betaine and betaine aldehyde

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid; In Vitro Techniques; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley; Solubility

Topics: Aerobiosis; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Anaerobiosis; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Culture Media; Escherichia coli; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Osmolar Concentration; Osmotic Pressure; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Chromatography, Agarose; Dithionitrobenzoic Acid; Methylphenazonium Methosulfate; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Escherichia coli; Humans; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Isoelectric Focusing; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Liver; Rats; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Biological Transport; Chloroplasts; Cloning, Molecular; Drug Resistance; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotiana; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Protein Sorting Signals; Recombinant Proteins; RNA, Messenger; Vegetables

Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Brain; Chromatography, Affinity; Chromatography, Ion Exchange; Cloning, Molecular; Enzyme Stability; Humans; Isoenzymes; Liver; Molecular Sequence Data; Organ Specificity; Peptide Fragments; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Enzyme Inhibitors; Kinetics; Magnoliopsida; NAD

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cloning, Molecular; Genes, Bacterial; Medicago sativa; Molecular Sequence Data; Mutagenesis, Insertional; Oxidation-Reduction; Plant Roots; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid; Sinorhizobium meliloti; Symbiosis; Water-Electrolyte Balance

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Sequence; Base Sequence; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Cell Compartmentation; Drug Resistance; Gene Expression; Genes, Plant; Hordeum; Microbodies; Molecular Sequence Data; Nicotiana; Oryza; Phylogeny; Plant Roots; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Salts; Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; NAD; Plants; Temperature

Topics: Adrenal Glands; Adult; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Blotting, Northern; Blotting, Western; Fetus; Humans; Isoenzymes; Kidney; Liver; Muscle, Skeletal; Myocardium; RNA, Messenger; Tissue Distribution

Topics: Betaine; Choline; Kinetics; Nicotiana; Osmolar Concentration; Oxygenases; Plant Leaves; Plant Roots; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Proline; Sodium Chloride; Spinacia oleracea

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Atlantic Ocean; Betaine; Choline Dehydrogenase; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Enzyme Inhibitors; Gills; Hot Temperature; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Maryland; Mitochondria; Ostreidae; Seawater

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Base Sequence; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cold Temperature; DNA Primers; Nicotiana; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plants, Toxic; Sodium Chloride

Topics: Acetaldehyde; Animals; Betaine; Central Nervous System Depressants; Choline; Cytoplasm; Ethanol; Isoelectric Focusing; Kinetics; Liver; Male; Mitochondria, Liver; Rats; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Topics: Adenosine Diphosphate; Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Catalysis; Kinetics; NAD; NADP; Oxidation-Reduction; Pseudomonas aeruginosa; Thermodynamics

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Kinetics; Macromolecular Substances; Magnoliopsida; NAD; Plant Leaves

Topics: Betaine; Betaine-Homocysteine S-Methyltransferase; Choline; Chromatography, Agarose; Chromatography, Gel; Cyanobacteria; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel; Enzyme Inhibitors; Homocysteine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Methyltransferases; Molecular Weight; Sarcosine

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Blotting, Southern; Chloroplasts; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Genetic Engineering; Genetic Markers; Genetic Vectors; In Vitro Techniques; Nicotiana; Osmosis; Phenotype; Plants, Genetically Modified; Plasmids; Polymerase Chain Reaction; Spinacia oleracea; Transformation, Genetic; Transgenes

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Catalysis; Choline; Least-Squares Analysis; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Bacterial Proteins; Betaine; Choline; Choline Dehydrogenase; Cloning, Molecular; Escherichia coli; Halomonas; Kinetics

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Choline; Deuterium; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Oxidation-Reduction

Topics: Ammonium Compounds; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidoreductases; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds

Topics: Aminopterin; Betaine; Biochemical Phenomena; Choline; Folic Acid Antagonists; Humans

Topics: Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acid Sequence; Betaine; Binding Sites; Calcium; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Escherichia coli; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; NADP; Protein Structure, Tertiary; Spectrometry, Fluorescence; Substrate Specificity; Water

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aldehydes; Betaine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Flavins; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Water

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcohols; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Binding Sites; Catalysis; Choline; Histidine; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Molecular Structure; Oxidation-Reduction; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Choline; Cloning, Molecular; DNA, Bacterial; Enzyme Stability; Escherichia coli; Gene Expression; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Weight; Sequence Analysis, DNA; Soil Microbiology; Substrate Specificity; Temperature

Topics: Animals; Betaine; Cholesterol; Humans; Phospholipids; Rats; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Staining and Labeling

Topics: Atherosclerosis; Betaine; Cholesterol; Humans; Phosphatidylcholines; Phospholipids; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Sphingomyelins

Topics: Aldehyde Oxidoreductases; Aldehydes; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Amino Acids, Dicarboxylic; Betaine; Biocatalysis; Catalytic Domain; Circular Dichroism; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Pisum sativum; Plant Proteins; Propylamines; Protein Structure, Secondary; Recombinant Proteins; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Amino Acids; Amino Acids, Aromatic; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Binding Sites; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutant Proteins; Protein Binding; Spinacia oleracea; Structure-Activity Relationship; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Aerosols; Betaine; Cyclohexenes; Limonene; Nanotechnology; Organic Chemicals; Ozone; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization; Terpenes

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Aspergillus fumigatus; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Choline; Enzyme Assays; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Fungal Proteins; Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal; Kinetics; Mutation; Mycelium; Species Specificity; Spores, Fungal

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Betaine; Carbon Isotopes; Choline; Kinetics; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Oxidation-Reduction

Topics: Betaine; Choline; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Molecular Structure; Polycyclic Compounds; Quantum Theory; Water

Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Binding Sites; DNA Mutational Analysis; Enzyme Inhibitors; Models, Molecular; Mutagenesis, Site-Directed; Mutant Proteins; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Staphylococcus aureus

Topics: Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Biocatalysis; Enzyme Stability; Evolution, Molecular; Isoenzymes; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; Mutant Proteins; Mutation; Osmosis; Oxidation-Reduction; Phylogeny; Spinacia oleracea

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Alcohols; Amino Acid Substitution; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Catalytic Domain; Choline; Crystallography, X-Ray; Flavins; Models, Molecular; Oxidation-Reduction

Topics: Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Binding Sites; Crystallography, X-Ray; Kinetics; Models, Molecular; NAD; Protein Binding; Protein Conformation; Staphylococcus aureus; Substrate Specificity

Topics: Adaptation, Physiological; Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Amino Acids; Arabidopsis; Arabidopsis Proteins; Betaine; Carbohydrate Metabolism; Carnitine; Choline; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant; Genes, Plant; Germination; Plants, Genetically Modified; Polyamines; Principal Component Analysis; Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction; Sodium Chloride; Stress, Physiological

Topics: Alcaligenes; Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Animals; Arthrobacter; Betaine; Calibration; Choline; Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Milk; Spectrometry, Fluorescence

Topics: Amino Acid Substitution; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Catalytic Domain; Crystallography, X-Ray; Enzyme Activation; Mutation, Missense; Plant Proteins; Spinacia oleracea

Topics: Alcohol Oxidoreductases; Amino Acid Substitution; Betaine; Enzyme Activation; Hydrogen; Kinetics; Metals; Models, Chemical; Oxidation-Reduction; Protons; Structure-Activity Relationship

Topics: Animals; Betaine; Betaine-Aldehyde Dehydrogenase; Catalysis; Catalytic Domain; Chlorine; Cyclophosphamide; Cysteine; Disulfides; Dithiothreitol; Escherichia coli; Kidney; Kinetics; Ligands; Mercaptoethanol; Models, Molecular; Molecular Conformation; Molecular Docking Simulation; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Protein Conformation; Reducing Agents; Swine

Topics: Acetylcarnitine; Acute Disease; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Betaine; Carnitine; Choline; Female; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Heart Failure; Hospital Mortality; Humans; Male; Methylamines; Natriuretic Peptide, Brain; Risk Factors; Statistics, Nonparametric

Topics: Animals; Betaine; Brain; Cerebellum; Cholesterol; Ions; Kidney; Limit of Detection; Liver; Mice; Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization