betadex and indole

Oxidative stress is known to be involved in the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure (CRF). In this study, the effect of cyclodextrins (CDs) on oxidative stress and CRF was investigated using 5/6 nephrectomized rats as model animals.. CRF model rats were divided into five groups and treated for 8 weeks as follows: control, α-CD, β-CD, γ-CD and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-CD (HP-β-CD). Blood was collected from the rats after 4 and 8 weeks for an analysis of renal function and oxidative stress tests were carried out.. An oral administration of HP-β-CD over an 8-week period resulted in a significant decrease in serum indoxyl sulphate, creatinine and urea nitrogen levels, compared with the other CDs. The ingestion of HP-β-CD also resulted in an increase in antioxidant potential, compared with the other CDs. In in vitro studies, the interaction of HP-β-CD with a uremic toxin, indole molecule, was much higher than that for the other CDs, as evidenced by Proton nuclear magnetic resonance ((1) H NMR) measurements.. These results suggest that the ingestion of HP-β-CD might result in a significant reduction in the levels of pro-oxidants in the gastrointestinal tract, such as uremic toxins, thereby inhibiting the subsequent development of oxidative stress in the systemic circulation.

Topics: 2-Hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin; Animals; Antioxidants; beta-Cyclodextrins; Biomarkers; Blood Urea Nitrogen; Creatinine; Cytoprotection; Disease Models, Animal; Indican; Indoles; Kidney; Kidney Failure, Chronic; Male; Nephrectomy; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxidative Stress; Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Rats; Serum Albumin; Time Factors

The use of cyclodextrins (CDs) for controlled delivery of drugs is largely presented in the literature. However, the question of whether CDs themselves linked to a polymeric network are able to sustain the release of drugs still persists. Here, CD immobilization within dextran microspheres is reported, and CD-dextran complexes were packed in a glass column and then, the retention time of different drugs and drug model compounds was determined by liquid chromatography. The release profiles of drugs and of drug model compounds (indole, 3-nitrophenol, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, diclofenac), characterized by different values of the retention time (high, moderate or low), were investigated. The release rates were quite high even for drugs that exhibit very high retention time (high association equilibrium constant). Moreover, the volume of the release fluid strongly influences the rate of drug release. As a whole, "the sink conditions" must be continuously maintained, since at each drug concentration in the release medium, equilibrium occurs between the free and the CD-bound drug.

Topics: alpha-Cyclodextrins; beta-Cyclodextrins; Chemistry, Pharmaceutical; Chromatography, Liquid; Cyclodextrins; Delayed-Action Preparations; Dextrans; Diclofenac; Drug Carriers; gamma-Cyclodextrins; Indoles; Kinetics; Microspheres; Models, Chemical; Nitrophenols; Parabens; Solubility; Technology, Pharmaceutical