betadex and ferric-chloride

Topics: Ascorbic Acid; beta-Cyclodextrins; Chlorides; Dendrimers; Drug Carriers; Drug Liberation; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Fluorescent Dyes; Micelles; Oxidation-Reduction; Rhodamines

The present work is devoted to an attempt to understand the effect of an inorganic salt such as ferric trichloride (FeCl(3)) on the carbonization and degradation of carbohydrates such as β-cyclodextrin (CD), amylose, and cellulose. Our data revealed two important observations. First, the presence of FeCl(3) led to the occurrence of a low carbonization temperature of 373 K. This is a rare phenomenon, in which carbonization improvement is present even if a small amount of FeCl(3) was added. Experimental results had provided evidence for the fact that a redox process was started during the low-temperature carbonization of β-CD, causing the reduction of FeCl(3) to ferrous chloride (FeCl(2)) by carbon materials formed in the carbonization process in air. However, the reduction process of FeCl(3) produced the in situ composite nanomaterial of Fe-FeCl(2) combination in nitrogen. Second, a molecule-ion interaction emerged between FeCl(3) and the carbohydrates in aqueous solution, resulting in a more effective degradation of the carbohydrates. Moreover, our results demonstrated that FeCl(3) played the role of a catalyst during the degradation of the carbohydrates in solution. We believe that the current work not only has a significant potential application in disposal of waste carbohydrates but also could be helpful in many fields such as environmental protection, biomass energy development, and inorganic composite nanomaterials.

Topics: Amylose; beta-Cyclodextrins; Carbohydrates; Carbon; Catalysis; Cellulose; Chlorides; Cold Temperature; Ferric Compounds; Ferrous Compounds; Nanocomposites; Oxidation-Reduction; Refuse Disposal

A novel synthesis of "hairy urchin"-shaped polyaniline (PAni) and its surface coverage with nanospikes was achieved from a simple microemulsion polymerization technique in the presence of β-cyclodextrin (β-CD). The rodlike micelle phase was characterized, and the key factors affecting the formation of PAni nanostructures were systematically examined. Ferric chloride (FeCl(3)) has played a role as a structural directing agent to fabricate the polymer as hairy urchin-like structure/nanorods via a cooperative interaction between FeCl(3) and DoTAC in an aqueous medium. Host-guest inclusion complex of β-cyclodextrin with aniline was used as a monomer. It has been revealed that the formation of the supramolecular complexes of polyaniline with β-CD due to host-guest interaction is indispensable for the fabrication of these unique PAni nanostructures, and a suitable β-CD to aniline molar ratio is essential to their exclusive formation. Different varieties of PAni nanostructures such as hairy urchin, branched particles consisting of rodlike branches, and regular rodlike particles were obtained in the presence of FeCl(3). Also, in the absence of FeCl(3), a predominant product of regular spherical particles and wirelike aggregation exhibiting faceted surfaces were obtained. The structures of polyaniline hairy urchin-like nanorods were analyzed using transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The synthesized polymer was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction technique. Additionally, the relationship between the morphology and the conductivity of the PAni nanostructures was investigated as well.

Topics: Aniline Compounds; beta-Cyclodextrins; Chlorides; Ferric Compounds; Micelles; Nanostructures; Particle Size; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds; Surface Properties; Surface-Active Agents

Topics: beta-Cyclodextrins; Chemistry Techniques, Analytical; Chlorides; Electric Conductivity; Electric Impedance; Ferric Compounds; Formaldehyde; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission; Oxidants; Oxidation-Reduction; Polymerization; Polymers; Pyrroles; Reproducibility of Results; Surface Properties; Textile Industry; Textiles; Time Factors