blockers; Sodium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2001 |
Purification and kinetic properties of betaine-homocysteine methyltransferase from Aphanothece halophytica.
Topics: Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Chromatography, Agarose; Chromatography, Gel; Cyanobacteria; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Inhibitors; Homocysteine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methyltransferases; Molecular Weight; Sarcosine | 2001 |
Enhanced synthesis of choline and glycine betaine in transgenic tobacco plants that overexpress phosphoethanolamine N-methyltransferase.
Topics: Betaine; Chloroplasts; Choline; Ethanolamine; Ethanolamines; Genes, Synthetic; Genetic Vectors; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Models, Biological; Mosaic Viruses; Nicotiana; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Recombinant Fusion Proteins; Species Specificity; Spinacia oleracea; Transgenes | 2001 |
Actinopolyspora halophila has two separate pathways for betaine synthesis.
Topics: Actinomycetales; Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Oxidation-Reduction; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds | 2001 |
Polarized function of thick ascending limbs of Henle cells in osmoregulation.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cell Line; Cell Membrane; Cell Polarity; Choline; Glycerylphosphorylcholine; Inositol; Intracellular Membranes; Loop of Henle; Rabbits; Sorbitol; Tissue Distribution; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2001 |
High performance liquid chromatography of phenolic choline ester fragments derived by chemical and enzymatic fragmentation processes: analysis of sinapine in rape seed.
Topics: Betaine; Brassica rapa; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Hydrolysis; Phenols; Sodium Hydroxide; Spectrophotometry | 2002 |
Impact of betaine on pig finishing performance and carcass composition.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Betaine; Body Composition; Choline; Dietary Proteins; Energy Intake; Female; Gastrointestinal Agents; Lipotropic Agents; Male; Muscle, Skeletal; Sex Characteristics; Swine; Ultrasonography | 2002 |
Betaine does not improve performance of laying hens when the diet contains adequate choline.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Eggs; Female; Lipotropic Agents; Oviposition; Weight Gain | 2002 |
Perturbations in choline metabolism cause neural tube defects in mouse embryos in vitro.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Animals; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; Central Nervous System; Ceramides; Choline; Deanol; Diglycerides; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryonic and Fetal Development; Gastrula; Mice; Models, Neurological; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipid Ethers; Phosphorylcholine; Sphingomyelins | 2002 |
Metabolic markers of breast cancer: enhanced choline metabolism and reduced choline-ether-phospholipid synthesis.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Breast; Breast Neoplasms; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Epithelial Cells; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Membrane Transport Proteins; Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular; Phospholipid Ethers; Phospholipids; Phosphorus; Phosphorylcholine; Tumor Cells, Cultured | 2002 |
Glycine betaine transmethylase mutant of Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Methyltransferases; Mutation; Open Reading Frames; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Restriction Mapping | 2002 |
Glu 103 Gln site-directed mutation causes an alteration in physical properties of spinach betaine aldehyde dehydrogenase.
Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Aldehydes; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Glutamic Acid; Glutamine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutation; Plasmids; Sodium Chloride; Spinacia oleracea; Temperature | 2002 |
Influence of dietary methionine level on the liver metallothionein mRNA level in rats.
Topics: Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Blotting, Northern; Body Weight; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Diet; Liver; Male; Metallothionein; Methionine; Organ Size; Rats; Rats, Wistar; RNA, Messenger | 2002 |
Homocysteine-betaine interactions in a murine model of 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Liver; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase (NAD+); Mice; Mice, Knockout; Models, Biological; Oxidoreductases; Phosphorylcholine | 2003 |
Determination of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine in plasma by a high-throughput method based on normal-phase chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Blood Donors; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Fasting; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Sarcosine | 2003 |
Urinary levels of creatine and other metabolites in the assessment of polymyositis and dermatomyositis.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Citric Acid; Creatine; Dermatomyositis; Female; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Muscle, Skeletal; Polymyositis | 2003 |
Kinetic mechanism of choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Catalysis; Choline; Least-Squares Analysis; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction | 2003 |
Salt stress enhances choline uptake in the halotolerant cyanobacterium Aphanothece halophytica.
Topics: Betaine; Chloramphenicol; Choline; Cyanobacteria; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Maleimides; Membrane Transport Proteins; Osmotic Pressure; p-Chloromercuribenzoic Acid; Periplasm; Sodium Chloride; Time Factors | 2003 |
Cloning, expression, and purification of choline dehydrogenase from the moderate halophile Halomonas elongata.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Halomonas; Kinetics | 2003 |
Concentrations of choline-containing compounds and betaine in common foods.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Beverages; Carbohydrates; Choline; Dairy Products; Edible Grain; Eggs; Energy Intake; Fabaceae; Food Analysis; Food Handling; Fruit; Humans; Male; Meat; Vegetables | 2003 |
Potential osmoprotectants for the lactic acid bacteria Pediococcus pentosaceus and Tetragenococcus halophila.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Food Microbiology; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Pediococcus; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Sulfonium Compounds | 2003 |
Transposable elements: targets for early nutritional effects on epigenetic gene regulation.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Betaine; Choline; CpG Islands; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; DNA Transposable Elements; Exons; Folic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Phenotype; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfites; Vitamin B 12 | 2003 |
The Sinorhizobium meliloti glycine betaine biosynthetic genes (betlCBA) are induced by choline and highly expressed in bacteroids.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Medicago sativa; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Nitrogen Fixation; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Soil Microbiology; Substrate Specificity; Sulfatases; Symbiosis | 2003 |
pH and deuterium kinetic isotope effects studies on the oxidation of choline to betaine-aldehyde catalyzed by choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Choline; Deuterium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction | 2003 |
Transcriptional regulation of methionine synthase by homocysteine and choline in Aspergillus nidulans.
Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Aspergillus nidulans; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Activation; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Homocysteine; Methionine; Models, Biological; Molecular Sequence Data; RNA, Messenger; Transcription, Genetic | 2003 |
The effect of vitamin B12 upon the utilization of choline and betaine by the young poult.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Humans; Turkeys; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex | 1952 |
The estimation of betaine and choline in mixtures.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Fabaceae; Glycine | 1953 |
Use of betaine-lipotropic combinations in clinical practice.
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Betaine; Choline; Corrinoids; Glycine; Humans; Lipotropic Agents; Liver Extracts; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex | 1953 |
The utilization by vitamin B12-deficient chicks of monomethylaminoethanol, homocystine and betaine as precursors of choline and methionine.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Alcohols; Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Homocystine; Methionine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 1954 |
The biosynthesis and metabolism of betaines in plants. III. Studies on the biosynthesis of precursors of glycinebetaine in seedlings of wheat (Triticum vulgare vill.).
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Fabaceae; Glycine; Plants; Seedlings; Triticum | 1954 |
Betaine and methionine on renal hemorrhagic degeneration in rats receiving 2-amino-2-methyl propanol-1.
Topics: Amino Alcohols; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Glycine; Hemorrhage; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Methionine; Propanolamines; Rats | 1955 |
The formation of choline and betaine in leaf disks of Beta vulgaris.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Choline; Fabaceae; Glycine; Plant Leaves; Vegetables | 1955 |
[Research on the biochemistry of choline and its derivatives. XXXV. Betaine in Patella vulgata].
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Fabaceae; Gastropoda; Glycine; Mollusca; Patella; Research | 1956 |
The role of dietary betaine and vitamin B12 in choline formation by the rat.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Corrinoids; Diet; Rats; Vitamin B 12 | 1957 |
Vitamin B12 and folic acid in relation to methionine synthesis from betaine in vivo and invitro.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Humans; Methionine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
Antagonism of gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine on chick embryonic bones cultivated in vitro.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Bone and Bones; Carnitine; Chickens; Choline; Folic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
[Antagonism of gamma-butyrobetaine and carnitine in bone skeleton cultivated in vitro].
Topics: Betaine; Bone and Bones; Carnitine; Choline; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Folic Acid; In Vitro Techniques; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
Glycocyamine betaine as an adjunct in the treatment of neuromuscular disease patients.
Topics: Amidines; Betaine; Choline; Disease; Glycine; Humans; Muscles; Muscular Diseases; Neuromuscular Diseases | 1957 |
gamma-Butyrobetaine as a specific antagonist for carnitine in the development of the early chick embryo.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Embryo, Mammalian; Embryo, Nonmammalian; Humans; Vitamin B Complex | 1957 |
Comparative lipotropic and lipide phosphorylating effects of choline, betaine, and inositol.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Inositol; Lipid Metabolism; Lipids; Lipotropic Agents | 1957 |
Progression of liver lesions produced in rats by temporary treatment with pyrrolizidine (senecio) alkaloids, and the effects of betaine and high casein diet.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Caseins; Choline; Diet; Disease Progression; Gastrointestinal Diseases; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids; Rats; Senecio | 1957 |
[Biochemistry of choline and its derivatives. XXXVII. Betaine and choline in Beta vulgaris].
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Choline; Vegetables | 1957 |
[Biochemistry of choline and its derivatives. XXXVIII. Metabolism of betaine in the fruit of Beta vulgaris].
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Choline; Flavoring Agents; Fruit; Vegetables | 1957 |
[Research on the biochemistry of choline and its derivatives. XXXIX. Betaine and phosphatides in plants].
Topics: Betaine; Biochemistry; Choline; Lipid Metabolism; Phospholipids; Plants; Research | 1958 |
Pathway of betaine and choline synthesis in Beta vulgaris.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Choline; Vegetables | 1958 |
[Effect of betaine, administered parenterally, on hepatic steatosis].
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Fatty Liver | 1957 |
Kwashiorkor type of fatty liver in primates.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Liver; Kwashiorkor; Lipids; Methionine; Primates; Proteins | 1958 |
[Place of betaine citrate in the treatment of psoriasis].
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Psoriasis | 1958 |
[Incidence of herzynine, ergothioneine, homarine, trigonelline, glycocoll betaine, choline, trimethylamine, adenine and almost all amino acids of proteins in Limulus polyphemus L].
Topics: Adenine; Alkaloids; Amines; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Crustacea; Ergothioneine; Glycine; Histidine; Horseshoe Crabs; Incidence; Methylamines; Niacin; Nicotinic Acids; Picolines; Picolinic Acids | 1958 |
Pharmacological actions of alpha-butyrobetaine.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline | 1959 |
The effect of betaine on human serum lipoproteins.
Topics: Amidines; Betaine; Choline; Humans; Lipoproteins | 1959 |
[Treatment of human atherosclerosis with betaine].
Topics: Arteriosclerosis; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Choline; Humans | 1961 |
Pharmacodynamic characteristics and biological properties of betaine ascorbate
Topics: Ascorbic Acid; Betaine; Choline; Vitamins | 1961 |
[Phenylethylacetates of sodium and of betaine: comparative experimental studies of the hypocholesterolemic, choleretic, liver-protective and cardiovascular effects].
Topics: Betaine; Bile Acids and Salts; Cardiovascular System; Cholagogues and Choleretics; Cholesterol; Choline; Liver; Phenylbutyrates; Salts; Sodium | 1960 |
[N-Containing components with low molecular weight in the red field snail, Arion empiricorum. II. Hydroxylysine, alpha, gamma-diaminobutyric acid, herzynine, homarine, trigonelline, glycocoll betaine, putrescine, imidazolyl-acetic acid, -propionic acid, -
Topics: Acetates; Acetic Acid; Acids; Acrylates; Alkaloids; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Hydroxylysine; Lactic Acid; Molecular Weight; Nitrogen; Picolinic Acids; Propionates; Putrescine; Snails | 1960 |
[Ethionine pancreatitis in the rat. II. Attempts to prevent ethionine injury by methionine, cysteine-homocysteine, choline and betaine].
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Cysteine; Ethionine; Homocysteine; Methionine; Pancreatitis; Rats | 1960 |
The reaction sequence in ergothioneine biosynthesis: hercynine as an intermediate.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Ergothioneine; Histidine; Neurospora | 1962 |
[Study of the pharmacological properties of the ethyl and methyl esters of gamma-butyrobetaine chloride].
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Chlorides; Choline; Esters; Ions | 1961 |
The synthesis of methionine by enzymic transmethylation. VIII. Enthalpy changes in the methyl-transfer from betaine and S-methylmethionine bromide.
Topics: Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Bromides; Choline; Methionine; Thermodynamics; Transferases; Vitamin U | 1962 |
[The influence of gama-butyrobetaine, crotonic acid betaine and isomeric carnitine on the growth of a mouse sarcoma].
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Folic Acid; Sarcoma, Experimental; Vitamin B Complex | 1962 |
[On the separation of betaine and choline on ion exchange compounds].
Topics: Amines; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography; Ion Exchange; Ion Exchange Resins | 1962 |
ACTIONS OF BETAINE, CARNITINE AND CHOLINE ON THE PATTERN OF HEPATIC LIPOSIS IN MICE FED A HIGH-FAT, LOW-PROTEIN DIET.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; Folic Acid; Lipid Metabolism; Lipidoses; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Liver Diseases; Mice; Pathology; Research; Statistics as Topic; Vitamin B Complex | 1964 |
ENERGY-LINKED REDUCTION OF THE MITOCHONDRIAL NICOTINAMIDE-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDES BY CHOLINE AND SARCOSINE.
Topics: Albumins; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Ammonium Compounds; Antimycin A; Betaine; Choline; Cyanides; Electron Transport; Formaldehyde; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Glycine; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Metabolism; Mitochondria; NAD; Pharmacology; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Research; Sarcosine | 1965 |
AEROBIC DEGRADATION OF CHOLINE. II. SOME PROPERTIES OF WHOLE CELLS AND CELL-FREE EXTRACTS OF ACHROMOBACTER CHOLINOPHAGUM.
Topics: Achromobacter; Ammonia; Betaine; Centrifugation; Chemical Precipitation; Choline; Chromatography; Colorimetry; Formaldehyde; Glycine; Metabolism; Oxygen; Pharmacology; Pyruvates; Research; Serine; Spectrophotometry; Trichloroacetic Acid; Ultrasonics | 1965 |
THE EFFECTS OF CHOLINE AND RELATED COMPOUNDS ON THE GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.
Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Alcohols; Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Chemical Phenomena; Chemistry; Choline; Diet; Drosophila; Drosophila melanogaster; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Growth and Development; Meat; Metamorphosis, Biological; Methionine; Neurospora; Pharmacology; Poultry; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Rats; Research; Salts; Vitamin B Complex | 1965 |
[Occurrence of homarine, glycine betaine, choline, arginine, mytilite, taurine and d, l-lactic acid in the limpet Patella sp..].
Topics: Alcohols; Amines; Animals; Arginine; Betaine; Bile Acids and Salts; Choline; Gastropoda; Glycine; Lactic Acid; Mollusca; Patella; Picolinic Acids; Salts; Shellfish; Taurine | 1954 |
The chick's requirement for folic acid in the utilization of choline and its precursors betaine and methylaminoethanol.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Folic Acid; Humans; Meat; Poultry | 1955 |
Aminoaciduria in rats after treatment with the ethyl ester of gamma-butyrobetaine.
Topics: Amino Acid Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Rats | 1960 |
The enzymic synthesis of gamma-butyrobetaine and its CoA ester derivative.
Topics: Amino Acids; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Coenzymes; Esters | 1962 |
[Studies on tropane alkaloids. I. Paper chromatography of tropane alkaloids, hygrine, betaines, and xanthine].
Topics: Alkaloids; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Paper; Pyrrolidines; Tropanes; Xanthine; Xanthines | 1961 |
On the hydroxylation of gamma-butyrobetaine to carnitine in vitro.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Hydroxylation; In Vitro Techniques; Vitamin B Complex | 1962 |
Comparison of the effects of surface tension and osmotic pressure on the interfacial hydration of a fluid phospholipid bilayer.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Computer Simulation; Lipid Bilayers; Liposomes; Membrane Fluidity; Models, Molecular; Osmotic Pressure; Phosphatidylcholines; Solutions; Solvents; Sucrose; Surface Properties; Surface Tension; Water; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2003 |
Effect of salt stress on the metabolism of ethanolamine and choline in leaves of the betaine-producing mangrove species Avicennia marina.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Adenosine Kinase; Avicennia; Betaine; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Ethanolamines; N-Glycosyl Hydrolases; Organophosphorus Compounds; Plant Leaves; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sodium Chloride | 2003 |
Isolation and characterization of ButA, a secondary glycine betaine transport system operating in Tetragenococcus halophila.
Topics: Acetoin; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Creatinine; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genes, Reporter; Genetic Complementation Test; Genomic Library; Glucuronidase; Gram-Positive Cocci; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sulfonium Compounds | 2003 |
Spectroscopic and kinetic properties of recombinant choline oxidase from Arthrobacter globiformis.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Catalysis; Choline; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Enzyme Inhibitors; Escherichia coli; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Recombinant Proteins; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet | 2003 |
Osmoregulatory systems of Escherichia coli: identification of betaine-carnitine-choline transporter family member BetU and distributions of betU and trkG among pathogenic and nonpathogenic isolates.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carnitine; Choline; Chromosome Mapping; Escherichia coli; Escherichia coli Proteins; Membrane Proteins; Potassium; Pyelonephritis; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Dose-response curves in the estimation of potency of lipotropic agents.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Inositol; Lipotropic Agents; Regression Analysis | 1950 |
The effect of vitamin B12 on the response of chicks to betaine and choline.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Vitamin B 12 | 1951 |
Effect of aminopterin on choline, betaine aldehyde, and betaine metabolism.
Topics: Aminopterin; Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Choline; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans | 1951 |
The metabolism of betaine and sodium formate by leukemic mice.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Choline; Formates; Leukemia; Leukemia, Experimental; Mice | 1952 |
Evaluation of the potential of triethanolamine to alter hepatic choline levels in female B6C3F1 mice.
Topics: Administration, Topical; Animals; Betaine; Cells, Cultured; CHO Cells; Choline; Cricetinae; Cricetulus; Ethanolamines; Female; Liver; Mice; Mice, Inbred Strains; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; Species Specificity; Tritium | 2004 |
Effects of betaine in a murine model of mild cystathionine-beta-synthase deficiency.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Cysteine; Female; Heterozygote; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Male; Methionine; Methyltransferases; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Regression Analysis; Serine | 2004 |
Periconceptional dietary intake of choline and betaine and neural tube defects in offspring.
Topics: Betaine; California; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Neural Tube Defects; Preconception Care; Pregnancy; Risk | 2004 |
The trimethylammonium headgroup of choline is a major determinant for substrate binding and specificity in choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Choline; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Recombinant Proteins; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity | 2004 |
Choline versus betaine and expeller versus solvent soybean meal for weanling pigs.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Glycine max; Solvents; Sus scrofa; Swine | 1950 |
Oxidation in vivo of the methyl groups of choline, betaine, dimethylthetin, and dimethyl-beta-propiothetin.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Glycine; Oxidation-Reduction; Sulfonium Compounds | 1950 |
LIPOTROPIC action of choline, betaine, and methionine in birds.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Birds; Choline; Humans; Lipotropic Agents; Methionine; Physiology | 1950 |
Growth and physiological properties of wild type and mutants of Halomonas subglaciescola DH-1 in saline environment.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; Halomonas; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2004 |
Betaine and folate status as cooperative determinants of plasma homocysteine in humans.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Choline; Creatinine; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Fasting; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2005 |
Choline- and betaine-defined diets for use in clinical research and for the management of trimethylaminuria.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Dietetics; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Food Analysis; Humans; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methylamines; Methylation; Nutrition Policy; Nutritional Requirements; Practice Guidelines as Topic | 2004 |
On the catalytic mechanism of choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Catalysis; Choline; Deuterium Exchange Measurement; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction | 2005 |
Cluster-phase reactions: gas-phase phosphorylation of peptides and model compounds with triphosphate anions.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Betaine; Bradykinin; Choline; Gases; Mass Spectrometry; Models, Molecular; Oligopeptides; Phosphorylation; Polyphosphates; Thermodynamics; Tyrosine | 2005 |
Plasma choline and betaine and their relation to plasma homocysteine in normal pregnancy.
Topics: Adult; Africa, Western; Betaine; Black People; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Gestational Age; Hematinics; Homocysteine; Humans; Netherlands Antilles; Nutritional Status; Postpartum Period; Predictive Value of Tests; Pregnancy; Regression Analysis | 2005 |
OusB, a broad-specificity ABC-type transporter from Erwinia chrysanthemi, mediates uptake of glycine betaine and choline with a high affinity.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Dickeya chrysanthemi; DNA Transposable Elements; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Osmolar Concentration; Sequence Analysis, DNA | 2005 |
Muscle metabolites, detected in urine by proton spectroscopy, correlate with disease damage in juvenile idiopathic inflammatory myopathies.
Topics: Adolescent; Betaine; Biomarkers; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Creatine; Female; Glycine; Humans; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Methylamines; Muscles; Myositis | 2005 |
Choline and homocysteine interrelations in umbilical cord and maternal plasma at delivery.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Fetal Blood; Folic Acid; Health Status Indicators; Homocysteine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methylation; Oxidation-Reduction; Pregnancy; Regression Analysis; Sarcosine; Vitamin B 12 | 2005 |
Cloning, sequencing and salt induced expression of PEAMT and BADH in oilseed rape (Brassica napus).
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Brassica napus; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Methyltransferases; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; RNA, Plant; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sodium Chloride | 2005 |
Rapid high-throughput detection of peroxide with an acridinium-9-carboxamide: a homogeneous chemiluminescent assay for plasma choline.
Topics: Acridines; Betaine; Choline; Humans; Hydrogen Peroxide; Luminescent Measurements; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Sensitivity and Specificity; Time Factors | 2006 |
[The effect of methyl-containing supplements during pregnancy on the phenotypic modification of offspring hair color in rats].
Topics: Agouti Signaling Protein; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Color; Dietary Supplements; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Female; Folic Acid; Hair Color; Heterozygote; Homozygote; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins; Male; Methionine; Phenotype; Pigments, Biological; Pregnancy; Rats; Vitamin B 12; Zinc | 2006 |
Dietary choline and betaine assessed by food-frequency questionnaire in relation to plasma total homocysteine concentration in the Framingham Offspring Study.
Topics: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Alcohol Drinking; Betaine; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Sex Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin B Complex | 2006 |
Flow microcalorimetric study of butyrylcholinesterase kinetics and inhibition.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Butyrylcholinesterase; Calorimetry; Choline; Cholinesterase Inhibitors; Horses; Hydrolysis; In Vitro Techniques; Kinetics; Thermodynamics | 2006 |
Maternal methyl supplements increase offspring DNA methylation at Axin Fused.
Topics: Alleles; Animals; Axin Protein; Betaine; Body Weight; Choline; CpG Islands; Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Folic Acid; Gene Expression Regulation; Heterozygote; Introns; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Models, Genetic; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Pregnancy; Random Allocation; Repressor Proteins; Sulfites; Vitamin B 12 | 2006 |
Effects of betaine and condensed molasses solubles on nitrogen balance and nutrient digestibility in piglets fed diets deficient in methionine and low in compatible osmolytes.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Digestion; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Gastrointestinal Agents; Male; Methionine; Molasses; Nitrogen; Random Allocation; Swine; Weaning | 2006 |
Proline betaine uptake in Sinorhizobium meliloti: Characterization of Prb, an opp-like ABC transporter regulated by both proline betaine and salinity stress.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Oligopeptides; Osmolar Concentration; Proline; Sinorhizobium meliloti | 2006 |
Effects of chronic betaine ingestion on methionine-loading induced plasma homocysteine elevation in rats.
Topics: Analysis of Variance; Animals; Area Under Curve; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Carnitine; Choline; Gastrointestinal Agents; Homocysteine; Injections, Intravenous; Liver; Male; Methionine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Time Factors | 2006 |
Uncoupling of choline-O-sulphate utilization from osmoprotection in Pseudomonas putida.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Biological; Mutation; Operon; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Pseudomonas putida; Sodium Chloride; Sulfatases; Sulfates | 2006 |
Trapping choline oxidase in a nonfunctional conformation by freezing at low pH.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Choline; Circular Dichroism; Freezing; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Protein Conformation; Recombinant Proteins | 2007 |
Modulation of the homocysteine-betaine relationship by methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase 677 C->t genotypes and B-vitamin status in a large-scale epidemiological study.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex; Vitamins | 2007 |
Prospective study on dietary intakes of folate, betaine, and choline and cardiovascular disease risk in women.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Homocysteine; Humans; Middle Aged; Netherlands; Nutrition Surveys; Odds Ratio; Postmenopause; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2008 |
A maternal methyl-containing diet alters learning ability in the Morris swimming test in adult rats.
Topics: Age Factors; Animal Feed; Animals; Anxiety; Betaine; Brain; Choline; Critical Period, Psychological; Dietary Supplements; Escape Reaction; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental; Lactation; Male; Maze Learning; Methylation; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Space Perception; Spatial Behavior | 2007 |
Folate intake and the MTHFR C677T genotype influence choline status in young Mexican American women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Genotype; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Mexico; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylcholines; Sphingomyelins | 2008 |
Usual choline and betaine dietary intake and incident coronary heart disease: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Choline; Coronary Disease; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Nutrition Surveys; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Time Factors; United States | 2007 |
Characterization of the osmoprotectant transporter OpuC from Pseudomonas syringae and demonstration that cystathionine-beta-synthase domains are required for its osmoregulatory function.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genetic Complementation Test; Kinetics; Listeria monocytogenes; Membrane Transport Proteins; Models, Genetic; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Osmolar Concentration; Phylogeny; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Pseudomonas syringae; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Structure-Activity Relationship | 2007 |
One-carbon metabolism, colorectal carcinogenesis, chemoprevention--with caution.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic; Chemoprevention; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Methionine | 2007 |
Dietary choline and betaine and the risk of distal colorectal adenoma in women.
Topics: Adenoma; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Risk; United States | 2007 |
Metabolic engineering for betaine accumulation in microbes and plants.
Topics: Arabidopsis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Cyanobacteria; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Glycine; Methylation; Molecular Sequence Data; Oxidation-Reduction; Phosphoglycerate Dehydrogenase; Phosphorylation; Plants, Genetically Modified; Serine; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2007 |
Determination of betaine, choline and trimethylamine in feed additive by ion-exchange liquid chromatography/non-suppressed conductivity detection.
Topics: Animal Feed; Betaine; Cation Exchange Resins; Cations; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Electric Conductivity; Methylamines; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results | 2007 |
The association between betaine and choline intakes and the plasma concentrations of homocysteine in women.
Topics: Adult; Alcohol Drinking; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet Records; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Linear Models; Lipotropic Agents; Methylation; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin B Complex | 2007 |
Metabolic profile changes in the testes of mice with streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes mellitus.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Creatine; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1; Fertility; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Principal Component Analysis; Spermatogenesis; Testis | 2009 |
Relationship of dimethylglycine, choline, and betaine with oxoproline in plasma of pregnant women and their newborn infants.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Glutathione; Glycine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Pyrrolidonecarboxylic Acid; RNA, Messenger; Sarcosine | 2007 |
Nutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism and risk of breast cancer among premenopausal women.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Choline; Diet; Female; Food; Humans; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Methionine; Middle Aged; Premenopause; Pteroylpolyglutamic Acids; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2007 |
Utilization of choline and betaine methyl in the guinea pig.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Guinea Pigs | 1949 |
Importance of choline, betaine and methionine as lipotropic factors in domestic duck.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Methionine | 1949 |
Pseudomonas syringae BetT is a low-affinity choline transporter that is responsible for superior osmoprotection by choline over glycine betaine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Escherichia coli; Gene Deletion; Membrane Transport Proteins; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas putida; Pseudomonas syringae; Solanum lycopersicum; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2008 |
Choline metabolism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based study.
Topics: Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Diet; Female; Genotype; Humans; Metabolism; Methionine; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk | 2008 |
Is there a new component of the Mediterranean diet that reduces inflammation?
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Confounding Factors, Epidemiologic; Diet Surveys; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Feeding Behavior; Female; Greece; Homocysteine; Humans; Inflammation; Life Style; Male; Mediterranean Region; Promoter Regions, Genetic; United States | 2008 |
Dietary choline and betaine intakes in relation to concentrations of inflammatory markers in healthy adults: the ATTICA study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Analysis of Variance; Betaine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet Surveys; Fasting; Feeding Behavior; Female; Greece; Homocysteine; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Life Style; Lipotropic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2008 |
An effective and simplified pH-stat control strategy for the industrial fermentation of vitamin B(12) by Pseudomonas denitrificans.
Topics: Betaine; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Choline; Culture Media; Fermentation; Glucose; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Industrial Microbiology; Microbiological Techniques; Molasses; Oxygen; Pseudomonas; Time Factors; Vitamin B 12 | 2008 |
Supplementing limited methionine diets with rumen-protected methionine, betaine, and choline in early lactation Holstein cows.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Body Constitution; Body Weight; Cattle; Choline; Dairying; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Eating; Female; Lactation; Methionine; Milk; Milk Proteins; Organic Chemicals; Parity; Pregnancy; Rumen | 2008 |
Analysis of acetylcholine, choline and butyrobetaine in human liver tissues by hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Betaine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Molecular Structure; Reproducibility of Results; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2008 |
Divergent associations of plasma choline and betaine with components of metabolic syndrome in middle age and elderly men and women.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weights and Measures; Choline; Exercise; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Triglycerides | 2008 |
Plastid-expressed choline monooxygenase gene improves salt and drought tolerance through accumulation of glycine betaine in tobacco.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Chloroplasts; Choline; Disasters; Genetic Vectors; Nicotiana; Oxygenases; Photosynthesis; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plastids; Sodium Chloride; Transgenes; Water | 2008 |
Manipulation of sinapine, choline and betaine accumulation in Arabidopsis seed: towards improving the nutritional value of the meal and enhancing the seedling performance under environmental stresses in oilseed crops.
Topics: Acyltransferases; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arabidopsis; Arthrobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Blotting, Northern; Choline; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Seedlings; Seeds | 2008 |
On the role of histidine 351 in the reaction of alcohol oxidation catalyzed by choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcohols; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Choline; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Substrate Specificity | 2008 |
Dietary factors associated with plasma high molecular weight and total adiponectin levels in apparently healthy women.
Topics: Adiponectin; Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Body Composition; Choline; Eating; Edible Grain; Female; Fruit; Greece; Humans; Linear Models; Middle Aged; Molecular Weight; Nonlinear Dynamics; Nutrition Assessment | 2008 |
Hyperhomocysteinemia induced by guanidinoacetic acid is effectively suppressed by choline and betaine in rats.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Glycine; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Liver; Methionine; Rats | 2008 |
Characterization of the glycine betaine biosynthetic genes in the moderately halophilic bacterium Halobacillus dabanensis D-8(T).
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacillaceae; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Culture Media; DNA, Bacterial; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Multigene Family; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2008 |
Ethnicity and folate influence choline status in young women consuming controlled nutrient intakes.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Black or African American; Body Mass Index; Choline; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Mexican Americans; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Sphingomyelins; White People | 2008 |
Adequate Intake levels of choline are sufficient for preventing elevations in serum markers of liver dysfunction in Mexican American men but are not optimal for minimizing plasma total homocysteine increases after a methionine load.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Genotype; Hispanic or Latino; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Reference Values | 2008 |
Heterologous expression and characterization of choline oxidase from the soil bacterium Arthrobacter nicotianae.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Substrate Specificity; Temperature | 2009 |
The interrelations of choline and glycine betaine in the growth of the chick.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Chickens; Choline; Humans; Physiological Phenomena | 1948 |
Catalytic hydrogenolysis of aromatic ketones in mixed choline-betainium ionic liquids.
Topics: Benzene; Betaine; Catalysis; Choline; Complex Mixtures; Hydrogen; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Ionic Liquids; Ketones; Palladium | 2008 |
Dietary patterns, food groups, and nutrients as predictors of plasma choline and betaine in middle-aged and elderly men and women.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Bread; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet Surveys; Dietary Fats; Eggs; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Food, Fortified; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Meat; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Norway; Phospholipids | 2008 |
GbdR regulates Pseudomonas aeruginosa plcH and pchP transcription in response to choline catabolites.
Topics: Animals; AraC Transcription Factor; Betaine; Choline; DNA Mutational Analysis; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Phosphorylcholine; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sarcosine; Transcription, Genetic; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) | 2009 |
Choline deprivation induces hyperhomocysteinemia in rats fed low methionine diets.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cysteine; Dietary Supplements; Growth; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Male; Methionine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2008 |
Analysis of betaine and choline contents of aleurone, bran, and flour fractions of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Using (1)H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Dietary Fiber; Flour; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Triticum | 2009 |
Repeatability and measurement error in the assessment of choline and betaine dietary intake: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study.
Topics: Betaine; Black People; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Eating; Energy Intake; Female; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; White People | 2009 |
One-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk: prospective investigation of seven circulating B vitamins and metabolites.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Chi-Square Distribution; Choline; Cysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylmalonic Acid; Middle Aged; One-Carbon Group Transferases; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Registries; Riboflavin; Statistics, Nonparametric; Sweden; Vitamin B 6 | 2009 |
Control of choline oxidation in rat kidney mitochondria.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Female; Kidney; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial; Mitochondria; Oxidation-Reduction; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2009 |
[Methyl-containing diet of mothers affects the AGOUTI gene expression in the offspring of rats with various behavioral types].
Topics: Aggression; Agouti Signaling Protein; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Hair Color; Methionine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Selection, Genetic; Species Specificity; Vitamin B 12; Zinc | 2009 |
High intakes of choline and betaine reduce breast cancer mortality in a population-based study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Diet Surveys; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk | 2009 |
Dietary betaine and choline intake are not associated with risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Epithelium; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Ovarian Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2010 |
The ATP-binding cassette transporter Cbc (choline/betaine/carnitine) recruits multiple substrate-binding proteins with strong specificity for distinct quaternary ammonium compounds.
Topics: ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carnitine; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Gene Order; Genes, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Kinetics; Models, Biological; Operon; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas syringae; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Substrate Specificity | 2010 |
Choline metabolism in glycinebetaine accumulating and non-accumulating near-isogenic lines of Zea mays and Sorghum bicolor.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Methyltransferases; Oxygenases; Salinity; Sorghum; Zea mays | 2010 |
Choline and betaine intake and risk of breast cancer among post-menopausal women.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Middle Aged; Postmenopause; Prospective Studies; Receptors, Estrogen; Receptors, Progesterone; Risk | 2010 |
Quantitative measurement of betaine and free choline in plasma, cereals and cereal products by isotope dilution LC-MS/MS.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Edible Grain; Flour; Food Analysis; Humans; Mass Spectrometry | 2010 |
CpG methylation of a silent controlling element in the murine Avy allele is incomplete and unresponsive to methyl donor supplementation.
Topics: Agouti Signaling Protein; Alleles; Animals; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; CpG Islands; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Folic Acid; Genes, Intracisternal A-Particle; Germ Cells; Male; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C3H; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Phenotype; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Retroelements | 2010 |
Choline and betaine intake and the risk of colorectal cancer in men.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2010 |
Are dietary choline and betaine intakes determinants of total homocysteine concentration?
Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Cognition Disorders; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Methionine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2010 |
Relative effectiveness of choline, methionine, betaine, casein and egg albumen in preventing kidney hemorrhage.
Topics: Albumins; Betaine; Caseins; Choline; Hemorrhage; Humans; Kidney; Kidney Diseases; Methionine | 1947 |
The interrelations of choline and methionine in growth and the action of betaine in replacing them.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Growth; Humans; Methionine; Physiological Phenomena | 1947 |
Deletion of murine choline dehydrogenase results in diminished sperm motility.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Male; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Mitochondria; Mutation; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Sperm Motility; Testis | 2010 |
Impaired de novo choline synthesis explains why phosphatidylethanolamine N-methyltransferase-deficient mice are protected from diet-induced obesity.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dietary Fats; Dietary Supplements; Energy Metabolism; Fatty Liver; Feeding Behavior; Insulin Resistance; Male; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mitochondria; Obesity; Phenotype; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Weight Gain | 2010 |
Choline and osmotic-stress tolerance induced in Arabidopsis by the soil microbe Bacillus subtilis (GB03).
Topics: Arabidopsis; Bacillus subtilis; Betaine; Choline; DNA Primers; Ethanolamine; Ethanolaminephosphotransferase; Humans; Kinetics; Osmotic Pressure; Plant Leaves; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction; RNA, Plant; Transcription, Genetic | 2010 |
Subtle decreases in DNA methylation and gene expression at the mouse Igf2 locus following prenatal alcohol exposure: effects of a methyl-supplemented diet.
Topics: Abnormalities, Drug-Induced; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet; DNA Methylation; Drug Resistance; Ethanol; Female; Fetal Death; Fetal Development; Folic Acid; Gene Expression; Genomic Imprinting; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Methanol; Methylation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Inbred DBA; Pregnancy; Species Specificity; Vitamin B 12 | 2011 |
Steatosis in mice is associated with gender, folate intake, and expression of genes of one-carbon metabolism.
Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Carbon; Choline; Diet; Fatty Liver; Female; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Gene Expression; Homocysteine; Liver; Male; Methylation; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; RNA, Messenger; Sex Factors | 2010 |
Dietary intake of S-(alpha-carboxybutyl)-DL-homocysteine induces hyperhomocysteinemia in rats.
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Diet; Enzyme Inhibitors; Glycine N-Methyltransferase; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Liver; Male; Rats; Rats, Inbred F344; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine | 2010 |
Interrelations between choline, betaine, and methionine.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Methionine | 1946 |
Quantification of acetylcholine, choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine in human plasma and urine using stable-isotope dilution ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Drug Stability; Female; Humans; Isotope Labeling; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; Reproducibility of Results; Sarcosine; Sensitivity and Specificity; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2010 |
Imaging lipid synthesis in hepatocellular carcinoma with [methyl-11c]choline: correlation with in vivo metabolic studies.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; Choline; Choline Kinase; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; Fluorodeoxyglucose F18; Lipids; Liver Neoplasms; Marmota; Phosphatidylcholines; Positron-Emission Tomography; Radiopharmaceuticals | 2011 |
Importance of a serine proximal to the C(4a) and N(5) flavin atoms for hydride transfer in choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Crystallography, X-Ray; Energy Transfer; Flavins; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction; Protein Binding; Serine | 2011 |
Genome-scale reconstruction of metabolic network for a halophilic extremophile, Chromohalobacter salexigens DSM 3043.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acids, Diamino; Betaine; Choline; Chromohalobacter; Genome, Bacterial; Genomics; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Models, Biological; Phenotype | 2011 |
Maternal methyl-donor supplementation induces prolonged murine offspring colitis susceptibility in association with mucosal epigenetic and microbiomic changes.
Topics: Animals; Bacteria; Betaine; Choline; Colitis; Dietary Supplements; Disease Susceptibility; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Metagenome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Pedigree; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Vitamin B 12 | 2011 |
Isolation and characterization of proline/betaine transporter gene from oil palm.
Topics: Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Arecaceae; Base Sequence; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Complementary; DNA, Plant; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Green Fluorescent Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Phylogeny; Proline; Promoter Regions, Genetic; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Plant; Seeds; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological | 2011 |
Cardiovascular disease: the diet-microbe morbid union.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Diet; Dietary Fats; Gastrointestinal Tract; Humans; Liver; Metabolomics; Methylamines; Mice; Oxygenases; Phosphatidylcholines; Probiotics; Risk Assessment | 2011 |
Gut flora metabolism of phosphatidylcholine promotes cardiovascular disease.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cholesterol, HDL; Choline; Diet; Dietary Fats; Female; Gastrointestinal Tract; Gene Expression Regulation; Germ-Free Life; Humans; Liver; Macrophages; Metabolomics; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Oxygenases; Phenotype; Phosphatidylcholines; Receptors, Scavenger; Risk Assessment | 2011 |
Expression and substrate specificity of betaine/proline transporters suggest a novel choline transport mechanism in sugar beet.
Topics: Amaranthus; Amino Acid Transport Systems, Neutral; Arabidopsis; Atriplex; Base Sequence; Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carbonyl Cyanide m-Chlorophenyl Hydrazone; Carrier Proteins; Choline; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutation; Phloem; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Proline; Proton Ionophores; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Substrate Specificity; Xylem | 2011 |
Dietary supplementation with methyl donor groups could prevent nonalcoholic fatty liver.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Fats; Dietary Sucrose; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Fatty Liver; Folic Acid; Male; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin B 12 | 2011 |
Betaine feeding prevents the blood alcohol cycle in rats fed alcohol continuously for 1 month using the rat intragastric tube feeding model.
Topics: Alanine Transaminase; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Choline; Enteral Nutrition; Ethanol; Feeding Behavior; Gene Expression Regulation; Liver; Male; Models, Animal; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Sarcosine | 2011 |
Isolation and characterization of a novel peroxisomal choline monooxygenase in barley.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Cold Temperature; DNA, Complementary; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Hordeum; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmotic Pressure; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygenases; Peroxisomes; Plant Leaves; Plant Proteins; Plants, Genetically Modified; RNA, Messenger; RNA, Plant; Sequence Alignment; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Spinacia oleracea | 2011 |
Non-targeted analyses of animal plasma: betaine and choline represent the nutritional and metabolic status.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Chickens; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental; Female; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred ICR; Postprandial Period; Pregnancy | 2013 |
Dietary choline, betaine and lecithin mitigates endosulfan-induced stress in Labeo rohita fingerlings.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Adenosine Triphosphatases; Alanine Transaminase; Alkaline Phosphatase; Animals; Aquaculture; Aspartate Aminotransferases; Betaine; Choline; Cypriniformes; Dietary Supplements; Endosulfan; Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase; Insecticides; Karyotyping; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase; Lecithins; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Malate Dehydrogenase; Stress, Physiological; Surface-Active Agents | 2012 |
Methylation capacity in children with severe cerebral palsy.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Cerebral Palsy; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cystathionine; DNA Methylation; Erythrocyte Indices; Erythrocyte Membrane; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Homocysteine; Humans; Methylmalonic Acid; Queensland; Severity of Illness Index; Uric Acid | 2012 |
Genetic control of osmoadaptive glycine betaine synthesis in Bacillus subtilis through the choline-sensing and glycine betaine-responsive GbsR repressor.
Topics: Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Base Sequence; Betaine; Binding Sites; Choline; Feedback, Physiological; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Models, Molecular; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Repressor Proteins | 2012 |
Gestational intake of methyl donors and global LINE-1 DNA methylation in maternal and cord blood: prospective results from a folate-replete population.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Female; Fetal Blood; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Pregnancy; Vitamin B 12 | 2012 |
Effects of genotype and environment on the contents of betaine, choline, and trigonelline in cereal grains.
Topics: Alkaloids; Betaine; Choline; Ecosystem; Edible Grain; Environment; Genotype; Plant Extracts | 2012 |
Overexpression of serine hydroxymethyltransferase from halotolerant cyanobacterium in Escherichia coli results in increased accumulation of choline precursors and enhanced salinity tolerance.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; Cyanobacteria; Enzyme Activation; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Glycine; Glycine Hydroxymethyltransferase; Molecular Sequence Data; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Bacterial; Salinity; Salt Tolerance; Serine; Sodium Chloride | 2012 |
Maternal intake of methyl-donor nutrients and child cognition at 3 years of age.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cognition; Cohort Studies; Diet; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; Food; Humans; Massachusetts; Maternal Age; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methionine; Multivariate Analysis; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin B 12 | 2012 |
Plasma free choline, betaine and cognitive performance: the Hordaland Health Study.
Topics: Aged; Aging; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cognitive Dysfunction; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Geriatric Assessment; Humans; Male; Methylmalonic Acid; Norway; Risk Factors; Statistics as Topic; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 2013 |
Cellular choline and glycine betaine pools impact osmoprotection and phospholipase C production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Type C Phospholipases | 2012 |
Early second trimester maternal plasma choline and betaine are related to measures of early cognitive development in term infants.
Topics: Betaine; Child Development; Choline; Cognition; Female; Humans; Infant; Male; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, Second | 2012 |
Blood biomarkers of methylation in Down syndrome and metabolic simulations using a mathematical model.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Child; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cystathionine; Cysteine; Down Syndrome; Female; Glutathione; Humans; Infant; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Models, Theoretical; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sarcosine; Young Adult | 2012 |
Determination of trimethylamine in spinach, cabbage, and lettuce at alkaline pH by headspace solid-phase microextraction.
Topics: Adsorption; Betaine; Brassica; Carnitine; Choline; Dimethylpolysiloxanes; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lactuca; Methylamines; Polyvinyls; Reproducibility of Results; Solid Phase Microextraction; Spinacia oleracea; Taste; Temperature | 2012 |
Choline intake and risk of lethal prostate cancer: incidence and survival.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Disease Progression; Follow-Up Studies; Health Personnel; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphorylcholine; Prospective Studies; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk; Sphingomyelins; Survival Analysis; United States | 2012 |
Choline and betaine food sources and intakes in Taiwanese.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Age Factors; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Databases, Factual; Diet; Eggs; Food Analysis; Humans; Male; Meat; Middle Aged; Nutrition Surveys; Plant Leaves; Sex Characteristics; Taiwan; Vegetables; Young Adult | 2012 |
Plasma choline and betaine correlate with serum folate, plasma S-adenosyl-methionine and S-adenosyl-homocysteine in healthy volunteers.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; Gonadal Steroid Hormones; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Middle Aged; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sarcosine; Sex Factors; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2013 |
Serratia entomophila bet gene induction and the impact of glycine betaine accumulation on desiccation tolerance.
Topics: Base Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Desiccation; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmolar Concentration; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Serratia; Sodium Chloride; Soil Microbiology; Transcription Factors; Transcription, Genetic | 2013 |
Low dietary folate and methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency may lead to pregnancy complications through modulation of ApoAI and IFN-γ in spleen and placenta, and through reduction of methylation potential.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoprotein A-I; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Folic Acid Deficiency; Homocysteine; Homocystinuria; Interferon-gamma; Liver; Male; Methylation; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C; Mice, Transgenic; Muscle Spasticity; Placenta; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Psychotic Disorders; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Spleen | 2013 |
Choline and betaine intake is inversely associated with breast cancer risk: a two-stage case-control study in China.
Topics: Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Diet; Eating; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2013 |
Pteridine-, thymidine-, choline- and imidazole-derived alkaloids from the Australian ascidian, Leptoclinides durus.
Topics: Alkaloids; Animals; Australia; Betaine; Choline; Dimethyl Sulfoxide; Imidazoles; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Conformation; Pteridines; Thymidine; Tryptamines; Urochordata | 2013 |
Choline status and neurodevelopmental outcomes at 5 years of age in the Seychelles Child Development Nutrition Study.
Topics: Betaine; Child Development; Child, Preschool; Choline; Cognition; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Language; Linear Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Methionine; Neuropsychological Tests; Nutritional Status; Pregnancy; Sarcosine; Seychelles | 2013 |
Maternal diet supplementation with methyl donors and increased parity affect the incidence of craniofacial defects in the offspring of twisted gastrulation mutant mice.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Craniofacial Abnormalities; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Face; Female; Folic Acid; Gastrulation; Jaw; Male; Methylation; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Knockout; Mutation; Parity; Pregnancy; Proteins; Risk Factors; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B Complex | 2013 |
Metabolic profiling of plasma from sows before parturition and during lactation using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry-based approach.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Lactation; Lipids; Mass Spectrometry; Parturition; Pregnancy; Principal Component Analysis; Proline; Swine; Ureohydrolases | 2012 |
Investigating multiple candidate genes and nutrients in the folate metabolism pathway to detect genetic and nutritional risk factors for lung cancer.
Topics: Aged; Alcohol Drinking; Bayes Theorem; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Folic Acid; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Lung Neoplasms; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors; Smoking; Vitamin B Complex | 2013 |
Associations between dietary intake of choline and betaine and lung cancer risk.
Topics: Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Diet; Humans; Logistic Models; Lung Neoplasms; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors; Smoking; Surveys and Questionnaires; Texas | 2013 |
Choline intake during pregnancy and child cognition at age 7 years.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Child; Child Development; Choline; Cognition; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Intelligence; Male; Massachusetts; Memory; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimester, First; Pregnancy Trimester, Second; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Smoking; Socioeconomic Factors; Vitamin B 12 | 2013 |
Excess nicotinamide increases plasma serotonin and histamine levels.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Histamine; Humans; Male; Niacinamide; Pyridones; Serotonin | 2013 |
Choline catabolism to glycine betaine contributes to Pseudomonas aeruginosa survival during murine lung infection.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Epistasis, Genetic; Gene Deletion; Lung; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Phenotype; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Pseudomonas Infections; RNA, Messenger; Transferases (Other Substituted Phosphate Groups) | 2013 |
Elevated dimethylglycine in blood of children with congenital heart defects and their mothers.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Biomarkers; Child, Preschool; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Heart Defects, Congenital; Humans; Infant; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Mothers; Sarcosine; Socioeconomic Factors; Syria; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency | 2013 |
Betaine supplement alleviates hepatic triglyceride accumulation of apolipoprotein E deficient mice via reducing methylation of peroxisomal proliferator-activated receptor alpha promoter.
Topics: Animals; Apolipoproteins E; Betaine; Carnitine O-Palmitoyltransferase; Choline; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1; DNA Methylation; Fatty Acid Synthase, Type I; Food, Formulated; Gene Expression Regulation; Glutathione Peroxidase; Homocysteine; Lipid Metabolism; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; PPAR alpha; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Signal Transduction; Superoxide Dismutase; Triglycerides | 2013 |
Umbilical choline and related methylamines betaine and dimethylglycine in relation to birth weight.
Topics: Betaine; Birth Weight; Choline; Female; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Pregnancy; Sarcosine; Umbilical Cord | 2013 |
Pathway of glycine betaine biosynthesis in Aspergillus fumigatus.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aspergillus fumigatus; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Enzyme Assays; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Kinetics; Mutation; Mycelium; Species Specificity; Spores, Fungal | 2013 |
Diet influences expression of autoimmune-associated genes and disease severity by epigenetic mechanisms in a transgenic mouse model of lupus.
Topics: Animals; Antibodies, Antinuclear; Betaine; CD40 Ligand; Choline; Coenzymes; Diet; Disease Models, Animal; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Folic Acid; Gene Silencing; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Mice, Transgenic; Micronutrients; Riboflavin; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Zinc | 2013 |
DNA methylation potential: dietary intake and blood concentrations of one-carbon metabolites and cofactors in rural African women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Cysteine; Diet; Diet Records; Dietary Carbohydrates; Dietary Fats; Dietary Proteins; DNA Methylation; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Gambia; Homocysteine; Humans; Linear Models; Methionine; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Prospective Studies; Riboflavin; Rural Population; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sarcosine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Young Adult | 2013 |
Low folate status enhances pregnancy changes in plasma betaine and dimethylglycine concentrations and the association between betaine and homocysteine.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Fasting; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Nutritional Status; Pregnancy; Sarcosine; Spain; Vitamin B 12 | 2013 |
Methylation metabolites in amniotic fluid depend on gestational age.
Topics: Adult; Amniotic Fluid; Betaine; Choline; Female; Gestational Age; Humans; Methionine; Methylation; Methyltransferases; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sarcosine | 2013 |
Intestinal microbial metabolism of phosphatidylcholine and cardiovascular risk.
Topics: Administration, Oral; Aged; Anti-Bacterial Agents; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Metagenome; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2013 |
Dietary choline and betaine intakes vary in an adult multiethnic population.
Topics: Aged; Asian; Betaine; Black or African American; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Edible Grain; Energy Intake; Ethnicity; Female; Hawaii; Hispanic or Latino; Humans; Los Angeles; Male; Middle Aged; Nutritional Requirements; Prospective Studies; Reference Values; Vegetables; White People | 2013 |
Estimation of usual intake and food sources of choline and betaine in New Zealand reproductive age women.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Body Weight; Choline; Diet; Diet Records; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; New Zealand; Nutrition Policy; Reproduction; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2013 |
An inter-order horizontal gene transfer event enables the catabolism of compatible solutes by Colwellia psychrerythraea 34H.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alteromonadaceae; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Evolution, Molecular; Gene Transfer, Horizontal; Genome, Bacterial; Methylation; Operon; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Sarcosine; Sarcosine Oxidase | 2013 |
Nicotinamide supplementation induces detrimental metabolic and epigenetic changes in developing rats.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; CpG Islands; Dietary Supplements; DNA; DNA Damage; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Glucose Intolerance; Homocysteine; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Metabolic Diseases; Niacin; Niacinamide; Oxidative Stress; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Time Factors; Uracil; Vitamin B Complex; Weight Gain | 2013 |
Biosynthesis of the osmoprotectant ectoine, but not glycine betaine, is critical for survival of osmotically stressed Vibrio parahaemolyticus cells.
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Aspartic Acid; Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Microbial Viability; Sodium Chloride; Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 2013 |
Plasma choline, nicotine exposure, and risk of low bone mineral density and hip fracture: the Hordaland health study.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Aged; Betaine; Bone Density; Choline; Female; Hip Fractures; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nicotine; Norway; Odds Ratio; Risk Factors | 2014 |
Sarcosine and other metabolites along the choline oxidation pathway in relation to prostate cancer--a large nested case-control study within the JANUS cohort in Norway.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Cohort Studies; Glycine; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Middle Aged; Norway; Oxidation-Reduction; Prostatic Neoplasms; Sarcosine; Serine | 2014 |
In vitro visualization of betaine aldehyde synthesis and oxidation using hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxidation-Reduction | 2013 |
Identification of an osmo-dependent and an osmo-independent choline transporter in Acinetobacter baylyi: implications in osmostress protection and metabolic adaptation.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carrier Proteins; Choline; Conserved Sequence; GABA Plasma Membrane Transport Proteins; Genes, Bacterial; Kinetics; Membrane Transport Proteins; Molecular Sequence Data; Osmotic Pressure; Oxidation-Reduction; Salinity; Salt Tolerance; Sodium; Water-Electrolyte Balance | 2014 |
Low plasma vitamin B-12 is associated with a lower pregnancy-associated rise in plasma free choline in Canadian pregnant women and lower postnatal growth rates in their male infants.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; British Columbia; Child Development; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Sarcosine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 12 Deficiency; Young Adult | 2013 |
Characterization of the GbdR regulon in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.
Topics: Betaine; Binding Sites; Choline; DNA, Bacterial; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Metabolic Networks and Pathways; Promoter Regions, Genetic; Protein Binding; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Regulon; Sarcosine; Transcription Factors; Virulence | 2014 |
Cereal foods are the major source of betaine in the Western diet--analysis of betaine and free choline in cereal foods and updated assessments of betaine intake.
Topics: Amaranthus; Asia, Southeastern; Betaine; Chenopodium quinoa; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cooking; Diet; Diet, Gluten-Free; Dietary Fiber; Edible Grain; Fagopyrum; Food Handling; Functional Food; Humans; Nutritive Value; Seeds; Sweden; Switzerland; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triticum; Western World | 2014 |
Choline and betaine intakes are associated with reduced risk of nasopharyngeal carcinoma in adults: a case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Carcinogenesis; Carcinoma; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2014 |
[Cryoprotection of compatible-solutes for Methanolobus psychrophilus R15].
Topics: Amino Acids, Diamino; Archaeal Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Cold Temperature; Cryoprotective Agents; Euryarchaeota; Glutamate Dehydrogenase; Microbial Viability | 2013 |
Prognostic value of choline and betaine depends on intestinal microbiota-generated metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Female; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Kaplan-Meier Estimate; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors | 2014 |
Lipotropic activity of choline, betaine, and methionine in ducklings.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Ducks; Lipotropic Agents; Methionine | 1949 |
Methanococcoides vulcani sp. nov., a marine methylotrophic methanogen that uses betaine, choline and N,N-dimethylethanolamine for methanogenesis, isolated from a mud volcano, and emended description of the genus Methanococcoides.
Topics: Base Composition; Betaine; Choline; Deanol; DNA, Bacterial; Hydrothermal Vents; Mediterranean Sea; Methanosarcinaceae; Molecular Sequence Data; Nucleic Acid Hybridization; Phylogeny; Pigmentation; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S; Sequence Analysis, DNA | 2014 |
Dietary intake of choline and neural tube defects in Mexican Americans.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Humans; Mexican Americans; Neural Tube Defects; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Retrospective Studies; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Texas | 2014 |
Audiogenic seizure proneness after methyl-enriched diet in ontogeny.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet; DNA Methylation; Epilepsy, Reflex; Female; Methionine; Pregnancy; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Seizures | 2014 |
Measurement of concentrations of whole blood levels of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine and their relations to plasma levels.
Topics: Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Reproducibility of Results; Sarcosine | 2014 |
Synthesis of the first water-soluble hemicryptophane host: selective recognition of choline in aqueous medium.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Polycyclic Compounds; Quantum Theory; Water | 2014 |
Mouse model for deficiency of methionine synthase reductase exhibits short-term memory impairment and disturbances in brain choline metabolism.
Topics: Acetylcholinesterase; Animals; Apoptosis; Betaine; Cerebellum; Choline; Choline O-Acetyltransferase; Disease Models, Animal; DNA Methylation; Ferredoxin-NADP Reductase; Gene Expression; Hippocampus; Homocysteine; Homocystinuria; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Male; Memory, Short-Term; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Knockout; Synaptic Transmission | 2014 |
Plasma homocysteine, dietary B vitamins, betaine, and choline and risk of peripheral artery disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Homocysteine; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Peripheral Arterial Disease; Proportional Hazards Models; Riboflavin; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin B Complex | 2014 |
Plasma methionine, choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine in relation to colorectal cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Europe; Female; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sarcosine | 2014 |
Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire assessment of methyl-group donors using estimated diet records and plasma biomarkers: the method of triads.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Belgium; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Diet; Diet Records; Energy Intake; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Methionine; Methylation; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Nutritional Status; Reproducibility of Results; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2014 |
Supplementation with methyl donors during lactation to high-fat-sucrose-fed dams protects offspring against liver fat accumulation when consuming an obesogenic diet.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Betaine; Body Composition; Choline; Diet; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Sucrose; Dietary Supplements; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; Gene Expression; Lactation; Liver; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Obesity; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Receptors, Leptin; RNA, Messenger; Vitamin B 12 | 2014 |
Radiation stability of cations in ionic liquids. 5. Task-specific ionic liquids consisting of biocompatible cations and the puzzle of radiation hypersensitivity.
Topics: Acoustic Impedance Tests; Betaine; Biocompatible Materials; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning; Carnitine; Cations; Choline; Computer Simulation; Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy; Ionic Liquids; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Protons; Pulse Radiolysis | 2014 |
Choline concentrations are lower in postnatal plasma of preterm infants than in cord plasma.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Enteral Nutrition; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Glucocorticoids; Humans; Infant, Premature; Infant, Very Low Birth Weight; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal; Male; Middle Aged; Parenteral Nutrition; Pregnancy; Premenopause; Prospective Studies; Sarcosine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Young Adult | 2015 |
Higher serum concentrations of betaine rather than choline is associated with better profiles of DXA-derived body fat and fat distribution in Chinese adults.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Aged; Betaine; Body Composition; Body Fat Distribution; Body Mass Index; China; Choline; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged | 2015 |
Maternal choline concentrations during pregnancy and choline-related genetic variants as risk factors for neural tube defects.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Genome, Human; Genotype; Humans; Logistic Models; Neural Tube Defects; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Selection, Genetic; Young Adult | 2014 |
Choline but not its derivative betaine blocks slow vacuolar channels in the halophyte Chenopodium quinoa: implications for salinity stress responses.
Topics: Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Chenopodium quinoa; Choline; Plant Proteins; Salinity; Sodium; Sodium Channel Blockers; Sodium Channels; Stress, Physiological; Vacuoles | 2014 |
Maternal methyl-enriched diet in rat reduced the audiogenic seizure proneness in progeny.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Epilepsy, Reflex; Female; Folic Acid; Male; Maternal Welfare; Methionine; Methylation; Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Vitamin B 12 | 2014 |
Suppression of intestinal microbiota-dependent production of pro-atherogenic trimethylamine N-oxide by shifting L-carnitine microbial degradation.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Biosynthetic Pathways; Carbon Isotopes; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Gastrointestinal Tract; Methylamines; Methylhydrazines; Microbiota; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Statistics, Nonparametric; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
Role of choline and glycine betaine in the formation of N,N-dimethylpiperidinium (mepiquat) under Maillard reaction conditions.
Topics: Alkaloids; Betaine; Carbon Radioisotopes; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Deuterium; Hot Temperature; Kinetics; Lysine; Maillard Reaction; Methylation; Models, Chemical; Molecular Structure; Molecular Weight; Piperidines; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2014 |
Plasma choline metabolites and colorectal cancer risk in the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Humans; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Women's Health | 2014 |
Deciphering the role of multiple betaine-carnitine-choline transporters in the Halophile Vibrio parahaemolyticus.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Escherichia coli; Gene Deletion; Gene Expression Profiling; Genetic Complementation Test; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Membrane Transport Proteins; Osmotic Pressure; Sodium Chloride; Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 2015 |
Monepantel irreversibly binds to and opens Haemonchus contortus MPTL-1 and Caenorhabditis elegans ACR-20 receptors.
Topics: Aminoacetonitrile; Animals; Anthelmintics; Betaine; Caenorhabditis elegans; Choline; Drug Synergism; Haemonchus; Helminth Proteins; Ligand-Gated Ion Channels; Membrane Potentials; Receptors, Nicotinic; Xenopus laevis | 2015 |
Microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide is associated with disease severity and survival of patients with chronic heart failure.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Chronic Disease; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Intestines; Lipotropic Agents; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Oxidants; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Sensitivity and Specificity; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Analysis | 2015 |
Intestinal microbiota-dependent phosphatidylcholine metabolites, diastolic dysfunction, and adverse clinical outcomes in chronic systolic heart failure.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Blood Pressure; Choline; Chronic Disease; Cohort Studies; Female; Heart Failure, Systolic; Humans; Intestinal Mucosa; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Treatment Outcome | 2015 |
Identification of the catalytic base for alcohol activation in choline oxidase.
Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcohols; Amino Acid Substitution; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Crystallography, X-Ray; Flavins; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction | 2015 |
Reproducibility and validity of an FFQ to assess usual intake of methyl-group donors.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Belgium; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Diet Surveys; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Methionine; Methylation; Nutrition Assessment; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2015 |
Development and validation of a simple UHPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, and betaine in human plasma and urine.
Topics: Betaine; Calibration; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Humans; Indicators and Reagents; Kidney Diseases; Mass Spectrometry; Methylamines; Pilot Projects; Quality Control; Reference Standards; Reproducibility of Results | 2015 |
Choline and betaine intake and colorectal cancer risk in Chinese population: a case-control study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Carcinogenesis; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Risk | 2015 |
Plasma phosphatidylcholine alterations in cystic fibrosis patients: impaired metabolism and correlation with lung function and inflammation.
Topics: Adult; Arachidonic Acid; Betaine; Choline; Cystic Fibrosis; Deuterium; Docosahexaenoic Acids; Female; Forced Expiratory Volume; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Isotope Labeling; Kinetics; Liver; Lung; Male; Phosphatidylcholines; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Young Adult | 2015 |
Choline Alleviates Parenteral Nutrition-Associated Duodenal Motility Disorder in Infant Rats.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betaine; Choline; Disease Models, Animal; Duodenum; Gastrointestinal Motility; Intestinal Diseases; Male; Oxidative Stress; Parenteral Nutrition; Phosphorylcholine; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Reactive Oxygen Species; RNA, Messenger; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Maternal Choline Status, but Not Fetal Genotype, Influences Cord Plasma Choline Metabolite Concentrations.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Canada; Choline; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetus; Genotype; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Sarcosine; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2015 |
[Betaine-enriched beet suppresses hyperhomocysteinemia induced by choline deficiency in rats].
Topics: Amino Acids; Animals; Beta vulgaris; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Choline Deficiency; Cysteine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Homocysteine; Hyperhomocysteinemia; Liver; Methionine; Rats; Rats, Wistar | 2015 |
A Protein Extract from Chicken Reduces Plasma Homocysteine in Rats.
Topics: 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Caseins; Chickens; Choline; Cystathionine gamma-Lyase; Cysteine; Dietary Proteins; Folic Acid; Glycine; Homocysteine; Liver; Male; Meat; Methionine; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Riboflavin; RNA, Messenger; Sarcosine; Serine; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2015 |
Comparative genomics and mutagenesis analyses of choline metabolism in the marine Roseobacter clade.
Topics: Aquatic Organisms; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Formate-Tetrahydrofolate Ligase; Genomics; Mutagenesis; Roseobacter; Sulfatases | 2015 |
Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Not Associated with Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Risk in Japanese Men and Women.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Asian People; Betaine; Choline; Coronary Disease; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Stroke | 2015 |
Overexpression of ALDH10A8 and ALDH10A9 Genes Provides Insight into Their Role in Glycine Betaine Synthesis and Affects Primary Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acids; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Betaine; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carnitine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Germination; Plants, Genetically Modified; Polyamines; Principal Component Analysis; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological | 2015 |
Short-term high-fat diet increases postprandial trimethylamine-N-oxide in humans.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Diet, Atherogenic; Diet, High-Fat; Fasting; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Oxidants; Postprandial Period; Young Adult | 2015 |
A method comparison of a food frequency questionnaire to measure folate, choline, betaine, vitamin C and carotenoids with 24-h dietary recalls in women of reproductive age.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Antioxidants; Ascorbic Acid; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Carotenoids; Choline; Diet Surveys; Educational Status; Energy Intake; Ethnicity; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Mental Recall; Micronutrients; Nutrition Assessment; Reproducibility of Results; Reproduction; Surveys and Questionnaires; United Kingdom; White People; Young Adult | 2016 |
Betaine is as effective as folate at re-synthesizing methionine for protein synthesis during moderate methionine deficiency in piglets.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Cysteine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Methionine; Models, Biological; Oxidation-Reduction; Phenylalanine; Protein Biosynthesis; Swine | 2016 |
Aqueous two-phase system based on natural quaternary ammonium compounds for the extraction of proteins.
Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Chemical Fractionation; Choline; Circular Dichroism; Green Chemistry Technology; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions; Light; Macromolecular Substances; Muramidase; Ovalbumin; Polyethylene Glycols; Proteins; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Salts; Scattering, Radiation; Serum Albumin, Bovine; Trypsin; Water | 2016 |
Plasma levels of trimethylamine-N-oxide are confounded by impaired kidney function and poor metabolic control.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Coronary Angiography; Coronary Disease; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Predictive Value of Tests; Prognosis; Reproducibility of Results; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Time Factors | 2015 |
Fluorescence of the Flavin group in choline oxidase. Insights and analytical applications for the determination of choline and betaine aldehyde.
Topics: Alcaligenes; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Calibration; Choline; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Milk; Spectrometry, Fluorescence | 2016 |
Plasma Concentrations of Trimethylamine-N-oxide Are Directly Associated with Dairy Food Consumption and Low-Grade Inflammation in a German Adult Population.
Topics: Adult; Animals; Betaine; C-Reactive Protein; Choline; Dairy Products; Diet; Diet Surveys; Feeding Behavior; Female; Germany; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Milk; Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha | 2016 |
Plasma 1-carbon metabolites and academic achievement in 15-yr-old adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Educational Status; Female; Genotype; Homocysteine; Humans; Linear Models; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Social Class; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2016 |
Associations of gut-flora-dependent metabolite trimethylamine-N-oxide, betaine and choline with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in adults.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Severity of Illness Index; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Ultrasonography | 2016 |
Serum Trimethylamine-N-Oxide Is Strongly Related to Renal Function and Predicts Outcome in Chronic Kidney Disease.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Female; Fibrinogen; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Inflammation; Interleukin-6; Kidney Transplantation; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Multivariate Analysis; Prognosis; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Severity of Illness Index; Survival Analysis | 2016 |
Plasma trimethylamine N-oxide concentration is associated with choline, phospholipids, and methyl metabolism.
Topics: Aged; Bacteria; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Creatinine; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Lipoproteins, HDL; Male; Methylamines; Methylation; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine; Sex Factors | 2016 |
Serum betaine but not choline is inversely associated with breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Diet; Exercise; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Logistic Models; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors | 2017 |
Osmotic stress response in Acinetobacter baylyi: identification of a glycine-betaine biosynthesis pathway and regulation of osmoadaptive choline uptake and glycine-betaine synthesis through a choline-responsive BetI repressor.
Topics: Acinetobacter; Betaine; Biosynthetic Pathways; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Glycine Dehydrogenase; Membrane Transport Proteins; Operon; Osmoregulation; Oxidation-Reduction; Repressor Proteins; Transcription, Genetic | 2016 |
Major Increase in Microbiota-Dependent Proatherogenic Metabolite TMAO One Year After Bariatric Surgery.
Topics: Adult; Atherosclerosis; Bariatric Surgery; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Diabetes Complications; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Obesity; Postoperative Period; Time Factors | 2016 |
Higher Dietary Choline and Betaine Intakes Are Associated with Better Body Composition in the Adult Population of Newfoundland, Canada.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Betaine; Body Composition; Body Weight; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Newfoundland and Labrador; Surveys and Questionnaires; Waist Circumference; Waist-Hip Ratio | 2016 |
The association of serum choline with linear growth failure in young children from rural Malawi.
Topics: Betaine; Child, Preschool; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Female; Growth; Growth Disorders; Humans; Infant; Malawi; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Methylamines; Nutritional Status; Risk Factors; Rural Population | 2016 |
Components of One-carbon Metabolism Other than Folate and Colorectal Cancer Risk.
Topics: Aged; Amino Acids; Betaine; Biomarkers; Biomarkers, Tumor; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Logistic Models; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Prospective Studies; Protective Factors; Sarcosine; Sweden | 2016 |
Intra-individual variation of plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), betaine and choline over 1 year.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Mass Spectrometry; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Time Factors | 2017 |
Dietary choline and betaine intake, choline-metabolising genetic polymorphisms and breast cancer risk: a case-control study in China.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Diet; Female; Food Analysis; Gene Expression Regulation; Genotype; Humans; Middle Aged; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Risk Factors | 2016 |
An isotope dilution capillary electrophoresis/tandem mass spectrometry (CE-MS/MS) method for the simultaneous measurement of choline, betaine, and dimethylglycine concentrations in human plasma.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Choline; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Female; Humans; Indicator Dilution Techniques; Isotope Labeling; Limit of Detection; Male; Middle Aged; Sarcosine; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Maternal Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Global DNA (Hydroxy)Methylation before and during Pregnancy.
Topics: 5-Methylcytosine; Adult; Belgium; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cytosine; Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Feeding Behavior; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Hydroxylation; Leukocytes; Longitudinal Studies; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methionine; Pregnancy; Prospective Studies; Self Report | 2016 |
Dietary choline and betaine; associations with subclinical markers of cardiovascular disease risk and incidence of CVD, coronary heart disease and stroke: the Jackson Heart Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Black People; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Coronary Disease; Diet; Diet Records; Female; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Mississippi; Proportional Hazards Models; Risk Factors; Stroke; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2018 |
Dietary methyl donors affect in vivo methionine partitioning between transmethylation and protein synthesis in the neonatal piglet.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Cysteine; Diet; Feeding Behavior; Folic Acid; Methionine; Methylation; Protein Biosynthesis; Swine | 2016 |
Comparison of the effects of nicotinic acid and nicotinamide degradation on plasma betaine and choline levels.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Blood Pressure; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Food, Fortified; Homocysteine; Humans; Hydrolysis; Kinetics; Male; Metanephrine; Methylation; Niacin; Niacinamide; Normetanephrine; Pyridones; Random Allocation; Young Adult | 2017 |
Dietary Methyl Donors Contribute to Whole-Body Protein Turnover and Protein Synthesis in Skeletal Muscle and the Jejunum in Neonatal Piglets.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betaine; Choline; Diet; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Folic Acid; Jejunum; Male; Methionine; Muscle, Skeletal; Phenylalanine; Protein Biosynthesis; Swine | 2016 |
Choline and the Brain: An Epigenetic Perspective.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Brain; Choline; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Environment; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Humans; Pregnancy | 2016 |
Prospective associations of maternal betaine status with offspring weight and body composition at birth: the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) cohort study.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Birth Weight; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Female; Folic Acid; Follow-Up Studies; Homocysteine; Humans; Infant; Linear Models; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Nutritional Status; Prospective Studies; Sensitivity and Specificity; Singapore; Vitamin B 12; Young Adult | 2016 |
Simultaneous targeted analysis of trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, betaine, and carnitine by high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Sinorhizobium meliloti chemotaxis to quaternary ammonium compounds is mediated by the chemoreceptor McpX.
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Chemoreceptor Cells; Chemotaxis; Choline; Medicago sativa; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Symbiosis | 2017 |
Dietary and supplemental maternal methyl-group donor intake and cord blood DNA methylation.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Epigenomics; Feeding Behavior; Female; Fetal Blood; Folic Acid; Humans; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methionine; Nutrition Surveys; Pregnancy; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2017 |
Increased Trimethylamine N-Oxide Portends High Mortality Risk Independent of Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Survival Rate | 2017 |
Is N,N-dimethylglycine N-oxide a choline and betaine metabolite?
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Humans; Male; Metabolism, Inborn Errors; Methylamines; Sarcosine; Young Adult | 2017 |
High dietary choline and betaine intake is associated with low insulin resistance in the Newfoundland population.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Choline; Diet; Diet Surveys; Fasting; Feeding Behavior; Female; Humans; Insulin; Insulin Resistance; Male; Middle Aged; Newfoundland and Labrador; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2017 |
Biosynthesis and uptake of glycine betaine as cold-stress response to low temperature in fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Animals; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Betaine; Choline; Cold Temperature; Cold-Shock Response; Fishes; Genes, Bacterial; Sequence Deletion; Stress, Physiological; Vibrio | 2017 |
Maternal intake of methyl-group donors affects DNA methylation of metabolic genes in infants.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Dietary Supplements; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferase 1; DNA (Cytosine-5-)-Methyltransferases; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Infant; Insulin-Like Growth Factor II; Leptin; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Nutrition Surveys; Pregnancy; Retinoid X Receptor alpha; Sequence Analysis, DNA | 2017 |
From substrate specificity to promiscuity: hybrid ABC transporters for osmoprotectants.
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters; Bacillus subtilis; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Operon; Osmoregulation; Substrate Specificity; Transcription, Genetic; Up-Regulation | 2017 |
The effect of paternal methyl-group donor intake on offspring DNA methylation and birth weight.
Topics: Adult; Belgium; Betaine; Birth Weight; Choline; DNA Methylation; Female; Fetal Blood; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Obesity | 2017 |
Choline and its metabolites are differently associated with cardiometabolic risk factors, history of cardiovascular disease, and MRI-documented cerebrovascular disease in older adults.
Topics: Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Body Mass Index; C-Reactive Protein; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cerebrovascular Disorders; Cholesterol; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Hypertension; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Waist Circumference | 2017 |
Higher dietary intakes of choline and betaine are associated with a lower risk of primary liver cancer: a case-control study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Diet; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Population Surveillance; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors; Young Adult | 2017 |
[Effect of peripheral bloodgenomic DNA methylation on the relationship between methyl donor status and risk of breast cancer].
Topics: Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Colonic Neoplasms; Diet; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Methionine; Nutrition Surveys; Risk | 2017 |
Impaired renal function and dysbiosis of gut microbiota contribute to increased trimethylamine-N-oxide in chronic kidney disease patients.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Clostridiaceae; Dysbiosis; Fecal Microbiota Transplantation; Female; Gammaproteobacteria; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Humans; Kidney Function Tests; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Middle Aged; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2017 |
Maternal choline status during pregnancy, but not that of betaine, is related to antenatal mental well-being: The growing up in Singapore toward healthy outcomes cohort.
Topics: Adult; Anxiety; Betaine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Depression; Female; Humans; Personal Satisfaction; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Prospective Studies; Singapore | 2017 |
Microbiota-dependent metabolite and cardiovascular disease marker trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is associated with monocyte activation but not platelet function in untreated HIV infection.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Blood Platelets; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; HIV Infections; Humans; Lipopolysaccharide Receptors; Male; Methylamines; Microbiota; Middle Aged; Monocytes; Myocardial Infarction; Platelet Aggregation; Risk Factors | 2017 |
Hepatic metabolic effects of Curcuma longa extract supplement in high-fructose and saturated fat fed rats.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Curcuma; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Discriminant Analysis; Fatty Acids; Fructose; Glutathione; Least-Squares Analysis; Liver; Male; Malondialdehyde; Multivariate Analysis; Plant Extracts; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Triglycerides | 2017 |
Determination of betaine, l-carnitine, and choline in human urine using a self-packed column and column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Humans; Reproducibility of Results | 2017 |
Simple determination of betaine, l-carnitine and choline in human urine using self-packed column and column-switching ion chromatography with nonsuppressed conductivity detection.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Drug Stability; Humans; Limit of Detection; Linear Models; Reproducibility of Results | 2018 |
Stationary phase-dependent accumulation of ectoine is an efficient adaptation strategy in Vibrio anguillarum against cold stress.
Topics: Acclimatization; Amino Acids, Diamino; Animals; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Cold Temperature; Fishes; Freeze Drying; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genes, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Microbial Viability; Vibrio | 2017 |
Activity, stability and structure of laccase in betaine based natural deep eutectic solvents.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Enzyme Stability; Kinetics; Laccase; Solutions; Solvents; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Water | 2018 |
Identification of osmoadaptive strategies in the halophile, heterotrophic ciliate Schmidingerothrix salinarum.
Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Amino Acids, Diamino; Betaine; Biological Evolution; Catalysis; Choline; Ciliophora; Cytoplasm; Evolution, Molecular; Isocitrate Dehydrogenase; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Malate Dehydrogenase; Osmotic Pressure; Prokaryotic Cells; Salt Tolerance; Sodium Chloride | 2018 |
Simultaneous determination of trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, betaine by UPLC-MS/MS in human plasma: An application in acute stroke patients.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Female; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Plasma; Reproducibility of Results; Sensitivity and Specificity; Stroke; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2018 |
Higher serum choline and betaine levels are associated with better body composition in male but not female population.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Adult; Betaine; Body Composition; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Exercise; Female; Humans; Life Style; Male; Middle Aged; Newfoundland and Labrador; Obesity; Sex Characteristics | 2018 |
Biosynthetic pathways of glycinebetaine in Thalassiosira pseudonana; functional characterization of enzyme catalyzing three-step methylation of glycine.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Diatoms; Genome; Glycine; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing; Methylation; Methyltransferases | 2018 |
The putative compatible solute-binding protein ProX from Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv: biochemical characterization and crystallographic data.
Topics: Amino Acid Sequence; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Carnitine; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Crystallization; Crystallography, X-Ray; Models, Molecular; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Polyphenols; Protein Conformation; Sequence Homology | 2018 |
Plasma Concentrations and Dietary Intakes of Choline and Betaine in Association With Atrial Fibrillation Risk: Results From 3 Prospective Cohorts With Different Health Profiles.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Diet; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Incidence; Male; Middle Aged; Norway; Prognosis; Prospective Studies; Risk Assessment; Risk Factors | 2018 |
Fetal one-carbon nutrient concentrations may be affected by gestational diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Fetal Blood; Fetal Development; Fetus; Folic Acid; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Nutrients; Nutritional Status; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6; Vitamin B Complex | 2018 |
Betaine or folate can equally furnish remethylation to methionine and increase transmethylation in methionine-restricted neonates.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betaine; Blood; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Male; Methionine; Methylation; Swine; Vitamin U | 2018 |
Caloric restriction can affect one-carbon metabolism during pregnancy in the rat: A transgenerational model.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Caloric Restriction; Carbon; Choline; DNA Methylation; Female; Gene Expression; Homocysteine; Hydrolases; Liver; Male; Methylamines; Models, Biological; Pregnancy; Pregnancy, Animal; Rats, Wistar; S-Adenosylmethionine | 2018 |
PEMT rs12325817 and PCYT1A rs7639752 polymorphisms are associated with betaine but not choline concentrations in pregnant women.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Alleles; Betaine; Birth Weight; Carnitine; Choline; Choline-Phosphate Cytidylyltransferase; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Genotype; Homozygote; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methylamines; Nutritional Status; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Poland; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Complications; Young Adult | 2018 |
Dietary intake of one-carbon metabolism nutrients and DNA methylation in peripheral blood.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Australia; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Diet Records; DNA Methylation; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Genome-Wide Association Study; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Riboflavin; Surveys and Questionnaires; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2018 |
Maternal Choline and Betaine Supplementation Modifies the Placental Response to Hyperglycemia in Mice and Human Trophoblasts.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Biomarkers; Blood Glucose; Cell Line, Tumor; Choline; Diabetes, Gestational; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Female; Gene Expression Regulation; Humans; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Neovascularization, Physiologic; Placenta; Pregnancy; Trophoblasts | 2018 |
Sex differences in hepatic one-carbon metabolism.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Homocysteine; Humans; Liver; Male; Models, Biological; Sex Characteristics | 2018 |
Choline Regulates the Function of Bovine Immune Cells and Alters the mRNA Abundance of Enzymes and Receptors Involved in Its Metabolism
Topics: Acetylcholine; Adaptive Immunity; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Cell Proliferation; Cells, Cultured; Choline; Female; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Lactation; Lymphocytes; Monocytes; Neutrophils; Phagocytosis; Phosphatidylcholines; Receptors, Muscarinic; Receptors, Nicotinic; RNA, Messenger | 2018 |
Methyl donor supplementation suppresses the progression of liver lipid accumulation while modifying the plasma triacylglycerol lipidome in periparturient Holstein dairy cows.
Topics: 3-Hydroxybutyric Acid; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Lactation; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Methionine; Milk; Parturition; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Riboflavin; Rumen; Triglycerides | 2019 |
Quantitative Determination of Betaine, Choline, Acetylcholine, and 20-Hydroxyecdysone Simultaneously from Atriplex Species by UHPLC-UV-MS.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Atriplex; Betaine; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Ecdysterone; Mass Spectrometry | 2016 |
Nutritional characterization of sake cake (sake-kasu) after heat-drying and freeze-drying.
Topics: Aspergillus oryzae; beta-Glucans; Betaine; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Choline; Food Handling; Freeze Drying; Fungal Proteins; Hot Temperature; Lipid Metabolism; Niacin; Nucleic Acids; Nutritive Value; Oryza; S-Adenosylmethionine; Saccharomyces cerevisiae; Vitamin B 6 | 2019 |
Use of exogenous glycine betaine and its precursor choline as osmoprotectants in Antarctic sea-ice diatoms
Topics: Antarctic Regions; Betaine; Choline; Diatoms; Ice Cover | 2019 |
Evaluating the therapeutic potential of one-carbon donors in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; DNA Methylation; Folic Acid; Glutathione; Homocysteine; Liver; Male; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Rats; Rats, Wistar; S-Adenosylmethionine | 2019 |
Dietary choline and betaine intakes and risk of total and lethal prostate cancer in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prostatic Neoplasms; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Maternal betaine status, but not that of choline or methionine, is inversely associated with infant birth weight.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Birth Weight; Choline; Female; Homocysteine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Infant, Small for Gestational Age; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Methionine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Trimesters; Sarcosine | 2019 |
Dietary Intake of Nutrients Involved in One-Carbon Metabolism and Risk of Gastric Cancer: A Prospective Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Australia; Betaine; Carbon; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Diet; Female; Folic Acid; Helicobacter Infections; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Nutrients; Odds Ratio; Riboflavin; Risk Factors; Stomach Neoplasms; Vitamin B Complex | 2019 |
One-Carbon Cofactor Intake and Risk of Neural Tube Defects Among Women Who Meet Folic Acid Recommendations: A Multicenter Case-Control Study.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Carbon; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Methionine; Neural Tube Defects; Odds Ratio; Pregnancy; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Factors; United States; Vitamin B 12; Vitamin B 6 | 2019 |
Carnitine Is Associated With Atherosclerotic Risk and Myocardial Infarction in HIV -Infected Adults.
Topics: Adult; Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Carotid Artery Diseases; Carotid Intima-Media Thickness; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; HIV Infections; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Myocardial Infarction; Plaque, Atherosclerotic; Sustained Virologic Response; United States | 2019 |
Choline supply during negative nutrient balance alters hepatic cystathionine β-synthase, intermediates of the methionine cycle and transsulfuration pathway, and liver function in Holstein cows.
Topics: Abomasum; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Choline; Cystathionine beta-Synthase; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Female; Humans; Lactation; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Methionine; Milk; Nutritional Requirements; Nutritional Status; Oxidative Stress; Peripartum Period; Postpartum Period; Pregnancy; Sulfur Compounds; Triglycerides | 2019 |
Structure-guided function discovery of an NRPS-like glycine betaine reductase for choline biosynthesis in fungi.
Topics: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Choline; Fungal Proteins; Fungi; Genome; Glycine; Multienzyme Complexes; Peptide Synthases; Substrate Specificity | 2019 |
A high methyl donor diet affects physiology and behavior in Peromyscus polionotus.
Topics: Absorptiometry, Photon; Animals; Anxiety; Behavior, Animal; Betaine; Choline; Diet; DNA Methylation; Female; Folic Acid; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone; Male; Peromyscus; Social Behavior; Vitamin B 12 | 2019 |
Low serum choline and high serum betaine levels are associated with favorable components of metabolic syndrome in Newfoundland population.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Blood Pressure; Choline; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Lipids; Male; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Newfoundland and Labrador; Sex Factors; Triglycerides | 2019 |
Trimethylamine N-Oxide Metabolites in Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes: A Nested Case-Control Study.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; China; Choline; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Humans; Methylamines; Pregnancy; Prenatal Care; Risk Factors | 2019 |
Hepatic 1-carbon metabolism enzyme activity, intermediate metabolites, and growth in neonatal Holstein dairy calves are altered by maternal supply of methionine during late pregnancy.
Topics: Animals; Animals, Newborn; Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Biomarkers; Carbon; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Energy Metabolism; Epigenesis, Genetic; Female; Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic; Liver; Methionine; Parturition; Pregnancy; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; RNA, Messenger; Rumen | 2019 |
Using Differential Threshold Effects of Individual and Combined Periconceptional Methyl Donor Status on Maternal Genomic LINE-1 and Imprinted H19 DNA Methylation to Predict Birth Weight Variance in the Taiwan Pregnancy-Newborn Epigenetics (TPNE) Cohort St
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Birth Weight; Choline; Cohort Studies; Differential Threshold; DNA; DNA Methylation; Epigenomics; Female; Folic Acid; Genomics; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Long Interspersed Nucleotide Elements; Pregnancy; RNA, Long Noncoding; Taiwan | 2020 |
Circulating gut microbiota metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide and oral contraceptive use in polycystic ovary syndrome.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Betaine; Blood Glucose; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines; Obesity; Polycystic Ovary Syndrome; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Testosterone; Young Adult | 2019 |
Up-regulation of lipid metabolism and glycine betaine synthesis are associated with choline-induced salt tolerance in halophytic seashore paspalum.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Lipid Metabolism; Paspalum; Plant Development; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Salt Stress; Salt Tolerance; Salt-Tolerant Plants; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Up-Regulation | 2020 |
Elevation of Trimethylamine-N-Oxide in Chronic Kidney Disease: Contribution of Decreased Glomerular Filtration Rate.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Creatinine; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Male; Metabolic Clearance Rate; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Renal Dialysis; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic | 2019 |
Dietary Choline Supplementation Attenuates High-Fat-Diet-Induced Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Mice.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Supplements; DNA, Mitochondrial; Fatty Liver; Gene Expression; Lipid Metabolism; Liver; Liver Neoplasms; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental; Male; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Myeloid-Derived Suppressor Cells; Organ Size | 2020 |
The impact of processing on the phenolic acids, free betaine and choline in Triticum spp. L. whole grains and milling by-products.
Topics: Betaine; Bread; Choline; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; Coumaric Acids; Flour; Food Handling; Hydroxybenzoates; Phenols; Seeds; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Triticum; Waste Products; Whole Grains | 2020 |
Associations of plasma trimethylamine N-oxide, choline, carnitine, and betaine with inflammatory and cardiometabolic risk biomarkers and the fecal microbiome in the Multiethnic Cohort Adiposity Phenotype Study.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Bacteria; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged | 2020 |
Low protein diet and methyl-donor supplements modify testicular physiology in mice.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Diet, Protein-Restricted; Dietary Supplements; Fatty Acids; Folic Acid; Male; Methionine; Mice; Testis; Vitamin B 12 | 2020 |
A prospective evaluation of serum methionine-related metabolites in relation to pancreatic cancer risk in two prospective cohort studies.
Topics: Betaine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Humans; Male; Methionine; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Odds Ratio; Pancreatic Neoplasms; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2020 |
Population studies of TMAO and its precursors may help elucidate mechanisms.
Topics: Adiposity; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Methylamines; Microbiota; Phenotype | 2020 |
Development of biocompatible DES/NADES as co-solvents for efficient biosynthesis of chiral alcohols.
Topics: Alcohols; Betaine; Biocatalysis; Biotechnology; Carnitine; Catalysis; Cell-Free System; Choline; Chromatography, Gas; Escherichia coli; Green Chemistry Technology; Hydrogen Bonding; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Lysine; Permeability; Proline; Recombinant Proteins; Solvents; Stereoisomerism; Water | 2020 |
Effects of dietary choline, betaine, and L-carnitine on the generation of trimethylamine-N-oxide in healthy mice.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Intestines; Male; Methylamines; Mice; Mice, Inbred BALB C | 2020 |
Serum choline in extremely preterm infants declines with increasing parenteral nutrition.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Humans; Infant; Infant, Extremely Premature; Infant, Newborn; Parenteral Nutrition; Prospective Studies | 2021 |
Choline-chloride and betaine-based deep eutectic solvents for green extraction of nutraceutical compounds from spent coffee ground.
Topics: Betaine; Chlorides; Choline; Coffee; Dietary Supplements; Solvents | 2020 |
Choline-betaine pathway contributes to hyperosmotic stress and subsequent lethal stress resistance in
Topics: Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Osmotic Pressure; Pseudomonas; Signal Transduction; Stress, Physiological | 2020 |
Effect of Betaine Supplementation on Liver Tissue and Ultrastructural Changes in Methionine-Choline-Deficient Diet-Induced NAFLD.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Choline; Collagen; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Hepatocytes; Liver; Male; Methionine; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease | 2020 |
Trimethylamine N-oxide levels are associated with NASH in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Bile Acids and Salts; Biomarkers; Biopsy; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Liver; Male; Methylamines; Mexican Americans; Middle Aged; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Obesity | 2021 |
Dietary choline, rather than betaine intake, is associated with hepatocellular carcinoma mortality.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular; China; Choline; Diet; Female; Humans; Liver Neoplasms; Male; Middle Aged; Phosphatidylcholines; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult | 2020 |
Investigations of Dimethylglycine, Glycine Betaine, and Ectoine Uptake by a Betaine-Carnitine-Choline Transporter Family Transporter with Diverse Substrate Specificity in
Topics: Amino Acid Motifs; Amino Acid Sequence; Amino Acids, Diamino; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Biological Transport; Carnitine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Membrane Transport Proteins; Multigene Family; Sarcosine; Vibrio parahaemolyticus | 2020 |
The Association of Dietary Choline and Betaine With the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Eating; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Logistic Models; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged; Proportional Hazards Models; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Self Report; Sex Factors; United States | 2020 |
Choline-Mediated Lipid Reprogramming as a Dominant Salt Tolerance Mechanism in Grass Species Lacking Glycine Betaine.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Lipid Metabolism; Plant Leaves; Poa; Salt Stress; Salt Tolerance; Salt-Tolerant Plants | 2021 |
Changes in the concentrations of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and its precursors in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.
Topics: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Motor Neurons; Prognosis; Signal Transduction | 2020 |
Renal function is associated with plasma trimethylamine-N-oxide, choline, L-carnitine and betaine: a pilot study.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Glomerular Filtration Rate; Humans; Kidney; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Pilot Projects; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Retrospective Studies | 2021 |
Unraveling the Effects of Trimethylamine N-Oxide on Stroke: "The lower, the better?"
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet Therapy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Lipotropic Agents; Liver; Methylamines; Oxidants; Risk Factors | 2021 |
Insights in the regulation of trimetylamine N-oxide production using a comparative biomimetic approach suggest a metabolic switch in hibernating bears.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Animals; Betaine; Biomimetics; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Hibernation; Humans; Lions; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Myoxidae; Prospective Studies; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic; Sus scrofa; Tigers; Ursidae | 2020 |
Choline Metabolism and Risk of Atrial Fibrillation and Heart Failure in the PREDIMED Study.
Topics: Aged; Atrial Fibrillation; Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Heart Failure; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors; Sarcosine | 2021 |
Causal relationships between gut metabolites and Alzheimer's disease: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genetic Predisposition to Disease; Humans; Male; Mendelian Randomization Analysis; Methylamines; Negative Results; Risk | 2021 |
Association of dietary and gut microbiota-related metabolites with calcific aortic stenosis.
Topics: Aortic Valve; Aortic Valve Stenosis; Betaine; Choline; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans | 2021 |
Association of gut-related metabolites with outcome in acute heart failure.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric | 2021 |
Trimethylamine
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Methylamines; Molecular Structure | 2021 |
Eggs, dietary cholesterol, choline, betaine, and diabetes risk in the Women's Health Initiative: a prospective analysis.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Cholesterol, Dietary; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Eggs; Female; Humans; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2021 |
The association of dietary choline and betaine and anthropometric measurements among Iranian children: a cross-sectional study.
Topics: Betaine; Child; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Humans; Iran; Prospective Studies; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2021 |
Solubility and Stability of Some Pharmaceuticals in Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents-Based Formulations.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Products; Choline; Drug Compounding; Drug Stability; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Molecular Structure; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Solubility; Solvents | 2021 |
Dietary choline and betaine intake and risk of hypertension development: a 7.4-year follow-up.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Blood Pressure; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Eating; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Food; Humans; Hypertension; Male; Middle Aged; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2021 |
Associations of circulating choline and its related metabolites with cardiometabolic biomarkers: an international pooled analysis.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Creatinine; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Humans; Sarcosine | 2021 |
Metabolomic signature of genetic potential for muscularity in beef cattle.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Body Composition; Cattle; Choline; Creatinine; Glycerol; Male; Meat | 2022 |
Dietary Methyl-Group Donor Intake and Breast Cancer Risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC).
Topics: Adult; Aged; Betaine; Breast Neoplasms; Choline; Diet; Europe; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Methionine; Methylation; Middle Aged; Nutrition Assessment; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2021 |
Maternal plasma choline and betaine in late pregnancy and child growth up to age 8 years in the KOALA Birth Cohort Study.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Child; Choline; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Pregnancy; Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena | 2021 |
Plasma choline and betaine and risks of cardiovascular events and recurrent stroke after ischemic stroke.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Humans; Lipotropic Agents; Male; Middle Aged; Neuroprotective Agents; Recurrence; Stroke | 2021 |
Comparison of Associations between One-Carbon Metabolism, Lipid Metabolism, and Fatty Liver Markers in Normal-Weight and Overweight People Aged 20-40 Years.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Fatty Liver; Humans; Lipid Metabolism; Overweight; Phosphatidylethanolamine N-Methyltransferase; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide; Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase | 2021 |
Simultaneous quantification of trimethylamine N-oxide, trimethylamine, choline, betaine, creatinine, and propionyl-, acetyl-, and L-carnitine in clinical and food samples using HILIC-LC-MS.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Chromatography, Liquid; Creatinine; Female; Food Analysis; Humans; Limit of Detection; Male; Methylamines; Middle Aged; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2021 |
The choline dehydrogenase BetA of Acinetobacter baumannii: a flavoprotein responsible for osmotic stress protection.
Topics: Acinetobacter baumannii; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Flavoproteins; Osmotic Pressure; Water | 2022 |
Assessment of Dietary Choline Intake, Contributing Food Items, and Associations with One-Carbon and Lipid Metabolites in Middle-Aged and Elderly Adults: The Hordaland Health Study.
Topics: Adult; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Diet; Eating; Humans; Lipids; Middle Aged; Vegetables | 2022 |
Association between dietary choline and betaine intake and 10.6-year cardiovascular disease in adults.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Choline; Cohort Studies; Diet; Humans; Iran; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Maternal and neonatal one-carbon metabolites and the epigenome-wide infant response.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Cohort Studies; DNA Methylation; Epigenome; Female; Fetal Blood; Histone Code; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Maternal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena; Metabolomics; Methionine; Pregnancy; S-Adenosylhomocysteine; S-Adenosylmethionine | 2022 |
Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire to assess methyl-group donor intake in preschoolers.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Child; Choline; Diet; Diet Records; Diet Surveys; Energy Intake; Folic Acid; Humans; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires | 2022 |
Optimal Dietary Intake Composition of Choline and Betaine Is Associated with Minimized Visceral Obesity-Related Hepatic Steatosis in a Case-Control Study.
Topics: Adiposity; Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Body Composition; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Diet Records; Eating; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Male; Middle Aged; Obesity; Obesity, Abdominal; Odds Ratio; Taiwan; Ultrasonography | 2022 |
Association of gut-related metabolites with respiratory symptoms in COVID-19: A proof-of-concept study.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; COVID-19; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Methylamines | 2022 |
Gut microbiota-dependent metabolite trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) and cardiovascular risk in patients with suspected functionally relevant coronary artery disease (fCAD).
Topics: Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Coronary Artery Disease; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Disease Risk Factors; Humans; Methylamines; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Chemotaxis of the Human Pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa to the Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine.
Topics: Acetylcholine; Bacteria; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Chemotaxis; Choline; Escherichia coli; Humans; Neurotransmitter Agents; Pseudomonas aeruginosa | 2022 |
Micronutrients of the one-carbon metabolism cycle are altered in mothers and neonates by gestational diabetes and are associated with weight, height and head circumference at birth.
Topics: Betaine; Birth Weight; Carbon; Choline; Diabetes, Gestational; Female; Folic Acid; Glycine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Micronutrients; Mothers; Pregnancy; Tandem Mass Spectrometry; Vitamin B 12 | 2022 |
Lower plasma glutathione, choline, and betaine concentrations are associated with fatty liver in postmenopausal women.
Topics: Betaine; Biomarkers; Choline; Fatty Liver; Female; Folic Acid; Glutathione; Homocysteine; Humans; Postmenopause | 2022 |
Glycine betaine uptake and metabolism in marine microbial communities.
Topics: Betaine; Biological Transport; Choline; Microbiota; Nitrates | 2022 |
Association of Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Metabolites With Mortality in Older Adults.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Female; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Prospective Studies | 2022 |
Associations of plasma betaine, plasma choline, choline intake, and MTHFR polymorphism (rs1801133) with anthropometric parameters of healthy adults are sex-dependent.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Body Weight; Choline; Diet; Female; Humans; Male; Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (NADPH2); Sex Factors; Waist Circumference | 2022 |
Nutritional biomarkers and heart failure requiring hospitalization in patients with type 2 diabetes: the SURDIAGENE cohort.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Biomarkers; Carnitine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Cysteine; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Female; Heart Failure; Homocysteine; Hospitalization; Humans; Male; Methionine; Middle Aged; Prospective Studies; Risk Factors | 2022 |
Application of an Imprint-and-Report Sensor Array for Detection of the Dietary Metabolite Trimethylamine N-Oxide and Its Precursors in Complex Mixtures.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Complex Mixtures; Humans; Methylamines | 2022 |
Integrating Choline and Specific Intestinal Microbiota to Classify Type 2 Diabetes in Adults: A Machine Learning Based Metagenomics Study.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glucose; Humans; Machine Learning; Metagenomics; Methylamines; Prediabetic State | 2022 |
The associations between TMAO-related metabolites and blood lipids and the potential impact of rosuvastatin therapy.
Topics: Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Carnitine; Cholesterol, LDL; Choline; Humans; Lipids; Methylamines; Rosuvastatin Calcium; Tandem Mass Spectrometry | 2022 |
Multiple mediation effects on association between prenatal triclosan exposure and birth outcomes.
Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Bayes Theorem; Betaine; Choline; Cohort Studies; Estradiol; Female; Humans; Leptin; Maternal Exposure; Methylamines; Oxides; Pregnancy; Testosterone; Thyroid Hormones; Thyroxine; Triclosan | 2022 |
Longitudinal Associations of Plasma TMAO and Related Metabolites with Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults: The Cardiovascular Health Study.
Topics: Animals; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Cognitive Dysfunction; Dementia; Medicare; Methylamines; United States | 2022 |
Synthesizing glycine betaine via choline oxidation pathway as an osmoprotectant strategy in Haloferacales.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Glucose; Halobacteriales; Phylogeny; Serine; Trehalose | 2022 |
Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction of Flavonoids from
Topics: Antioxidants; Betaine; Choline; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Flavonoids; Glucose; Hypoglycemic Agents; Potentilla; Reproducibility of Results; Rosaceae; Solvents; Water | 2022 |
Associations of plasma TMAO and its precursors with stroke risk in the general population: A nested case-control study.
Topics: Betaine; Carnitine; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Humans; Stroke | 2023 |
Association between methyl donor nutrients and metabolic health status in overweight and obese adolescents.
Topics: Adolescent; Betaine; Body Mass Index; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Status; Humans; Insulin Resistance; Iran; Lipids; Metabolic Syndrome; Methionine; Nutrients; Overweight; Pediatric Obesity; Vitamins | 2022 |
Changes in plasma and milk choline metabolite concentrations in response to the provision of various rumen-protected choline prototypes in lactating dairy cows.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Cattle; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Female; Lactation; Milk; Rumen | 2022 |
TMAO Upregulates Members of the miR-17/92 Cluster and Impacts Targets Associated with Atherosclerosis.
Topics: Animals; Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Cardiovascular Diseases; Carnitine; Choline; Humans; Inflammation; Methylamines; Mice; MicroRNAs | 2022 |
Acidic and alkaline deep eutectic solvents pre-treatment to produce high aspect ratio microfibrillated cellulose.
Topics: Betaine; Cellulose; Choline; Deep Eutectic Solvents; Solvents; Urea | 2023 |
Trimethylamine N-oxide aggravated cognitive impairment from APP/PS1 mice and protective roles of voluntary exercise.
Topics: Amyloid Precursor Protein Secretases; Animals; Aspartic Acid Endopeptidases; Betaine; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor; Cathepsin B; Choline; Cognitive Dysfunction; Exercise; Mice; Motor Activity; Occludin | 2023 |
The association between plasma choline, growth and neurodevelopment among Malawian children aged 6-15 months enroled in an egg intervention trial.
Topics: Betaine; Child; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Humans; Infant; Methylamines | 2023 |
Serum metabolomic analysis of the dose-response effect of dietary choline in overweight male cats fed at maintenance energy requirements.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Cats; Choline; Diet; Male; Overweight | 2023 |
Dietary choline and betaine intake, cardio-metabolic risk factors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among overweight and obese adults.
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Cardiometabolic Risk Factors; Cholesterol; Choline; Diet; Eating; Humans; Metabolic Syndrome; Middle Aged; Obesity; Overweight; Prevalence; Risk Factors; Triglycerides; Young Adult | 2023 |
Betaine as an alternative feed additive to choline and its effect on performance, blood parameters, and egg quality in laying hens rations.
Topics: Animal Feed; Animals; Betaine; Body Weight; Chickens; Choline; Diet; Dietary Supplements; Egg Yolk; Female | 2023 |
Healthy Nordic diet and associations with plasma concentrations of metabolites in the choline oxidation pathway: a cross-sectional study from Northern Sweden.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2; Diet; Humans; Sweden | 2023 |
Is dietary choline intake related to dementia and Alzheimer's disease risks? Results from the Framingham Heart Study.
Topics: Adult; Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Eating; Female; Humans; Longitudinal Studies; Male; Middle Aged | 2022 |
Selective Molecular Recognition and Indicator Displacement Sensing of Neurotransmitters in Cellular Environments.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Coloring Agents; Neurotransmitter Agents; Water | 2023 |
The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals.
Topics: Adolescent; Betaine; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Diet; Exercise; Humans; Insulin Resistance; United States | 2023 |
Association between nutrient intake related to the one-carbon metabolism and colorectal cancer risk: a case-control study in the Basque Country.
Topics: Betaine; Carbon; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Colorectal Neoplasms; Diet; Eating; Folic Acid; Humans; Logistic Models; Risk Factors; Spain | 2023 |
Methyl donor supplementation reduces phospho-Tau, Fyn and demethylated protein phosphatase 2A levels and mitigates learning and motor deficits in a mouse model of tauopathy.
Topics: Alzheimer Disease; Animals; Betaine; Carbon; Choline; Dietary Supplements; Disease Models, Animal; Folic Acid; Humans; Mice; Mice, Transgenic; Phosphorylation; Protein Phosphatase 2; tau Proteins; Tauopathies | 2023 |
Light effects on Lasiodiplodia theobromae metabolome cultured in vitro.
Topics: Betaine; Choline; Isoleucine; Leucine; Metabolome; Metabolomics; Phosphorylcholine; Valine | 2023 |
Trimethylamine N-Oxide and White Matter Hyperintensity Volume Among Patients With Acute Ischemic Stroke.
Topics: Aged; Betaine; Carnitine; Cerebral Small Vessel Diseases; Choline; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Humans; Ischemic Stroke; Male; Stroke; Stroke, Lacunar; White Matter | 2023 |
Periconceptional intakes of methyl donors and other micronutrients involved in one-carbon metabolism may further reduce the risk of neural tube defects in offspring: a United States population-based case-control study of women meeting the folic acid recom
Topics: Betaine; Carbon; Case-Control Studies; Choline; Female; Folic Acid; Humans; Methionine; Micronutrients; Neural Tube Defects; Racemethionine; Trace Elements; Vitamin B 6 | 2023 |
[Association between maternal plasma one-carbon biomarkers during pregnancy and fetal growth in twin pregnancies].
Topics: Adult; Betaine; Biomarkers; Birth Weight; Choline; Cohort Studies; Female; Fetal Development; Fetal Weight; Homocysteine; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Methionine; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Outcome; Pregnancy Trimesters; Pregnancy, Twin | 2023 |