betadex and phenosafranine

In this article, we have addressed to a demanding physicochemical aspect of therapeutic and drug research. We have reported a simple yet prospective technique that can be exploited for the controlled delivery of drugs and/or bioactive small molecules to the most relevant biomolecular target DNA. Exploiting various steady state and time resolved spectroscopic techniques together with the DNA helix melting study, we have shown that a biologically significant photosensitizer, namely, phenosafranin (PSF), can be quantitatively transferred to the DNA from the micellar nanocarrier made up of sodium tetradecyl sulfate (STS) using the external stimulant β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The complexation property of β-CD with the nanocarrier (STS) has been utilized for the controlled release of the probe from the micelle to the DNA. Non-toxicity of the stimulant and the noninvasive nature of the carrier towards the target are expected to add to the suitability of this approach from a clinical perspective.

Topics: Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Cattle; DNA; Drug Carriers; Micelles; Molecular Structure; Nanostructures; Phenazines; Photosensitizing Agents; Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate

Interaction of cationic phenosafranin (PSF), anionic 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS) and non-ionic nile red (NR) have been studied with the zwitterionic phospholipid, egg yolk L-α-phosphatidylcholine (EYPC). The study reveals discernible binding interactions of the three fluorescent probes with the EYPC lipid vesicle. Once the binding of the probes with the lipid is established, the effect of cyclic oligosaccharide, β-cyclodextrin (β-CD), on these lipid bound probes has been investigated. Different fluorometric techniques suggest that addition of β-CD to the probe-lipid complexes leads to the release of the probes from the lipid medium through the formation of probe-β-CD inclusion complexes. A competitive binding of the probes between β-cyclodextrin and the lipid is ascribed to be responsible for the effect. This provides an easy avenue for the removal of the probe molecules from the lipid environment. Extension of this work with drug molecules in cell membranes is expected to give rise to a strategy for the removal of adsorbed drugs from the cell membranes by the use of non-toxic β-cyclodextrin.

Topics: Anilino Naphthalenesulfonates; Animals; beta-Cyclodextrins; Binding Sites; Binding, Competitive; Egg Yolk; Fluorescent Dyes; Fluorometry; Oxazines; Phenazines; Phosphatidylcholines

The interaction of beta-cyclodextrin with the non-ionic micelle-forming surfactant Triton X-165 (TX-165) has been studied using steady state fluorescence and fluorescence anisotropy techniques. Both extrinsic and intrinsic fluorescence have been exploited for the purpose. Phenosafranin (PSF), a cationic phenazinium dye, has been used as the extrinsic probe while fluorescence of TX-165 has served as the intrinsic one. PSF shows discernible interactions with both TX-165 and beta-CD. The experimental results reveal that the extent of interaction of PSF with TX-165 is greater than with beta-CD. However, addition of beta-CD to a micellar solution of TX-165 containing PSF leads to a disruption of the micelles whereby the fluorophore is released from the micellar environment to the bulk aqueous phase. It has been substantiated that an inclusion complex is formed between the non-ionic surfactant and the cyclodextrin. A 1:1 stoichiometry of the TX-165-beta-CD inclusion complex has been proposed. Such a complexation between TX-165 and beta-CD results in an inhibition in the micellization process of TX-165 leading to an enhancement in the apparent CMC value. The inferences are drawn from a series of experiments, viz., binding studies, determination of micropolarity, heavy-ion quenching studies and steady state fluorescence anisotropy experiments monitoring both extrinsic and intrinsic fluorescences.

Topics: Benzene Derivatives; beta-Cyclodextrins; Fluorescence; Fluorescence Polarization; Fluorescent Dyes; Micelles; Phenazines; Polyethylene Glycols; Surface-Active Agents