betadex and tetramethylammonium

In this study, a carboxymethylated-β-cyclodextrin-based chiral ionic liquid (CIL), tetramethylammonium-carboxymethylated-β-cyclodextrin (TMA-CM-β-CD) was successfully designed and synthesized. This cyclodextrin-based ionic liquids (ILs) was used as the sole chiral selector in capillary electrophoresis, and it is very interesting to find that the chiral separation capability can be remarkably improved when a conventional cyclodextrin chiral selector evolved into an IL chiral selector. The ionic liquid showed satisfactory separation performance towards twelve tested drugs. A series of parameters affecting the enantioseparation, such as the type and proportion of organic modifier, buffer pH, chiral selector concentration, as well as applied voltage were systematically investigated. Additionally, the molecular docking program Autodock was applied to further demonstrate the mechanism of chiral recognition and the enhanced enantioselectivity of TMA-CM-β-CD, which kept in agreement with our experimental results.

Topics: beta-Cyclodextrins; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Ionic Liquids; Molecular Docking Simulation; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Solvents; Stereoisomerism

The combined use of chiral ionic liquids (ILs) and conventional chiral selectors in CE to establish synergistic system has proven to be a convenient and effective approach for enantioseparation. In this work, three amino acid chiral ILs, tetramethylammonium-l-arginine (TMA-l-Arg), tetramethylammonium-l-hydroxyproline (TMA-l-Hyp) and tetramethylammonium-l-isoleucine (TMA-l-Ile), were first applied in CE enantioseparation to investigate their potential synergistic effect with hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CD). Markedly improved separations were obtained in the chiral ILs/HP-β-CD synergistic systems compared with single HP-β-CD system. Parameters, such as the chiral ILs concentration, HP-β-CD concentration, buffer pH, applied voltage and capillary temperature, were optimized. A systematic comparison of chiral ILs with conventional (commonly used) modifiers was also performed, including the use of achiral ILs, conventional salts and molecular organic solvents. In addition, the chiral configuration of ILs was investigated to demonstrate the existence of synergistic effect between chiral ILs and HP-β-CD. All these results indicate that chiral ILs, as additives for CE chiral separation, has significant superiority over conventional modifiers in certain cases.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Amino Acids; Arginine; beta-Cyclodextrins; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Hydroxyproline; Ionic Liquids; Isoleucine; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Stereoisomerism; Temperature

A capillary electrophoretic method for the enantiomeric separations of doxazosin and its intermediate was developed. Several tetraalkylammonium reagents were examined for controlling the electroosmotic flow in order to improve resolution of the enantiomers. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMB) was found more suitable than tetrabutylammonium hydroxide (TAB) or hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) for the enantiomer separation. In addition, the effects of the pH value, the separation voltage and the concentration of the sodiumdihydrogen phosphate on the chiral separation were investigated. A buffer containing 60 mmol/L sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.2), 30 mmol/L TMB and 12 mmol/L beta-cyclodextrin (beta-CD) resulted in the baseline separation of the doxazosin enantiomers and its intermediate enantiomers. It showed that the presence of TMB was essential in some chiral separations that were previously not achieved by only using the beta-CD as a chiral selector.

Topics: beta-Cyclodextrins; Doxazosin; Electrophoresis, Capillary; Molecular Structure; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Stereoisomerism

Approaches to improve resolution in chiral separation of several basic pharmaceutical compounds by capillary electrophoresis (CE) via a cyclodextrin (CD) inclusion complexation are described. Tetraalkylammonium reagents, including long-chain cationic surfactants and short-chain alkylammonium hydroxides, are examined for controlling the electroosmotic flow in order to improve resolution of the cationic enantiomers. In this regard, short-chain tetraalkylammonium cations (such as tetrabutylammonium and tetramethylammonium are more effective. First, the short-chain tetraalkylammonium cations can be used at much higher concentrations than the long-chain cationic surfactants, which form micelles in the few millimolar concentration range. As a result, a better capillary wall coverage is provided with the short-chain reagents, which leads to reduction or reversal of the direction of the electroosmotic flow at the acidic pH 2.5. Second, the short-chain tetraalkylammonium cations are relatively less hydrophobic and less likely to occupy the hydrophobic cavity of beta-CD than the long-chain cationic surfactants, leaving the enantioselective interaction sites more available for the analytes. The presence of these tetraalkylammonium cations was essential in many chiral separations that were reportedly not achieved by using the buffer electrolytes containing only the beta-CD as a chiral selector. In addition, a mechanism of chiral recognition by beta-CD for a group of stereoisomers is discussed.

Topics: beta-Cyclodextrins; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Cyclodextrins; Electrophoresis; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Indicators and Reagents; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Software; Stereoisomerism; Surface-Active Agents